最近听说关于超轻水的相关资料，说如果把水中的氘去掉，这样的水就具有保健作用，去年就看到如果把水中的氘增加，可以延缓衰老。这显然存在矛盾。是其中一个存在错误？还是因为存在不同的作用机制。我一时无法分辨，而且这两个观点都有科研论著的支持。 希望对这个内容有了解的老师帮助解释。非常感谢 关于超轻水 国内外低氘轻水研发进展 供稿人： 瞿丽曼 供稿时间： 2007-9-14 关键字： 低氘水 去氘水 超轻水 众所周知，自然界里存在的水一般由2个氢原子和1个氧原子组成，但氢原子有质量不同的3个同位素，质量分别为1，2，3的氢、重轻（氘）、超重氢（氚）。自然界的水中，重氢的含量约为150ppm。国内外研究表明，重氢对生命体的生存发展和繁衍有害。生命机体对重氢无抵御能力，一旦进入生命体后很难代谢出去，在体内有累加作用，所以高含量的重氢对人体的遗传、代谢和酶系等有不良影响。重氢含量越高，对生命体的毒害就越大。俄罗斯医学科学院癌症科研所与俄罗斯科学院医学生物问题研究所通过对动物的实验发现，长期饮用氘含量低的水可抑制动物恶性肿瘤的发展，并延长动物的寿命。近年来，低氘轻水作为饮用水已进入欧洲、美国和日本市场。但是，目前国内关于低氘水的研究报道很少，因此在我国当前研究与开发低氘轻水，具有一定的现实意义。 一、研究进展 1．国内研究 目前我国关于低氘水的研究报道很少。1993年冯宏章研究了一种无氘水制备技术，该方法是将普通水经过蒸汽分馏而制得的无氘水，不含其它物质和重水。其工艺步骤为：生产蒸汽-高塔分层蒸馏-真空脱气-高速离心粉碎-磁化-杀菌-检验-包装使用。该方法得到的无氘水主要用于人们饮用、浸泡作物种子、浇灌农作物提高产量和品质。家畜、家禽饮用提高增长率和提高产蛋率。研究者已将该方法申请了中国专利，申请号为CN93118196.8 。 2．国外研究 国外已有不少国家涉足低氘水的研究，如匈牙利、乌克兰、罗马尼亚、美国等国家的相关研究机构纷纷公开其研究成果。 1992年匈牙利SOMLYAI、JANCSO、JAKLI 研究了一种低氘水制备方法，是将含氘150ppm的普通水，在减压、30-50板的填料柱下煮沸，顶端得到的水蒸汽中氘含量为15-30ppm 。 1997年匈牙利SOMLYAI GABOR研究的低氘水制备方法，是采用电解、蒸馏或其它方法，将水中氘含量降低为0.1-135ppm 。 1995年乌克兰VARNAVSKIJ IVAN NIKOLAEVICH、PONOMAREV VASILIJ ALEKSANDROVI、 SHESTAKOV VLADIMIR ILICH公开了一种低氘、氚的饮用水的制备方法，具体为：先将水在4-10mmHg、10℃下转化为蒸汽，在矿物质、有益铁盐、无害固体颗粒等存在下，将水蒸汽加热至90℃。再冷却蒸汽至4℃，使其浓缩，分离液相和固相。该方法得到的水可用于医药、农业和日用 。 1998年罗马尼亚REGIA AUTONOMA ACTIVITATI NUCLEARE SUCUR研究了一种可用于癌症治疗、药物或食品工业的低氘氢水的制备方法，是将自来水或重水厂的废水，在真空下蒸馏，得到轻水和重水 。 2001年罗马尼亚INST NAT CERC-DEZVOLTARE TEHNOLOGII CRIO研究了一种低氘矿物水的制备方法，通过连续混合水组份，再在常压下用干空气起泡使氧气饱和。该方法将浓缩矿物水的同位素含量从144 ppm D/(D+H)转变为30-120 ppm D/(D+H)。该水可应用于化学工业 。 2006年罗马尼亚INST NAT CERC-DEZVOLTARE TEHNOLOGII CRIO研究的低氘水制备方法，是通过将纯净化连续引入高度与直径比为45:1的同位素蒸馏塔中得到。该方法得到的超氢水，氘含量为20-30ppm，可用于食用 。 2003年美国ZLOTOPOLSKI V M公开了以海水为原料生产低氘水的装置，包括减少浓缩物中氘浓度的水处理装置，水过滤器，将过滤浓缩物分离为氢和氧的电解槽，使部分氢和氧结合的反应器以及热转化系统。经该装置处理得到的低氘水可用作饮用水 。 二、产品开发 目前世界上已有多个国家如日本、美国、罗马尼亚等将低氘水投入市场。具体产品如有： 日本超轻水有限公司（Super Light Water Co.,Ltd）生产了两种规格超轻水。之一为Super light water 105，水原料从匈牙利进口，在日本过滤，经加热、杀菌后，入瓶。Super light water 105的重氢浓度为105ppm5ppm，价格为1,250日元/500ml。之二为Ultralight water 25，原料水从罗马尼亚进口，在日本过滤，经加热，杀菌，入瓶，水质量通过软饮料标准，Ultralight water 25的重氢浓度为25ppm5ppm,价格为6200日元/500ml 。 Ultra light water 25 Super light water 105 500ml,6,200 500ml,1,250 罗马尼亚国家低温与同位素技术研究所生产的低氘水（deuterium depleted water），有两种规格：一种浓度为25ppm，供人饮用和naturist治疗；另一种浓度为60ppm，供动物预防疾病或治疗用 。 美国剑桥同位素实验室公司生产的低氘水，氘浓度为2-3ppm，规格100G，价格$105.00 。 美国Sigma-Aldrich公司生产的低氘水，氘和氢含量分别为：5x10-5 D, 99.99995 atom % (H) 。 美国医学同位素公司生产的低氘水，氘含量为2-3ppm，包装规格25g，价格$188 。 罗马尼亚DEUTERIA COSMETICS SRL公司采用分离-净化同位素技术，得到的低氘水，氘浓度为255ppm 。 参考文献 ⒈冯宏章.无氘水制备技术.CN93118196.8 2. SOMLYAI G.Water with reduced deuterium content - by boiling at reduced pressure and passing through a column.HU66414 3.SOMLYAI G.Reducing deuterium content in water-used to produce pharmaceuticals for treatment of myoma, cyst and other benign growths.HU199700453 4．VARNAVSKII I N.Preparation of curative potable water - with reduced deuterium and tritium content.RU2091336 5. REGIA AUTONOMA ACTIVITATI NUCLEARE SUCUR.Process and plant for obtaining light water with low deuterium content with applications in treatment of cancer, pharmaceutical or food industries.RO115148 6．INST NAT CERC-DEZVOLTARE TEHNOLOGII CRIO.Mineralized water low in deuterium consists of a controlled isotope content product saturated with oxygen.RO121107 7.INST NAT CERC DEZVOLTARE TEHNOLOGII CRIO.PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR OBTAINING THE DEUTERIUM DEPLETED WATER.WO2006028400 8.ZLOTOPOLSKI V M.Plant for producing low deuterium water from sea water. US20050109604 9.TI: Super Light Water SO: http://www.slwater.com/ 10.TI：Deuterium depleted water http://www.icsi.ro/ 11．TI：WATER, DEUTERIUM DEPLETED SO： http://www.isotope.com/ 12.TI：Water, deuterium-depleted http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/ 13.TI：Water, Deuterium Depleted http://www.medicalisotopes.com/ 14.TI：Deuterium Depleted Water DDW http://www.deuteriacosmetics.ro/ 关于重水 英研究称喝重水可以延长人10年寿命 《新科学家》杂志报道视频（英文） 英研究称喝重水可以延长人10年寿命（图片来自英国《每日邮报》网站） 北京时间11月28日消息，据英国《每日邮报》报道，英国科学家研究发现，重水中富含一种稀有的氢元素，它可以延长人10年寿命。从牛排到鸡蛋等一系列食物，经过改进也可以使我们享受健康长寿的生活。 这一结论是英国牛津大学前科学家米克海尔什切佩诺夫(Mikhail Shchepinov)得出的，他是抗衰老大师奥布里德格里(Aubrey de Grey)的崇拜者之一，非常同意他的观点。含有一种罕见形式的氢元素的重水可以增强身体组织和细胞抵抗自由基攻击的能力，自由基是在食物转化能量过程中产生的危险化学物。自由基对蛋白质的攻击尤其具有损伤性，该损伤与最严重的老年疾病存在关联，其中包括癌症，阿尔海默氏症和帕金森氏症。 重氢是一种自然产生的氢的同位素，可以加强身体细胞间的联系，使得它们不易受到攻击，这就是上面所说理论的根据。什切佩诺夫离开牛津大学创立可生物科技公司Retrotope，他的研究表明，水中含有的重量为正常氢元素两倍的重氢可以使虫子的寿命延长10%。饮用生命之水的果蝇的寿命延长了30%。什切佩诺夫认为人们也可以从这种味甜的重水或富含重氢重食物中受益。 最新一期的《新科学家》杂志发表的研究报告称，这种重食物或通过直接在其中补充重氢获得或通过在农场牲畜吃的饲料中加入重氢获得。碳13也是一种加强身体细胞间联系的元素，这种重元素也可以用来延长人们的寿命。什切佩诺夫最近说：我们不必将它们作为白粉消费这种同位素，如果你养一头猪，拿这些东西喂养，所有你需要做的就是以正常的方式食用猪肉。他补充说，在人类市场上市前，有可能通过利用宠物食物对这项技术进行试验。 与德格里一起的简维吉教授是Retrotope公司的一名科学顾问，他说：这是一个美妙的设想，它为我们提供了一种真正的减缓老化的途径。加州巴克衰老研究所的朱迪斯坎皮西(Judith Campisi)说：我听到过一些有关我们如何长寿的疯狂想法，但是我对这种设想非常着迷，这是一种非常新颖的设想。 但是其他人对此警告说，虽然自由基理论可以自圆其说，但是它或许不是导致衰老原因的一切。纽卡斯尔大学衰老和健康研究所的汤姆柯克伍德说：什切佩诺夫的理论很有趣，但是我们发现它在将潜在原因相乘思考衰老方面仅仅是讲的通而已。研究衰老领域的历史非常混乱，里面有很多假设，这些假设只是在部分程度上受到数据的支持。所以，他提出的这种机制不太可能是正确的。 更多阅读 英国《每日邮报》报道原文（英文） 《新科学家》杂志报道原文（英文） 西班牙研究表明：抗衰老药对人体有害 干细胞检查站维持癌症与衰老间平衡 揭秘人体各器官衰老时间：大脑20岁开始衰老
急性放射病目前没有特别有效的治疗方法，氧化损伤是急性放射病的最重要启动因素，氢气作为选择性抗氧化物质的发现，提示我们使用氢气有可能具有治疗这个疾病的作用。本研究采用细胞和动物模型两种手段，证明不同浓度的氢气确实具有治疗该疾病的作用。这是世界上首次采用氢气治疗急性放射病的报道。这篇来自第二军医大学放射医学教研室的文章已经被 Free Radical Res 接受。希望从事氢气研究和放射疾病研究的学者共同关注。 急性放射病 是指人体一次或短时间 ( 数日 ) 内分次受到大剂量外照射引起的全身性疾病。外照射引起的急性放射病根据其临床特点和基本病理改变，分为骨髓型、肠型和脑型三种类型，其病程一般分为初期、假愈期、极期和恢复期四个阶段。 一、骨髓型急性放射病，又称造血型急性放射病是以骨髓造血组织损伤为基本病变，以白细胞数减少、感染、出血等为主要临床表现，具有典型阶段性病程的急性放射病。按其病情的严重程度，又分为轻、中、重和极重四度。 二、肠型急性放射病，是以胃肠道损伤为基本病变，以频繁呕吐、严重腹泻以及水电解质代谢紊乱为主要临床表现，具有初期、假缓期和极期三阶段病程的严重的急性放射病。 三、 脑型急性放射病，是以脑组织损伤为基本病变，以意识障碍、定向力丧失、共济失调、肌张力增强、抽搐、震颤等中枢神经系统症状为特殊临床表现，具有初期和极期两阶段病程的极其严重的急性放射病。 大剂量具有穿透性的高频电滋波（如 X 和 射线）或高线能转换（高 LET ）的中子引起，也可由亚原子粒子形成的带正、负电荷的粒子（如 和 粒子）引起。在战时，核武器可杀伤大量人群。平时，放射事故照射可引起急性或亚急性放射病及皮肤损伤。接受放射线者不注意防护，长期受照于超过剂量限值的射线，也可得慢性放射病。受损伤的主要是细胞，细胞受损伤后器官组织丧失功能，出现临床症状，造成放射病。组织受损的轻重取决于放射线剂量大小、受损伤的细胞多少、范围和受照部位的器官和组织的重要与否。一般认为，放射的直接损伤表现为细胞的死亡，不能再增殖新的组织，抵抗力降低，血管破裂出血，组织崩溃，出、凝血时间延长等。放射的间接损伤可以引发肿瘤、白血病，寿命缩短，反复感染，发生贫血和溃疡等。放射的局部损伤可在受照后几个月或几年后才出现。全身性疾病只有在机体内几个器官组织受损或全身受照时才发生。 文章摘要 Qian LR et al. Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radical Res. 2009 pdf ABSTRACT---- It has been demonstrated that hydrogen can selectively reduce hydroxyl and peroxynitrite in vitro. Since most of the ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is caused by hydroxyl radicals, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that hydrogen may be an effective radioprotective agent. In this paper, we demonstrate that treating cells with hydrogen before irradiation could significantly inhibit ionizing irradiation(IR)-induced Human Lymphocyte AHH-1 cells apoptosis and increase cells viability in vitro. We also show hydrogen can protect gastrointestinal endothelia from radiation-induced injury, decrease plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) 、 intestinal 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, and increase plasma endogenous antioxidants in vivo. We suggest that hydrogen has a potential as an effective and safe radioprotective agent. Keywords: Ionizing radiation; radioprotection; intestinal; hydrogen 全文 最新一篇类似
脓毒症是目前国际研究热点，特别是临床上十分关注，当然治疗 脓毒症目前仍存在许多问题，一直没有特别大的突破。氢气作为选择性抗氧化物质，是否能治疗脓毒症，当然值得探讨。 来自中国第四军医大学麻醉学的研究表明，呼吸一定浓度（ 2% ） 6 小时，可以非常有效地治疗中重度 脓毒症，他们采用动物模型，通过多种器官损伤和氧化指标，证明了该效果的存在。这是国际上首次报道氢气能治疗脓毒症，不仅给脓毒症的研究提供了一个新的思路，而且扩展了氢气的生物学效应的研究范围。是非常值得阅读的重要文献。本文已经被国际著名杂志《休克》接受。 从这个研究出发，我们应该考虑采用不同的模型，采用不同的给氢气方法，继续深入研究这个课题。 资料： 伴有急性器官功能障碍的脓毒症 ( 严重脓毒症 ) 是 ICU 病房病人死亡的第一大原因。在美国 ， 每年大约有 750,000 个人发展为脓毒症，平均每天有 2,000 个新发病例，而全世界的总的发病数还不知晓。随着免疫抑制病人增多、侵入性治疗检查的增加、微生物耐药、老年人人口的增长和人们对脓毒症认识与诊断水平的提高，目前脓毒症的病例呈上升趋势。尽管对其治疗给予巨大的投资，严重脓毒症的死亡率还是呈上升的趋势，已经从过去的 28% 上升到如今的 50% 。脓毒症最后导致器官功能障碍和死亡。过去，人们一直认为脓毒症是体内某细菌感染引发的系统性炎症反应的症状。今天，我们认为脓毒症不只是一种炎症反应，而是典型的系统性炎症反应、 促凝血素质 特异质 （ prothrombotic diathesis ） 和纤维蛋白溶解失调三位一体的表现。脓毒症一旦发生，这种三合一反应组合的发现对于降低脓毒症的发病率和死亡率有重大的意义。 事实上， 一旦 脓毒症发生， 引起 严重脓毒症 的恶性循环的走向与潜在的感染性疾病过程无关 。 文章摘要 Protective Effects of Hydrogen Gas on Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis via Reducing Oxidative Stress and HMGB1 Release ABSTRACT---- Despite recent advances in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, sepsis is still considered to be the most common cause of death in intensive care units (ICU). Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) exerts a therapeutic antioxidant activity by selectively reducing hydroxyl radicals (OH, the most cytotoxic ROS) and effectively protects against organ damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, we hypothesized that H 2 treatment had a beneficial effect on sepsis. In the present study, we found that H 2 inhalation starting at 1 and 6 hours after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham operation significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice with moderate or severe CLP in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, moderate or severe CLP mice showed significant multiple organ damage characterized by the increases of lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), serum biochemical parameters, and organ histopathological scores at 24 hours after CLP operation, which was significantly attenuated by 2% H 2 treatment. In addition, we found that the beneficial effects of H 2 treatment on sepsis and sepsis-associated organ damage were associated with the decreased levels of oxidative product, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and reduced levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in serum and tissue. Thus, H 2 inhalation may be an effective therapeutic strategy for septic patients. 全文
研究背景：最近关于医学气体，包括一氧化碳和氢气证明有很好的治疗作用，本研究主要是评价单独呼吸一氧化碳、氢气和联合呼吸两种气体对心脏冷缺血再灌注损伤的作用。冷缺血再灌注损伤是关于器官移植方面最重要的研究课题，其实质和目的是研究器官体外保护。 研究方法是采用同种异体心脏移植，心脏进行6或18小时的体外处理。通过观察存活率、形态学、细胞凋亡、有关标志基因表达等指标。以判断单独呼吸一氧化碳、氢气和联合呼吸两种气体对心脏冷缺血再灌注损伤的治疗作用。 结果：6小时冷缺血再灌注后，呼吸2%的氢气或250 ppm一氧化碳能降低心脏损伤。18小时冷缺血再灌注可造成更严重的心脏损伤，单独呼吸氢气或一氧化碳均不能有效保护。联合呼吸2%的氢气和250 ppm一氧化碳能显著改善心脏损伤，可降低心脏梗死体积、血清 troponin I 和 CPK 水平。 单独呼吸氢气可明显降低MDA和 box-1 水平。一氧化碳能部分保护氧化损伤，但可显著降低炎症因子的mRNA的表达水平和细胞凋亡。结论：两种气体能从不同角度发挥作用，联合使用能取得更好的效果。 一氧化碳和氢都可以保护器官损伤，本研究主要是研究联合应用是否可以获得更好的效果，采用形态学、酶学等常规技术方法，研究证明确实能达到协同治疗效果。该研究是氢分子医学的最新文章，是来自美国Pittsburgh大学器官移植中心，过去他们曾经在 小肠移植 和 肾脏移植 方面发表了文章。现在的研究属于心脏移植。按照常规的思路，估计他们也有关于肝脏移植的研究。 Nakao教授 最近与我进行了很多关于氢的生物学效应方面的探讨，并把我介绍给许多日本这个领域的教授，给我的帮助非常大，感觉他是一个非常优秀的学者。他目前发表论文已经有100多篇，有许多高质量的文章，过去他的兴趣主要是一氧化碳，现在开始对氢气的效应十分关注，美国现在共发表6篇论文，其中他发表了3篇，其中2篇5分以上，质量是最好的，作为一个40岁左右的临床医生，能有这些成就非常不容易。 ABSTRACT Background : Recent advances in novel medical gases, including hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO), have demonstrated significant opportunities for therapeutic use. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of inhaled hydrogen, CO, or both on cold ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the myocardium. Methods : Syngeneic heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in rats after 6 or 18 hours of cold ischemia in Celsior. Survival, morphology, apoptosis, and marker gene expression were assessed in the grafts after in vivo inhalation of hydrogen (1-3%), CO (50- 250 ppm), both, or neither. Both donors and recipients were treated for 1 hour before and 1 hour after reperfusion. Results : After 6 hours cold ischemia, inhalation of hydrogen (2%) or CO (250 ppm) alone attenuated myocardial injury. Prolonged cold ischemia for 18 hours resulted in severe myocardial injury, and treatment with hydrogen or CO alone failed to demonstrate significant protection. Dual treatment with hydrogen and CO significantly attenuated I/R graft injury, reducing the infarcted area and decreasing in serum troponin I and CPK. Hydrogen treatment alone significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels and serum high-mobility group box-1 protein levels as compared with air-treated controls. In contrast, CO only marginally prevented lipid peroxidation, but suppressed I/R-induced mRNA upregulation for several proinflammatory mediators and reduced graft apoptosis. Conclusions : Combined therapy with hydrogen and CO demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy via both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and may be potentially a clinically feasible approach for preventing cold I/R injury of the myocardium. 全文
该文在 PLoS ONE 杂志上发表 ，应该是07年日本在NM报道氢气效应后最高档杂志，主要的特点是发现连续（8小时/天）小剂量（0.08ppm）给动物饮用1/20饱和浓度(1.5ppm)的含氢水对 MPTP诱导的巴金森病治疗效果显著。这个研究对推动 含氢水作为保健品和药物都具有重大影响。过去大家在研究这个领域时候，一般都趋向认为需要增大氢浓度，以实现更好的效果，而由于氢气容易在溶液中释放出来，浓度很容易降低，因此担心会影响效果。现在看来不需要担心这个问题，因为只要连续给药，即使很低浓度也同样有效果。 这个研究有其他重要启示：内源性氢气的效果比预想的更重要，因为体内的浓度与这个更接近。另外给药物开发带来福音，因为浓度越低，需要的工程技术越低，不仅对制备技术，而且对保存和运输技术都降低了要求。也对过去一次大剂量间断给药的效果给了一个非常重要的说明，因为一次比较大的剂量后虽然很快降低，但能保持有效浓度的时间要明显延长。过去认为只能维持30分钟，现在至少可以维持到6小时，因为有效浓度比过去认为的要低20倍。甚至更低，因为让动物自由饮用，浓度仍要持续下降。 因此这个文章将对推动氢分子医学具有重要影响。 实际上去年日本已经有人采用类似的模型研究同一个疾病， http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=215765 。两个 研究思路非常类似，但文章只发表在一个很一般的杂志上，因此研究的思路本身固然重要，研究的技术和精细程度也是非常重要的。从这两个文章的对比，我们应有所思考：我们是否需要更开放的思维和更认真的态度。 作者信息：年轻的Noda副教授 http://hyoka.ofc.kyushu-u.ac.jp/search/details/K000835/english.html Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces DopaminergicNeuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinsons Disease Kyota Fujita1, Toshihiro Seike1, Noriko Yutsudo2, Mizuki Ohno2, Hidetaka Yamada2, Hiroo Yamaguchi2, Kunihiko Sakumi2, Yukiko Yamakawa1, Mizuho A. Kido3, Atsushi Takaki4, Toshihiko Katafuchi4, Yoshinori Tanaka5, Yusaku Nakabeppu2., Mami Noda1.* 1 Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 2 Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 3 Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 4 Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, 5 RD Center, Home Appliances Manufacturing Business Unit, Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan Abstract It has been shown that molecular hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic antioxidant and suppresses brain injury by buffering the effects of oxidative stress. Chronic oxidative stress causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons disease (PD).Here, we show that drinking H2-containing water significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD model mice using both acute and chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The concentrationdependency of H2 showed that H2 as low as 0.08 ppm had almost the same effect as saturated H2 water (1.5 ppm). MPTPinduced accumulation of cellular 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a marker of DNA damage, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased in the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice drinking H2- containing water, whereas production of superoxide (O2N2) detected by intravascular injection of dihydroethidium (DHE) was not reduced significantly. Our results indicated that low concentration of H2 in drinking water can reduce oxidative stress in the brain. Thus, drinking H2-containing water may be useful in daily life to prevent or minimize the risk of life stylerelated oxidative stress and neurodegeneration . Citation: Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, et al. (2009) Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinsons Disease. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007247 Editor: David C. Rubinsztein, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Received September 2, 2008; Accepted September 2, 2009; Published September 30, 2009 pdf Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, Yamaguchi H, Sakumi K, Yamakawa Y, Kido MA, Takaki A, Katafuchi T, Tanaka Y, Nakabeppu Y, Noda M (2009). Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PloS one, 4 (9) PMID: 19789628
该摘要没有正式发表，但是研究内容比较好，放在这里供大家学习参考。根据这个研究思路，对肝脏、肾脏和皮肤等器官移植的研究可提供比较好的借鉴作用。 Adding a Hydrogen-producing Magnesium stick to the drinking water protects cardiac allografts and reduces allograft vasculopathy in rats Atsunori Nakao, Sungsoo Lee, Chien-sheng Huang, Zhiliang Wang, Norihisa Shigemura, Yoshiya Toyoda Background Oxidative stress likely contributes to allograft vasculopathy and interstitial fibrosis, limiting long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) has therapeutic value as an antioxidant through its ability to selectively reduce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that drinking hydrogen water (HW) would protect cardiac and aortic allograft recipients from allograft vasculopathy via the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of H 2 . We further tested whether therapeutic HW could be generated via a magnesium (Mg) stick placed in the drinking water. Methods Allogeneic heterotopic heart transplantation (HTx) and aortic transplantation were performed in rats (LEW and BN) with tacrolimus immunosuppression (0.5 mg/kg, days 0-6). HW was generated either by bubbling hydrogen gas through tap water or with a Mg stick immersed in tap water (Mg + 2H 2 O Mg (OH) 2 + H 2 ). For 100 continuous days, beginning the day of transplantation, recipients were given either regular water (RW), HW, or HW that had been subsequently degassed. Graft survival was assessed by daily palpation for a heartbeat. Aortic grafts were harvested at day 60 for histologic analysis. Results Oral administration of HW generated with a Mg stick (H 2 concentration: 0.6 mM ) caused a significant elevation in blood H 2 (up to 28.6 2.9 M 15 min after intake) as compared to RW (8.1 0.4 M). Supplementation of H 2 in the drinking water, either by reaction with the Mg stick or by bubbling with H 2 gas ( 0.5 mM ), was remarkably effective in prolonging heart graft survival (median of 100 days for both) without adverse effects. In contrast, heart grafts survived 49.5 days in animals given RW and 51.5 days in animals given degassed HW. At day 50, there was a marked increase in graft infiltrating cells, including macrophages and T cells. HW reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and graft lipid peroxidation. Drinking HW also reduced intragraft mRNA levels for IFN at day 50. While Verhoeffs van Gieson staining of transplanted aortas showed massive neointimal hyperplasia associated with the accumulation of SMA-positive smooth muscle cells, HW treatment significantly reduced these pathological changes in aortic allografts. Conclusion Dissolving H 2 in drinking water prolongs survival of cardiac allografts. Drinking HW may protect cardiac allografts from allograft vasculopathy. The HW-producing Mg stick may have novel therapeutic value in HTx due to its portability.
自 2007 年日本学者证明呼吸氢具有抗氧化作用，可治疗脑缺血后氧化损伤的报道以来，目前关于氢气治疗疾病的文章已经有 30 多篇，国际上多家实验室先后证明，氢气能治疗脑缺血、肝缺血、小肠缺血、小肠移植后炎症反应、新生儿脑缺血缺氧、动脉硬化、肠炎和人类糖尿病等重要疾病和损伤。这些研究，主要是根据氢气可选择性清除毒性自由基，但似乎不能完全解释氢的广泛而强大的治疗作用。现在日本学者又报道了氢能通过调节信号分子抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒，能具有保护急性过敏反应，并证明氢气是一种新的气体信号分子，这是氢分子医学领域具有里程碑意义的研究，将直接影响将来关于氢的生物学效应的研究方向。与 07 年的文章一起，将对医学生物学研究产生巨大的影响。 近年来，关于气体的信号作用研究早已经成为一个热点，一氧化碳、一氧化氮和硫化氢先后被证明是重要的气体信号分子，氢气信号作用的发现，给这个队伍又增加了一个新的成员。 阅读英文摘要 Molecular hydrogen suppresses FcRI-mediated signal transduction and prevents degranulation of mast cells Tomohiro Itoh, Yasunori Fujita, Mikako Ito, Akio Masuda, Kinji Ohno, Masatoshi Ichihara, Toshio Kojima, Yoshinori Nozawa, Masafumi Ito Abstract Molecular hydrogen ameliorates oxidative stress-associated diseases in animal models. We found that oral intake of hydrogen-rich water abolishes an immediate-type allergic reaction in mice. Using rat RBL-2H3 mast cells, we demonstrated that hydrogen attenuates phosphorylation of the FceRI-associated Lyn and its downstream signal transduction, which subsequently inhibits the NADPH oxidase activity and reduces the generation of hydrogen peroxide. We also found that inhibition of NADPH oxidase attenuates phosphorylation of Lyn in mast cells, indicating the presence of a feed-forward loop that potentiates the allergic responses. Hydrogen accordingly inhibits all tested signaling molecule(s) in the loop. Hydrogen effects have been solely ascribed to exclusive removal of hydroxyl radical. In the immediate-type allergic reaction, hydrogen exerts its beneficial effect not by its radical scavenging activity but by modulating a specific signaling pathway. Effects of hydrogen in other diseases are possibly mediated by modulation of yet unidentified signaling pathways. Our studies also suggest that hydrogen is a gaseous signaling molecule like nitric oxide. Keywords : molecular hydrogen; immediate-type allergic reaction; mast cell; FceRI; signal transduction 本文发表地址 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/200910101520362687491.shtm 全文
中文摘要 氧化应激在炎症的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用，一方面它可以直接损伤机体，另一方面它可以通过分子间相互作用间接地对机体造成损害 。 在参与炎症过程的众多复杂因子中，活性氧 ( ROS ) 和活性氮 ( RNS ) 是最重要的。 它们包括羟自由基、超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、一氧化氮、亚硝酸阴离子 。有大量的实验证明清除羟自由基和亚硝酸阴离子能够明显减轻炎症的严重程度 。最近的研究表明氢气能够选择性地清除羟自由基和亚硝酸阴离子 ，因此氢气很有可能通过这一途径而具有抗炎的效应。但是通过呼吸道吸入氢气的方法很不方便而且存在安全隐患，于是我们将氢气通过高压溶解于生理盐水中，并检查这种含有氢气的生理盐水是否具有抗炎效应。 本课题以角叉菜胶诱导小鼠足肿胀为实验模型，研究氢生理盐水对于该炎症模型是否具有抗炎效应，并以巨噬细胞为例从细胞水平研究氢生理盐水对炎性细胞的影响。 本实验通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测了细胞培养上清中的 TNF- 的含量；实时定量 PCR 检测了 RAW264.7 及小鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞中 TNF- 的 mRNA 水平；足爪容积测量仪检测了小鼠足肿胀的程度；组织化学切片观察了炎症局部的中性粒细胞浸润程度。 研究工作取得的主要结果如下： 1. 氢生理盐水能够抑制被 LPS 激活的巨噬细胞分泌 TNF- ：氢生理盐水和 100ng/ml 的 LPS 共同处理 RAW264.7 细胞 4h ， 4h 后收集上清检测 TNF- ，发现氢生理盐水能够显著抑制由 LPS 引起的 TNF- 产生，而且这种效应具有剂量依赖性。 2. 氢生理盐水能够减少活化的巨噬细胞合成 TNF- 的 mRNA 水平：氢生理盐水和 100ng/ml 的 LPS 共同处理巨噬细胞 1h ， 1h 后裂解细胞通过实时定量 PCR 检测 TNF- 的 mRNA 水平，发现氢生理盐水能够抑制巨噬细胞 TNF- 的 mRNA 的表达。 3. 氢生理盐水能够显著抑制角叉菜胶诱导的足肿胀：以 2.5ml/kg 、 4ml/kg 、 5ml/kg 、 10ml/kg 的氢生理盐水的量处理角叉菜胶诱导足肿胀的动物模型，发现处理组脚肿胀的程度明显低于对照组，而且 5ml/kg 这个剂量效果最好。 4. 氢生理盐水能够显著抑制炎症局部中性粒细胞的浸润：将氢生理盐水处理组、非处理组及对照组的足爪做成石蜡切片， HE 染色后观察中性粒细胞浸润程度，清水处理组的中性粒细胞浸润明显比非处理组少。 我们的研究发现氢生理盐水不论在 LPS 激活的巨噬细胞上还是在角叉菜胶诱导的足肿胀动物模型上都具有明显的抗炎效应，这一效应很可能是通过清除羟自由基、亚硝酸阴离子等自由基来实现的。因此我们可以预测，氢生理盐水凭借其有效性、安全性、方便性、廉价性，很可能成为我们以后治疗某些炎症疾病的药物。在今后的工作中，我们将深入研究氢生理盐水具有抗炎效应的机制，着重从炎症局部的自由基变化着手，验证我们对于其抗炎机制的猜想，检测炎症局部羟自由基和亚硝酸阴离子的变化。 英文摘要 Back ground : Oxidative stress is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation not only through direct injurious effects, but also by involvement in the molecular mechanism . Among the complex factors involved in the process of inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as the hydroxyl radical (OH), superoxide anion (O 2 ), hydrogen dioxide (H 2 O 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO ), appear to be critical elements . There is a large amount of evidence to show that Inhibitors of NOS activity reduce the severity of inflammation . It has been reported recently that H 2 selectively reduced OH and ONOO . So, as a free radical scavenger, H 2 may have the effect of anti-inflammation. However, inhalation of hydrogen gas may be not convenient for therapeutic use ， so we dissolved molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) in saline under high pressure (0.6MPa), and examine the effects of hydrogen saline on inflammation models. Methods : TNF- in supernatants was evaluated by ELISA. RT-PCR was used to characterize the mRNA expression of TNF- in RAW264.7 macrophages. The severity of inflammation damage was evaluated by paw volume measurement and inflammatory cells infiltration. Results : Supernantant TNF- level from activated macrophages (collected 4h after LPS stimulation) treated with saline were significantly higher than that treated with hydrogen saline. This result was similar in both murine peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages which indicated that hydrogen saline has the ability to inhibit TNF- production of macrophages. Expression of activated macrophage mRNA was determined 1hr after the treatment of hydrogen saline or saline. Results were expressed as the ratio of mRNA cytokine/mRNA microglobin. TNF- mRNA of activated macrophages treated with hydrogen saline was lower than that treated with saline. Hydrogen saline showed dose dependently down-regulated carrageenan-induced paw swelling, compared with the vehicle control group, which received an equal volume of vehicle only (saline). The treatment of animals with hydrogen saline produced a significant decrease in the number of infiltration neutrophils in the inflammatory paw. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the hydrogen saline had the effect of anti-inflammation in both the LPS-activated macrophages and paw oedema models. The possible mechanism may work by reducing OH and ONOO . So we could conclude that hydrogen saline may be a potential candidate for the therapy of inflammatory diseases, which is more convenient to be administered than inhaling hydrogen. KEY WORDS: hydrogen saline, macrophages, TNF-, anti-inflammation, carrageenan. 全文等待
这是来自台湾中山医科大学的研究，研究发现饮用电解水可以保护小鼠四氯化碳诱导的肝脏损伤。研究采用慢性损伤模型，每天给动物饮用8小时电解水。观察了肝功能有关的转氨酶，几种与抗氧化酶和组织形态学改变。研究结果表明，含氢电解水可减轻四氯化碳诱导的肝脏损伤。研究还有一个肝保护的阳性对照组 水飞蓟组Silymarin 200mg/kg)。 过去电解水方面的研究都提出活性氢的概念，这个文章用氢气来解释，是一个进步。因此把这个文章也在这里讨论。 从研究方法上看，这个文章比较一般，台湾这个学者过去一直研究天然抗氧化物质，有非常多高水平的文章，这个文章很一般，国内许多实验事都可以很容易实现。而且研究费用也比较少。 Food and Chemical Toxicology Volume 47, Issue 8 , August 2009, Pages 2031-2036 Hepatoprotective effect of electrolyzed reduced water against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice Chia-Fang Tsai a , 1 , Yu-Wen Hsu a , 1 , Wen-Kang Chen b , Wen-Huei Chang c , Cheng-Chieh Yen d , Yung-Chyuan Ho c and Fung-Jou Lu a , c , e , , a Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan b National Tainan Institute of Nursing, No. 78, Sec. 2, Minzu Rd., Tainan, Taiwan c School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan d School of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan e Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan Received 26 December 2008; accepted 18 May 2009. Available online 27 May 2009. Abstract The study investigated the protective effect of electrolyzed reduced water (ERW) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver damage. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into control, CCl 4 , CCl 4 +silymarin, and CCl 4 +ERW groups. CCl 4 -induced liver lesions include leukocytes infiltration, hepatocyte necrosis, ballooning degeneration, mitosis, calcification, fibrosis and an increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aminotransferase (AST) activity. In addition, CCl 4 also significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). By contrast, ERW or silymarin supplement significantly ameliorated the CCl 4 -induced liver lesions, lowered the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALT and AST) and increased the activities of SOD, catalase, and GSH-Px in liver. Therefore, the results of this study show that ERW can be proposed to protect the liver against CCl 4 -induced oxidative damage in mice, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect. 作者台湾呂鋒洲教授介绍： http://medicine.csmu.edu.tw/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=914Category=23 11111
从07年到现在，日本学者共发表相关文章12篇，其中日本医科大学的太田成男教授有11篇。几乎占这个领域的总数量的1半，仍是这个领域的第一。美国有三个大学开始这方面的研究，目前进展尽管比较快，但仍与日本的有一些差距。日本学者主要的方向是，脑、肝和心方面。美国的主要是小肠和肝。我们只在肺损伤方面有一些新意，其他在器官方面没有突出表现。唯一值得炫耀的是制备了含氢生理盐水，但并不是特别的创新。本文是除我们以外采用含氢生理盐水唯一的一篇论文。日本学者无论如何，每次都引用我们的文章，从这个方面看，太田成男教授对我们的研究是比较认可的。到目前，我们的第一篇这方面的文章引用次数已经超过10次（发表了1年），第二篇2009年发表的论文引用也已经达到8次。 这是采用局部用药的方法，证明氢气能治疗视网膜缺血再灌注损伤。特别指出，这个文献是作者直接发给我的。没有经过检索。特此谢谢。 这也说明他们一直在这方面开展一些工作，我们不能放松。 关于这个研究，实际上我们也开始，但采用的研究手段是不同的，研究结果也不如他们的理想。科研工作就是这样，尽管你能想到，甚至做到，但是如果晚了，就几乎是完了。 Abstract PURPOSE. Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by transient elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to induce neuronal damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Previous studies indicate that molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient antioxidant gas that selectively reduces the hydroxyl radical (OH) and suppresses oxidative stress-induced injury in several organs. This study was conducted to explore the neuroprotective effect of H2-loaded eye drops on retinal I/R injury. METHODS. Retinal ischemia was induced in rats by raising IOP for 60 minutes. H2-loaded eye drops were prepared by dissolving H2 gas into a saline to saturated level and administered to the ocular surface continuously during the ischemia and/or reperfusion periods. One day after I/R injury, apoptotic cells in the retina were quantified and oxidative stress was evaluated by markers such as 4-hydroxynonenal and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Seven days after I/R injury, retinal damage was quantified by measuring the thickness of the retina. RESULTS. When H2-loaded eye drops were continuously administered, H2 concentration in the vitreous body immediately increased and I/R-induced OH level decreased. The drops reduced the number of retinal apoptotic and oxidative stress marker-positive cells, and prevented retinal thinning with an accompanying activation of Mller glia, astrocytes, and microglia. The drops improved the recovery of retinal thickness by 70%. CONCLUSIONS. H2 has no known toxic effects on the human body. Thus, our study suggests that H2-loaded eye drops will be a highly useful neuroprotective and anti-oxidative therapeutic treatment for acute retinal I/R in 1234
姜在印度和中国饮食中广泛使用，姜黄素的抗氧化作用也得到广泛研究，本研究采用志愿者研究发现，口服一定量姜黄素可以引起体内氢气的产生，说明这种物质治疗疾病的原因之一可能与氢气有关。 日本学者已经发现，部分人喝牛奶能促进氢的产量，也发现一些糖尿病药物阿波糖具有这样的作用。现在又发现姜黄素也有这样的作用，那么下一个是什么？刺激迷走神经是否也有这样的作用，针灸是否也能有这样的作用，其他食品，例如冬虫夏草和海带，因为它们含有丰富的甘露醇，不能被小肠吸收，而可被大肠杆菌利用产生氢气。 对重要的中药，可以用这种非常简单的方法，研究分类。能促进氢产生的药物有那些，这些药物应该具有非常好的抗炎和抗氧化作用。就能找到一种解释这类药物的治疗机制。 对一些药物，也可以重新进行评价。可能将成为一种很好的药物评价手段，特别是对那些口服药物。一些抗生素，特别是那些抗厌氧菌的药物，如果使用不当，应该具有抑制氢产生的作用，可能是他们产生副作用的原因之一。这些研究都将成为氢分子一些的重要分支。 Dig Dis Sci. 2009 Aug;54(8):1725-9. Epub 2008 Nov 26. Links Effect of dietary turmeric on breath hydrogen. Shimouchi A , Nose K , Takaoka M , Hayashi H , Kondo T . Department of Etiology and Pathogenesis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan. ashimouc@res.ncvc.go.jp Turmeric is widely used in Indian cuisine. The main constituents of turmeric are curcumin and its analogues, which are well-known antioxidant compounds. In the present study, we hypothesized that turmeric in curry might increase bowel motility and activate hydrogen-producing bacterial flora in the colon, thereby increasing the concentration of breath hydrogen. Eight healthy subjects fasted for 12 h and ingested curry and rice with or without turmeric (turmeric knockout curry). Breath-hydrogen concentrations were analyzed every 15 min for 6 h by gas chromatography with a semiconductor detector. Curry with turmeric significantly increased the area under the curve of breath hydrogen and shortened small-bowel transit time, compared with curry not containing turmeric. These results suggested that dietary turmeric activated bowel motility and carbohydrate colonic fermentation. 全文下载 找到日文全文，懂日文的老师可以方便看，我不懂日本语，请多指点 全文
现在关于电解水的广告有很多，大部分都声称是弱碱水可纠正酸碱平衡，这是站不住脚的荒唐理论。希望商业广告不要为了经济效益而愚弄百姓，多讲一些科学证据，在挣钱的同时普及科学知识，不要继续把百姓看成弱智。 市场上的电解水有两类，一是用直流电电解，另一种是用金属镁与水反应，两种方法都能产生弱碱性水，都同时可产生氢气，区别是后者可释放Mg 2+ , 使用更方便，例如日本的水素水棒就是这类产品，要注意这两类水都是因为氢气能溶解在水中，才是发挥治疗作用的关键。治疗作用与酸碱平衡没有丝毫关系，因为只要把水用酸中和，效果应该是同样，没有这样的对照实验，不能随便下结论。尽管在日本和东南亚已经有很多人使用了这种保健水，但关于这个水的研究目前仍不是非常充分，特别是长期使用是不是可对人体产生不利影响，尽管从理论上分析，产生副作用的可能性比较小，但不能说没有，因为目前尚没有任何实验证据。这方面绝对是需要我们警惕的。 这是2004年关于这类水的研究，尽管本人认为有些观点不正确，但仍是一个比较严禁的论文。希望对想了解电解水的人有所帮助。 Studies on the Properties and Real Existence of Aqueous Solution Systems that are Assumed to Have Antioxidant Activities by the Action of Hydrogen Atsushi Hiraoka,*, a Masumi Takemoto,a Takahiro Suzuki,a Atsuko Shinohara,b Momoko Chiba,b Mika Shirao,c and Yoshihiro Yoshimurad (Received March 2, 2004; Accepted June 9, 2004) We evaluated the properties and real existence of an electrolyzed-reduced water, which we prepared, and three commercially purchased water goods, that are advertised to have antioxidant activities by the action of active hydrogen , on the basis of the results of examinations for inhibitory effects on the oxidative reactions of biomolecules, quantitative analyses of the minerals, and the ESR spectral data in measurement of the scavenging ability for reactive oxygen species. The results suggested that all of the examined aqueous solution systems undoubtedly have antioxidant activities in vitro and that such effects are derived from ordinary molecular hydrogen (hydrogen gas) and/or (a) reductive vanadium ion(s). Active hydrogen seems to be absent as an effective component of the antioxidant activities of these aqueous solution systems. 全文可下载： 1212 另一篇08年的文章更明确地证明，中性电解水可以抑制肿瘤生长。 : Oncol Res. 2008;17(6):247-55. Links Neutral pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water achieves tumor-preferential clonal growth inhibition over normal cells and tumor invasion inhibition concurrently with intracellular oxidant repression. Saitoh Y , Okayasu H , Xiao L , Harata Y , Miwa N . Cell-Death Control BioTechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan. The properties and effects of neutral pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water (NHE water) on tumor cells were examined. NHE water diminished hydroxyl radicals as demonstrated by ESR in a cell-free system. Human tongue carcinoma cells HSC-4 were inhibited for either colony formation efficiencies or colony sizes by NHE water without significant inhibition to normal human tongue epithelial-like cells DOK. Furthermore, NHE water caused growth inhibition, cell degeneration, and inhibition of invasion through the reconstituted basement membrane to human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080. Intracellular oxidants such as hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxides were scavenged in HSC-4 or HT-1080 cells by NHE water. In the human oral cavity, a dissolved hydrogen concentrations (DH) of NHE water was drastically declined from 1.1 to 0.5 ppm, but settled to 0.3-0.4 ppm until 180 s, upon static holding without gargling. Thus, NHE water was shown to achieve tumor-preferential growth inhibition and tumor invasion together with scavenging of intracellular oxidants, and is expected as a preventive material against tumor progression and invasion 文中提供了制备中性电解水的装置图，可以供电解水机的厂家参考使用。 Figure 1. A structure of an NHE water production device. (a) Tap water inlet; (b) electrolysis tank equipped with three platinum-plating titanium electrodes; (c) electrolysis gas; (d) electrolytically produced hydrogen gas is collected; (e) high pressure compressed activated carbon block, (f) the hydrogen gas that is dissolved in water is once stored up in a high-pressure compressed activated carbon block; (g) NHE water is taken out. 全文中性电解水
`` 为 了方便本领域的同行随时阅读文献，这里专门整理全部氢分子医学的文献，包括论著、综述和评述，如果有遗漏，请大家提醒我补充，谢谢。适合读者，包括从事自由基化学、生物学的所有人员，对自身和他人健康防护有兴趣的读者。 1. Dole M, Wilson FR, Fife WP.Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer. Science, 1975 ; 190(4210):152-4. pdf 2. Buxton , GV, Greenstock, CL., Helman, W.P. et al. Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem, 1988 ; 513886. pdf 3. Kayar SR, Axley MJ, Homer LD, et al. Hydrogen gas is not oxidized by mammalian tissues under hyperbaric conditions.Undersea Hyperb Med, 1994 ; 21(3):265-75. pdf 4. Gharib B, Hanna S, Abdallahi OM, et al.Anti-inflammatory properties of molecular hydrogen: investigation on parasite-induced liver inflammation.C R Acad Sci III, 2001 ; 324(8):719-24. pdf 5. Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, et al. Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med, 2007 ; 13: 688-94. pdf scopus 6. Katherine C, Wood, Mark T Gladwin. The hydrogen highway to reperfusion therapy. Nat Med, 2007 ; 13: 673-4. pdf 7. Fukuda KI, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2007 ; 361: 670-4 pdf 8. Ball J.Recently published papers: more about EGDT, experimental therapies and some inconvenient truths. Crit Care. 2007 ;11(5):171. pdf review 9. Singhal AB , Lo EH. Advances in emerging nondrug therapies for acute stroke 2007. Stroke. 2008 ; 39(2):289-91. pdf review 10. Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury.Am J Transplant. 2008 ; 8(10):2015-24 pdf 11. Cai JM, Kang ZM, Liu W, et al. Hydrogen therapy reduces apoptosis in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Neurosci lett 2008 ,441(2):167-72 pdf 12. Hayashida K, Sano M, Ohsawa I, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces infarct size in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008 ,373(1):30-5. pdf 13. Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, et al. Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, Nutr. Res, 2008 ,28:137-43 pdf 14. Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, et al. Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008 , 377(4):1195-8 pdf 15. Sato Y, Kajiyama S, Amano A, et al. Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008 ; 375(3):346-50. pdf 16. Rochette Luc, Catherine Vergely. Forgotten Radicals in Biology. Int J Biomed Sci. 2008 ; 4( 4):255-9. pdf review 17. Sun XJ, Zhang JH. Hydrogen-- an endogenous antioxidant in the body. 第二军医大学学报 , 2008 ; 29: 233-5. pdf review 18. Ohta S.Hydrogen gas and hydrogen water act as a therapeutic and preventive antioxidant with a novel concept. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2008 ;45(4):355-62. medline pdf review 19. Nakao A, Sugimoto R, Billiar TR, McCurry KR.Therapeutic antioxidant medical gas. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2009 ;44(1):1-13. pdf review 20. Nagata K, Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mikami T, et al. Consumption of Molecular Hydrogen Prevents the Stress-Induced Impairments in Hippocampus-Dependent Learning Tasks during Chronic Physical Restraint in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009 ; 34(2):501-8. pdf 21. Cai JM, Kang ZM, Liu K, et al. Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen saline in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Brain Res. 2009 ;1256:129-37. pdf 22. Nakashima -Kamimura N, Mori T, Ohsawa I, Asoh S, Ohta S.Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice.Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 ; 64(4):753-61. pdf 23. Zheng XF, Mao YF, Cai JM , Li YH, Liu WW, Sun PL, Zhang JH, Sun XJ, Yuan.HB Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects against Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats Free Radical Res. 2009 ; 43(5):478-84. pdf 24. Fu Y, Ito M, Fujita Y, et al. Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinsons disease. Neurosci lett. 2009 ; 453(2):81-5. pdf 25. Matchett GA, Fathali N, Hasegawa Y, et al. Hydrogen gas is ineffective in moderate and severe neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat models.Brain Res. 2009 ; 1259:90-7 . pdf 26. Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM , et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2009 ; 381(4):602-5 . pdf 27. Akito Shimouchi, Kazutoshi Nose, Makoto Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Ishiguro Takaharu Kondo. Breath Hydrogen Produced by Ingestion of Commercial Hydrogen Water and Milk.Biomarker Insights 2009 :4 27-32. pdf 28. Kikkawa YS, Nakagawa T, Horie RT, Ito J.Hydrogen protects auditory hair cells from free radicals.Neuroreport. 2009 ;20(7):689-94. pdf 29. Suzuki Y, Sano M, Hayashida K, Ohsawa I, Ohta S, Fukuda K. Are the effects of -glucosidase inhibitors on cardiovascular events related to elevated levels of hydrogen gas in the gastrointestinal tract? FEBS Lett. 2009 ; 583(13):2157-9. pdf 30. Kajiya M, Sato K, Silva MJ, Ouhara K, Do PM, Shanmugam KT, Kawai T. Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 ; 386(2):316-21. pdf 31. Kajiya M, Silva MJ, Sato K, Ouhara K, Kawai T. Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009 Aug 14;386(1):11-5. 2009 ; 386(1):11-5. pdf 32. Sun Q, Kang ZM, Cai JM, Liu WW, Liu Y. Zhang JH, Denoblec PJ, Tao HY, Sun XJ.Hydrogen-rich saline protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Exp Biol Med . 2009 ; in press pdf 33. Chen H, Sun YP, Hu PF, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Li Y,Yan RL, Su N, Ruan CP, Sun XJ, Wang Q.The effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the contractile and structural changes of intestine induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res. 2009 ; in press pdf 34. Milton SL.HYDROGEN SALINE A REAL GAS. J Exp Biol . 2009 in press pdf comment to our paper 35. Shimouchi A, Nose K, Takaoka M, Hayashi H, Kondo T.Effect of dietary turmeric on breath hydrogen. Dig Dis Sci . 2009 Aug;54(8):1725-9. Epub 2008 Nov 26 pdf 36. Xu J, Zhou JR, Cai JM, Zhu Z, Sun XJ, Jiang CL.Anti-inflammation effects of hydrogen saline in LPS activated macrophages and carrageenan induced paw oedema. Inflammation Res.2009 in press pdf 37. Itoh T, et al. Molecular hydrogen suppresses Fc RI-mediated signal transduction and preventsdegranulation of mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009. in press pdf 38. Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, et al. Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinsons Disease. PLoS ONE. 2009; 4(9): e7247. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007247 pdf 39. Y. Saitoh, Y. Yoshimura, K. Nakano, N. Miwa.Platinum nanocolloid-supplemented hydrogendissolved water inhibits growth of human tongue carcinoma cells preferentially over normal cells.Experimental Oncology 31, 156162, 2009 pdf 40. Nakao, A, Kaczorowski, D J, Wang, Y, Cardinal, J S, Buchholz, B M, Sugimoto, R, Tobita, K, Lee, S, Toyoda, Y, Billiar, T R, McCurry, K R. Amelioration of rat cardiac cold ischemia/reperfusion injury with inhaled hydrogen or carbon monoxide, or both. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 May;29(5):544-53. Epub 2009 Dec 24. pdf 41. Xie K, Yu Y, Pei Y, Hou L, Chen S, Xiong L, Wang G.. Protective Effects of Hydrogen Gas on Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis via Reducing Oxidative Stress and HMGB1 Release. Shock . 2010 Jul;34(1):90-7. pdf 42. Oharazawa H et al.Rapid Diffusion of Hydrogen Protects the Retina: Administration to the Eye of Hydrogen-Containing Saline in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science 2010 ;51:487-492 pdf 43. Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Cai J. Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radical Res. 2010 ;44:275-82 pdf 44. Cardinal JS, Zhan J, Wang Y, Sugimoto R, Tsung A, McCurry KR, Billiar TR, Nakao A. Oral hydrogen water prevents chronic allograft nephropathy in rats. Kidney Int . 2010 ;77(2):101-9. pdf 45. George JF, Agarwal A.Hydrogen: another gas with therapeutic potential. Kidney Int. 2010 Jan;77(2):85-7. pdf 46. Liu C, Cui JG, Sun Q, Cai JM. Hydrogen therapy may be an effective and specific novel treatment for acute radiation syndrome. Medical Hypotheses . 2010;74: 145-146 pdf 47. Chen H, Sun YP, Li Y, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Fan LY, Sun Q, Sun XJ , Wang Q. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 ; 393:308-13 pdf 48. LI J, WANG C, Zhang JH, CAI JM, CAO YP , SUN XJ. Hydrogen-rich Saline Improves Memory Function in a Rat Model of Amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimers Disease by Reduction of Oxidative Stress.Brain res. 2010 ; pdf 49. Shen MH, Cai JM, Sun Q, He J, Sun XJ, Huo ZL. Hydrogen as a novel and effective treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Medical Hypotheses . 2010 pdf i n press 50. Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N.Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 Mar;46(2):140-9. Epub 2010 Feb 24. pdf 51. Saitoh Y, Harata Y, Mizuhashi F, Nakajima M, Miwa N. Biological safety of neutral-pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water upon mutagenicity, genotoxicity and subchronic oral toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health. 2010 Mar 4. pdf 52. Chen CW, Chen QB, Mao YF, Xu SM, Xia CY, Shi XY, Zhang JH, Yuan HB, Sun XJ. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats.Neurochem Res. 2010 ;in press pdf 53. Liu Q, Shen WF, Sun HY, Fan DF, Nakao A, Cai JM, Yan G, Zhou WP, Shen RX, Yang JM, Sun XJ. Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects against Liver Injury in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice.Liver International 2010 pdf 54. Xie K, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Liu W, Pei Y, Xiong L, Hou L, Wang G. HYDROGEN GAS IMPROVES SURVIVAL RATE AND ORGAN DAMAGE IN ZYMOSAN-INDUCED GENERALIZED INFLAMMATION MODEL. Shock . 2010 Mar 23. pdf 55 . C.H. Chen, M. Anatol, Y. Zhan, W.W. Liu, R.P. Ostrowki, J. Tang, J.H. Zhang. Hydrogen gas reduced acute hyperglycemia-enhanced hemorrhagic transformation in a focal ischemia rat model Neuroscience. 2010 ; In Press, pdf 56 . Nakayama M, Nakano H, Hamada H, Itami N, Nakazawa R, Ito S. A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Apr 12. pdf 57. Zheng J, Liu K, Kang Z, Cai J, Liu W, Xu W, Li R, Tao H, Zhang JH, Sun X . Saturated hydrogen saline protects lung against oxygen toxicity . Undersea Hyperb Med . 2010 ;37(3):185-92 . pdf 58. Shingu C, Koga H, Hagiwara S, Matsumoto S, Goto K, Yokoi I, Noguchi T. Hydrogen-rich saline solution attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Anesth. 2010 May 18. PDF 59 . Gu Y, Huang CS, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Ishida T, Kang KM, Nakao A. Drinking hydrogen water ameliorated cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010 May;46(3):269-76. Epub 2010 Apr 23. pdf web 60. Kitamura A, Kobayashi S, Matsushita T, Fujinawa H, Murase K. Experimental verification of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 2010 Jun;83(990):509-14. pdf 61. Haruhisa Kawasaki, Jianjun Guan, Kenichi Tamama. Hydrogen gas treatment prolongs replicative lifespan of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells in vitro while preserving differentiation and paracrine potentials Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , 2010 pdf 62. Chen QB et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuated neuropathic pain by reducing oxidative stress and BDNF in spinal cord in a chronic constriction injury rat model. Brain res . 2010; 35(7):1111-8 pdf . pdf 63. Huang et al. Hydrogen Gas Inhalation Attenuates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury In Mice. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 2010 ; 181: A3751 ms 64. Ji X, Liu W, Xie K, Liu W, Qu Y, Chao X, Chen T, Zhou J, Fei Z.Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress. Brain res. 2010 pdf l 65. Ueda Y, Nakajima A, Oikawa T. Hydrogen-Related Enhancement of In Vivo Antioxidant Ability in the Brain of Rats Fed Coral Calcium Hydride. Neurochem Res. 2010 Jul 22. pdf 65. Domoki F, Olh O, Zimmermann A, Nmeth I, et al. Hydrogen is neuroprotective and preserves cerebrovascular reactivity in asphyxiated newborn pigs. Pediatric Research. 2010 . pdf 66 . Liu SL, Tao HY, Sun Q, Sun XJ. Oral administration of mannitol may be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Medical Hypotheses. 2010 ; in press pdf pdf 67. Qian LR, li BL, Cao F , Huang YC, Liu SL, Cai JM, Gao F. HYDROGEN-RICH PBS PROTECTS CULTURED HUMAN CELLS FROM IONIZING RADIATION-INDUCED CELLULAR DAMAGE. Nuclear Technology Radiation Protection. 2010 pdf 68. Zhang YF, Sun Q, He B, Xiao J, Wang ZN, Sun XJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. International Journal of Cardiology . 2010 ; pdf 69. Huang CS, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A.Recent advances in hydrogen research as a therapeutic medical gas. Free Radic Res. 2010 Sep;44(9):971-82. pdf review 70. Schoenfeld MP, Ansari RR, Zakrajsek JF, Billiar TR, Toyoda Y, Wink DA, Nakao A Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight. Medical Hypotheses. 2010 ; pdf in press 71. Sun Q, Cai JM, Liu SL, Liu Y, Xu WG, Tao HY, Sun XJ. Hydrogen-rich saline provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury. J Surg Res. 2011 ;165:e43e49 pdf offprint 72 . Kubota M, Shimmura S, Kubota S, Miyashita H, Kato N, Noda K, Ozawa Y, Usui T, Ishida S, Umezawa K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K. Hydrogen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescue oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis in a mouse corneal alkali-burn model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Sep 16. pdf 73. Chen X, et al. Lactulose: an indirect antioxidant ameliorating inflammatory bowel disease by increasing hydrogen production. Medical Hypotheses 2010 pdf1 74. Sun H, Chen L, Zhou W, Hu L, Li L, Tu Q, Chang Y, Liu Q, Sun X, Wu M, Wang H.The Protective Role of Hydrogen -Rich Saline in Experimental Liver Injury in Mice. j hepatology. 2010; pdf 75. Lin Y, Kashio A, Sakamoto T, Suzukawa K, Kakigi A, Yamasoba T. Hydrogen in drinking water attenuates noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Neurosci Let t. 2010; pdf 76. Sun Q, Cai JM,Zhou JR,Tao HY,Zhang JH,Zhang W,Sun XJ. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity . Critical Care Medicine. 2010 in press 77 . Wang F, Yu G, Liu SY, Li JB, Wang JF, Bo LL, Sun XJ, Deng XM. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res.2010; in press 7 8. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, Okumura M, Nakao A, Toyoda Y.Inhaled Hydrogen Gas Therapy for Prevention of Lung Transplant-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplantation. 2010 Nov 2. pdf 79. Li Y, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi N, Kashiwagi T, Komatsu T, Ye J, Teruya K, Abe M, Yan H, Kinjo T, Kabayama S, Kawamura M, Shirahata S.Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cytotechnology. 2010 Nov 10. pdf 80. Yan H, Tian H, Kinjo T, Hamasaki T, Tomimatsu K, Nakamichi N, Teruya K, Kabayama S, Shirahata S. Extension of the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by the use of electrolyzed reduced water. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010 Oct 23;74(10):2011-5. pdf 81. Fang Y. Fu XJ, Gu C, Xu P, Wang Y, Yu WR, Sun Q, Sun XJ, Yao M. Hydrogen-Rich Saline Protects against Acute Lung Injury Induced by Extensive Burn in Rat Model. J Burn Care Res. 82. Qian L, Cao F , Cui J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Chuai Y, Zaho L, Jiang H, Cai J.The potential cardioprotective effects of hydrogen in irradiated mice. J Radiat Res ( Tokyo ). 2010;51(6):741-7 pdf 83 . Huang Y, Xie KL, Li JP, Xu N, Gong G, Wang GL, Yu YH, Dong HL, Xiong LZ. Beneficial Effects of Hydrogen Gas against Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits. Brain res. 2011; in press 84 . Qian LR, Li BL, Cai JM, Gao F. The Hypothesis of an Effective Safe and Novel Radioprotective Agent Hydrogen-rich Solution West Indian Med J. 2010; 59 (2): 122-4 85. Taura A, Kikkawa YS, Nakagawa T, Ito J. Hydrogen protects vestibular hair cells from free radicals. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2010;563:95-100. pdf 86 . Zhu WJ et al. Intake of water with high levels of dissolved hydrogen (H2) suppresses ischemia-induced cardio-renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2010) doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq727 pdf 87 . Liu SL, Liu K, Sun Q, Liu WW, Xu WG, Denoble P, Tao HY, Sun XJ. Consumption of hydrogen water reduces paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011; 88. Hong Y, Chen S, Zhang JM. Hydrogen as a Selective Antioxidant: a Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies.J Int Med Res. 2010; 38: 1893-1903 pdf 氢气生物学导读
题目如何翻译请多指教。 这是发表在实验生物学上的一篇评论性文章，是对我们首次发表使用氢气盐水治疗疾病的，给我们的评价比较高，我们认为是比较客观。毕竟 真金不怕火炼。 HYDROGEN SALINE A REAL GAS 网上全文： First published online July 17, 2009 Journal of Experimental Biology 212, v-a (2009) Copyright 2009 The Company of Biologists Limited doi: 10.1242/jeb.021592 This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Google Scholar Articles by Milton, S. L. PubMed Articles by Milton, S. L. Social Bookmarking What's this? Outside JEB HYDROGEN SALINE A REAL GAS Sarah L. Milton Florida Atlantic University smilton@fau.edu
标签: 氢分子医学
