朗道、栗弗席兹《理论物理学教程》第9卷 《统计物理学Ⅱ（凝聚态理论）》 Amazon英文版书评，由网友翻译，转帖至此 这是关于朗道理论物理教程第九卷的书评。 整部教程简洁明了，对于任何想要做理论物理的人来说学习这十卷教程都很有意义。 本书从正常费米液体和费米气体出发，其中包括了一个关于零声（零声主要以以下事实区别于normal sound:当温度低于一个转变温度时，声速会由于在转变温度附近的吸收率升高而有一个微小的增加）的不错的讨论。然后介绍零温费米系统的格林函数和它们的费曼图表示。 接下来进入玻色液体和玻色气体的内容。这意味着我们需要研究超流的性质，包括了准粒子（声子和旋子）和量子涡丝。这本书展示了如何将格林函数方法应用到玻色液体上。有一节内容讨论了有趣的准粒子蜕变。然后开始介绍有限温度格林函数，用Matsubara算子来降低图的复杂性。 这样就可以进入超导的内容了。这意味着研究Cooper对和超流费米气体，并学习如何将格林函数方法应用其中。当然，为了判断超导体在磁场中且温度接近相变点时的行为，无疑我们还需要学习金兹堡-朗道方程。 还有一章是关于晶格中电子的，包括了德哈斯-范阿尔芬效应（金属磁化率在变化的强磁场下震荡的现象，和电子能级的量子化有关）和电子-声子相互作用。另外，关于磁性的一章也不错。 在序言里，作者声称“我们必须再次强调这本书只是理论物理教程的一部分，而并不想成为一本固体理论的教材。”这不是开玩笑吗？这本书是学习固体物理绝好的途径。 还非常值得一提的是，本书中文版的是由曾在苏联莫斯科大学物理系理论物理教研室任访问学者的东北师大王锡绂老师从俄文版翻译。王锡绂曾任东北师范大学物理系系主任，国家教委教材编审委员和高校理科学科指导委员会委员，曾在苏联莫斯科大学物理系理论物理教研室任访问学者，长期以来，从事理论物理和凝聚态理论的教学及研究工作。因研究生培养中的成绩，荣获1993年度高师院校教师曾宪梓奖（三等）。在杨-Mills场的系数函数方程，高温超导模型理论方面发表原创论文20余篇，编写教材三部《热学基础》(1982)，《理论物理概论》(1996)，《新编量子力学》(2004)年，以上均由东北师范大学出版社出版.重要译著：《物理学中的群论基础》(科学出版社，1982)，《群论与量子力学》(上海科技出版社，1983)，《量子统计力学引论》1992，《统计物理学II》（高等教育出版社,1993中文第一版），《统计物理学II》（高等教育出版社,2008中文第二版） 附原文：5.0 out of 5 stars Green's functions, superfluids, superconductors, magnetism, December 11, 2004 By Jill Malter ( jillmalter@aol.com ) - See all my reviews (TOP 500 REVIEWER) This review is from: Statistical Physics, Part 2: Volume 9 (Course of Theoretical Physics Vol. 9) (Paperback) This review is for Volume 9 of the Landau Course of Theoretical Physics. The whole Course is clear and concise, so it makes sense for anyone who wants to do theoretical physics to go through all ten volumes. We start off with normal Fermi liquids and gases, including a nice discussion of Zero Sound (which is distinguished from normal sound mostly by a slight increase in the sound velocity as one gets colder than a transition temperature, and by increased absorption of sound near the transition temperature). Then we learn about Green's functions in a Fermi system at T = 0 and Feynman diagram representations of them. After that, we study Bose liquids and gases. That means the properties of superfluids, including quasi-particles (phonons and rotons) and quantized vortex filaments. And the book shows how to apply Green's functions to Bose liquids. There's an interesting section on the disintegration of quasi-particles. Next, we're introduced to Green's functions for T 0, using the Matsubara operators to reduce the complexity of the diagrams. And then we're ready to learn about superconductors. That means learning about Cooper pairing and superfluid Fermi gases, and learning how to apply Green's functions to them. And, not surprisingly, we learn the Ginzburg-Landau equations, so that we can determine the behavior of superconductors in magnetic fields in temperature ranges near the transition point. There's also a chapter on electrons in the crystal lattice, including the de Hass-van Alphen effect (which refers to a metal's magnetic susceptibility oscillating as the strength of a strong magnetic field changes - due to the quantization of the energy levels of the electrons) and electron-phonon interactions. And there's a nice chapter on magnetism. In the preface, the authors state "we must again stress that this book is part of a course of theoretical physics and in no way attempts to be a textbook of solid state theory." Are they kidding? This course is an excellent way to learn solid state physics.
标签: 凝聚态理论
