2020元旦献词: 希望 我们不但善于破坏一个旧世界,我们还将善于建设一个新世界。 让公平正义之光照耀每一个人! 由于《科学网》博主**的努力,或许真的看到希望了。 换汤不换药? 换汤,能同时也换些药,就更好了。 古代希腊的一段寓言: “一个农夫在冬天看见一条蛇冻僵着。他很可怜它,便拿来放在自己的胸口上。那蛇受了暖气就苏醒了,等到回复了它的天性,便把它的恩人咬了一口,使他受了致命的伤。农夫临死的时候说:我怜惜恶人,应该受这个恶报!” 相关链接: 同行评议的局限性和改进之策 ,《科技中国》,2019年第十一期pp.34-36,日期:2019-11-19 http://www.casted.org.cn/channel/newsinfo/7562 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1206879.html 2019-12-02, 科技“同行评议”引发美国《大停滞》? http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1208480.html 2019-12-21, 爱因斯坦“奇迹年”的直接原因:没有“同行评议” http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1210941.html 感谢您的指教! 感谢您指正以上任何错误! 感谢您提供更多的相关资料! 盼望: 2018-09-29, 最恐惧:把谬误当成真理 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-107667-1137744.html 我们所努力坚持的,是谬误?还是真理? 最恐惧的是, 把谬误当成真理。 进而真诚地捍卫谬误, 真诚地仇恨真理。 福楼拜说:“ 大地有其边界,人类的愚蠢却没有尽头。 ”Gustave Flaubert wrote that “ Earth has its boundaries, but human stupidity is limitless. ” 爱因斯坦说:“宇宙中唯有两件事物是无限的:那就是宇宙的大小与人的愚蠢。对于前者我并不肯定。 ” ???? 苏格拉底:“ 我唯一知道的,就是我的无知。 ”Socrates, I know that I know nothing. = I know one thing, that I know nothing. 柏拉图:“ 我 - 同样无知 - 不相信 ” “ 不知道自己无知,乃是双倍的无知! ”Plato,On the other hand, I – equally ignorant – do not believe .
作者:舒化鲁 管理就是通过他人做好工作的意志行为。所以,岗位员工管理的目的,也就是企业管理的目的,即让岗位员工完满地履行其职责,最大限度地为企业发展价值的增值和积累努力做贡献。要达成岗位员工管理的目的,也就必须健全企业组织的激励机制,让企业组织的激励机制稳定而自动地作用于岗位员工的行为选择,把他们的意志努力方向诱导到企业发展对他们的要求上来。 企业不是靠一个人作起来的,更不能靠一个人来维持其辉煌。企业组织没有健全的激励机制,员工就没有行为选择的稳定方向。能混,就一定会混;能懒,就一定会懒;能贪,就一定会贪。如果企业处于这样一种境地,老板无论是一个什么样的天才,也难以保证企业有辉煌的明天。所以必须通过激励机制建设,一方面让下属员工看到希望,另一方面又让下属员工明确,希望只有用自己的努力才能变为现实。 因此,在企业组织激励机制建设过程,必须面对的问题有五: A. 下属员工为什么工作热情不高、积极性不大、创造性不强? B. 工资、奖励工资没少发,为什么没有激起下属员工的积极性,相反还引起一些不满情绪? C. 有何对策和方法可提高员工薪酬的激励作用? D. 绩效考核是企业管理的核心工作,如何量化考核,以保证其公正、公平、客观、准确、全面? E. 有何办法可最大限度地增加企业组织的凝聚力和员工的忠诚度? 健全企业组织激励机制,也就是把“奖则赠其的所欲,惩则施其所避”的规则普遍化、持久化、标准化。因此,企业组织激励机制健全,必须事先建立、健全企业组织运行的游戏规则,让员工能根据自己的意志对自己的行为进行选择。但这种选择是有明确的后果相伴随的:其意志行为与企业发展方向吻合,能为企业发展目标的达成有所作为,就一定能获得自己最想满足的价值需求。否则就要剥夺其价值需求满足条件。并且,企业通过制度所确立的游戏规则,还必须让人感到:奖,则奖得动心。让为企业发展努力作贡献的人一定获得充分大的价值需求满足。惩,则惩得痛心,让贪企业便宜,只想捞企业,不想为企业发展有所贡献的人,不仅要吐出贪捞的好处,而且还要让他蒙受比他从企业贪捞到的好处大得多的损失。并且这种奖惩不能仅仅只是体现在经济福利的得和失、大和小上,还必须含盖人们所想望的所有价值需求满足。 因此,企业组织激励机制建设还有四个问题必须回答: A. 在这个企业组织鼓励什么?禁止什么?解答这一问题就是选择确定激励的方向。 B. 如何让员工按照企业组织所鼓励的方向进行行为选择?解答这一问题就是确定激励的途径。 C. 如何保证贡献于企业发展的人能得到应该有的价值需求满足?解答这一问题就是制定具体而明确的正面激励的措施方法。 D. 如何保证犯禁会受到足够大的惩处,使犯禁的收益远远小于这种惩处带来的损失?解答这一问题就是制定具体而明确的负激励措施方法。
2009年8月份过后,南方地区出现 持续干旱少雨天气,造成大批集雨水柜干枯,人畜饮水困难,灾情一直持续到2010年春。 2010年春节前夕,温总理来到 旱情最为严重的 广西河池市东兰县探望受灾群众。 之后他 提笔写下对联“山青水秀生态美,人杰地灵气象新”,横批“日新月异”,鼓励我们要 尊师重教,兴修水利,并 表达对少数民族地区发展的美好愿望。 来源: http://www.ylhcsc.com/ArticleSub.aspx?id=121 东兰县是革命老区,由于石山环抱,自然条件恶劣,各方面发展相对落后。因为东兰县也是我的出生地,我的故乡,因此一直以来都很关注家乡的发展与变化。 近10年来,家乡变化确实很大。 现在基本上连手机信号,网络等都已经能够普及到最边远的山村了。 基础设施方面,如水电路等也一直在逐步改善。 但是,由于边远 山区地区离地表水源较远,地下水埋藏深,因此主要水源还是依靠雨水。 家庭水柜(10-40m 3 不等),地头水柜(40-120m 3 不等)都是 依靠 聚集雨水,从时间和空间上调配水分布的。通畅情况下,南方雨水较丰富,只要一下雨,如果水柜和集雨面等设计的好,很容易就能聚满水。但是,如果长时间持续不下雨,水柜里那点水是支撑不了太久的。 现如今,城镇化快速发展,到底应该让边远山区回归自然,让边远山区的群众搬迁到城市或者城郊来居住,还是应该把水电路等各项基础设施延伸到边远山区去,这个问题一直还在激烈讨论中。 我辈当秉赤子之心,谨遵温总理教诲,关注石山地区水利建设和发展! 附:东兰县介绍 http://baike.baidu.com/view/132580.htm Bear words of Premier Wen and improve the development of mountain areas There was a long dry spell in southern China since August 2009, resulting in a large number of dry reservoirs and tanks and drinking water problems. The disaster lasted until the spring of 2010. Just before Spring Festival of 2010, Premier Wen Jiabao came to Donglan, the worst drought County in Hechi City of Guangxi Province to visit the affected people. After that, he wrote the couplets, in Chinese “山青水秀生态美,人杰地灵气象新”,横批“日新月异”,which reflects his compliments on local ecological beauty and his wishes and encouragements to local people to respect education and to promote water conservation to fight against the natural disasters. Source: http://www.ylhcsc.com/ArticleSub.aspx?id=121 Donglan is one of the most famous revolutionary base areas in China, surrounded by rocky hills. Due to harsh natural conditions, the development of Donglan is relatively slow. Because Donglan is also my birthplace, my hometown, I always concern about the development and changes of my hometown. In the past 10 years, there were dramatic changes in my hometown. The internet, telephone have covered the most regions, even in the remote mountainous villages. Infrastructure such as drinking water, irrgation, electricity and road have also been improved grreatly. However, since the distance between surface water and remote mountainous areas is rather far and local groundwater level is very high, the main water sources highly depend on rainfall. Drinking water tank (ranging between 10-40m 3 ), irrigation water tank (40-120m 3 ) are all relying on rainwater. The tanks are used to adjust the water distribution in space and time. In most case, with abundant rainfall in the south, well designed tanks can eaily be filled by harvested rainwater. However, if it does not rain for a long period of time, the water in the small tanks can not last for too long. Today, under rapid development of urbanization, how to better serve poeple in the remote mountainous areas become an important issue under intensive debate. Should local people move out remote mountainous area, go to live and work in the urban area and return those remote mountainous areas to nature, or the infastructure needs to be extended to the remote mountainous area? Young generations should keep in mind the words of Premier Wen and work hard to improve the development of mountain areas! Appendix: Introduction of Donglan http://baike.baidu.com/view/132580.htm
October 11, 2010 I just had a meeting with Treasury Secretary财政部长 Tim Geithner, Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood, and governors州长 like Ed Rendell, mayors市长 like Antonio Villaraigosa, and economists and engineers工程师 from across the country全国 to discuss one of Americas greatest challenges : our crumbling破烂 infrastructure基础设施 and the urgent need to put Americans back to work upgrading更新 it for the 21st century. Were also joined today by two former原先 Transportation Secretaries of both political parties: Sam Skinner, who served under President George H.W. Bush老布什; and Norm Mineta, who served in the Cabinets内阁 of both President Clinton and President George W. Bush. Theyre here today because they are passionate关心 about this task. Their cooperation - and indeed, this countrys very history全部历史 - proves that this is something for which there has traditionally been broad bipartisan support. So Sam and Norm have been leading a bipartisan两党的 group of more than 80 experts专家 who, just last week, released a call to action demanding a fundamental overhaul根本的改革 of how America approaches解决 funding and building our infrastructure. And today, my Treasury Department and my Council of Economic Advisors have released our own study. And these reports confirm what any American can already tell you: our infrastructure is woefully重伤 inefficient and it is outdated过时. For years, we have deferred延迟 tough重大 decisions, and today, our aging老化 system系统 of highways and byways, air routes and rail lines hinder our economic growth. Today, the average American household家庭 is forced to spend more on transportation each year than food. Our roads, clogged堵塞 with traffic车流, cost us $80 billion a year in lost productivity and wasted fuel. Our airports, choked拥挤 with passengers, cost nearly $10 billion a year in productivity losses from flight delays. And in some cases, our crumbling infrastructure costs American lives.破烂的基础设施带来美国人民生命的损失。 It should not take another collapsing bridge or failing levee堤坝溃决 to shock us into action. So were already paying for付出代价 our failure to act. And whats more, the longer our infrastructure erodes破损, the deeper our competitive edge竞争优势 erodes. Other nations understand this. They are going all-in全力. Today, as a percentage of GDP, we invest less than half of what Russia does in their infrastructure, less than one-third of what Western Europe does. Right now, Chinas building hundreds of thousands of miles of new roads. Over the next 10 years, it plans to build dozens of new airports. Over the next 20, it could build as many as 170 new mass transit systems. Everywhere else, theyre thinking big. Theyre creating jobs today, but theyre also playing to win tomorrow. So the bottom line is our shortsightedness has come due. We can no longer afford to sit still静坐. What we need is a smart system of infrastructure equal to the needs of the 21st century. A system that encourages sustainable communities with easier access出入 to our jobs, to our schools, to our homes. A system that decreases travel time and increases mobility. A system that cuts congestion堵塞 and ups productivity. A system that reduces harmful emissions over time and creates jobs right now. So weve already begun on this task. The Recovery Act included the most serious investment in our infrastructure since President Eisenhower built the Interstate Highway System in the 1950s. And were not just talking new and restored roads and bridges and dams and levees, but were also talking a smart electric grid电网 and the high-speed internet and rail lines required for America to compete in the 21st century economy. Were talking about investments with impacts both immediate and lasting. Tens of thousands of projects employing hundreds of thousands of workers are already underway across America. Were improving 40,000 miles of road, and rebuilding water and sewer排水 systems. Were implementing a smarter, more stable, more secure electric grid across 46 states that will increase access to renewable sources of energy and cut costs for customers. Were moving forward with projects that connect communities城镇 across the country to broadband internet, and connect 31 states via经过 a true high-speed rail network. And whats more, a great many of these projects are coming in under budget. By investing in these projects, weve already created hundreds of thousands of jobs. But the fact remains that nearly one in five construction workers is still unemployed and needs a job. And that makes absolutely no sense at a time when there is so much of America that needs rebuilding. So thats why, last month, I announced a new plan for upgrading Americas roads, rails and runways机场跑道 for the long-term. Over the next six years, we will rebuild 150,000 miles of our roads -- enough to circle the world six times. We will lay and maintain 4,000 miles of our railways -- enough to stretch from coast to coast. 美国东西海岸And we will restore 150 miles of runways and advance a next generation air-traffic control system that reduces delays for the American people. This plan will be fully paid for. It will not add to our deficit over time. And we are going to work with Congress to see to that. It will establish an infrastructure bank to leverage federal dollars and focus on the smartest investments. We want to cut waste and bureaucracy by consolidating and collapsing合一 more than 100 different, often duplicative programs. And it will change the way Washington works by reforming the federal governments patchwork approach of funding and maintaining our infrastructure. Weve got to focus less on wasteful earmarks, outdated formulas. Weve got to focus more on competition and innovation; less on shortsighted political priorities, and more on our national economic priorities. So investing in our infrastructure is something that members of both political parties have always supported. Its something that groups ranging from the Chamber of Commerce to the AFL-CIO support today. And by making these investments across the country, we wont just make our economy run better over the long haul -- we will create good, middle-class jobs right now. So there is no reason why we cant do this. There is no reason why the worlds best infrastructure should lie beyond our borders. This is America. Weve always had the best infrastructure. This is work that needs to be done. There are workers who are ready to do it. All we need is the political will. This is a season for choices, and this is the choice: between choice -- between decline and prosperity, and between the past and the future. Our future has never been predestined. It has been built on the hard work and sacrifices of previous generations. They invested yesterday for what we have today. Thats how we built canals, and railroads, and highways, and ports that allowed our economy to grow by leaps and bounds跃进. Thats how we led the world in the pursuit of new technologies and innovations. Thats what allowed us to build the middle class and lead the global economy in the 20th century. And if were going to lead it in the 21st, thats the vision we cant afford to lose sight of right now. Thats the challenge thats fallen to this generation. Thats the challenge that this country is going to meet. And with the help of these gentlemen behind me, and I hope strong bipartisan support, I have no doubt that we will meet these challenges. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2010/10/11/remarks-president-rebuilding-americas-infrastructure Figure from the CEA/ Treasury report, Average Household Expenditures, 2008 , is below. It speaks volumes: http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/10/11/president-infrastructure-investment-work-needs-be-done-there-are-workers-who-are-rea