http://aclweb.org/anthology/docs/mtcl.html#2600 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics This listing is reproduced by permission from the Machine Translation Archive for the benefit of the computational linguistics community. To the Machine Translation Archive Home Page » Toggle Table of Contents 1968 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 1 and 2, March and June 1968, published July 1970 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 3 and 4, September and December 1968, published October 1970 1967 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 10, Numbers 1 and 2, March and June 1967, published January 1968 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 10, Numbers 3 and 4, September and December 1967, published Februray 1969 1966 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1966, published June 1966 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 9, Number 2, June 1966, published January 1967 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 9, Numbers 3 and 4, September and December 1966, published March 1967 1965 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 8, Number 2, February 1965, published April 1965 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 8, Numbers 3 and 4, June and October 1965, published October 1965 1964 Mechanical Translation, Volume 8, Number 1, August 1964, published August 1964 1963 Mechanical Translation, Volume 7, Number 2, August 1963, published September 1963 1962 Mechanical Translation, Volume 7, Number 1, July 1962, published July 1962 1961 Mechanical Translation, Volume 6, November 1961, published December 1961 1958 Mechanical Translation, Volume 5, Number 1, July 1958, published December 1958 Mechanical Translation, Volume 5, Number 2, September 1958, published July 1959 Mechanical Translation, Volume 5, Number 3, December 1958, published March 1960 1957 Mechanical Translation, Volume 4, Number 1-2, November 1957, published March 1958 Mechanical Translation, Volume 4, Number 3, December 1957, published July 1958 1956 Mechanical Translation, Volume 3, Number 1, July 1956, published August 1956 Mechanical Translation, Volume 3, Number 2, November 1956, published March 1957 Mechanical Translation, Volume 3, Number 3, December 1956, published August 1957 1955 Mechanical Translation, Volume 2, Number 1, July 1955 Mechanical Translation, Volume 2, Number 2, November 1955, published December 1955 Mechanical Translation, Volume 2, Number 3, December 1955, published April 1956 1954 Mechanical Translation, Volume 1, Number 1, March 1954 Mechanical Translation, Volume 1, Number 2, August 1954 Mechanical Translation, Volume 1, Number 3, December 1954 Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 1 and 2, March and June 1968, published July 1970 p.1-13 : Robert F. Simmons; John F. Burger A semantic analyzer for English sentences p.14-21 : A. Ljudskanov Is the generally accepted strategy of machine-translation research optimal? p.22-31 : Julie Beth Lovins Development of a stemming algorithm p.32-57 : Itiroo Sakai Some mathematical aspects of syntactic description Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 3 and 4, September and December 1968, published October 1970 p.59-72 : Yorick Wilks On-line semantic analysis of English texts p.73-74 : Joseph E. Grimes; John R. Alsop; and Alan Wares Computer backup for field work in phonology p.75-77 : David Woodhouse A note on the translation of Swahili into English p.78-88 : P. W. Culicover Paraphrase generation and information retrieval from stored text p.89-102 : D. Kathryn Weintraub The English relative clause Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 10, Numbers 1 and 2, March and June 1967, published January 1968 p.1-10 : David B. Orr; Victor H. Small Comprehensibility of machine-aided translations of Russian scientific documents p.11-17 : Henrik Birnbaum Some notes on Russian predicative infinitives in automatic translation p.18-25 : L. L. Earl; B. V. Bhimani; R. P. Mitchell Statistics of operationally defined homonyms of elementary words p.26-37 : John M. Dolan A note on Quine's theory of radical translation Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 10, Numbers 3 and 4, September and December 1967, published Februray 1969 p.39-52 : Robert M. Schwarcz Steps toward a model of linguistic performance: a preliminary sketch p.53-67 : Lois L. Earl Automatic determination of parts of speech of English words p.68-84 : James Gough On the German locative: a study in symbols Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics, Volume 9, Number 1, March 1966, published June 1966 p.2-3 : Paul L. Garvin Some comments on algorithm and grammar in the automatic parsing of natural languages p.4-9 : Jane Robinson Endocentric constructions in the Cocke parsing logic p.10-14 : Wayne A. Lea The
2013年10月出版的最新一期“ Drug Discovery Today ”包括广告共计132页，其中刊登了13篇论文，但是最精彩的论文包括： Bioreactors as in vitro models Inhibitors of protein-protein interactions database Treating mitrochondrial DNA with deoxyribonucleoside Chikungunya virus: antiviral development and challenge 更多信息请浏览：The latest issue of Drug Discovery Today is packed full of industry focused research articles, new developments in drug discovery, and expert comment and opinion. View Drug Discovery Today now »» Remember - reading and downloading Drug Discovery Today is easy and free - you can access the issue at: http://e-ditionsbyfry.com/olive/ODE/DDT/Default.aspx?href=DDT/2013/10/01 Enjoy your digital edition!
最近一篇关于利用 " d igital epi d emiology"（不知道怎么翻译才贴切）的方法研究H7N9的工作发表在新英格兰医学杂志上（很牛逼的期刊）。 Influenza A (H7N9) and the Importance of Digital Epidemiology Marcel Salathé, Ph.D., Clark C. Freifeld, M.S., Sumiko R. Mekaru, D.V.M., Anna F. Tomasulo, M.P.H., and John S. Brownstein, Ph.D. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:401-404 下面是关于这篇文章的新闻采访： Tracking outbreaks an d epi d emics through " d igital epi d emiology" http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/tracking-outbreaks-and-epidemics-through-digital-epidemiology By Katrina Voss, for Penn State Science News While public health officials aroun d the worl d are on alert about the pan d emic potential of new d isease threats, a team that inclu d es Penn State University biologist Marcel Salathé is d eveloping innovative new systems an d techniques to track the sprea d of infectious d iseases, with the help of news websites, blogs, an d social me d ia. An article by Salathé an d colleagues from the Harvar d Me d ical School, publishe d in the early online issue of the New Englan d Journal of Me d icine on 3 July 2013, d escribes the a d vantages an d challenges of " d igital epi d emiology" -- a new fiel d of increasing importance for tracking infectious d isease outbreaks an d epi d emics by leveraging the wi d esprea d use of the Internet an d mobile phones. "In the past year, the worl d has seen an emerging outbreak of two viruses with consi d erable pan d emic potential: Mi d d le East Respiratory Syn d rome Coronavirus an d Avian Influenza A H7N9," Salathé sai d . He explaine d that the former is similar to the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak in 2002 an d 2003 an d has, since 2012, infecte d 64 people, 38 of them fatally. Influenza A H7N9 is a virus that normally circulates in bir d s but has, since the beginning of 2013, infecte d 137 people, 32 of them fatally. " D igital epi d emiology playe d a crucial role in the surveillance of both Mi d d le East Respiratory Syn d rome Coronavirus an d Avian Influenza A H7N9 by enhancing transparency an d helping public health officials to un d erstan d outbreaks more fully. It is clear that the importance of d igital epi d emiology will only increase in the future as more people get mobile access to broa d ban d aroun d the globe," sai d Salathé, who uses d ata from social me d ia in his research to stu d y how sentiments about vaccination sprea d in populations. "With 6.8 billion mobile-phones an d 2.9 billion people online, it's getting increasingly har d for any micro-organism to sprea d un d etecte d for long." Salathé also sai d he pre d icts that d igital epi d emiology will not be limite d to just infectious d iseases for long. "Mining these novel, big- d ata streams is of enormous interest to practically anyone intereste d in health an d d isease," he sai d . "For example, researchers an d public health officials coul d use d ata-mining techniques to d etect a d verse d rug reactions, assess mental d isor d ers, or track health behaviors much faster than they d o with tra d itional metho d s." Salathé a d d e d that he is honore d to have the opportunity to reach such a wi d e au d ience through the New Englan d Journal of Me d icine . "We're hoping to put d igital epi d emiology on the agen d a of every public health agency to com plement their tra d itional efforts to track d iseases an d assess an d mitigate the sprea d of infectious d iseases," he sai d . Marcel Salathé 课题组已经在这方面做了一系列的工作： 1，Salathé M, Bengtsson L, Bodnar TJ, Brewer DD, Brownstein JS, Buckee C, Campbell EM, Cattuto C, Khandelwal S, Mabry PL, Vespignani A Digital Epidemiology PLOS Computational Biology , 8(7): e1002616 (2012) 2， Bodnar TJ, Salathé M. Validating Models for Disease Detection Using Twitter 1st International Workshop on Public Health in the Digital Age: Social Media, Crowdsourcing and Participatory Systems , WWW2013 (2013) 3, Salathé M, Vu DQ, Khandelwal S, Hunter DR The Dynamics of Health Behavior Sentiments on a Large Online Social Network EPJ Data Science , 2:4 (2013) 有兴趣的朋友可以访问他们的网站： http://www.salathegroup.com/
John R. Townshend's New Paper published in IJDE In volume 5, Issue 5, 2012 of the InternationalJournal of Digital Earth, Dr. John R. Townshend, professor and dean of Departmentof Geographical Sciences at Maryland University, published an science paperentitle “Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsatdata: opportunities and challenges” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17538947.2012.713190#preview Dr. Townshend earned his BSc (1967) and PhD (1971) ingeography from University College London. Dr. Townshend has held academicpositions at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, the University ofReading, UK and Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. He also held asenior National Academy of Sciences fellowship at NASA’s Goddard Space FlightCenter. He has held affiliate positions at the University of Maryland’sInstitute for Advanced Computing Studies and the Earth System ScienceInterdisciplinary Center. Check more http://geog.umd.edu/facultyprofile/Townshend/John%20R .
PhD and Yong faculty need the following helps in academic research: 1. style grammar and Language; 2 writing for publication; 3 publishing ethics; 4 research assessment; 5 international digital publishing landscape
虽然这里医生不多，但这篇文章还是有借鉴意义，而且也是发表下个人的感慨。 今天无意间在neurology的网站上看到Resident and Fellow Section 的一篇文章，讲作者在信息时代到来的过程中，逐渐中查阅口袋里的各种手册，到今天充分利用文字、图像、音频、视频资料，各类医学软件的过程中，极大增强了获取最新最权威最详尽医学信息的能力，特别是在需要时实时获取，比如查房时主任问个问题，一时语塞，迅速掏出手机，这时对答案的记忆一定深刻，还有会诊时一时想不起药物的副作用或者剂量，随手打开丁香药物助手，心里那个踏实啊。因此，这篇文章很值得借鉴，其中的个别软件我也试用过，medscape,确实非常方便，医学知识、药物知识很全，信手掂来。另外我们园子的药物助手也很方便，并且功能逐渐强大，感觉有的地方比medscape琮要好。下面是全文 Media and Book Reviews: Introduction: Taking the digital plunge Daniel M. Goldenholz , MD, PhD + Author Affiliations From the Department of Neurology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Daniel Goldenholz, Department of Neurology, UC Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, CA 95817 Goldenholz@alum.bu.edu When I was a medical student, residents would often say—always with an air of confidentiality—“trust me, you'll need it.” Then they would reveal a must-have medical book tucked into the pocket of their white coat. Even back then I shuddered at the idea of carrying all those books. There were so many of them! Even less did I want to use a magnifying glass to read the 2-point font such books typically employ. More than anything, I did not want to waste time searching for information. I wanted it ready at a moment's notice. Many physicians today are blending smartphones, PDAs, laptops, tablets, and e-readers with their clinical practice. Some of us have been doing this from the beginning of our careers, others are just now wondering what the fuss is all about, and some Luddites are stubbornly holding out (though today this requires a conscious decision). So what is all the fuss about? Yes, font sizes are adjustable, 100 textbooks do fit in a shirt pocket, and information is indexed and searchable in seconds. Every day since I was a medical student, I have had at my fingertips a complete dictionary ( Stedman's ), a drug reference (I started with Epocrates ), a couple of internist manuals ( Pocket Medicine: The MGH Handbook of Internal Medicine and Harrison's Manual of Medicine ), and a pediatric reference ( Harriet Lane Handbook ). I realized early on that my electronic reference library represented a different way of doing things because most people at that time were still squinting at tiny printed pages or waiting until after rounds to look for answers to questions that had arisen. And I still work with many attendings who do not use any portable electronic reference device. Often I was the only one who could find answers to clinical questions on the spot, and they were updated answers. But that's old news. The fuss, the one worth talking about, is that not too long ago, the game changed. It changed in 3 ways. First, there is new content. Before we were just putting books into our pockets and then into our PDAs. Now we collect “media” rather than books, and this might include a blend of text, video, audio, Web links, computations, or interactive software. This broader definition puts a wider range of useful tools at our disposal. As a medical student, my PDA held a series of high-quality audio clips demonstrating the different cardiac and pulmonary sounds (provided on an audio CD by Littman with my stethoscope). When I thought I was hearing something abnormal, I would open my PDA and listen to an example, to see if there was a match. As an intern I had an iPhone app (Afib Educator) that played a short video demonstrating for patients what atrial fibrillation looked like on a 3-dimensional heart. Now I keep handy a medical calculator (MedCalc) for things like corrected phenytoin levels, creatinine clearance, and NIH Stroke Scale score. I also keep handy an app for interpreting arterial blood gases (Acid Plus). The second change is that of timing. Staying up to the minute is not only possible but is now expected, and many media offer users the option to auto-update. Drug index apps ( Epocrates , mobileMicromedex , Medscape , mobilePDR ) do this routinely. I have a fun little app called Eponyms that currently has more than 1,700 entries of common and obscure medical eponyms (Have you heard of Gonda's maneuver?) that get updated regularly and automatically. Such systems permit physicians instant access to the same information previously found only in the hands of experts. Finally, the context of the game has changed. It used to be that pocket textbooks served as reminders of facts already known to the owner. It is no longer possible to be the renaissance physician. There are too many details, and the details are constantly changing. Today the goal is to have access to, sometimes for the first time ever, the most updated expert opinions on various subjects. My favorite example is Medscape , a free product available online and as an app. Medscape is continuously updated with peer-reviewed articles on seemingly everything. Whenever we have a clinical question on rounds that is outside the knowledge set of the team, my first move is to check Medscape . Invariably I find something relevant. Many physicians now routinely use the online resource UpToDate , which is a subscription service with a similar aim. Thus, because of content, chronology, and context, we have moved beyond merely collecting books to continuously exchanging ideas based on the latest (and hopefully highest quality) available research, and putting those ideas into clinical practice. We will be changing the name of the Book Reviews section to Media and Book Reviews. This change reflects the paradigm shift that has already happened out there—medical knowledge now comes in all kinds of wrappings. If you are one of the Luddites out there holding on to your printed textbooks in your white coat pocket, it's time to get an app-capable device. Trust me, you'll need it.
I often bring a book or two for long flights. So, I picked up two books at Costco yesterday, "The help," and "The digital photography (Book 1)" by Scott Kelby. Many of my friends love photography, and have invested in decent equipments. I have not, because I have less spare money and lesser spare time. But, I love to take good pictures, even with my simple point-and-shot dCamera. So, how can you take "tack sharp" photos as a pro? (Honest, most photos I saw at the SciNet are NOT "tack sharp" at all.) Here are some tips from a pro on getting tack sharp photos: 1) A decent tripod (cost range: $100-$750) 2) A ballhead ($110-$455) 3) A cable release (forget to bring one? Use a self timer!) 4) Lock the mirror (if you can) 5) Turn OFF vibration reduction (or IS) 6) Shoot at your lens’ sharpest aperture 7) Good lens pay 8) Avoid increasing ISO, even in dim light 9) Zoom in to check sharpness (before you walk away) 10) Sharpening afterward (yes, even pros do that) Ok, all that from Chapter One. Stay tuned.
Why Barnes Noble Is Thumping Borders By Rick Newman, On Monday January 10, 2011, 12:47 pm EST Some corporate battles go on for years, with titans vying for dominance in endurance races where the lead can routinely change hands: Apple v. Microsoft. Dell v. HP. Boeing v. Airbus. But other battles are more like a war of attrition, an all-or-nothing fight with the spoils going to the last man standing. ... Borders, however, is starting to look like the next casualty of the digital revolution. ps. It's sad for me, because I am partly responsible for the outcome. I order most of my books online, and walk to the BN because it's right across the street from me.
CFP: The Electronic Library Special Issue on Multilinguality in Digital Libraries OVERVIEW =========================================================================== This is a fascinating period in the history of library services. For the first time, it is possible to build large, diverse, and universal access library services using collections of digital information and delivering over an information infrastructure at the global scale. This so called digital library brings together researchers and experts from many different disciplines and backgrounds, and enables changes with profound social, organizational and legal implications. Over the past decades, digital libraries have been adopted widely in many areas, and are becoming increasingly complex. They draw on heterogeneous resources, serve diverse user populations, and carry out tasks that are getting more and more complicated. Increasingly, there are demands for multimedia, multicultural, and multilingual digital libraries. Multilingual communication enables the dissemination of information beyond the boundaries of languages. Nearly every sector of our increasingly global economy and culturally diverse society needs to master multilingual communication. On the one hand, digital information has been created in more than one language, and on the other hand, world wide open access has created a large user population with very diverse languages and cultural backgrounds. Studying multilingual technologies and resources, therefore, helps digital library users to search, browse, recognize and use information from sets of multilingual multimedia information objects. The study of multilingual technology has existed for at least 15 years, and many new technologies, such as multilingual information access systems, machine translation systems, multilingual thesaurus, etc., have been developed. However, technology development has not fully solved the technology-related problems, not to mention the communication and society-related issues. For example, no widely-used multilingual information access system is available in most digital libraries. People still mostly search for information within their own language unless searching for academic information. In addition, the laws to govern information in different languages are still far from complete, especially the online copyright law. Languages and societies still feel threatened by certain online efforts, such as the Google Book Search project. We still do not have an effective ontology or metadata scheme, which are very important resources in digital libraries, for online resources in one language, not to mention those in multiple languages. THE SCOPE =========================================================================== We invite submissions exploring various multilingual related issues in all types of digital libraries. This special issue aims to put specific emphasis on examining the recent achievements at the service side, the user side, and the collection development side of multilingual resources and technologies in digital libraries. The topics that we are specifically interested in are: 1. Service side: The current status of multilingual services in digital libraries The legal and copyright issues in multilingual information access Multilingual information services, training and education 2. User side: Digital library users' multilingual demands and requests Human information behavior in multilingual digital libraries Human computer interaction in multilingual digital libraries 3. Collection development side Multilingual resources and technologies for open access Multilingual collection building and evaluation Multilingual Web academic information organization and mining Multilingual generic and domain specific information portal development 4. Support technology Cross language information retrieval and machine translation for digital libraries Multilingual thesaurus, metadata and ontology for digital libraries Multilingual social network analysis and mining for digital libraries Multilingual information visualization for digital libraries Other multilingual information processing technologies for digital libraries However, the solicited papers are not restricted to the topics discussed above. All papers related to multilingual resources and technologies in digital libraries will be considered. HOW TO SUBMIT =========================================================================== Potential authors are asked to submit to the guest editors by email a tentative title and short abstract (which can be revised for the actual submission) to assist in the formation of a panel of appropriate reviewers. Each actual submission of manuscript should note that it is intended for the Special Issue on Electronic Libraries. Submissions to the special issue should follow the journal's formatting guidelines (see http://info.emeraldinsight.com/products/journals/author_guidelines.htm?id=el ), but the manuscript submissions should be sent to the guest editors by email directly. REVIEW PROCESS =========================================================================== Submissions will undergo the normal review process, and will be reviewed by three established researchers selected from a review panel formed for the special issue. Barring unforeseen problems, authors can expect to be notified regarding the review results within three months of submission. GUEST EDITORS =========================================================================== Prof. Daqing He, School of Information Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Email: dah44@pitt.edu Dr. Dan Wu, School of Information Management, Wuhan University Email: woodan@whu.edu.cn IMPORTANT DATES =========================================================================== Deadline for submission of title and abstract: November 1st, 2010 Deadline for paper submissions: December 1st, 2010 Notification to authors: March 1st, 2011 ABOUT THE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY =========================================================================== The Electronic Library is a refereed journal which is devoted to the applications and implications of new information and communication technologies, automation, user interfaces, networks and the Web in all types of libraries, information centers and museums throughout the world. It provides a vehicle for reporting and reviewing the latest research, ongoing developments and hardware and software implementations in today's digital library and information environments in different countries; as well as trends in usability, electronic books and e-readiness. It offers practical advice, useful information and descriptions of specific applications from around the globe. The Electronic Library is indexed and abstracted in Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).
Your Brain on Computers Digital Devices Deprive Brain of Needed Downtime Jim Wilson/The New York Times Rhiana Maidenberg listened to an audio book on her mobile phone while watching television during a recent workout at the University of California, San Francisco’s Mission Bay campus. if($('div.articleSpanImage') != null) { var articleSpanImage = $('div.articleSpanImage') .getElementsByTagName("img") ; var articleSpanImageSrc = articleSpanImage.getAttribute('src'); articleSpanImage.setAttribute('src',"http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/global/backgrounds/transparentBG.gif"); var filter = "progId:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='"+articleSpanImageSrc+"', sizingMethod='scale' )"; articleSpanImage.style.filter = filter; } By MATT RICHTEL Published: August 24, 2010 var articleToolsShareData = {"url":"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/08\/25\/technology\/25brain.html","headline":"Digital Devices Deprive Brain of Needed Downtime","description":"Time without digital input can allow people to learn better or come up with new ideas.","keywords":"Computers and the Internet,Memory,Wireless Communications,Intelligence (IQ),Brain,Smartphones","section":"technology","sub_section":null,"section_display":"Technology","sub_section_display":null,"byline":"By MATT RICHTEL","pubdate":"August 24, 2010","passkey":null}; function getShareURL() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.url); } function getShareHeadline() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.headline); } function getShareDescription() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.description); } function getShareKeywords() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.keywords); } function getShareSection() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.section); } function getShareSubSection() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.sub_section); } function getShareSectionDisplay() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.section_display); } function getShareSubSectionDisplay() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.sub_section_display); } function getShareByline() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.byline); } function getSharePubdate() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.pubdate); } function getSharePasskey() { return encodeURIComponent(articleToolsShareData.passkey); } SAN FRANCISCO — It’s 1 p.m. on a Thursday and Dianne Bates, 40, juggles three screens. She listens to a few songs on her iPod , then taps out a quick e-mail on her iPhone and turns her attention to the high-definition television. Your Brain on Computers Articles in this series examine how a deluge of data can affect the way people think and behave. Previous Articles in the Series Multimedia Interactive Feature The Unplugged Challenge Readers' Comments Share your thoughts. Post a Comment Read All Comments (128) Just another day at the gym. As Ms. Bates multitasks, she is also churning her legs in fast loops on an elliptical machine in a downtown fitness center. She is in good company. In gyms and elsewhere, people use phones and other electronic devices to get work done — and as a reliable antidote to boredom. Cellphones, which in the last few years have become full-fledged computers with high-speed Internet connections, let people relieve the tedium of exercising, the grocery store line, stoplights or lulls in the dinner conversation. The technology makes the tiniest windows of time entertaining, and potentially productive. But scientists point to an unanticipated side effect: when people keep their brains busy with digital input, they are forfeiting downtime that could allow them to better learn and remember information, or come up with new ideas. Ms. Bates, for example, might be clearer-headed if she went for a run outside, away from her devices, research suggests. At the University of California, San Francisco , scientists have found that when rats have a new experience, like exploring an unfamiliar area, their brains show new patterns of activity. But only when the rats take a break from their exploration do they process those patterns in a way that seems to create a persistent memory of the experience. The researchers suspect that the findings also apply to how humans learn. “Almost certainly, downtime lets the brain go over experiences it’s had, solidify them and turn them into permanent long-term memories,” said Loren Frank, assistant professor in the department of physiology at the university, where he specializes in learning and memory. He said he believed that when the brain was constantly stimulated, “you prevent this learning process.” At the University of Michigan , a study found that people learned significantly better after a walk in nature than after a walk in a dense urban environment, suggesting that processing a barrage of information leaves people fatigued. Even though people feel entertained, even relaxed, when they multitask while exercising, or pass a moment at the bus stop by catching a quick video clip, they might be taxing their brains, scientists say. “People think they’re refreshing themselves, but they’re fatiguing themselves,” said Marc Berman, a University of Michigan neuroscientist. Regardless, there is now a whole industry of mobile software developers competing to help people scratch the entertainment itch. Flurry, a company that tracks the use of apps, has found that mobile games are typically played for 6.3 minutes, but that many are played for much shorter intervals. One popular game that involves stacking blocks gets played for 2.2 minutes on average. Today’s game makers are trying to fill small bits of free time, said Sebastien de Halleux, a co-founder of PlayFish, a game company owned by the industry giant Electronic Arts. “Instead of having long relaxing breaks, like taking two hours for lunch, we have a lot of these micro-moments,” he said. Game makers like Electronic Arts, he added, “have reinvented the game experience to fit into micro-moments.” Many business people, of course, have good reason to be constantly checking their phones. But this can take a mental toll. Henry Chen, 26, a self-employed auto mechanic in San Francisco, has mixed feelings about his BlackBerry habits. “I check it a lot, whenever there is downtime,” Mr. Chen said. Moments earlier, he was texting with a friend while he stood in line at a bagel shop; he stopped only when the woman behind the counter interrupted him to ask for his order. Mr. Chen, who recently started his business, doesn’t want to miss a potential customer. Yet he says that since he upgraded his phone a year ago to a feature-rich BlackBerry, he can feel stressed out by what he described as internal pressure to constantly stay in contact. (Page 2 of 2) “It’s become a demand. Not necessarily a demand of the customer, but a demand of my head,” he said. “I told my girlfriend that I’m more tired since I got this thing.” Your Brain on Computers Articles in this series examine how a deluge of data can affect the way people think and behave. Previous Articles in the Series Multimedia Interactive Feature The Unplugged Challenge Readers' Comments Share your thoughts. Post a Comment Read All Comments (128) In the parking lot outside the bagel shop, others were filling up moments with their phones. While Eddie Umadhay, 59, a construction inspector, sat in his car waiting for his wife to grocery shop, he deleted old e-mail while listening to news on the radio. On a bench outside a coffee house, Ossie Gabriel, 44, a nurse practitioner, waited for a friend and checked e-mail “to kill time.” Crossing the street from the grocery store to his car, David Alvarado pushed his 2-year-old daughter in a cart filled with shopping bags, his phone pressed to his ear. He was talking to a colleague about work scheduling, noting that he wanted to steal a moment to make the call between paying for the groceries and driving. “I wanted to take advantage of the little gap,” said Mr. Alvarado, 30, a facilities manager at a community center. For many such people, the little digital asides come on top of heavy use of computers during the day. Take Ms. Bates, the exercising multitasker at the expansive Bakar Fitness and Recreation Center. She wakes up and peeks at her iPhone before she gets out of bed. At her job in advertising, she spends all day in front of her laptop. But, far from wanting a break from screens when she exercises, she says she couldn’t possibly spend 55 minutes on the elliptical machine without “lots of things to do.” This includes relentless channel surfing. “I switch constantly,” she said. “I can’t stand commercials. I have to flip around unless I’m watching ‘Project Runway’ or something I’m really into.” Some researchers say that whatever downside there is to not resting the brain, it pales in comparison to the benefits technology can bring in motivating people to sweat. “Exercise needs to be part of our lives in the sedentary world we’re immersed in. Anything that helps us move is beneficial,” said John J. Ratey, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the Harvard Medical School and author of “Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain.” But all things being equal, Mr. Ratey said, he would prefer to see people do their workouts away from their devices: “There is more bang for your buck doing it outside, for your mood and working memory.” Of the 70 cardio machines on the main floor at Bakar Fitness, 67 have televisions attached. Most of them also have iPod docks and displays showing workout performance, and a few have games, like a rope-climbing machine that shows an animated character climbing the rope while the live human does so too. A few months ago, the cable TV went out and some patrons were apoplectic. “It was an uproar. People said: ‘That’s what we’re paying for,’” said Leeane Jensen, 28, the fitness manager. At least one exerciser has a different take. Two stories up from the main floor, Peter Colley, 23, churns away on one of the several dozen elliptical machines without a TV. Instead, they are bathed in sunlight, looking out onto the pool and palm trees. “I look at the wind on the trees. I watch the swimmers go back and forth,” Mr. Colley said. “I usually come here to clear my head.”
A digital native is a person who is Born Digital , that is one who has grown up with digital technology such as computers , the Internet , mobile phones and MP3s . The term Born Digital was originally coined by blogger Josh Spear and Aaron Dignan (Spear's business partner in Manhattan-based agency Undercurrent. 1 Origins 2 Discourse 3 The Book 4 Recent Mentions 5 Notes 6 External links Digital Native research project
戴小华2008年10月摄于赣南师范学院黄金校区, IPM Scope数码显微摄像头 Photo by Xiaohua Dai with IPM Scope digital micorscope @ Huangjing Campus, GanNan Normal University, Ganzhou, China,October 2008. The IPM Scope combines advanced digital optics and LED lighting in a IPM scouting microscope that fits in the palm of your hand. 40 - 140X (12-140 X for Mega Pixel ) magnification lets you zoom in on the fine details of insects and plant disease symptoms. Place the IPM Scope over the sample, and comfortably view the image right on your computer screen, instead of straining to look into a tiny eyepiece. Capture images, easily add labels, take measurements and even draw right on the live image. More details about IPM Scope @ http://www.specmeters.com/IPM_and_Plant_Health_Tools/IPM_Scope.html IPM Scope结合了电子照相机、精准的光学和LED光源成为一套强力显微镜和影像软体：可用活动的40-140X切换开关來放大植物疾病症兆，害虫或其他裸视无法看清的事物。可轻易地攫取影像、作标定、作测量或什至在影像上作图。只需将IPM Scope放在样品上并在电脑萤幕前舒适地观看影像 更多介绍请参见： http://www.kohsieh.com.tw/PDF_Files/Spectrum/IPM%20%20DM.pdf FIGURES: 1 Citrus Leaf Miner 柑橘潜叶蛾 ( Phyllocnistis citrella ) @ Navel Orange 脐橙 --larva and mine 幼虫和潜道 2Citrus red mite 柑橘红蜘蛛 ( Panonychus citri )
科学技术是柄双刃剑，既能造福人类，也能祸害人类。一个好的科技人员会把技术用在解决人们遇到的困难和问题上，微软研究中心印度分部的Randy Wang选择了运用数字化技术来辅助教育，尤其是偏远地区儿童的教育。我大概看了一下他们的网页，他们的想法好像很简单，就是系统地将优秀教师的课程录像，刻录到DVD上再邮寄到各个学校，这样优秀的师资会被最大地利用。但是如果只让学生看电视，没有足够的课堂互动，效果不会太好。他们的解决办法是充分发挥本地老师的作用，通过暂停录像，提问题的办法加强互动。本地老师通过这样的方式也可以提升业务水平。这样的介绍难免过于简单，详情请访问网址： http://dsh.cs.washington.edu/info/overview.html Randy Wang曾是普林斯顿大学的助教授，为了这一项目于2005年离开生活安逸的美国，去印度工作。因为他在这一项目中的杰出贡献，ACM于2007年授予他Eugene Lawler奖。( http://awards.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=C101177srt=allaw=141ao=LAWLER ) ******************************************************************** Digital StudyHall (DSH) is a research project that seeks to improve education for the poor children in slum and rural schools in India. In a nutshell, think of its technical approach as the educational equivalent of Netflix + YouTube + Kazaa . We digitally record live classes by the best grassroots teachers, transmit them on the Postmanet (effected by DVDs sent in the postal system), collect them in a large distributed database, and distribute them on DVDs to poor rural and slum schools. Education experts and teachers use the system to explore pedagogical approaches involving local teachers actively mediating the video lessons. By harvesting a viral phenomenon of community participation, DSH aims to help train teachers and deliver quality instruction to underprivileged children. The project is a collaboration between computer scientists and education experts. The main aspects of DSH are: A people's database of everything A network of hubs and spokes Mediation-based pedagogy Technology for sharing community-generated video A live deployment of DSH has been operating in India since the summer of 2005. As of spring of 2007, we run pilot hubs in three cities in India (Lucknow, Bangalore, and Pune), covering approximately 30 schools. And during this time, we have accumulated about 550 recordings of lessons in English, math, and science, in Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, and English. We have also started applying the same approach to agriculture extension work ( Digital Green ). Today, DSH is still a young research project, as we continue to work on rigorous evaluations and seek to understand many outstanding questions. We have, however, already seen initial promising signs, and we hope to eventually scale up the system to cover a far greater number of children, contributing toward the Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education.
标签: digital
