According to ionocovalency theory, things exist in harmony of ionic kinetic energy with the covalent environment: Ionocovalency potential = Ionic Kinetic Energy / Covalent Environment, IC = Z*/ r TPP Potential = TPP Power / Universal Value Environment , WTO Potential = WTO Power / non-Universal Value Environment, Non-universal Value Environment, including: State monopoly, Extreme nationalism, Totalitarian, Terrorism . . . . . . ( Yonghe Zhang, American Huilin Institute)
*Propositional* logic concerns the relations of entailment between 'sentences', as in the tautology (p ? q) (p ? q). The 'sentence variables' p and q stand for any grammatically well-formed sentence; however, the theory itself doesn't specify what a grammatically well-formed sentence might be. We could say that propositional logic 'takes sentences for granted' and concentrates on the various relations on and between sentences (negation, conjunction, disjunction, coordination, implication...). *First order logic* or *predicate logic* gives a theory of sentence structure: a well-formed sentence has an object-predicate structure, as in Fa where the predicate F is satisfied by some object a. In the simplest (set-theoretical) understanding, F can be seen as some set, and a names or designates particular, individual member of that set (so, Fa is a *propositional function*). Thus, if Fa is true, we're saying that the set F is non-empty. If we can give 'objects' by names (constants such as a, b, c...), then the veracity of our theory is just a matter of the object named by a having F: imagine that a 'names' Barack Obama, b names Nicolas Sarkozy and that F ranges over tall people. Fa is thus true insofar as Barack Obama satisfies the predicate is tall. We can also give 'objects' not on a one-to-one naming, but as sequences of objects x1,x2...xn such that, for any xk, xk satisfies F: this is an *abstraction* of the propositional function F in Fa. Fx is thus thing that is F or, in set theoretic terms, member of F. Here, I used the expression for any xk, xk satisfies F - the entities over which F ranges are given as a conjunctive sequence Fx1 ? Fx2 ? Fx3 ?...? Fx-n ? Fxn. This is usually given in symbolic logic by an upside-down capital A; as RG no longer allows html posting, I'll give this by #: thus (#x) Fx is read as all x such that x satisfies F. This is UNIVERSAL QUANTIFICATION Thus, (#x) Fx Gx means for any object x, if x is F, then x is G. This could be all unicorns are one-horned horses or Sherlock Holmes lives at 221b Baker Street - a universally quantified expression can be 'true' even though there are no 'real objects' that satisfy it. If, however, we say that SOME thing satisfies F, we're saying that at least one xk in the sequencex1,x2...xn satisfies F. Here, F ranges over a *disjunctive* sequence Fx1 ? Fx2 ? Fx3 ?...? Fx-n ? Fxn. This is usually given in symbolic logic by an backwards capital A; I'll give this by $: thus ($x) Fx is read as some x such that x satisfies F. This is EXISTENTIAL QUANTIFICATION. The distinction between universal and existential quantification is that existential quantification entails *commitment*: ($x) Fx is equivalent to claiming that the 'set' F is non-empty. In philosophical logic, what we hold as existing are those variables that are bound under existential quantification. Thus, our ontological domain is given by the range of the universal quantifier, and our ontology is an interpretation on this domain given by existential quantification.
When I have burnt DVD optical disks using Nero Software which is a famous optical disk-burning software, unfortunately I came across a big single xxx.avi Media file which can't be burnt by ISO format. So as to I tried another file format system called UDF. What'sthe UDF,introduction as follows: Universal Disk Format (UDF) is an implementation of the specification known as ISO/IEC 13346 and ECMA-167 and is an open vendor-neutral file system for computer data storage for a broad range of media. In practice, it has been most widely used for DVDs and newer optical disc formats, supplanting ISO 9660. Due to its design, it is very well suited for incremental updates on both recordable or (re)writable optical media . UDF is developed and maintained by the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA 组织 ). Normally, authoring software will master a UDF file system in a batch process and write it to optical media in a single pass. But when packet writing to rewriteable media, such as CD-RW, UDF allows files to be created, deleted and changed on-disc just as a general-purpose file system would on removable media like floppy disks and flash drives . This is also possible on write-once media, such as CD-R, but in that case the space occupied by the deleted files cannot be reclaimed (and instead becomes inaccessible). Multi-session mastering is also possible in UDF, though some implementations may be unable to read disks with multiple sessions. Universal Disk Format builds are as follows: 1)Plain (Random Read/Write Access). This is the original format supported in all UDF revisions 2)Virtual Allocation Table a.k.a. VAT (Incremental Writing). Used specifically for writing to CD-R and (write-once) media 3)Spared (Limited Random Write Access). Used specifically for writing to CD-RW and DVD-RW (rewritable) media UDF version 1.02 1.50 2.0x 2.50 2.60 Windows XP/Server 2003 yes yes yes no no
Only by promoting Universal Values, andChina can long-term stability. Huilin Remonstrance by Yonghe Zhang Political Education is not a substitute for Universal Morality. Political thought is no substitute for Psychological Science. Political Sensitivity can not replace People-Oriented . Class Analysis does not replace a Harmonious Society.
Huilin Expostulation No universal truth, No China prosperity！ By Yonghe Zhang Hu Yaobang, the form CPC leader, derived the famous universal philosophical thought, The practice is the sole criterion for testing truth , from the idea, No blind faith, only focus on facts. This is the theoretical basis of China 's reform and opening to the outside world. If there is no such a theoretical foundation, who would dare to launch this change and the reform of China 's history? If nobody dared to be put into frying pan, is there a smooth progress in changing of the of China 's destiny? In October 1976, the gang of four was crushed, China faces urgent two Whatevers and mountains of unjust, two major challenges. The two whatevers refers to whatever decisions Chairman Mao made, and we are determined to maintain; whatever instructions Chairman Mao, we always follow. This is the smashing of the Gang of Four, the Hua Guofeng errors made and the implementation of policy. In this field to completely change the decades deep-rooted left in the line of fight, spearheaded the Hu Yaobang. In 1976, after crushing the gang of four the sixth day, Hu Yaobang put forward the three recommendations to Marshal Ye Jianying for recovering the nation: First, stop Deng, people Dashun; 2, injustice a reason, people rejoicing; 3, production severely arrested , popular music bloom. And he conveyed ' ZTE Albert, of people as the las t' to Hua Guofeng, the former CPC leader who was assigned by Ma zedong Since December 1977, Hu Yaobang was the Minister of the Organization Department of CPC Central Committee CPC, he said: If I am not going to be fried in oil, who will? and fearlessly rehabilitated many unjust, saved hundreds of millions of innocent suffering. Rehabilitation work was heavy resistance, especially the two whatevers ideological restraints, to vindicate the work of struggling. Based on the idea, No blind faith, only focus on facts , Hu Yaobang put forward the famous two no matter, directed at the two whatevers and made a tit for tat with the struggle. May 10, 1978, Hu Yaobang, through the theory of dynamic publication he advocated, put forward Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth , this epoch-making theory.
A CALIFORNIA Congressman was seated next to a little girl on the airplane leaving from DALLAS when he turned to her and said, 'Let's talk. I've heard that flights go quicker if you strike up a conversation with your fellow passenger.' The little girl, who had just opened her book, closed it slowly and said to the total stranger, 'What would you like to talk about?' 'Oh, I don't know,' said the congressman. 'How about global warming or universal health care', and he smiles smugly. OK, ' she said. 'Those could be interesting topics. But let me ask you a question first. A horse, a cow, and a deer all eat the same stuff - grass. Yet a deer excretes little pellets, while a cow turns out a flat patty, and a horse produces clumps of dried grass. Why do you suppose that is?' The California legislator, visibly surprised by the little girl's intelligence, thinks about it and says, 'Hmmm, I have no idea.' To which the little girl replies, Do you really feel qualified to discuss global warming or universal health care when you don't know shit?
标签: universal
