研究人员说，抵消年老带来的身体退化的最佳方式是变得活跃。 Researchers say the best way to offset some of the physical costs of aging is by getting active. 研究人员报告说，如果你想避免身体衰老的后果，经常锻炼可能是你的最佳选择。 英格兰伯明翰大学炎症与老龄研究所所长珍妮特·洛德（ Janet Lord ）说：“这些发现否定了年老会使我们更加虚弱的假设。” 在研究中，研究小组调查了 125 名非常活跃的成年骑自行车者，其中 84 名为男性， 41 名为女性，年龄在 55 岁至 79 岁之间。男性必须能够在 6.5小时内骑行62英里，而女性必须能够在5.5小时内骑行37英里。研究人员分析了他们血液中T细胞的标记物，这些T细胞可以帮助免疫系统抵抗感染。 与没有经常锻炼的成年人“对照组”不同，骑自行车的人没有肌肉体积或力量的损失，没有与年龄相关的身体脂肪或胆固醇水平的增加，并且他们的免疫系统也产生了与 20至36岁的年轻人相同的T细胞活性，表明他们的免疫功能类似于强健的年轻人。 男性骑自行车者的睾酮水平也高于“对照组”的男性。 洛德在大学新闻稿中补充道：“我们的研究意味着我们现在有强有力的证据表明，鼓励人们在一生中都经常锻炼是一个可行的解决方案，以解决我们寿命更长但不健康的问题”。 该项研究结果于 3 月 8 日发表在《 Aging Cell （老化的细胞）》杂志上。 同样来自伯明翰大学的研究员 Niharika Arora Duggal 说：“目前社会上流行的观点是老和病必然相伴，人生的第三个阶段只能是某种“忍受”而不是“享受”，我们希望这些发现能够有助于纠正这个错误观点”。 资料来源： Exercisebest option to ward off costs of getting old HealthDay News|March9, 2018 ( https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2018/03/09/Exercise-best-option-to-ward-off-costs-of-getting-old/3501520602378/ ) More information The U.S. National Institute on Aging has more about exercise and physical activity . P.S. 本博文同步发布在我的微信公众号： yanjx-45， 公众号 名称“ 独轮车上的博导 ” 。欢迎访问和关注。
科研人员揭示免疫细胞消灭肿瘤细胞的原理 2012年1月18号《今日医学新闻》报道： http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/240425.php Researchers Elucidate Mechanism By Which Immune Cells Destroy Cancer Cells In the treatment of large tumors, how effective is adoptive T cell therapy in comparison to drug-based cancer treatment? To answer this question, Dr. Kathleen Anders and Professor Thomas Blankenstein of the Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch and researchers of the Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Cancer Center in Duarte, California, USA designed and carried out a study comparing the two methods. Based on a mouse cancer model, the researchers elucidated the mechanisms of the two different treatments. The researchers showed that both forms of therapy are highly effective against large tumors. However, the T cells not only kill cancer cells - they additionally destroy the tumor blood vessel system, thus impeding the supply of nutrients to the tumor. Consequently, quasi as a side effect, "escapee" mutant tumor cells are eradicated that have become resistant to drug-based treatment and are responsible for tumor recurrence. The researchers hope that their insights in defining optimal conditions for T cell therapy may help improve future clinical trials and thus the treatment of cancer patients*. The researchers transplanted tumor cells into mice that express SV40 large T antigen (Tag), the oncogene that is critical for tumor growth. The researchers were thus able to target and inactivate the oncogene using the antibiotic drug doxycycline (dox), which has an effect similar to modern drugs currently in clinical use. Since the oncogene is also present as antigen on the surface of the tumor cells, the researchers were also able to target these tumors with oncogene-specific T cells. Thus, for the first time the effect of the two completely different therapy approaches could be compared directly with each other. Moreover, a special feature of the study was that the tumors in the mice were large - bigger than one centimeter and containing about one billion cancer cells, comparable to clinical-size tumors in patients. Only then, according to the researchers, is the development of the tumor tissue (tumor stroma), which also includes the tumor vasculature, complete. The tumor is then considered "established". The aim of tumor therapy is to kill all cancer cells to prevent the recurrence of cancer disease. The researchers showed in mice that the tumor is destroyed by the drug-mediated inactivation of the oncogene, but that the tumor vasculature and thus the blood supply of the tumor remains intact. In addition, due to a high mutation rate, some cancer cells become resistant to the drug and quickly generate new tumors despite continual administration of the anti-cancer drug. Adoptive T-cell therapy, the researchers noted, is more effective in the mice in the long term, because it destroys the blood supply of the tumor. In addition, it evidently intercepts cancer cells that have altered their characteristics via mutations and thus escape drug treatment. In adoptive T-cell therapy, the researchers modulate the cytotoxic T cells (immune cells toxic for the cell) in the test tube in such a way that the T cells recognize certain features on the surface of cancer cells and specifically destroy the tumor cells. Then these primed immune cells are transferred back into the mice. The researchers point out that techniques to produce highly specialized T cells against human tumors have recently been developed following previous studies by Professor Blankenstein's research group. Now it will be important to determine exactly how these immune cells can be used in future clinical trials.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)病的通常只能进行骨髓移植。但最近一项新的进展可能实现通过改造病人的T细胞来实现治愈CLL病。 U Penn的肿瘤学家 David Porter 通过病毒载体改造使得T细胞识别CD19，这是一种CLL的特异抗原，同时表达一些刺激因子使得这些T细胞能够在体内进行繁殖。这些改造好的细胞经过体外繁殖后输回三个病人体内，结果效果非常好，其中两个人完全清除了癌细胞，第三个人也有很好的治疗效果。 这种疗法明显的副作用就是正常的B细胞也会表达CD19，所以也会被这种T细胞杀掉，但是在给病人输入了抗体之后，对病人健康并没有什么影响。 研究结果发表在 New England Journal of Medicine 和 Science Translational Medicine。
标签: T细胞
