J.C.Fothergill在2007年固体电介质国际会议上提出的关于电介质的10个要解决的难题，我想进入21世纪的第二个十年，这十个问题将是电介质研究的热点，也是电介质发展的动力所在。 1.老化的效应似乎的确可以感受到，但什么事电-热老化的直接证据？ 2.和劣化、击穿一样，老化也可以有各种各样的机理。在这些机理中，是否存在着老化发生的临界电场或电压？ 3.如果这样的临界电场确实存在，那么它和空间电荷开始呈现非线性增加的阙值电场是否是同一个？ 4.应用中的绝缘系统老化状态应该是什么样的技术手段来检测？ 5.我们能够解释观察到的空间电荷特性并且预测新系统中它的出现？ 6.如何通过制造、维护和运行技术控制绝缘结构中的空间电荷？ 7.纳米粒子周围相互作用区的介电本质是什么？ 8.作用区的厚度是什么？它是如何形成的？ 9.电荷包仅仅是一种学术奇葩么？ 10.为什么聚合物的力学性能比电气性能更容易理解？ 原文： 1. The effects of ageing do seem to be felt but what direct evidence is there for thermo-electric ageing? The changes in nano-void number and sizes cited here was the result of difficult experimental work but was still not very conclusive, particularly as the specimens were thermally aged as well as electrically aged. 2. There may be different mechanisms of ageing, just as there are different mechanisms of degradation and breakdown. Is there a critical field or voltage for ageing to occur in these mechanisms? 3. If such a critical field exists, then is this the same as the threshold field (measured fairly easily) at which the space charge starts to increase non-linearly? 4. What would be appropriate techniques for checking the state of ageing of systems in service? (Space charge, EL, dielectric spectroscopy?) 5. To explain observed space charge behaviour and (even better) to predict it for a new system should be a goal. But is this possible given the number of variables? We haven't been able to do this for conthe last century. 6. If this is not possible, what techniques could we use to control it? Techniques hereinclude the manufacturing, maintenance and operation of the insulating system. 7. What is the dielectric nature of the interaction zone around nano-particles - accepting this may be material dependent? 8. What is the thickness of the interaction zones and the layers that they comprise? 9. Are charge packets just an academic curiosity? 10. Why do the mechanical properties of polymers seem to be better understood than the electrical properties? 参考文献： 刘英 曹晓珑 徐曼. 电介质几个基础问题的研究进展 . 第十一届全国工程电介质学术会议论文集 pp.30-36 Fothergill, J C. Ageing, Space Charge and Nanodielectrics: Ten Things We Don't Know About Dielectrics Solid Dielectrics, 2007. ICSD '07. IEEE International Conference on
标签: 难题
