有些诗，语言平易，却回味无穷。我喜欢这样的诗， Whos Who 就是一例。特别诗英文诗，语言太丰富就超出了欣赏范围了。 Whos Who 这首十四行诗的上阕平平常常。穷孩子，苦出身，凭自己的奋斗成了大牛人。学界、政界、政界这样的人都不少。她们既通宵达旦工作，也劳逸结合。当然，还有常人的弱点，为爱而泪如雨下。 下阕峰回路转，突然写名人的妻子，平平常常的女人，平平淡淡的生活，包括娴熟的料理家务，而且也知书达理，能给名人回些信。足以使该诗不朽的，大概只有两处，一处是名人对妻子的态度， sigh ，换成 long, yearn 甚至 grief ，都不妥，因为思念之外还有可能表达 weariness 或 relief 的意思。另处是妻子对名人的态度， kept none ，对名人的信，回复如仪，但都没保存。 名人在 sigh 什么？通常的理解自然是思念，也符合中国 糟糠 之妻不下堂的古训，名人在私生活领域也是道德楷模。但想到 贵易交，富易妻 的说法，难道就没有厌倦或遗憾？甚至是不在身边的解脱？ 妻子如何看名人？至少是相当淡漠，不然不会连信都不保存。即使不作为人手稿，毕竟也是丈夫家书，家书抵万金。莫非她也陌上忽见杨柳色，悔教夫婿觅封候？除了家务，就是休闲，也是种令现代繁忙的都市人向往的田园生活，只是日复一日，年复一年，是否也会无聊？ 附： Whos Who Wystan Hugh Auden A shilling life will give you all the facts: How Father beat him, how he ran away, What were the struggles of his youth, what acts Made him the greatest figure of his day; Of how he fought, fished, hunted, worked all night, Though giddy, climbed new mountains; named a sea; Some of the last researchers even write Love made him weep his pints like you and me. With all his honours on, he sighed for one Who, say astonished critics, lived at home; Did little jobs about the house with skill And nothing else; could whistle; would sit still Or potter round the garden; answered some Of his long marvellous letters but kept none. 摘自 Selected Readings in English Literature 3, pages184-185
英汉诗歌翻译欣赏 Motto Sander Petrofi All other things above Are liberty and love; Life would I gladly tender For love : yet joyfully Would love itself surrender For liberty. Version 1 Version 2 自由，爱情 生命诚可贵，爱情价更高。 我的全部憧憬！ 若为自由故，二者皆可抛。 作为爱情的代价我不惜 殷夫译 付出生命， 但为了自由啊，我甘愿 付出爱情。 飞白译 英译汉部分 Translated by Bi h ng ( 毕谹 ) (1) To Eletra 有赠 Robert Herrick (1591-1674) 罗伯特赫里克 赫里克性豪放，不拘拘于绳墨。而衣食驱人，去南杜文郡任教区牧师，日以宣扬教义为事，遂终老于是乡。然究其内心，未尝不神驰于美人鱼酒店中之高谈纵论时也。赫里克终身未娶。乡园寥廓，居尝与豕羊为邻，鸡鹅作侣。时复徜徉（ changyang ）于山水之间，与大自然狎。挹（ yi ）其生趣，发为小诗，颇清婉可诵。若《折蕊辞》与《有赠》，皆其选也。赫氏集中亦多精雕细镂之作。人或私议之曰：此乃氏早年尝从事于制作金饰之故，则谑而虐矣。 I dare not ask a kiss, 不敢吻朱唇， 不敢乞浅笑， I dare not beg a smile, 但恐笑吻后， 我心生怠傲。 Lest having that, or this, I might grow proud the while. No, no, the utmost share 我心无奢求， 至多只一缕： Of my desire shall be 愿言吻轻风， 轻风甫吻汝。 Only to kiss that air That lately kissed thee. 译后记：情而入痴，每涉痴想。所愿或差近事理，或纯属幻念。然其出诸衷肠，源于心灵则一也。 （ 2 ） Love Songs 情歌 Robert Burns (1759-1796) 罗伯特彭斯 凡民间歌谣，辄为感于哀乐，缘事而发，出于肺腑，动人心魄。其言儿女之情者，奔放坦率，绝无隐饰，如汉乐府歌辞《上邪》云：上邪！我欲与君相知，长命无绝衰。山无陵，江水为竭，冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝！何其坚决乃尔！彭斯《我爱》一诗，源于民歌，故其真挚热烈，亦仿佛似之也。彭斯者，苏格兰农家子。苏格兰故为歌谣之乡，彭斯常撷其菁华，予以整理，或据原本而进行改写，或依旧曲而自制新词。注重声韵，善用方言。且关心时政，抨击邪恶；宣扬民主，鼓吹独立；又不仅若《我爱》之专尚爱情而已也。是篇曼殊上人昔曾译以五言。其后以新体重译者，不一而足，且有佳构。余稿为早年试笔，原应弃置。今乃仍予录存，诚如《典论论文》所谓家有敝帚，亨之千金者矣。彭斯又有情诗曰 《吉恩》，亦复韵致缠绵，感情强烈，语简而意长，因一并译之。 A. My Luve O my Luves like a red, red rose Thats newly sprung in June: O my Luves like the melodie Thats sweetly playd in tune. A Red,Red Rose 我爱 一朵红红的玫瑰 （毕 谹 译） 袁可嘉译 孙梁校 我爱如玫瑰，六月红蕾姣。 啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰， 我爱如乐曲，妙奏声袅袅。 在六月里苞放； 啊，我爱人象一支乐曲， 乐声美妙、悠扬。 As fair art thou, my bonnie lass, So deep in luve am I: And I will luve thee still, my dear, Till a the seas gang dry: 爱卿无限深，如卿绝世妍。 你那么美，漂亮的姑娘， 直至海水枯，此爱永绵绵。 我爱你那么深切； 我会永远爱你，亲爱的， 一直到四海涸竭。 Till a the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi the sun; I will luve thee still, my dear, While the sands o life shall run. 直至海水枯，炎阳熔岩石。 直到四海涸竭，亲爱的， 但教一息存，爱卿无终极。 直到太阳把岩石消熔！ 我会永远爱你，亲爱的， 只要生命无穷。 And fare thee weel, my only Luve! And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho it were ten thousand mile. 离别只暂时，善保千金躯。 再见吧，我唯一的爱人， 终当复归来，万里度若飞。 再见吧，小别片刻！ 我会回来的，我的爱人， 即使万里相隔！ B. Jean 吉恩 Of a the airts the wind can blaw I dearly like the West, For there the bonnie lassie lives, The lassie I loe best: Theres wild woods grow, and rivers row, And mony a hill between; But day and night my fancys flight Is ever wi my Jean. 清风四面来，我最爱西方。 西方有佳人，情深不能忘。 林密河流广，连绵隔重冈。 心魂日夜驰，长在吉恩旁。 I see her in the dewy flowers, I see her sweet and fair: I hear her in the tunefu birds, I hear her charm the air: Theres not a bonnie flower that springs But by fountain, shaw, or green, There not a bonnie bird that sings But minds me omy Jean. 露滴芳蕊开，见伊容色鲜。 春禽婉转啼，闻伊歌缠绵。 清泉流汩汩，树丛草芊芊。（ qian ） 花香鸟语处，总念吉恩妍。 译后记：情诗之源自民间者，常直而近，出于文士者，多婉而深，中外皆然。 （ 3 ） I Travelld Among Unknown Men 独在异乡为异客 I Travelld among unknown men In lands beyond the sea; 独在异乡为异客，茫茫人海寄浮萍。 Nor, England did I know till then What love I bore to thee. 此时方识家山好，祖国一声无限情。 Tis past, that melancholy dream! Nor will I quit thy shore 旧梦已逝勿复论，悲怀遣尽爱心存。 A second time; for still I seem To love thee more and more. 海滨不再轻离别，倍觉可亲是国门。 Among thy mountains did I feel The joy of my desire; 磴绕山环记此家，个中岁月乐无涯。 And she I cherishd turnd her wheel Beside an English fire. 炉边坐傍故园火，心上伊人摇纺车。 Thy mornings showd, thy nights conceald The bowers where Lucy playd; 暮霭朝霞掩复开，回光空照旧楼台。 And thine too is the last green field That Lucys eyes surveyd. 伤心原上青青草， 曾伺芳卿一顾来。 （ 4 ） On His Seventy-fifth Birthday 述怀 Walter savage Landor (1775-1864) 沃尔特萨维奇兰多 世传兰多性褊（ bian ）急，辄与人忤，而所遇亦辄左。家本富裕，因鬻（ yu; 卖）祖产得巨赀，乃以争讼及挥霍，遂尽丧其所有。旋复为其子女所摈，愤而索居于埃文郡之巴斯，凡二十余载，至时赖挚友勃郎宁之周济以生。晚岁以避讼事，远走意大利而卒。兰多有文名，不以诗著，然其抒情之作，亦颇有足取者，是诗为其耄年自寿之什，称述好尚，故示闲适。然仍好用争字，虽言不争，似犹未能忘情于争也。 I strove with none, for none was worth my strife; Nature I loved, and, next to Nature, Art; 与人无所争，谁堪与我伦。 自然心所爱，艺术亦可亲。 I warmed both hands before the fire of life; It sinks, and I am ready to depart. 面对生命火，双手暖如春。 火冷我将逝，怡然谢世尘。 (6) She Is Not Fair to Outward View 伊人 Hartley Coleridge (1796-1849) 哈特利柯尔律治 作者为湖畔诗人塞缪尔泰勒柯尔律治之长子，亦善诗如其父而风格殊不类。其十四行诗奔放不羁，以此著称。然富于才而未能慎于行。尝以放浪失牛津大学奖学金，至不克竟其业。为杂志撰稿，亦以无恒心而无以自显，回乡郁郁而殁。其诗只零星见于选本，亦良可慨矣。 She is not fair to outward view 伊人初睹非殊色， As many maidens be; 未如众女逞婵娟。 Her loveliness I never knew 可人怜处不曾识， Until she smiled on me. 直至顾我一嫣然。 O then I saw her eye was bright, 方觉双睛明熠熠， A well of love, a spring of light. 是光之源爱之渊。 But now her looks are coy and cold, 而今眼波何冷怯， To mine they neer reply, 千番注目不回报。 And yet I cease not to behold 却见星眸深深处， The love-light in her eye: 爱意仍然光四照。 Her very frowns are fairer far 纵教双蛾含颦锁， Than smiles of other maidens are. 绝胜众女开颜笑。 （ 7 ） Poems on Slavery 奴役篇 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) 亨利沃兹沃斯朗费罗 世有以朗费罗比于白傅者。其言曰：多产一也，老妪都解二也。白氏赋《春草》云：野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。而朗费罗之《人生颂》则曰：时往沙迹在，人去足痕留。俱有生生不息，薪尽火传之意。虽二人诗论迥异，一主诗歌合为时而作，一言宜以愉悦、鼓舞、教导为先。然朗氏之《奴役篇》七首，抨击时弊，力主废奴，是亦《新乐府》之流亚也。凡所列举，不无可取。盖我人激扬文字，月旦人物，固不宜以偏盖全，亦不妨求同存异。质之识者，未审以为然否？ 2 The Quadroon Girl 混血女 The Slaver in the broad lagoon 奴贩泊舟处， Lay moored with idle sail; 礁湖水浩荡。 He waited for the rising moon 正待晚风来， And for the evening gale. 天际皓月上。 Under the shore his boat was tied, 舟泊礁湖边， And all her listless crew 水手懒无力。 Watched the gray alligator slide 目送灰色鳄， Into the still bayou. 游入沼口侧。 Odours of orange-flowers and spice 橙花杂椒花， Reached them from time to time, 香气阵阵至。 Like the airs that breathing from Paradise 有如天国风， Upon a world of crime. 吹来万恶地。 The Planter, under his roof of thatch, 茅舍农场主， Smoked thoughtfully and slow; 拈烟心犹豫。 The Slavers thumb was on the latch, 奴贩抚门键， He seemed in haste to go. 似欲匆匆去。 He said, My ship at anchor rides 口言礁湖上， In yonder broad lagoon; 我舟正停泊。 I only wait the evening tides 但候夜潮生， And the rising of the moon. 云端见浩魄。 Before them, with her face upraised, 眼前混血女， In timid attitude, 仰面亭亭立。 Like one half curious, half amazed, 楚楚剧可怜， A Quadroon maiden stood. 惊奇又羞涩。 Her eyes were large and full of light, 星眸生光辉， Her arms and neck were bare; 袒露颈与臂。 No garment she wore save a kirtle bright, 罗裙色鲜明， And her own long, raven hair. 秀发长委地。 And on her lips there played a smile 笑意含芳唇， As holy, meek, and faint, 圣洁孰堪比？ As lights in some cathedral aisle 灿灿教堂灯， The features of a saint. 盈盈天仙子。 The soil is barren, the farm is old; 地老田已荒， The thoughtful Planter said; 场主暗自语。 Then looked upon the Slavers gold, 一顾奴贩金， And then upon the maid. 再顾身旁女。 His heart within him was at strife 面临不义财， With such accursed gains; 胸中争持烈。 For he knew whose passions gave her life, 心知女谁生， Whose blood ran in her veins. 女脉流谁血。 But the voice of nature was too weak; 天性声过微， He took the glittering gold! 手攫黄金起。 Then pale as death grew the maidens cheek; 女手冷如冰， Her hands as icy cold. 双颊白似纸。 The Slaver led her from the door, 奴贩执女手， He led her by the hand, 步出大门口。 To be his slave and paramour 迢迢走异乡， In a strange and distant land! 为奴为情妇。 （ 8 ） The Rubaiyat of Omar khayyam (Extract) 莪 默伽亚谟作《鲁拜集》（节选） Edward FitzGerald (1809-1883) 爱德华菲茨杰拉德 莪 默伽亚谟为波斯诗人，其《鲁拜集》成于十一世纪之始，初未为人所识也。至十九世纪中叶，英诗人菲茨杰拉德以清新隽永之笔译之，遂大著于世。伽亚谟所著诗，大致以天地为逆旅，视人物如过客；悼年命之不长，伤欢乐之易逝；敝屐荣华，蔑弃圣哲；纵情诗酒，感怀古今；其中不乏与李白《春夜宴桃李园序》开端数语，有近似之处。而情辞沉郁，韵味悠长，出自胸臆，萦人心肺，则作者与英译者之功力，均不可忽也。余之所译，于词句颇致力于声韵。倘稍有可取，则唯此而已，言之殊可 恧 （ n ǜ；羞惭 ）焉。 20 Ah, my Beloved, fill the Cup that clears 美酒芳卿酌满瓯， To-day of past Regret and future Fears: 为侬消却古今愁。 To-morrow! Why, To-morrow I may be 此身明日知何处？ Myself with Yesterdays Sevn thousand Years. 大限如临土一丘。 28 With them the seed of Wisdom did I sow, 学种智慧树， And with mine own hand wrought to make it grow; 枝叶看葱茏。 And this was all the Harvest that I reapd 所得知何似？ I came like Water, and like Wind I go. 如水复如风。 49 But helpless Pierces of the Game He plays 昼夜一棋局， Upon this Chequer-board of Nights and Days: 我侪皆棋子。 Hither and thither moves, and checks, and slays, 摆布由造化， And one by one back in the Closet lays. 局终归匣里。 52 And that inverted Bowl they call the Sky, 穹宇四垂如覆盆， Whereunder crawling coopd we live and die, 众生扰攘个中存。 Lift not your hands to It for help for It 且休膜拜求天助， As impotently moves as you or I. 天亦徒劳似我人。 （ 9 ） The Eagle 鹰 Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) 艾尔弗泪德丁尼生 鹰为 鸷 （ zhi; 凶猛）禽，威武冠于羽类，我国诗人常喜言之。杜老尝有《姜楚公话鱼鹰》诗云：素练风霜起，苍鹰画作殊。 扌 双身思狡兔，侧目似愁胡。绦镟光堪摘，楹轩势欲呼。何当击凡鸟，毛血洒平芜。状画上之鹰，呼之欲出。西人咏鹰之作，虽有而不多。丁尼生此什，貌其桀骜之态，乃有横绝四海，顾盼生风之致，亦复不同凡响。原诗六行，因以浣溪沙译之。 He clasps the crag with crooked hands; 铁爪如钩扼险磴， Close to the sun in lonely lands, 屹然独立近朝暾 （ tun ；太阳） ， Ringd with the azure world, he stands. 四围天色碧无垠。 The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls; 身下层涛来淼淼， He watches from his mountain walls, 岩端巨眼视瞵瞵， And like a thunderbolt he falls. 迅如霹雳下青云。 （ 10 ） Alligoric Poems 讽谕诗 Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) 艾米莉狄金森 狄金森耽于诗而不欲求知于人，故人亦鲜有知之者。迨及身后，全集既行，声誉日著，衡以诗人之本性，或非其初衷也。狄金森离群索居，涉世不深，与世无争，然以冷眼观世事，每能察秋毫之末。发为短章，遂乃鞭辟入里。如下列二篇，或刺溺于自炫之辈，不惜陷身泥淖。或伤献身美与真理之士，赍（ ji; 怀、抱）志以殁，终其生而湮没不彰。寻其旨趣，亦讽喻诗之流亚也。特表而出之，以见诗人于探索人生与大自然之奥秘而外，固未尝忘情于社会，而其诗歌亦不仅以超乎象外之意境见长而已也。 1 Im Nobody 我乃无名辈 Im nobody, who are you? 我乃无名辈，借问君为谁？ Are you nobody too? 君亦少声誉？彼此一样卑。 Then theres a pair of us. 心照慎勿宣，我侪众人欺。 Dont tell theyd banish us, you know. How dreary to be somebody, 一旦为名人，无聊怎可耐。 How public like a frog 所慕在泥沼，有如青蛙辈。 To tell your name the lifelong June 长夏无休歇，自吹复自擂。 To an admiring bog. ( 泥塘，沼泽 ) 2 I Died for Beauty I died for Beauty but was scarce Adjusted in the Tomb 我为美亡身，入土未移晷。 （ gui ，日影，比喻时光；古代测日影的仪器） When One who died for Truth, was lain 复有后来者，乃为真理死。 In an adjoining Room 同在墓穴中，两室正相迩。 He questioned softly Why I failed? For Beauty, I replied And I for Truth Themselves are one We Brethren, are, He said 低声问死因，我道只为美。 彼言我亦然，捐躯为真理。 二者本无殊，我侪乃兄弟。 And so, as Kinsmen, met a Night We talked between the Rooms Until the Moss had reached our lips And covered up our names 夜台逢亲人，隔室话不止。 直至苔藓生，迤俪遍墓底。 封却唇与吻，复去名和氏。 （ 11 ） Rain 雨 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) 罗伯特路易斯史蒂文生 史蒂文生与威廉亨利为知交。亨利尝论之曰：史氏深于情，亦耽于欲。其喜也，如《暴风雨》中之精灵；其哀也，似《哈孟雷特》中之王子；惯于恶作剧，仿佛《仲夏夜之梦》中之顽童；而有时又俨然一加尔文教堂中之教士。如此则史氏诚奇人矣。史氏人奇书亦奇。若《宝岛》上之海盗，性暴而心慈；《化身博士》内之医生，昼善而夜恶。人物跃然纸上，情节诡谲可喜，宜其能脍炙人口也。至其《儿童诗园》，追咏儿时之印象与感情，极为真挚动人，乃诗歌中别开生面之作。兹译其二首，一为《献给母亲》，一即此诗。试用六言，以备一格。 The rain is raining all around, It falls on field and tree, 处处纷纷雨点，蒙蒙树杪田边。（ miao; 树梢） It rains on the umbrellas here, And on the ships at sea. 飘落此间伞顶，飞随海上航船。 （ 12 ） Pictures in the Fire (Extract) 炉中图景 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) 罗伯特路易斯史蒂文生 余之以古今体诗译西诗，至史蒂文生之咏《雨》而自五言至七言已俱备矣。词可存者二首，惟曲则尚付阙如。因取史氏《炉中图景》一篇，摘其首章，译为散曲，以备一格。意近而辞拙，于作者殊有愧焉。 The lamps now glitter down the street: Faintly sound the falling feet; And the blue evening slowly falls About the garden trees and walls. 闪烁街灯点点明，零落步声渐渐轻。园柯与壁瓴（ ling; 盛水的瓶子），苍烟冥冥萦。 （ 13 ） When You Are Old 当汝年老时 William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) 威廉巴特勒叶芝 叶芝邃于诗，亦长于剧，而其致力于斯二者，乃欲以唤起爱尔兰人之民族意识，则叶氏者，诚一杰出之爱国者也。叶氏驰誉文坛，垂数十载，于一九二三年获诺贝尔文学奖金。及谢世，英词林名家艾略特以当代最伟大之诗人称之，其推崇可谓至矣。叶氏待人接物，亦颇饶风趣。美名诗人庞德曾任其秘书，尝言曰：叶芝年四十五，始学击剑，其姿态乃若鲸鱼，有类白痴。又曰：叶氏某日尝以诗示余。余欲阻其发表，乃曰：此垃圾耳！然叶氏仍以付印，而于序中附言云：庞德谓此为垃圾也。观乎此，可以想见其为人矣。此诗淡而有味，言近而意远，从中可以窥见其诗风之一斑。 When you are old and grey and full of sleep, 当汝年老时，昏昏常思睡。 And nodding by the fire, take down this book, 萧疏发已斑，朦胧壁炉次。 And slowly read, and dream of the soft look 取此书徐读，悠悠怀往岁。 Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep: 眼波何温柔，眸影深如黛。 How many loved your moments of glad grace, 多人曾恋汝，芳年好仪态。 And loved your beauty with love false or true; 或真或虚假，喜汝容光丽。 But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you, 有士爱汝诚，拳拳香客意。 And loved the sorrows of your changing face. 颦蹙每无端，常带凄婉味。 And bending down beside the glowing bars 俯身傍炉栅，栅红火方炽。 Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled 黯黯独怆神，喃喃暗思议。 And paced upon the mountains overhead 不知款款情，如何忽远逝。 And hid his face amid a crowd of stars. 漫步众峰巅，掩面群星际。 （14） Like Barley Bending 咏大麦 Sara Teasdale (1884-1933) 萨拉蒂斯代尔 余不善书，而索书者不乏，且常以录所译西诗为请。然余旧译短章，率多哀感顽艳之什。其可置之座右，用以励志者盖寡，辄为之慊然。繇是乃取狄金森之《希望歌》，亨利之《励志篇》及蒂斯代尔之《咏大麦》等章译之，以应所请。得者颇喜之，以其读之能令人奋发也。蒂斯代尔为美国女诗人，名不甚著，而诗则颇有感染力。衡以此篇，可略见一斑矣。 Like barley bending 大麦生海滨，托根低地上。 In low fields by the sea, Singing in hard wind 长日迎疾风，摇曳复吟唱。 Ceaselessly. Like barley bending 我当如大麦，吹弯又仰起。 And rising again. So would I, unbroken, 起自苦痛中，昂然直似矢。 Rise from pain; So would I softly 不问昼和夜，低唱断还续。 Day long, night long, Change my sorrow 将我纡郁情，化作长短曲。 Into song. （15） The Solitary Reaper 孤独的割禾女 William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯 杨德豫译 Behold her, single in the field, 你瞧那孤独的山地少女， Yon solitary Highland Lass! 一个人在田里，割着，唱着； Reaping and singing by herself; 别惊动她呵，快停下脚步， Stop here, or gently pass! 要不就轻轻走过！ Alone she cuts and binds the grain, 她独自收割，独自捆好， And sings a melancholy strain; 唱的是一支幽怨的曲调； O listen! For the Vale profound 你听！这一片清越的音波 Is overflowing with the sound. 已把那深深的山谷淹没。 No Nightingale did ever chaunt 夜莺哪有这样美的歌吟 More welcome notes to weary bands 来安慰那些困乏的旅客 Of travelers in some shady haunt, 当他们找到了栖宿的树荫， Among Arabian sands; 在那阿拉伯大漠？ A voice so thrilling neer was heard 杜鹃的歌喉怎及她宛转 In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, 当它们在春日纵情啼啭， Breaking the silence of the seats 在千里迢迢的赫布里底 ， Among the farthest Hebrides . 啼声划破了海上的岑寂？ Will no one tell me what she sings? 谁能告诉我她唱些什么？ Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow 也许这凄婉的歌声是咏叹 For old, unhappy, far-off things, 古老的、遥远的悲欢离合， And battles long ago; 往昔年代的征战？ Or is it some more humble lay, 要么是一支平凡的曲子， Familiar matter of today? 唱的是当今的寻常琐事？ Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, 常见的痛苦，失意，忧伤， That has been, and may be again? 历来是如此，今后也一样？ Whateer the theme, the Maiden sang 这姑娘，不论唱的是什么， As if her song could have no ending; 仿佛能唱个没完没了； I saw her singing at her work, 只见她一边唱、一边干活， And oer the sickle bending; 弯腰挥动着镰刀； I listend , motionless and still; 我一动不动，悄悄听着； And, as I mounted up the hill, 直到我缓步登上山坡， The music in my heart I bore, 那歌调早已寂无声响， Long after it was heard no more. 却还在心底悠悠回荡。 汉译英部分 以下诗篇译者：王知还 （ 16 ）咏史 （之二） On History 左思 Zuo Si 郁郁涧底松， Luxuriant grow pine trees in the deep ravine; 离离山上苗， On hilltops are saplings, few and far between. 以彼径寸茎， Yet how the inch-thick stems do cast their shade 荫此百尺条。 Athwart the tall trunks of a higher grade! 世胄蹑高位， The titled heirs are highly placed in power, 英俊沉下僚。 The cream of talent sink down lower and lower. 地势使之然， The actual terrains ordained it this way, 由来非一朝。 Its o the fashion not only of a day! （ 17 ）春夜喜雨 The Good Rain Of A Spring Night 杜甫 Du Fu 好雨知时节， The good rain knows its proper time 当春乃发生。 It comes when Springs in full array, 随风潜入夜， Stealing with the wind into the night, 润物细无声。 To moisten things or permeate, In such a coy and noiseless way. 夜径云俱黑， O er all the paths and fields around, 江船火独明。 The black clouds form a glowing Sight, Brightness being seen only on the river boats. 晓看红湿处， At dawn, where wet patches of red 花重锦官城。 Are, I find the City of Brocade 1 Resplendent with flowers dewily- weighed. Note: 1. An ancient small suburb town west of Chengdu , Sichuan Province. The beautiful brocade produced in this ancient town used to be washed in a crystal-clear river nearby, hence the name Brocade City. （18） 赋得古草原送别 Farewell On The Prairie 白居易 Bai Juyi 离离原上草， Lush grass grows on the expansive plain; 一岁一枯荣。 Each year it dries up, then it thrives again. 野火烧不尽， The prairie fires cannot burn it out, 春风吹又生。 Once spring breeze blows, its back and all about, 远方侵古道， Extending far, invading ancient roads, 晴翠接荒城。 Its bright emerald reaching ruined abodes. 又送王孙去， Its seeing a wanderer off once more, 萋萋满别情。 Full of parting melancholy, as of yore . (before) Note Bai Juyi (772-846) was an important poet of the middle period of the Tang Dynasty. His life spanned the reign of 6 emperors a period marked, on the whole, by political deterioration, usurpation of power by eunuchs and intensified exploitation of the peasants. First as a low-ranking local official and then as an advisor-admonisher in the imperial court, still later demoted to local administrative posts, Bai Juyi was torn between his natural sympathy for the people s sufferings and conformity with officialdom required of him. The best of his poetry expresses the former to good effect. （19） 陋室铭 Inscription For My Shabby Hut 刘禹锡 Liu Yuxi 山不在高， Mountains need not always be high, 有仙则名。 Theyre famed if therein fairies abide. 水不在深， Waters need not always be deep, 有龙则灵。 Theyre hallowed 1 where dragons are spied 2 . 斯是陋室， This is a simple, mean abode, 惟吾德馨。 Only my virtue lends it fragrance. 苔痕上阶绿， Moss smears a fringe of green upon The stone steps forming the terrace; 草色入帘青。 And peering through the screen, there throbs The emerald of the lush grass. 谈笑有鸿儒， Great scholars drop in casually, And talk and laugh in abandoned ways; 往来无白丁。 While in this cordial company Nonentities have neer a place. 可以调素琴， The ancient zither we might play, 阅金经。 Or golden-lettered scriptures peruse. 无丝竹之乱耳， No concert bands our ears confuse, 无案牍之劳形。 And no official files await Our tackling to excruciate. ( 使 剧痛 的 ) 南阳诸葛庐， To Zhuges cottage at Nanyang, 西蜀子云亭。 Or Ziyuns pavilion in Sichuan , mine may well be compared. 孔子云： So, as Confucius once had said, 何陋之有？ How could it be considered mean ？ 1. 神圣的； 2. discovered Notes 1. The Chinese character ming ( 铭 )originally means an inscription on a metal slab or an engraving on a sacrificial utensil. Later it became the name of a particular literary genre. 2. Some rare Buddhist Scriptures were written with gold powder mixed with gelatin on dark surfaces. 3. One of the best known great statesmen and military geniuses in Chinese history, Zhuge Liang (A.D. 181-243), helped Liu Bei (A.D. 161- 223) found one of the Three Kingdoms the Shu Kingdom at the end of the Han Dynasty. Before he was persistently sought out and made prime minister by Liu Bei, he had lived in retirement in a simple cottage in Nanyang, now west of Xiangyang , Hubei Province. 4. Ziyun is another name of Yang Xiong (53 B.C. A.D. 18), a great scholar of the West Han Dynasty. For a long time he had confined himself to his simple lodgings in Chengdu , Sichuan , writing an erudite book. The quotation is from The Analects of Confucius. Once when Confucius became unpopular and slighted, he said he would go and settle down in some far-away minority region. Someone suggested that the place would be too shabby and mean to live in, Confucius replied: when inhabited by a (righteous) gentleman, how could it be considered mean? (20) 水调歌头中秋感怀 Ruminations On The Mid-autumn Festival 苏轼 Su Shi (To My Brother Ziyiu) (Tune: Prelude To The Water Melody ) 明月几时有？ O brilliant Moon, since when have you been there? 把酒问青天。 Raising my cup of wine, of Heaven I inquire, 不知天上宫阙， Wondering: at the celestial palace, to what year 今夕是何年？ Does this evening of ours correspond? 我欲乘风归去， I would so Like to go 又恐琼楼玉宇， Astride a wisp of wind, but fear At that height, where the 高处不胜寒。 snow-and-ice palace is, The cold would be too much to 起舞弄清影， stand. Yet rising to dance, enjoying my 何似在人间！ shadows lyric cadences, Being on earth still seems without 转朱阁， compare. Around red gables, into latticed 低绮户， windows peering low, The moon many a sleepless man 照无眠。 would find. 不应有恨， Oh, no grudge you bear us (isnt that so?), 何事偏向别时圆？ Then why, when weve our dear ones left behind, 人有悲欢离合， Should you be so enviably full? 月有阴晴圆缺， O Man has his joys and sorrows, partings and reunions, 此事古难全。 As the moon will fill out or wane, The weather change from fine to 但愿人长久， rain; Through the ages, that has neer 千里共婵娟。 been all perfect and well. Let us pray That we all may Be long hearty-and-hale; Though a thousand miles apart, well fare Well, and of this lunar beauty share. Compare several versions of the first two sentences: Version 1 Bright moon, when was your birth? Winecup in hand, I ask the deep blue sky; 杨宪益，戴乃迭译 Version 2 How long will the full moon appear? Wine cup in hand, I ask the sky. 许渊冲译 Version 3 How rare the moon, so round and clear! Wine cup in hand, I ask of the blue sky. 林语堂译 Version 4 When shall we have a bright moon? Holding up a wine cup I queried the Blue Heaven. 龚景浩译 Notes 1. Su Shi (1036-1101) was the great Song Dynasty poet, essayist, calligrapher and painter. Even during his lifetime, his works were widely acclaimed and coveted. Some were block-printed by friends or carved on stone tablets. A few trickled into Korea and Japan where Su Shi has, to this day, many admirers. His two most popular fu (descriptive prose interspersed with verse) are included in Japanese middle-school text books. 2. This poem was written on the Mid-Autumn Festival of 1076, when Su Shi was ousted from the capital Loyang as a political dissident and demoted to a local administrator, to Mizhou, now Zucheng County in Shandong Province . He had been severed from his brother Ziyiu, also a famous writer, for seven years, which fact, together with the chagrin caused by his political failure, accounts for a hint of sadness and a universal concern in this famous lyric. (21) 饮湖上初晴后雨 To West Lake, Hangzhou 苏轼 Su Shi 水光潋滟晴方好， When sunny, with its waters glittering, full, 山色空蒙雨亦奇。 In beauty consummate appears the lake; 欲把西湖比西子， When it rains, under an ethereal veil, 淡妆浓抹总相宜。 The hills exude a glamour all unique. O, West Lake ! Could it be apt to compare Thee to peerless Xizi Maid of the West Who was always, invariably fair With or without make-up, however drest? (22) 满江红怒发冲冠 Hair On End 岳飞 (Tune: The River All Red ) Yue Fei 怒发冲冠， Hair on end and shoving my hat, 凭栏处， In wrath I lean on thbalustrade, 潇潇雨歇。 While th rain leaves off its 抬望眼， pitter-pat. 仰天长啸， Eyes fixed skyward, I sigh long and 壮怀激烈。 loud. 三十功名尘与土， A heros fury fills my breast, 八千里路云和月。 At thirty, nothing achieved, 莫等闲， unknown, 白了少年头， but these to me are light as dust 空悲切！ Ive fought through eight-thousand li Holding the field, under cloud and moon. What I do mind, is not to let My young head turn white in vain, And be gnawed by empty sorrow then. 靖康耻， With the Jingkang Humiliation 2 yet 犹未雪， Unavenged, unredressed, 臣子恨， How can a subjects grievance be 何时灭！ Ever effaced from memory? 驾长车踏破， Ill send war-chariots rough-shod 贺兰山缺。 Through the gorges of Mt. Helan ; 壮志肌餐胡虏肉， To quench my thirst, Id drink the 笑谈渴饮匈奴血。 blood 待从头， Of Huns, while laugh and chat I 收拾旧山河， can; 朝天阙！ Heroic-minded, to satiate hunger, I would make Tartars flesh my fare. Til our lost land is all retrieved, Then to the Imperial Palace , there Ill make obeisance*, relieved! * 深鞠躬；施敬礼 Notes 1. Yue Fei (1103-1141) is among the most revered and commemorated national heroes in Chinese history. He is chiefly remembered for his unswerving, staunch and successful resistance of the Jin (the N ǚ Zhen nationality) invasions and his tragic end murdered for his very merits. But what is handed down of his poetry can hold its own in the history of Chinese literature, as seen in the instance of this poem. 2. The Jingkang Humiliation refers to the capture of the two emperors Qinzong and Huizong by the Jin invaders in 1127. (23) 示儿 To My Son 陆游 Lu You 死去原知万事空， That after death everything Becomes void, I sure perceive; 但悲不见九州同。 Yet, not to have seen my country Unified is still what makes me grieve. 王师北定中原日， When the Kings northward-bound Army 家祭无忘告乃翁。 The Central Plains does reaquire, In your ancestral sacrifices Forget not to tell your sire! （ 24 ）竹 石 Bamboo Growing Out Of A Rock 郑燮 Zheng Xie 咬定青山不放松， Tenaciously, biting the blue hill, 立根原在破岩中。 Never letting go, 千磨万击还坚劲， Its roots are sunk through the 任尔东西南北风。 deep crack Of a broken rock. Wear and tear, blow after blow, Find it firm and tough still, Regardless of every winds wrath, From the east, west, south or north. Note Zheng Xie (1693-1765) was a prominent painter, calligrapher and poet, and one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou in the Qing Dynasty. A man of great integrity, he scorned the corrupt practices of officialdom, always sympathizing with the people s sufferings. He had served as Chief Magistrate of Fan-County ( 范县 ) and Wei-County （潍县） in Shandong Province. After retirement he made a living by selling his paintings and works of calligraphy. (25) 己亥杂诗 Miscellaneous Poems Written in 1839 2 龚自珍 Gong Zizhen （二） (II) 九州生气恃风雷， On cyclonic storms the vitality 万马齐喑究可哀。 Of our native Nine States 3 我劝天公重抖擞， depends; 不拘一格降人材。 When hordes of horses all mute stay, A sadness on the spirit descends. I would advise the Lord of Heaven His great initiative to renew, And give us men of genius, even Men that accepted mores outgrow. Notes 1. Gong Zizhen (1792-1841), from Zhejiang Province , became a 6 th -grade official during the reign of Qing Xuanzong (1821-1850). He is best known as a progressive thinker, scholar and poet, and a protagonist of reform and change. Patriotic fervour throbs in the best of his poetry. Miscellaneous Poems Written in 1839, from which one is selected here, were composed soon after Gong resigned from his post. He had long resented the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government, yet he still hoped for the best in regard to the welfare of the people, as is evident in these poems. 2. This was written as the poet, on his way home from the capital, passed Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, were the people were just then holding a sacrificial ceremony for the god of thunder and rain. This became an apt opportunity for him to express his suppressed political sentiments apparent in the lines. 3. From the earliest recorded Chinese history, China was divided into nine states. The names differ in various books of different periods. But it has become customary to refer to China as The Nine States . (26) 为了忘却的纪念 Commemoration, In Order To Forget 2 鲁迅 Lu Xun 1 惯于长夜渡春时， Inured to pass my prized springtime 挈妇将雏鬓有丝。 In such long, long nights and dead, 梦里依稀慈母泪， I take with me my wife and child, 城头变幻大王旗。 While with silver my templesre shed. 忍看朋辈成新鬼， In a late dream I dimly find 怒向刀丛觅小诗。 My kind, dear mothers face in tears, 吟罢低眉无写处， When oer the city gate the chieftains 月光如水照缁衣。 Each signal flag in turn appears 3 . And O, how could I bear to see My late friends turned to new ghosts, And myself, in anger, only seek Small poems in groves of bayonets! But, having sung, I lower my brow, Can find nowhere to write it down, With only the white moonlight around, Awash over my black silk gown. Notes 1. Lu Xun (1881-1936) is the most important great thinker, writer and revolutionary of modern China , regarded as an unprecedented national hero by Mao Zedong. Lu Xun s excellent stories and militant essays have been widely translated into foreign languages and become a part of the cultural heritage of the world. 2. In January, 1931, five leftist writers Rou Shi, Li Weisen, Hu Yeping, Yin Fu and Feng Keng were arrested and soon executed by the Kuomintang government. Lu Xun was shocked and indignant, and wrote this poem in commemoration of the martyrs. Referring to Jiang Jieshi s evil doings worked out in Nanjing . (27) 无题 （赠日本友人） To A Japanese Friend, 1932 鲁迅 Lu Xun 血沃中原肥劲草， Where blood has fattened the Central Plain, 寒凝大地发春华。 There tough grass is shooting up again. 英雄多故谋夫病， Though the lands hard-frozen by the cold, 泪洒崇陵噪暮鸦。 Ye spring flowers will still unfold. The heroes are playing many a gimmick, 1 While schemers proclaim themselves sick; 2 And at Suns Mausoleum sad tears are shed, 3 Where homing ravens crow, ready for bed. Notes 1 and 2. Heroes and schemers refer to Jiang Jieshi and Wang Jingwei and their political lackeys. The chief schemers were Hu Hanmin and Wang Jingwei, who at the time declared themselves ill and were actually instigating a division of the K.M.T. 3. Sun Yat-sen s son, Sun Ke, was then being ousted from his post in the Administrative Yuan, and he went and had a good cry at his father s Mausoleum outside of Nanking . (28) 自嘲 Self Derision (Oct. 1932) 鲁迅 Lu Xun 运交华盖欲何求， To what could I aspire, ill-starred as I am? 未敢翻身已碰头。 Ere the tables are turned, Ive knocked my head! 破帽遮颜过闹市， A shabby hat shading my face, 漏船载酒泛中流。 I glide about downtown; 横眉冷对千夫指， Taking wine in a leaky boat, 俯首甘为孺子牛。 Yet I stay firm in midstream 1 . 躲进小楼成一统， Confronting the potentates reproof, ( 君主，统治者 ) 管他冬夏与春秋。 I keep a cold, fierce frown; But, or-like, bowing my head, Ill willingly serve a child. Myselfs own master, inside My small flat I shall hide, Whether it be winter, summer, Autumn, or spring in the wild! Note 1. The Chinese proverb a pillar in midstream implies someone who stays firm as a rock in turbulent times. (29) 沁园春长沙 Changsha* (Tune: Spring In A Pleasure Garden ) 毛泽东 Mao Zedong 独立寒秋， Alone, erect, in the autumn cold, 湘江北去， At the tip of Isle of Orange I stand, 橘子洲头。 While the Xiang River northward 看万山红遍， flows. 层林尽染； Lo! All the thousand hills shine red, 漫江碧透， Each layer of the forests richly dyed. 百舸争流。 The entire stream is sheer emerald, 鹰击长空， Where scores of junks, competing, 鱼翔浅底， speed. 万类霜天竞自由。 The eagle hurls itself against 怅寥廓， The spacious sky; 问苍茫大地， While fish fly oer the shallow 谁主沉浮？ riverbed. All forms of life, in the frosty air, 携来百侣曾游。 For freedom vie. 忆往昔峥嵘岁月绸。 Moved by the vastness of it all, 恰同学少年， I ask the boundless Earth: In whose 风华正茂； Hands rests the fate to rise or fall? 书生意气， 挥斥方遒。 I used to take some scores of friends 指点江山， This scenic spot to see. 激扬文字， How crowded are the eventful years 粪土当年万户侯。 That are wont to flee! 曾记否， Just adolescent schoolboys, all 到中流击水， Of talent blooming to full prime, 浪遏飞舟？ With scholars verve we were headstrong, Denouncing state affairs of the time, Or writing essays pro and con. Lords of ten-thousand-household fiefs Of yore, seemed mere dungdust to us. Remember? swimming midstream once, We struck waves to halt the fleeting skiffs ? Note * Changsha , the capital of Hunan Province . Young Mao Zedong went there to study at the First Normal School from 1914 to 1918. (30) 沁园春雪 Snow (Tune: Spring I A Pleasure Garden ) 毛泽东 Mao Zedong 北国风光， A northern landscape comes into view: 千里冰封， Oer a thousand miles ice fetters all, 万里雪飘。 Oer ten thousand miles snowflakes alight. 望长城内外， Lo! In- and out-side the Great Wall 惟余莽莽； An exclusive, vast expanse of white; 大河上下， And up and down the Yellow River, 顿失滔滔。 Of a suddens ceased the mighty flow. 山舞银蛇， Like silver snakes the mountains roll, 原驰蜡象， And plateaus race like wax elephants, 欲与天公试比高。 Aspiring to vie with Heavens 须晴日， height. 看红装素裹， It takes a clear, fine day to get 分外妖娆。 The snow-wrapped beauty of it all, And feel how superbly it enchants. 江山如此多娇， My country lies so full of charms 引无数英雄竞折腰。 That innumerable heroes have 惜秦皇汉武， sped 略输文采； To make obeisance at her call. 唐宗宋祖， A pity! the Emperor of Qin 稍逊风骚。 And Wudi of Han 1 somehow lacked 一代天骄， Refinement, verse and elegance, 成吉思汗， And Tangzong and Songzu 2 , too, 只识弯弓射大雕。 smacked 俱往矣， Of want of cultural excellence; 数风流人物， And Genghis Khan 3 , the Heaven-sent, 还看今朝。 Pride of his time, knew but to bend His bow at giant eagles on high. But all these have passed away; For great accomplished men, lets syp Among those acting pat today. Notes 1. Emperor of Qin Ying Zheng (159-210 B.C.), was the founder of the first centralized feudal empire in China, after vanquishing one by one the other six of the Warring Nations. Emperor Wu of Han Liu Che (156-87 B.C.), whose reign marked the peak of the Former Han Dynasty s military might, political renovation, economic prosperity and cultural achievements. 2. Tangzong is the abbreviation of Tang Taizong Li Shimin (A.D. 599-649). During his reign there was unprecedented development of social productivity, political stability and relatively peaceful relations with the border minority tribes. Songzu abbreviation of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin (A.D. 927 976) ， founder of the Song Dynasty which put an end to more than 50 years of bloody strife during the Five Dynasties. 3. Genghis Khan (1162-1227), founder of the largest empire in Chinese history, who first unified his Mongolian tribes before conquering the whole of China and then regions as far as Asia Minor and southern Russia. Additional Poems (1) 七律 长征 一九三五年十月 红军不怕远征难， 万水千山只等闲。 五岭逶迤腾细浪， 乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。 金沙水排云崖暖， 大渡桥横铁索寒。 更喜岷山千里雪， 三军过后尽开颜。 The Long March A Qil ǜ Poem The Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, Holding light ten thousand crags and torrents. The Five Ridges wind like gentle ripples And the majestic Wumeng roll by, globules of clay. Warm the steep cliffs lapped by the waters of Golden Sand, Cold the iron chains spanning the Tatu River . Minshans thousand li of snow joyously crossed, The three Armies march on, each face glowing. (2) 念奴娇 昆仑 一九三五年十月 横空出世，莽昆仑，阅尽人间春色。飞起玉龙三百万， * 搅得周天寒彻。夏日消溶，江河横溢，人或为鱼鳖。千秋功罪，谁人曾与评说？ 而今我谓昆仑，不要这高，不要这多雪。安得倚天抽宝剑，把汝裁为三截？一截遗欧，一截赠美，一截还东国。太平世界，环球同此凉热。 * 前人所谓战罢玉龙三百万，败鳞残甲满天飞，说的是飞雪。这里借用一句，说的是雪山。夏日登岷山远望，群山飞舞，一片皆白。老百姓说，当年孙行者过此，都是火焰山，就是他借了芭蕉扇扇灭了火，所以变白了。 Kunlun to the tune of Nian Nu Jiao October 1935 Far above the earth, into the blue, You, wild Kunlun , have seen All that was fairest in the world of men. Your three million white jade dragons in Flight Freeze the sky with piercing cold. In summer days your melting torrents Flood the streams and rivers, Turning men into fish and turtles. Who has passed judgement on the good and ill You have wrought these thousand autumns? To Kunlun now I say, Neither all your height Nor all your snow is needed. Could I but draw my sword oertopping heaven, Id cleave you in three: One piece for Europe , One for America , One to keep in the East. Peace would then reign over the world, The same warmth and cold throughout the globe. 再别康桥 ( 中英文对照 ) Saying Goodbye to Cambridge Again 徐志摩（ 1896-1931 ），浙江海宁人。 1920 年曾留学英国。 1923 年加入新月社，成为新月社诗派的代表诗人。 （摘自 09 年 3 月 6 日 http://bbs.transn.com/viewthread.php?tid=17434 ） 轻轻的我走了， Very quietly I take my leave, 正如我轻轻的来； As quietly as I came here; 我轻轻的招手， Quietly I wave goodbye 作别西天的云彩。 To the rosy clouds in the western sky. 那河畔的金柳， The golden willows by the riverside 是夕阳中的新娘； Are young brides in the setting sun; 波光里的艳影， Their reflections on the shimmering waves 在我的心头荡漾。 Always linger in the depth of my heart. 软泥上的青荇， The floating heart growing in the sludge 油油的在水底招摇； Sways leisurely under the water, 在康桥的柔波里， In the gentle waves of Cambridge, 我甘做一条水草！ I would be a water plant! 那榆荫下的一潭， That pool under the shade of elm trees 不是清泉，是天上虹； Holds not water but the rainbow from the sky; 揉碎在浮藻间， Shattered to pieces among the duck weeds 沉淀着彩虹似的梦。 Is the sediment of a rainbow-like dream. 寻梦？撑一支长篙， To seek a dream? Just to pole a boat upstream 向青草更青处漫溯； To where the green grass is more verdant; 满载一船星辉， Or to have the boat fully loaded with starlight 在星辉斓里放歌。 And sing aloud in the splendour of starlight. 但是我不能放歌， But I cannot sing aloud: 悄悄是别离的笙萧； Quietness is my farewell music; 夏虫也为我沉默， Even summer insects keep silence for me; 沉默是今晚的康桥！ Silent is Cambridge tonight! 悄悄我走了， Very quietly I take my leave, 正如我悄悄的来； As quietly as I came here; 我挥一挥衣袖， Gently I flick my sleeves, 不带走一片云彩。 Not even a wisp of cloud will I bring away.
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