自2019年12月被发现以来,新冠肺炎已迅速在全球造成近50万人死亡。但是关于COVID-19对怀孕的影响的数据有限。本研究回顾了SARS-CoV-2检测阳性的妇女胎盘的病理学发现,作者提出了妊娠期COVID-19的免疫炎症相关性,并综述了肾素-血管紧张素系统在妊娠期COVID-19发病机制中的作用。进一步解释了SARS-CoV2在胎盘中的发病机制,而这将有助于深入了解COVID-19孕妇的潜在治疗干预措施。 根据作者的总结,COVID-19使孕妇及其婴儿的妊娠并发症(如先兆子痫,早产)的风险增加;ACE2介导SARS-CoV-2的进入,其在怀孕期间表达的增加,可能为SARS-CoV2感染提供了有利条件;胎盘绒毛和胎膜中存在病毒表明该病毒可以进入胎盘并可能影响胎儿发育;SARS-CoV-2的垂直传播似乎受到限制,但尚未完全排除。 无论如何,即使没有垂直病毒传播,SARS-CoV-2引起的细胞因子风暴也可能导致孕妇的发病率和死亡率增加,从而有可能对发育中的胎儿和新生儿产生不利影响。怀孕期间疾病的严重程度,感染的时间以及其他潜在疾病也可能影响COVID-19的不良影响。需要确定更好的策略,模型和目标,以减少病毒感染的影响,从而改善母婴结局。 文章以“ SARS-CoV2 and pregnancy: an Invisible enemy? ”为题发表在Wiley旗下期刊 American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 上。 原文链接: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/aji.13308
这个题目咋一看来有点恶心,的确,但这本身就是一个有关“恶心”的话题,难免有点重口味了,看官如有洁癖,好心劝您一句,就此打住不再往下看了…… 去年年末,英国凯特王妃自从确认怀孕后,孕后反应一直非常严重,甚至被迫入院接受治疗,尽管经过医生的处理后“感觉良好”,但出院后孕吐症状仍非常严重,甚至原定的出席影片《霍比特人:意外旅程》的活动也被迫取消。王妃的健康当然牵动着亿万人的神经,沾王妃的光,“孕吐”一词在互联网及其他各种媒体上立时变得炙手可热起来。 孕吐,俗称害喜,中医称为恶阻,是许多孕妇在怀孕初期会经历的一种生理现象,约发生自受孕后第5、6周,但也有更早的,因人而异。因孕吐常在早晨特别明显,所以英语称孕吐为“晨吐(Morning Sickness)”。约50%~80%的孕妇会出现孕吐现象。孕吐往往造成孕妇的身心不适,严重者无法进食和经口补充水分,需要到医院接受治疗,也称妊娠剧吐(hyperemesis gravidarum)或急性孕吐(acute morning sickness)。但遗憾的是,孕吐的原因至今尚无定论。 怀孕,孕吐——看上去有点自相矛盾!在孕妇怀孕早期,成长中的胎儿正需要大量营养物质来培育,孕妇的胃为何会拒绝饮食的摄入呢? 多年来,很多医生将孕吐的发生归罪于孕妇体内激素水平过高,他们认为,这些激素可大大提升孕妇的嗅觉,使其对各种香味异常敏感,故而比怀孕前更容易出现恶心和呕吐症状。也有人认为孕吐是由于孕妇在怀孕期间经常处于低血糖状态所致;还有人认为与孕妇体内缺镁有关。但是,不少学者对上述理论不以为然,认为其不符合进化论的规则,因为孕吐对胎儿的健康并无好处。 上世纪70年代末,科学家提出一个新的理论:孕吐可保护胎儿免受毒素的侵害。1992年Margaret教授证实,孕吐是孕妇适应进化的一部分。2000年,美国康奈尔大学对16个国家和地区的79000位孕妇进行研究,发现65%的孕妇至少对一种食物有厌恶感,其中28%的人无法忍受畜产品(肉、蛋、鱼等),16%的人不愿饮用含咖啡因的饮料,8%的人则对强味蔬菜不感冒(如西兰花)。他们认为,在怀孕期间,孕妇的免疫系统很容易受到外来伤害,潜在的毒素会使孕妇产生恶心感,而将这些毒素吐出,会使宝宝和自身免受伤害。这个理论有什么错误呢?错误如下:首先,孕妇不能吃的这些东西,好多正是医生给她们推荐的高营养饮食(草鸡蛋,含油多的鱼,新鲜的牛肉和羊肉),而这些食物并不含毒!第二,许多孕妇在孕吐期间都在避免进食大量食物,而且食料的选择都很小心,但尽管如此,孕吐依旧。 还有另外一种理论,最近获得了一些关注:美国纽约州立大学阿尔巴尼分校心理学家戈登·盖洛普(Gordon Gallup)认为,孕吐的原因实际上是由精液造成的。因为胎儿的DNA一半来自父亲,母亲的身体对精子中的遗传物质具有本能的排斥反应,把它当作一种异物,从而引发恶心,呕吐。 为了更好地理解这一点,我们需要复习一下母亲体内免疫系统对胎儿的反应。由于胎儿所携带的DNA中有一半来自父亲,母亲在怀孕的最初阶段会将胎儿当作外源性异物或感染源来对待,这种反应会触发母亲的免疫反应,表现为恶心、呕吐、身体不适等症状(又名孕吐)。对于这种因免疫反应而发生的病状,最好的治疗方法是提前让母体接触这种导致免疫反应的病因。也就是说,一个女人在授精受孕前或怀孕早期阶段,如果有更多的机会接触到供精者的精液,那么母体对胎儿体内来自父亲的遗传物质的耐受性就会更强。这种耐受性可以扩展到对胎儿的耐受,达到母体免疫抑制的效果。这样的话,母体就不会再出现过激的免疫反应,孕吐自然也就不明显了。 Gallup对孕吐病因的重新诠释太富有革命性,事实上这一理论还没有来得及进行验证,但即使是这样,他的神奇理论仍然得到很多国际上鼎鼎大名的生殖领域专家的共鸣,这在学术界并不常见。2012年在新罕布什尔州普利茅斯召开的东北地区进化心理学会年会上,Gallup针对孕吐的发病机制提出了一整套明确的预测。首先,他认为孕吐的严重程度与男性供精者有密切关系,风险因素包括使用安全套、人工授精、以及配偶关系不稳定等。研究发现,女性同性恋者因此前很少接触男性的精液,在接受人工授精怀孕后会恶心、呕吐得更为厉害。有着稳定婚姻的女性,因精子均来自同一个男性,随着女性怀孕的次数增加,孕吐反应会越来越轻。相反,一旦更换供精者,则孕吐又会再次卷土重来。 Gallup为此提出一个既雷人又恶心的治疗观点——口交有助于缓解孕吐!这个论点听起来好像是丈夫在哄骗怀孕太太时说的谎,但这却是千真万确的事实!孕吐是女性怀孕时因接触外来物质(精子)所产生的生理反应,以开始怀孕后头三个月最为严重。服用精液借助单纯的“消化过程”,或许能让身体更加习惯接受这种外来物,并对此产生耐受性。因此,孕妇帮自己的那位口交并不是单纯为了迎合伴侣的性需求,而是要让自己在怀孕期间更健康。当然,所吞咽的精子和随后导致怀孕的精子必须确保是来自同一个父亲,这样才会有效。 美国国家生物技术信息中心曾在2000年公布一项调查,其中提到口交可以减少妊娠毒血症(Pre-eclampsia)的发生,这是一种因怀孕而引发的高血压、蛋白尿等综合病症。荷兰莱顿大学医学院Koelman等研究人员发现孕妇口吞精液与孕妇子痫发病率降低有密切关系,由于怀孕与器官移植很类似,因此他们假定,诱导孕妇对于胎儿中父亲来源人白细胞抗原(HLA)分子的耐受性是个关键,其它研究数据也表明,接触尤其是通过口交接触可溶性HLA(sHLA)或者HLA衍生肽能起到免疫耐受的效果。故而,精液中存在的sHLA抗原也可能导致怀孕母体对于父源抗原的耐受力。他们通过酶联法验证了精液中确实存在着假想中的可溶性HLA(sHLA),其水平含量因人而异。初步数据也表明,在患子痫的孕妇中,精液sHLA的水平较对照组的要低。可见,提高孕妇体内精液sHLA的水平,可能是一种有效的提高孕妇对异源抗原耐受性的方法,降低孕妇子痫的发生率【注】。 当然,尽管精液的确是不错的东西,但是由于人们对意外怀孕和性传播疾病有着本能的恐惧,而这大大影响了人们对它的喜爱程度。 【注】 孕妇子痫是指孕妇妊娠晚期或临产时或新产后,眩晕头痛,突然昏不知人,两目上视,手足抽搐,全身强直、少顷即醒,醒后复发,甚至昏迷不醒的疾病,又称“妊娠痫证”。子痫仍然是世界范围内的构成孕产妇生命威胁的常见疾病,在发达国家,子痫发病率大约平均 1/2000 次分娩;子痫患者的死亡率约 1% 。子痫的发病机理可能涉及母体、胎盘和胎儿等多种因素,目前没有任何单一因素能解释子痫发病的病因和机制,但是免疫调节功能异常机制近 十 几年来受到很多重视,该理论认为母体对于父亲来源的胎盘和胎儿抗原的免疫耐受缺失或者失调,是子痫前期病因的重要组成部分。 参考文献: 凯特孕吐仍非常严重 被迫缺席《霍比特人》首映 The REAL Cause Of Morning Sickness Doctor Says Swallowing Sperm Cures Morning Sickness Can Oral Sex Cure Morning Sickness?——Practical advice from a new hypothesis about pregnancy
这项研究的结论来自于鸡的研究,如果人类也是这样,实在恐怖之极。不过,为了宝宝的健康,准爸爸准妈妈们得当心哪! M. Haussmann et al, “Embryonic exposure to corticosterone modifies the juvenile stress response, oxidative stress, and telomere length,” Proc. Royal Soc. B, doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1913, 2011 .
瘦驼 发表于 2010-06-18 10:03 这天晚上,正在埋头写稿子的我被卫生间里传来的惊叫声吓了一跳,心想家里的重点保护对象是不是又目击了什么多毛或多足的小动物。冲进卫生间却只见领导抱着自己那颗日渐圆滚的肚子一脸的欲哭无泪:我长妊娠纹了!我定睛一瞧,领导肚皮上隐隐横着一条红线。哪里是什么妊娠纹,明明是裤带勒出来的痕迹。 为了安抚领导的情绪,赶紧上网搜出真正妊娠纹的图片以正视听,没想到这样做的结果是加剧了领导的恐惧感。我要把妊娠纹消灭在萌芽之前!领导一边狠狠的说一边从抽屉里拿出那瓶价值5块钱一毫升的著名品牌护理油,挤了足有20块钱的量涂在肚子上,看得我不禁浑身肉疼。 科学家有时候也有不那么近人情的一面。2000多年前的古埃及人已经很关注妊娠纹这个话题了。他们不仅描述了妊娠纹这种现象,更记载了当时最常用的防治妊娠纹的方法涂抹乳香树 Boswellia thurifera 的树脂。然而当今的科学家对这件事却缺乏兴趣,与之有关的正经研究实在是太少了。科学家们的冷漠从某种意义上是可以理解的,妊娠纹这种东西完全不会影响人的生理功能,又多生在身体的隐秘部位,我们实在不好意思称之为病。但是看看那瓶据说销量颇大的金油和领导惊恐的小眼神,这事儿真的非同小可。 科学家们在妊娠纹这个问题上是多么的失职?仅从一点上就可以看出来,那就是至今为止我们都不知道妊娠纹发生的原因。当然,它绝非是像很多人想象的那样肚皮撑撑撑撑裂了呗。目前我能找到最早系统对这个问题展开研究的人是澳大利亚医生鲍德温L.O.Poidevin,他在1959年发表于著名的《柳叶刀》上的一篇论文中指出妊娠纹的生长与皮肤伸展没有直接的关系。鲍德温同时认为激素,特别是肾上腺皮质激素在妊娠纹生长的过程中起了重要作用。这个理论看上去有一定的道理,因为肾上腺皮质激素能抑制皮肤中的弹性纤维的生长,并且还能促使弹性纤维的分解,导致皮肤弹性下降。有些人大量使用含有类似于肾上腺皮质激素物质的药膏,或者内分泌失调导致体内皮质激素猛增,都会在体表产生类似妊娠纹的纹路,虽然他们并不会都变得很胖。另外,青春期的孩子身体迅速发育,体表上也有可能出现纹路,这同样跟孩子体内猛增的激素水平有关。在之前的《奶爸日记》里,我提到过怀孕期间准妈妈体内的激素水平可是坐了过山车,她们体内的肾上腺皮质激素的确是增高了。 但是这不能解释虽然妊娠纹发生是很普遍的事儿,但是根据不同的研究,总有那么10%-50%的孕妇并不会被此困扰,也不能解释为啥有的孕妇第一胎没有妊娠纹,而第二次怀孕却惹纹上身。要解开这些谜题,做一番调查,也就是统计学研究是必不可少的。不过实在是有点儿寒碜,与其他医学研究动辄几千上万个样本相比,关于妊娠纹的调查人数最多的还不足200人。尽管人数不多,已有的调查统计还是得出了一些非常有趣的结果。首先与大家预期相符的是,妊娠纹的发生同整个孕期增加的体重密切相关,长肉越多,越可能生纹;其次,妊娠纹的发生同孕妇的年龄密切相关,但结果却让大多数人跌碎眼镜孕妇越年轻,越可能长妊娠纹!原因?对不起,目前科学家对此的解释仍停留在假说阶段。 剩下的结论就不那么言之凿凿了。比如白种人比有色人种更可能长妊娠纹,再比如妊娠纹可能会有遗传倾向。由于统计样本数量太小,这些还都不那么确定。 罗嗦了这么多,孕妈妈们想必已经不耐烦了。是啊,到底该如何对付这可怕的花纹呢?跟我家领导一样,抹油可能是各位的第一选择,什么橄榄油啦,杏仁油啦,可可脂啦。但遗憾的是,给出肯定答案的研究既少又老,最近的研究大都认为抹油或者其他外用保养品对于减少妊娠纹的发生没有什么效果。当我跟领导汇报这一令人沮丧的事实时,领导立即搬出孕婴杂志里那些成功案例给我看,害得我又得给她普及一下随机、对照、双盲这些概念,毕竟有人就是不会长妊娠纹。运动呢?看上去也没什么效果,不过拿这个当借口就偷懒哦,毕竟运动的好处还是大大的。吃猪蹄?倒是有研究认为低蛋白饮食可能会增加发生妊娠纹的可能,从这方面说吃点儿猪蹄增加蛋白质的摄入是件好事,不过要说吃胶原蛋白补胶原蛋白那就纯属胡诌了,因为不管什么蛋白质进到肚子里也会被打碎成一堆没有个性的氨基酸。难道就看不到希望了么?整形医学界倒是做了不少努力来消除已经产生的妊娠纹,什么疤痕切削术啦,射频脉冲染料激光啦。听上去挺吓人,结果倒还不错,比如2007年,整容强国韩国的一些科学家就发现射频脉冲染料激光技术治疗妊娠纹效果不错, 89.2%的患者对总体改观感到满意和非常满意。 1946年,法国人雷亚尔Louis Reard发明了现代比基尼泳衣。1959年6月,澳大利亚医生鲍德温的划时代论文《妊娠纹的组织病理学》Histopathology of Striae Gravidarum在《柳叶刀》杂志发表,揭开了现代妊娠纹问题研究的序幕。同年7月,历史悠久的八卦报纸《纽约邮报》New York Post专门派记者在纽约市周边搜寻比基尼女郎,结果只找到两个。不得不佩服鲍德温医生敏锐的时尚嗅觉和准确的潮流预判。总有一天,丝绸般的妊娠纹也会成为时尚,还有什么比得上成为一名母亲更酷的事情呢? 参考文献 妊娠纹的研究及治疗进展 鲁楠, 李青峰 中国美容医学2008年2月第17卷第2期 Striae gravidarum Sharon A. Salter , Alexa B. Kimball Clinics in Dermatology (2006) 24, 97100 Risk factors for the development of striae gravidarum Hibah Osman, Nelly Rubeiz, Hala Tamim, Anwar H. Nassar Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:62.e1-62.e5. Clinical associations of striae gravidarum R. G. R. THOMAS , A. LISTON Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (April 2004) Vol. 24, No. 3, 270271 Striae Gravidarum Folklore and Fact Diane J. Madlon-Kay Arch Fam Med. 1993;2:507-511 Striae Gravidarum: Associated Factors in Turkish Primiparae Selda Pelin Kartal Durmazlar , Fatma Eskio?lu J Turk Acad Dermatol 2009; 3 (4): 93401a Histopathology of Striae Gravidarum POIDEVIN, L. O. Obstetrical Gynecological Survey: June 1960 Volume 15 Issue 3 ppg 316-317 Striae gravidarum in primiparae G.S.S. Atwal, L.K. Manku, C.E.M. Griffiths ,W. Polson British Journal of Dermatology olume 155 Issue 5, Pages 965 969 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OCCURRENCE OF STRIAE GRAVIDARUM C. M. H. Davey BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology volume 79 Issue 12, Pages 1113 1114 Radiofrequency and 585-nm Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Striae Distensae: A Report of 37 Asian Patients DONG-HYE SUH, KA-YEUN CHANG, HO-CHAN SON, JI-HO RYU, SANG-JUN LEE, KYE-YONG SONG, Dermatologic Surgery Volume 33 Issue 1, Pages 29 34 本文已发《新京报 新知周刊》,发表时有删改
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB08icd7z4bmk78I28I4dI00h01000j100200010 hyperemesis gravidarum 1,326 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 3 4 Top Years Publications 2003 52 2002 50 2006 45 2005 45 2009 44 2008 41 1999 40 2001 40 2004 37 2007 34 2000 34 1992 34 1964 34 1995 33 1994 33 1998 32 1997 31 1963 30 1967 29 1969 24 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 Top Countries Publications USA 197 United Kingdom 91 Japan 48 Turkey 34 Canada 26 Israel 21 Germany 18 Italy 18 Norway 14 Malaysia 12 China 12 France 12 Australia 11 Hong Kong 10 South Korea 9 Netherlands 9 Sweden 8 India 7 Greece 5 Ireland 5 1 2 3 1 2 3 ... 15 Top Cities Publications London 24 Los Angeles 22 Tokyo 17 Toronto 14 Oslo 12 Ankara 12 Boston 11 Kuala Lumpur 10 Hong Kong 10 New Brunswick 7 Houston 7 New York 7 Istanbul 6 Aioi 6 Bristol 6 Seoul 5 Jerusalem 5 Manchester 5 Philadelphia 5 Osaka 5 1 2 3 ... 15 1 2 3 ... 26 Top Journals Publications Am J Obstet Gynecol 52 Obstet Gynecol 48 Zentralbl Gynakol 32 J Reprod Med 26 J Obstet Gynaecol 23 Minerva Ginecol 20 Lancet 18 Int J Gynecol Obstet 18 Acta Obstet Gyn Scan 18 Br J Obstet Gynaecol 18 Akush Ginekol (mosk) 16 Arch Gynecol Obstet 15 Geburtsh Frauenheilk 15 Med Klin 14 Eur J Obstet Gyn R B 13 Jpen-parenter Enter 11 Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 11 Postgrad Med J 10 Am J Perinat 9 J Perinatol 8 1 2 3 ... 26 1 2 3 ... 150 Top Terms Publications Hyperemesis Gravidarum 1,310 Pregnancy 1,150 Humans 1,060 Adult 592 Women 409 Pregnancy Complications 404 Patients 341 Vomiting 208 Pregnant Women 181 female pregnancy 173 Hospitalization 160 Infant, Newborn 158 Hospitals 154 Diagnosis 145 Antiemetics 140 Pregnancy Trimester, First 119 Evaluation Studies as Topic 116 Pre-Eclampsia 113 Serum 107 Adolescent 103 1 2 3 ... 150 1 2 3 ... 159 Top Authors Publications Chin R 16 Goodwin T 13 Jrvinen P 12 Lao T 11 Araki T 9 Panesar N 8 Hershman J 8 Yoneyama Y 7 Suzuki S 7 Ylikorkala O 7 Mestman J 6 Kauppila A 6 Uusp V 6 Omar S 5 Tan P 5 Mnch S 5 Lazarus J 5 Sawa R 5 Magee L 5 Romero R 4 1 2 3 ... 159 相关基因发现 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/umls.cgi?refresh=TID=27597 Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: hyperemesis gravidarum C-query: generations The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 10 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 27597 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 159 terms on the current B-list ( 35 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. Rank Prob B-term 10.83leptin 20.83|--leptin receptor 30.83caga 40.83moyamoya disease 50.81polydactyly 60.81twin 70.81epilepsy 80.80cleft lip 90.78hyperparathyroidism 100.77paraoxonase 110.76diabetes 120.76cag 130.73tsh 140.73obesity 150.73hbs 160.70thyroid peroxidase 170.68sp1 180.67meta 190.66anxiety 200.63cleft 210.62breast cancer 220.62igf i 230.58igf 240.57anorexia 250.56lip 260.54genome 270.52diabetes mellitus 280.51asthma 290.50weight 300.47hydrocephalus 310.46dystonia 320.45obese 330.45cleft palate 340.44coma 350.42live 360.41sex 370.41hip 380.41past 390.39isoform 400.37amylase 410.36leucine aminopeptidase 420.36p6 430.35pilot 440.34death 450.34aminopeptidase 460.33germ 470.33hmo 480.33renal failure 490.3313c 500.31mitochondrial 510.29cytokine 520.28diaphragmatic hernia 530.26b6 540.26adenosine deaminase 550.25mri 560.24insulin growth factor 570.23year 580.22prolactin 590.21aldolase 600.20rh 610.18old 620.16impact 630.16blind 640.15care 650.14term 660.14inositol 670.13cam 680.11ob 690.11pre 700.11b12 710.11insulin 720.11axis 730.11lipase 740.09olfactory 750.09low 760.09male 770.08eat 780.08early 790.07family 800.07node 810.07novel 820.06son 830.06catalase 840.06salt 850.05non 860.05acth 870.05factor i 880.05best 890.04prism 900.04beta chain 910.04b-1 920.04tube 930.03or 940.03gs 950.03fat 960.03peroxidase 970.03growth hormone 980.03cramp 990.03fear 1000.03alkaline phosphatase 1010.02cdc 1020.02b1 1030.02beta subunit 1040.02nervous 1050.02ms 1060.02pain 1070.02large 1080.02phosphatase 1090.02path 1100.01base 1110.01hcg 1120.01silver 1130.01total 1140.01tactile 1150.01secretion 1160.01co 1170.01dehydrogenase 1180.01double 1190.00egg 1200.00lea 1210.00cycle 1220.00limb 1230.00mouth 1240.00port 1250.003d 1260.00fit 1270.00hypertension 1280.00protein 1290.00sand 1300.00receptor 1310.00abnormal 1320.00para 1330.00pc 1340.00safe 1350.00brown 1360.00beta 1370.00section 1380.00cyst 1390.00little 1400.00genesis 1410.00st 1420.00cell 1430.00bridge 1440.00not 1450.00activity 1460.00amp 1470.00lack 1480.00re 1490.00light 1500.00giant 1510.00auto 1520.00going 1530.00man 1540.00phase 1550.00block 1560.00group 1570.00point 1580.00side 1590.00simple Restrict by semantic categories? job id # 27597 started Mon May 3 21:26:01 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 27597 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: hyperemesis gravidarum Mon May 3 21:26:13 2010 A query = hyperemesis gravidarum started Mon May 3 21:26:13 2010 A query resulted in 1326 titles 27597 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: generations Mon May 3 21:26:29 2010 C: generations 100934 A: pubmed_query_A 1326 AC: ( hyperemesis gravidarum ) AND ( generations ) 10 C query = generations started Mon May 3 21:26:29 2010 C query resulted in 50000 titles A AND C query resulted in 10 titles 2746 B-terms ready on Mon May 3 21:29:54 2010 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 159 B-terms left after filter executed Mon May 3 21:32:17 2010 159 B-terms left after filter executed Mon May 3 21:32:18 2010 B-list on Mon May 3 21:32:44 2010 1 leptin 2 leptin receptor 3 caga 4 moyamoya disease 5 polydactyly 6 twin 7 epilepsy 8 cleft lip 9 hyperparathyroidism 10 paraoxonase 11 diabetes 12 cag 13 tsh 14 obesity 15 hbs 16 thyroid peroxidase 17 sp1 18 meta 19 anxiety 20 cleft 21 breast cancer 22 igf i 23 igf 24 anorexia 25 lip 26 genome 27 diabetes mellitus 28 asthma 29 weight 30 hydrocephalus 31 dystonia 32 obese 33 cleft palate 34 coma 35 live Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature hyperemesis gravidarum leptin generations 1: Adjusted leptin level (ALL) is a predictor for hyperemesis gravidarum .2006 Add to clipboard 2: Leptin and leptin receptor levels in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum .2006 Add to clipboard 3: Leptin levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum .2004 Add to clipboard 4: Thyroid function in hyperemesis gravidarum and correlation with serum leptin levels.2003 Add to clipboard 1: Leptin receptor/CD295 is upregulated on primary human mesenchymal stem cells of advancing biological age and distinctly marks the subpopulation of dying cells.2009 Add to clipboard 2: Placental insufficiency: programming of leptin secretion, blood pressure, and postnatal growth in two generations of Sprague-Dawley rats.2009 Add to clipboard 3: Leptin is associated with blood pressure and hypertension in women from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.2009 Add to clipboard 4: Genetic associations of residual feed intake with serum insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin concentrations, meat quality, and carcass cross sectional fat area ratios in Duroc pigs.2009 Add to clipboard 5: Leptin increases maternal investment.2009 Add to clipboard 6: Effect of parental overweight and serum leptin levels on the manifestation of overweight in 7-year-old Korean children.2009 Add to clipboard 7: Insulin resistance, physical fitness, body composition and leptin concentration in 7-8 year-old children.2008 Add to clipboard 8: Male offspring of both diabetic parents have higher insulin resistance and serum leptin levels compared to those with one diabetic parent.2008 Add to clipboard 最新研究进展 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/5/231664.shtm BMJ:孕妇剧烈呕吐可能是家族遗传 孕妇妊娠期间常会出现恶心和呕吐现象,但某些孕妇的剧烈呕吐往往需要送医院治疗。一项最新研究显示,这种被称为妊娠剧吐的症状会由妈妈传给女儿,它很可能具有家族遗传性。 新一期《英国医学杂志》( BMJ )刊登报告说,挪威研究人员分析了该国过去几十年里230万份出生记录,以及相应孕妇的健康数据,结果发现,如果母亲怀孕期间出现妊娠剧吐症状,女儿后来怀孕时也出现该症状的可能性是其他人的约3倍。 据介绍,妊娠剧吐会导致孕妇体重下降、缺少维生素和营养不良,如不及时医治还可能导致早产并影响婴儿健康。 研究还发现,孕妇妊娠剧吐与腹中胎儿含有来自丈夫一方的相关基因没有关系,导致这一症状的基因可能只是由妈妈遗传给女儿。 不过研究人员也表示,目前还不能完全排除环境因素的影响,因为母亲和女儿很可能生活在类似的环境中或是有相似的生活习惯,从而出现妊娠剧吐症状。 更多阅读 《英国医学杂志》发表论文(英文)
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01iwlbuqmmlsnoI1dI1I00f01000j10040001rl 检索策略(smoking and pregnancy and behavior and attention) =Child, Preschool 文献计量分析 52 of 255 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 Top Years Publications 2005 6 2001 5 2008 4 2006 4 2003 4 2009 3 2007 3 1999 3 1996 3 2004 2 1995 2 1984 2 1983 2 2002 1 2000 1 1997 1 1993 1 1989 1 1986 1 1981 1 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 14 Canada 5 Netherlands 4 United Kingdom 4 Germany 3 Denmark 2 Australia 2 Czech Republic 1 Sweden 1 France 1 Japan 1 Papua New Guinea 1 New Zealand 1 1 2 Top Cities Publications Ottawa 4 Amsterdam 2 Chicago 2 New York 2 London 2 Boston 1 Durham 1 Lincoln 1 Brno 1 Uppsala 1 Bloomington, IN, USA 1 Dsseldorf 1 Leiden 1 Villejuif 1 Newport 1 Aarhus 1 Nashville 1 Chiba 1 Mannheim 1 Groningen 1 1 2 1 2 Top Journals Publications J Am Acad Child Psy 4 Am J Psychiat 4 Pediatrics 3 Soc Sci Med 3 Neurotoxicol Teratol 2 Early Hum Dev 2 Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2 J Adolesc Health 1 J Nerv Ment Dis 1 Dev Psychol 1 Cas Lek Cesk 1 J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1 Dev Psychopathol 1 Nervenarzt 1 Cortex 1 J Abnorm Child Psychol 1 Child Dev 1 Int J Obesity 1 J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (paris) 1 Acta Paediatr 1 1 2 1 2 3 ... 10 Top Authors Publications Obel C 3 Fried P 3 Wakschlag L 2 Henriksen T 2 Linnet K 2 Wisborg K 2 Thomsen P 2 Thapar A 2 Laucht M 2 Schmidt M 2 Najman J 2 Boer W 2 O'Callaghan M 2 Williams G 2 Dalsgaard S 2 Olsen J 2 Mick E 1 Biederman J 1 Monuteaux M 1 Faraone S 1 1 2 3 ... 10 1 2 3 ... 23 Top Terms Publications Humans 52 Child, Preschool 52 Pregnancy 51 Child 48 Smoking 42 Infant 33 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects 29 Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity 27 Infant, Newborn 27 Adult 26 Risk Factors 21 Adolescent 21 Women 19 Parents 18 Longitudinal Studies 13 maternal behavior 12 Pharmaceutical Preparations 10 Child Behavior Disorders 10 Nicotine 9 Birth Weight 9 1 2 3 ... 23 http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/11/224855.shtm 英国研究称:孕妇吸烟易生问题小孩 英国一项最新研究显示,若孕妇吸烟,生下的孩子3岁时就可能出现行为问题和多动症。 研究结果刊登于最新一期《流行病和公共卫生杂志》( Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , JECN )。 年龄低 先前研究显示,孕妇吸烟会使所生男孩上学后易得小儿多动症。此次研究证实,孕期吸烟对男孩、女孩的行为都有影响,而且会在孩子3岁时就表现出来。 英国约克大学凯特皮克特教授带领同事进行这项研究。他们从英国新千年人群健康研究项目中选取1.3万名3岁儿童,观察他们的行为、注意力与母亲孕期吸烟情况间的联系。 为评估这些儿童的行为及注意力情况,研究人员向家长发放问卷,了解孩子是否易分神、易怒或易与人争吵打闹,以及孩子是否有偷窃、撒谎和欺骗行为。 综合考虑孩子的家庭经济条件、父母受教育程度和婚姻状况等因素,研究人员发现,母亲孕期吸烟越多,孩子有不良行为和多动症的几率越大。 影响大 母亲孕期少量吸烟的男孩中44%有行为问题;如果在孕期大量吸烟,这一数据则升至80%。而且孕妇吸烟会导致80%左右的男孩患上多动症。 所谓行为问题是指性格孤僻、言行粗鲁、侵犯他人、难与他人合作等。小儿多动症则表现为注意力涣散、活动过度、冲动任性、自控能力差以及学习困难等。 与少量吸烟的孕妇相比,长期大量吸烟的母亲生出的男孩出现行为问题的风险更高。对女孩而言,影响更大的是母亲长期吸烟而不在于吸烟数量,路透社11月4日援引研究报告报道。 另外,孕妇吸烟对男孩和女孩有不同影响,女孩容易有不良行为,而男孩除此以外还易出现多动症。 劝戒烟 孕期吸烟直接影响胎儿大脑结构和功能的发育,这在动物实验中已得到证明,英国广播公司(BBC)援引皮克特教授的话报道,这也可能因为遗传过程中产生一种记号,将孕妇吸烟与孩子的行为问题联系起来。 烟中含有4000种毒素,不少毒素可以进入胎儿大脑,报告说。而男性胎儿在发育过程中对某些化学成分更为敏感,这也是孕妇吸烟对男孩影响更大的原因。 另外,研究还发现,如果母亲孕期戒烟,生出的女孩产生行为问题的几率比母亲从不吸烟的女孩更低。研究人员说,母亲的放弃能力可能遗传给女儿,从而培养她们克制和好脾气的特性。 公共卫生学院主席艾伦马里恩戴维斯说:这又是一个让母亲竭尽全力戒烟的理由,而且最好在怀孕前戒烟。 更多阅读 路透社相关报道(英文) http://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE5A34RB20091104 Smoking in pregnancy tied to bad behavior in kids Wed Nov 4, 2009 2:26pm EST var storyKeywords = "US SMOKING KIDS"; var RTR_ArticleTitle = "Smoking in pregnancy tied to bad behavior in kids"; var RTR_ArticleBlurb = "By Rachael Myers Lowe NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who smoke while pregnant risk having hyperactive preschoolers who can't pay attention, a large study from the UK hints. Although previous studies have demonstrated significant risks for..."; var partnerUriValue = ''; addImpression("3098077_Article Tools"); var showComments = false; var allowSLCall = false; function singlePageView() { document.location.href = ReplaceQueryStringParam(document.location.href, "sp", "true"); } function replaceString(oldS, newS, fullS) { // Replaces oldS with newS in the string fullS for (var i = 0; i < fullS.length; i++) { if (fullS.substring(i, i + oldS.length) == oldS) { fullS = fullS.substring(0, i) + newS + fullS.substring(i + oldS.length, fullS.length); } } return fullS; } By Rachael Myers Lowe NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Women who smoke while pregnant risk having hyperactive preschoolers who can't pay attention, a large study from the UK hints. Although previous studies have demonstrated significant risks for school-aged boys, this is the first time an association has been shown between smoking during pregnancy and problems for girls and for boys as young as 3, the researchers point out. Dr. Kate E. Pickett, of the University of York, Hull-York Medical School and colleagues looked for ties between smoking in pregnancy and behavior and attention problems in more than 13,000 3-year-old boys and girls in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. As part of the study, a wide range of information was gathered including family economic status, education level of parents, ethnicity, parents' marital status, financial difficulties and maternal smoking, drinking or drug use. Questions were also asked about the children to assess behavior and hyperactivity-inattention problems such as how easily their child was distracted or if their child was prone to temper tantrums, fight with or bully other kids, argue with grownups, steal, lie, and/or cheat. In all, nearly 10 percent of women reported smoking heavily (+10 cigarettes a day) throughout their pregnancy, 12.5 percent were light smokers (less than 10 cigarettes a day), and 12.4 percent tried to quit, the researchers note in a report published this week in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Even though no ill-effects of even heavy maternal smoking during pregnancy were recorded for most boys (61.6 percent) and girls (71.7 percent), the risk of developing behavior or attention problems increased with maternal prenatal smoking, the researchers found. They also found that the effect of smoking during pregnancy was different in boys and girls. Boys exposed to cigarette smoke in the womb were more likely to have behavior and attention deficit problems, while girls with this exposure were more likely to experience behavior problems alone. Girls whose mothers quit smoking during pregnancy had a lower risk of behavior problems than girls whose mothers never smoked leading the researchers to conclude the mother's the ability to quit may be a characteristic of restraint and easy temperament that the daughters inherit. Smoking throughout pregnancy carries the highest risk for both boys and girls, according to the data. Overall, the most important factor seems to be smoking continuously throughout pregnancy, more than amount smoked, Pickett said. Persistent heavy smokers had a higher risk of having a boy with conduct problems than light smokers. For conduct problems in girls, any continuous smoking seemed to matter more than amount. Similarly, for hyperactivity-inattention problems both light and heavy smokers had similarly elevated risks compared to non-smokers, Pickett explained. SOURCE: First Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009.