北京市社会科学界联合会重点学术资助项目 动物伦理学与护生文化系列讲座第28讲 主讲人 :郭鹏 (山东大学哲学与社会发展学院副教授 ) 主题:语言是人类所独有的吗? (Against the Denial of Animal Language) 时 间 : 2014 年 6 月 15 日(周日)下午2:3 0- 5 :0 0 地点 :清华大学明斋241(图书馆北,万人食堂南,请从中门进入) 主持人 :蒋劲松(科学技术与社会研究所副 教授) 主办单位: 清华大学科学技术与社会研究所 北京市哲学会 动保网 中国食文化研究会素食委员会 中国动保记者沙龙 绿野方舟 中国青年动保联盟 欢迎参加! 主讲人及演讲主题简介: 郭鹏,山东大学哲学与社会发展学院副教授,主要研究方向语言哲学与动物伦理学。 摘要: 在当代语言学及语言哲学研究中,“语言是为人类所独有的”这种观点几乎是一个默认的前提,语言学家霍凯特(Charles Francis Hockett)和哲学家乔姆斯基(Avram Noam Chomsky)是明确持这种观点并在学术界产生广泛影响的人。这种观点不仅影响着对人类的语言和认知的研究,也在大大影响对非人类动物的相关研究。在我看来,无论是霍凯特还是乔姆斯基都没有为此观点提出有效的论证,我将对他们的论证进行详细的剖析并提出自己的反驳和观点。 Abstract: Currently, linguistic research is dominated by the view that language is a phenomenon that uniquely belongs to humans。This claim has made a great impact on those experts who study animal language and animal cognition. Linguist Charles Francis Hockett and philosopher Avram Noam Chomsky are two representatives of this view. I intend to show that neither of them offered any valid argument to support this anthropcentric view. I found three problems in Hockett’s argument: 1. Even it is the case that there are certain features uniquely belong to human spoken language, we can use this features to characterize (or define) human spoken language but not language. 2. Our knowledge of the communication systems of other species is too limited to enable us to reach the conclusion that some features are uniquely belong to human, such as Duality of Patterning. It is impossible for us to do so before we know the meaning and the structure of their (vocal) signals. 3. Hockett puts human communication in one category and put machinery communication, non-huuman animal communication in another category. We can see that some non-human animals communication systems share more features with human communication than machinery communication. In his earlier research, Chomsky (1957) insists that human being is the only animal has linguistic ability and he supports this idea by claiming that humans uniquely possess an innate universal grammar that is not possessed by other species. I call this approach ‘The Essentialism Approach’. My argument is that we cannot reach the conclusion that language is uniquely human from the uniqueness of human language. Other species can also possess some uniqueness of their languages and this does not make language a unique phenomenon of any of these species. In his later research, Chomsky(2004) shifted to what I call ‘The Great Leap Forward Approach’--after Alfred Russell Wallace, he believes that there is a great leap forward in evolution that rewired human brain and enable us to perform the linguistic tasks that other species are not capable of doing so. My argument against Chomsky is mainly based on biological individualism, which is inspired by the research of Marc Becoff and other ethologists. 描述:明斋路线图图片:眀斋路线图.jpg 动物研究读书会总汇 动物伦理学与护生文化系列讲座总汇
北京市社会科学界联合会重点学术资助项目 动物伦理学与护生文化系列讲座第27讲 主讲人 : Michiel Korthals(荷兰 瓦赫宁根大学教授) 主题: Animals as victims and as world disclosing agents 作为受害者和公认的行为主体的动物 时 间 : 2014 年 6 月 2 日(周一)下午3 : 00- 5 : 30 地点 :清华大学明斋241(图书馆北,万人食堂南,请从中门进入) 主持人 :蒋劲松(科学技术与社会研究所副 教授) 主办单位: 清华大学科学技术与社会研究所 北京市哲学会 动保网 中国食文化研究会素食委员会 中国动保记者沙龙 绿野方舟 中国青年动保联盟 欢迎参加! 主讲人及演讲主题简介: Michiel Korthals博士 ,瓦赫宁根大学应用哲学教授、欧洲生态系统保护基金会的主席,农业和食品伦理学系列丛书主编,《哲学与社会批判》和《环境与农业伦理学杂志》等期刊编委。曾任普度大学、都灵大学和普林斯顿大学客座教授。其主要著作有《追问膳食:食品伦理学和哲学》( Before Dinner. Philosophy and Ethics of Food) 、《作为一种技术文化的实用主义伦理学》( Pragmatist Ethics for a Technological Culture )、 《为生命科学辩护的伦理学》 ( Ethics for Life Sciences ) 等。主要研究领域有生命伦理学、食品生产的伦理问题和环境问题。 Animals as victims and as world disclosing agents 作为受害者和公认的行为主体的动物 在动物解放的伦理学话语中,动物被看作为受害者。甚至权利观点也仅仅将动物看作为权利的担当者。然而,在人与人类的互动关系中,动物有更广泛的意义。他们能使我们摆脱固定的、僵硬的世界观,能使我们意识到生命的重要方面,像游戏和难以禁止的与他者之间的互动。 In the ethics of animal liberation, animals are seen as victims; even the rights position only views animals only as bearers of rights. However, animals have a much broader meaning in interaction with humans. They can liberate us from fixed and rigid worldviews. They can make us conscious of important aspects of life, like play and uncontrollable interaction with others. 描述:明斋路线图图片:眀斋路线图.jpg 动物研究读书会总汇 动物伦理学与护生文化系列讲座总汇