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2016 Ray Wu Prize Winner
rwmf 2016-9-8 15:32
2016 Awardees at Ceremony Yu Hou Background: Ms. Hou received her bachelor degree from China Agricultural University in 2012, and is conducting her Ph.D. research in the laboratory of Dr.Tang Fuchou in Peking University. Yu’s research interest focuses on stem cells and epigenetics. She was involved in two main research projects. In her first project, she performed genome analyses of single human oocytes using multiple annealing and looping based amplification cycle (MALBAC) sequencing technology. She and coworkers demonstrated the key biological features of human oocyte meiosis. Moreover, MALBAC-based pre-implantation genomic screening (PGS) in in vitro fertilization (IVF) enables accurate and cost-effective selection of viable fertilized eggs for embryo transfer. In the second project, she developed the sequencing analysis technique for single cell multi groups, and revealed the internal heterogeneity of cancer tissues from multiple perspectives. Citation: Ms. Hou is very sharp. She has excellent experimental skills, and the curiosity/willingness to learn all aspects of the project. She is very capable in combining different methods together. Her presentation was clear. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Gaowen Liu Background: She conducts evolutionary biology research at Nanyang Technology University in Singapore. The Ph.D. project she worked on was a huge systems biology project involving a massive amount of experiments of different nature. As a main driver of the project, she needed significant independence to conduct experiments not only in operation but also in designing and finding the most effective ways to generate and analyze numerous large datasets, which required a lot of thinking, planning, innovation, and organizational skills. She explained very well the scientific significance of her project in redefining the concept of gene essentiality, cellular evolvability, and its broader implications in cancer development and drug resistance. Citation: Her project had multiple components including yeast genetics, bioinformatics, computer programming, statistics, cell biology, and imaging. From her presentation and response to questions, it was apparent that she had a very good understanding of all the different aspects of the large complex project. It was also apparent that she not only worked hard to get the unbelievable amount of experiments done but also made significant intellectual contributions which, as her supervisor commented, made the project successful. For unknown reasons, she was not informed to give a presentation for the interview. So the interview panel asked her to use her recent Cell paper to describe what she had done and plans to do in future. Even without preparation, she was able to present with confidence and high clarity about the questions they asked, their experimental design, data analysis, interpretation of results, and future directions. She has a good command of English (she was educated in a foreign language school in China) and verbal skills are outstanding. She exhibited strong motivation. She worked on a very ambitious project involving analysis of over a thousand genes, dissection of 15000 tetrads, ran 15000 PCRs, and analyzed several thousands of FACS profiles. And she did all these in three years and published her work in Cell! This unbelievable achievement reflects her strong motivation, dedication, hard working, perseverance, organization, and an extraordinary ability to extract meaning from the vast amount of data. She was able to understand and ask most questions very well, reflecting her good understanding of her field of research. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Daisong Wang Background: Mr. Wang received his bachelor degree from Shandong University in 2012, and entered the Ph.D. program in the laboratory of Dr. Zeng Yi at Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS in 2014. His research project is to characterize the role of a newly identified Wnt-target gene, Procr, in the mouse mammary gland. He identified a specific mammary stem cell marker, Procr, and proved that Procr+ cells are at the top of the hierarchy, giving rise to all differentiated cell types in the adult mammary epithelium. Citation: Mr. Wang did very nice work in developing the unique approach to successfully select the stem cells. He is able to design experiments independently, clearly not just following PI’s guidance. He showed broad knowledge of the stem cell research field, but a bit unwilling to explore new things. He also discussed his own ideas of future studies and his independent speculations of how cell conversions may occur. He demonstrated his general interests in stem cell research. He is interested in taking a multiplex approach to study cell conversions. His answers are clear and concise. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Lei Zhu Background: Mr. Zhu recieved his bachelor degree from Second Military Medical University in 2011, and entered the Ph.D. program in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital in 2013. His advisor is Dr. Chen Aimin. He engaged in the clinical and experimental studies of repairing peripheral nerve injuries. He invented a new operation strategy called S1 nerve root transfer. Citation: Being a clinician, Mr. Zhu clearly knows his own interest and invented the totally novel approach to repair the nerve after injury. His approach is based on solid scientific reasoning, and thorough experiments with different animal models from mice to monkeys. The strategy is briliiant. He is both knowledgeable in clinical medicine and basic science. He keeps looking for new challenges to broaden his knowledge and applications to treat patients.He is very confident. Give sharp answers. He has a big vision and wants to develop more new approaches to treat more patients. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Biao Ma Background: Mr.Ma received his BS from Tianjin Normal University in 2011. He began his Ph.D. study under the direction of Dr. Chen Quan at Nankai University in 2013. Biao worked on the molecular regulation of Hippo pathway in response to hypoxia. He identified that Lats2, a critical kinase for hippo pathway, is the substrate of Siah2. Continuing his work, he demonstrated that Zyxin is required for down regulation of TGF-band hypoxia-induced Lats2 and deactivation of Hippo signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Citation: Mr. Ma did very solid work. He has independent ideas, and understands the relationship between tumor biology and development. He can discuss questions about broad fields. He knows the limits of some experiments, and pinpointed the key problem. He answered questions accurately. He showed potentials. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Sai Luo Background: Ms. Luo obtained her B.S in biological sciences in Xiamen University in 2011. She entered the joint graduate program (PTN) between Peking-Tsinghua Universities and NIBS in 2011, and joined Dr. Shen Xiaohua’s lab in 2012. Sai mainly focuses on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) mediated transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Her work revealed that positive regulation of nearby transcription by divergent lncRNAs could be a general theme of mammalian gene regulation. Divergent lncRNAs as ‘cis-regulators’ tend to participate in similar biological processes as their protein neighbors. Citation: Ms. Luo did very nice work. She knows the significance of each project and the details of her experiments, even the limit of her methods of study. She has a good knowledge base, and was interested in learning more about RNA structure and methods to study the structure. She responded to questions clearly, and showed confidence. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Fan Zhou Background: Mr. Zhou received his bachelor degree from Datong University in 2010, and entered the Ph.D. program in the laboratory of Dr. Liu Bing in the Academy of Military Medical Sciences in 2013. Fan has always been interested in the development of hematopoietic stem cells. He was successful in single-cell functional purification of embryonic hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs). He then worked with Dr. Tang Fuchou and successfully analyzed the transcriptome characteristics of five related cell populations during the formation of HSCs at the single-cell level. Citation: Mr. Zhou did very nice work. He discovers new cell markers. He can tell a good story about his work, and careful about his experiments. He knows the details of most related fields. During the interview, his presentation is good, and he showed high enthusiasm about his research. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Haibin Wang Background: Mr. Wang entered the PhD program in Second Military Medical University, where he studies under Dr. Yuan Wen since 2013. He study on the mechanism of non-coding RNA in degenerative spinal disease. He and collaborators ' work is to understand the generation, regulation and function of circular RNA in mannals. They demonstrated the function of the flanking intronic complementary sequences in exon circularization and the generation of complex alternative circularization products. Citation: Mr. Wang did nice work, willing to learn/explore new things. He spent quite a bit of time in a basic research lab to work on this project even though his job is a physician. He demonstrated sound understanding of the science behind his project and worked very hard to get these achievements. He has his own ideas on how to identify the functions of the novel circular RNAs. He can relate the results from basic research to clinical applications. His speaks fluently and confidently. Besides his clinic training, he also loves basic research and would like to persue his careeer in basic research. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Xing Zhang Background: Ms. Zhang entered the PhD program in Peking University, where her studies under Dr. Guo, Hongwei in 2011. Her research interest is on phytohormone signaling transduction. She works on investigating the development of apical hook in Arabidopsis thaliana. Her work showed that Jasmonates-activated transcription factor MYC2 represses EIN3 function by promoting EIN3 degradation and inhibiting its DNA-binding ability. Citation: Ms. Zhang did very nice work. She systematically identified the relevant genes. She has a good knowledge base. She could present her project clearly, step-by-step, and has a fairly good vision about science. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd. Yulong Niu Background: Mr. Niu received his bachelor degree from Sichuan University in 2010, and entered the Ph.D. program in the laboratory of Dr. Yang Yi in Sichuan University in 2012.The overall aim of his studies has been to develop novel bioinformatics tools for studying protein-protein interactions. He then developed a software for analysis of correlations and similarities among the phylogenetic profiles of the human proteome to predict likelihood of functional and structural interactions between any given human protein pairs. He found that the ATP synthase complex has evolved from multiple functionally distinct modules. Citation: Mr. Niu was able to map potential protein interactions by informatics analyses. Some of the conclusions have been verified by experimental results from collaborators. He could to expand the discussion beyond his lab project. He is very calm, and answer questions clearly. This prize is sponsored by Taikang Asset Management (HongKong) Company Limited and Taikang Community (Beijing) Investment Co., Ltd.
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吴瑞奖学金获奖人介绍(2014年度)
rwmf 2014-10-17 16:54
2014 Awardees at Ceremony Di Zhao Background: Ms. Zhao received her bachelor degree fromZhejiang University in 2009, and is conducting her Ph.D. research in thelaboratory of Dr. Guan Kunliang at Fudan University. Her major project was todetermine the regulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its alteration incancer.1) She shows that acetylation of one particular isoform, LDHA,contributes to pancreatic cancer development. 2) She discovered that North ‐ LDHA regulation is changed in a subsetof breast cancer cell lines. Citation: Ms. Zhao shows clearunderstanding of her project. She was able to follow where the data lead andmade significant discoveries. She is very knowledgeable about proteinmodification and regulation of cancerous gene expression. It is very pleasantand it is easy to communicate with her. She is confident and aims high.Overall, all the judges were impressed and considered her as an outstandinggraduate student. This prize is sponsored by Drs. JianminChen and Xiaoqiao Jiang. Kun Li Background:Ms. Li entered the Ph.D. program in Institute of Neuroscience, ShanghaiInstitutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science in 2008. Heradvisor is Dr.Hu Hailan. She focuses on examining the molecular mechanismunderlying habenular hyperactivity in depression. She and collaboratorsidentified a synaptic protein that modulates glutamatergic transmission in thelateral hebenula. They performed electrophysiological recording and behaviroltests to show that this synaptic protein (a form ofcalcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase) regulates glutamate receptor insertioninto postsynaptic membrane of hebenula neuron, leading to changes in the outputof these neurons in controlling depression-related circuits and thedepression-like behaviors. Citation:She found an important regulator related to depression. She knows broad aspectsof neuroscience. She touched upon a number of different advanced techniques andmade strong combine different techniques to solve complicated problems. She offersan excellent expression in discussion. She has the determination to reach highgoals. This prize issponsored by the Yu and Wei Foundation. Yang Li Background: Mr. Li entered the PhD program at XiamenUniversity in 2010. His advisor is Dr.Lin Shengcai. He and his colleaguesdiscovered a novel signaling pathway that integrates protein phosphorylationand acetylation into the regulation of serum-deprivation-induced autophagy , an acute intracellular catabolismprocess that maintains energy and metabolic substrates even in the presence ofample nutrients. Citation: Mr.Li is brigt, thoughtful andvery confident. He did a systematic search of the downsteam modification, andwas able to produce specific antibodies. The broad coverage of all aspectsleads to his new discoveries. He is knowlegeable outside his field. He knowsthe work of other labs and other fields. His presentation was very good. He ishighly interactive, and likes to collaborate. He has a broad vision. This prize issponsored by Crown Bioscience Inc. Xiangxi Wang Background: Mr. Wang began his Ph.D. study under the direction of Dr. Rao Ziheat in the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2009. Hisproject mainly focuseson the uncoating mechanisms of Picornavirus and drugdesign based on viral structures. He has 1) solved several high resolutioncrystal structures of EV71 virus in distinct forms, 2) successfully designed afew leading compounds of high affinity toward the virus, which provide guidesto develop potential herapeutic drugs, and 3) solved crystal structures ofSCARB2 (an EV71 receptor) at neutral and acidic conditions, which shed light onthe molecular basis of SCARB2-mediated invasion of EV71. Citation:Mr. Wang has independent and innovative ideas in structural biology. He has advanced technical skills, andthinking in long terms. His work is outstanding. He is basically responsiblefor the two major papers. He is part of the leadership of the research team. Heknows a lot about virus studies, virus entry and antiviral studies as well asthe limitation in viral structural biology. He shows determination. He knowswhat he wants to do, and willing to meet tough challenges. This prize is sponsored by ChineseBiological Investigators Society. Jiayu Chen Background: Mr.Chen received his bachelor degree from Shandong University in 2010, and isconducting his Ph.D. research in the laboratory of Dr. Li Chuanyun at BeijngUniversity. Mr. Chen works on three genomics. By taking the dual-advantages ofrhesus macaque as a model animal and a species closely related to human, as thefirst author, he found that more than 80% of the de novo-created humanprotein-coding genes encoded long non-coding RNAs in rhesus macaque, withsimilar transcript structure and correlated tissue expression profile. Citation:He understands the field well, and was able to develop novel datasets andmethods to analyse de novo genes in primates. He is aware of broad medicalproblems but only addressed the other areas briefly. His presentation is clear,and his answers are sharp. He is ambitionus and will keep doing comparativeevolution biology. Zhikai Wang Background: Mr. Wang enteredthe Ph.D. program in University of Science Technology of China in 2008.His advisor is Dr. Yao Xuebiao. His research work mainly focused on themolecular basis of microtubule dynamics and its regulation. He and hiscollaborators showed that dynamic regulation of EB1 acetylation orchestratesproper mitosis. Citation:Mr. Wang works very hard and made a highly significant discovery. He was veryclear about his own research, and described the project step by step. He isvery thoughtful, has good knowledge about cell division. He made an excellentexpression. He answers question firmly and clearly. He is persistent in hisstudies, and could follow the new trend of the field. This prize is sponsored by Promega Corporation Inc. Yanbo Zhang Background: Mr. Zhang received his BSfrom Henan University in 2008, and enteredthe PhD program in Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBCB), Shanghai Institutesfor Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he studies underDr.Wang Hongyan. His research focus is on immunology. His work showed thatVEGFR-3 and VEGF-C negatively regulate TLR4 signaling in macrophages andprevent host from septic shock, which might have broad ramifications. Citation: Mr.Zhang is thoughtful and motivated. He is familiar with the field andliterature. He has independently designed the macrophage studies. He is awareof other topics, especially tummor immunology. He can talk clearly withconfidence. He addressed questions with precision. Jie Li Background:Mr. Li entered the Ph.D. program in Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine in2007. His advisor is Dr. Chen Guoqiang. His research work mainly focused on themolecular mechanisms underlying sumoylation of HIF-1α and its roles in cancerprogression. He reported that Cbx4 governs HIF-1α to potentiate angiogenesis ofhepatocellular carcinoma by its SUMO E3 ligase activity. Citation: Mr. Liis persistent and highy motivated. He works hard and spends 7 years to reachthe final goal. He understood his work thoroughly, and was able to identify animpotant pathway. He has broad knowledge of transcription regulation. He wasable to communicate in English and experss himself very well. He wants to solveimportant problems. Zhe Ying Background: Mr. Ying received his BSfrom Zhongshan University in 2009, and is conducting his Ph.D. study in thelaboratory of Dr. Li Mengfeng at Zhongshan University. Zhe’s research focusedon mechanisms governing stemness and invasiveness of cancer cells. Hesuccessfully identified AGK-JAK2 interaction as a mechanism by which JAK2 isconstitutively activated independent of mutation of JH2 domain in esophagealsquamous carcinoma. He has also found that silencing of miR-204 as ashared mechanism between glioma and neuron stem cells, which guarantees thehighly expression of stemness governing and cell migration promoting genes. Citation: Mr.Ying was able to extend his current studies to another field. He is familiarwith the related field, but his knowledge about other broad topics is limited.His verbal expression is good. He is enthusiastic about science, and has aclear vision on what he likes to do in the future. Jingjing Zheng Background: Ms. Zheng entered her Ph.D.program in Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for BiologicalScience, Chinese Academy of Science in 2007. Her advisor is Dr. Yu Xiang. Shefocuses on studing the effect sensory experience on cortical excitatoryneurons. She found that early unimodal sensory deprivation, either throughwhisker-deprivation or dark-rearing, significantly reduced excitatory synaptictransmission layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the correspondence sensorycortex, and crossmodally in other sensory cortices. Citation: Ms.Zheng is mature. She can independently design experiments to support herhypothesis. She completed a difficult project, which represents a new discoveryabout a novel molecular mechanism. She is reasonable familiar with the field. Mr.Zheng wants to dedicate to study autism. She cares about the health status ofthe large population. Jian Shu Background: Mr. Shu entered the PhD programin Peking University, where he studies under Dr. Hongkui Deng in 2009. Theproject he has been studying is to find the substitutes for the most importpluripotency factor Oct4 in the process of induction of iPSCs. He designed asystem for genome-wide screening of Oct4 substitutes, and discovered acombination of two small molecules to enable the successful screening. Heproved that pluripotency factors might direct lineage specification, and thatlineage specifiers might in turn facilitate induction of pluripotency. Citation: Mr.Shu shows the passion incurrent research work. He is responsible for modifying the screening method soit is possible to identify more important factors. He is very good in bigpicture of biology, and has quite innovation minds. He can answer all ofquestions clearly with fluent English.
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推荐一篇非常值得一读的短文-How to be a Winner
guohx2012 2013-3-27 16:56
写在前面的话:今天不经意中在电脑中发现十年前读过的一篇短文-HowtobeaWinner。作者Andr é DeHon在MIT获得Ph.D,然后在UCB做过博士后,当时是加州理工学院的助理教授,曾经获得MIT技术评论的35岁以下革新者(2003TR35Winners)称号,现任宾夕法尼亚大学教授。记得我读过此文后,深受启发,受益匪浅,一直希望自己所带的学生中多些文中所指的Winner。今天又把此文重温了一遍,感觉不应该让这样的好文再静悄悄地“躺”在我的电脑中,特此贴在这里,希望有更多的人能读读,让其发挥出更大效益。 HowtobeaWinner Adviceforstudentsstartingintoresearchwork Don'tgethunguptryingtounderstandeverythingattheoutset Thebiggestchallengeyoufaceattheonsetofanynewprojectisthatthereisahuge(seeminglyoverwhelming)amountofstuffyouneedtoknowtotackleyourproblemproperly.Whilethisphenomenonistrueinthesmallforthebeginningresearcher,itisalsotrueinthelargeforanyresearchproject.Solearninghowtocopewiththischallengeisanimportantskilltotomastertobecomeagoodresearcher.Incontrast,blockingyouractionandprogresswhilewaitingforcompleteknowledgeistheroadtofailure. Copingmechanismsemployedby winners include: · prioritizing(whatdoIneedtoknowmost) · read(everythingmadeavailabletoyou,andseekoutmore;butdon'tputmonthsofreadingbetweenyouandgettingstarteddoingthings.) · multithreading(whenblockedononeitemorpath,isthereanotherIcanproductivelypursue?) · pursuingmultiple,possiblesolutiontechniques(maybesomehaveeasier/lessblockspathsthanothers) · wishfulthinking(ok,let'sassumethissubproblemissolved,doesthatallowmetogoonandsolveotherproblems?) · pesterpeoplewhomighthavesomeoftheinformationyouneed(youmightthinktheyshouldknowwhatyouneedtoknow,butoftentheydon'thaveaclearideaofwhatyoudoanddon'tknow;startbygettingthemtogiveyoupointerstothingsyoucanusetohelpyourself.Showrespectfortheirtimeandalwaysfollowupontheresourcesyou'vebeengivenbeforeaskingforapersonalexplanation.) · proposeworkingmodels---maybetheyarewrongordifferentfromothers,buttheygiveyousomethingtoworkwithandsomethingconcretetodiscussandcomparewithothers.Youwillrefineyourmodelscontinually,butit'sgoodtohavesomethingconcreteinmindtoworkwith. Losers willstopthefirsttimetheyrunintosomethingtheydon'tknow,cannotsolveaproblem,orencountertroubleslightlyoutofwhattheyconsider``theirpart''oftheproblemandthenofferexcusesforwhytheycannotmakeanyprogress. Winners considerthewholeproblemtheirsandlookforpathsaroundeveryhangup. Losers makesurethereissomeoneorsomethingtoblamefortheirlackofprogress. Winners findwaystomakeprogressdespitecomplications. Losers knowallthereasonsitcannotbedone Winners findawaytodoit. CommunicateandSynchronizeOften Ofcourse,whenyoudohavetobuildyourownmodels,solveunexpectedproblems,makeassumptions,etc.domakesuretocommunicateandsynchronizewithyourfellowresearchers.Dotheyhavedifferentmodelsfromyours?Whatcanyoulearnfromeachothers'modelsandassumptions?Letthemknowwhatyou'rethinking,whereyou'restuck,andhowyou'retryingtogetaroundyourproblems. Decompose Thewholeproblemoftenseemsoverwhelming.Decomposeitintomanageablepieces(preferably,witheachpieceastableintermediate).Tacklethepiecesoneatatime.Divideandconquer. Thismaysoundobvious,butitworks.I'veturnednumerousproblemswhichappeared``frightening''inscopeintomany1-dayor2-daytasks,andthentackledeachnice,contained1--2daytaskasIcametoit.AsIunderstoodmore,newproblemsandtasksarose,buttheycouldallbebrokenbackdowntobitesizedpieceswhichwouldbetackledoneatatime. BeOrganized Incomputersystemsespecially,thebiggestlimitationtoourabilitytoconquerproblemsiscomplexity.Youneedtoworkcontinuallytostructuretheproblemandyourunderstandingofittotackletheinherentcomplexity.Keepcarefultrackofwhatyouhavedoneandwhatyouneedtodo.Makelists;writeitdown;don'trelyonyourmemory(orworse,yet,yoursupervisor'smemory)toholdallthethingsyouneedtodoandalltheintermediateissuesyouneedtoaddress. Prioritize Makeprioritiesinyoureffortsandcheckyourprioritieswithyoursupervisor.AcommonoccurrenceisforyoursupervisortoaskyoutodoA,forgetaboutit,andthenaskyoutodoBbeforeyoucouldpossiblyhavefinishedA.IfyouareuncertainonwhetherBshouldtakepriorityoverA,definitelyask.Sometimesitwill,butoftenitwon't,andyoursupervisorwillbegladthatyouremindedhimyouwerebusysolvingA.KeeptrackofB,andwhenyoufinishA,seeifBstillmakessensetopursue. Realizethatyoursupervisorisbusy Yourprofessororgraduatestudentsupervisorisbusy.Hehiredyoutohelphimgetmoreaccomplishedthanhecouldhaveonhisown.Yourbiggestbenefittohimiswhenyoucanbeselfmovingandmotivating. Donotexpectyoursupervisortosolveallyourproblems.Findoutwhathehasthoughtaboutandsuggestsforastatingpointandworkfromthere. But ,realizetheremaybecomeatimewhenyouhaveputmorequalitythoughtintosomethingthanhehas(andthiswillhappenmoreandmoreoftentoyouasyougetintoyourwork).So, whenyouthinkyouseeorknowabetterwaytosolveaproblem,bringitup .Inanidealscenariothisisexactlywhatshouldhappen.Yoursupervisorgivesyoutheseedandsomedirections,thengoesofftothinkaboutotherproblems.Youputinconcentratedtimeonyourproblemandultimatelycomebackwithmoreknowledgeandinsightintoyoursubproblemthanyoursupervisor. Asasupervisor,Iworkintwomodes: 1. UntilastudenthasdemonstratedthathehasthoughtmoredeeplyabouttheproblemthanIhave,Istronglyadvocatethathestartthingsmyway. 2. Onceastudenthasexaminedaproblemindepth,thenwecandiscussitaspeers,andgenerallythestudentbecomestheexpertonthissubproblem,andIcanoffergeneraladvisefrommyexperienceandbreadth. Deliver Onceyou'vesignedupyouhavetodeliver.But,youdonothavetodeliverthefinalsolutiontoeverythingatonce.This,infact,isafallacyofmanypeopleandresearchprojects. Losers keeppromisingagreatthinginthefuturebuthavenothingtoshownow. Winners canshowworkable/usableresultsalongthewaytothesolution.These pieces caninclude: · solutionstosimplifiedmodels · piecesofaflow · intermediateoutput/data · measurementsofproblemcharacteristics · stableintermediates(seebelow) Demonstrate progress.Thisallowsyoursupervisortoofferearlyfeedbackandtohelpyouprioritizeyourattention---thiswilloftenhelpyoubothmakemid-coursecorrectionsincreasingthelikelihoodyouwillendupwithinterestingresultsintheend. Requirementsandunderstandinginvariableevolve (rememberthekeychallengeatthebeginningisincompletelyknowledge).Changeandredirectionisnormal,expected,andhealthy(sinceitisusuallyaresultofgreaterknowledgeandunderstanding).Theincrementalmodelisrobustandpreparedforthisadaptationwhilethemonolithic(all-at-once)modelisbrittleandoftenleadstogreatsolutionswhichdon'taddresstherealproblem. Incrementallygrowyoursolutions(especiallysoftware).Inthenewchapterswhichappearinthe20thAnniversaryeditionof MythicalManMonth ,Brooksidentifiesincrementaldevelopmentandprogressiverefinementtowardsthegoalasoneofthebest,newtechniqueswhichhe'scometoappreciatesincetheoriginalwritingof MMM .Frommyownexperience,Iwholeheartedlyagreewiththis,anditdoeshaveaverypositiveimpactonmorale(yours,yourteam's,yoursupervisor's). Targetstableintermediates Lookforstableintermediatepointsonyourincrementalpathtosolvingsomeproblem. · pointswheresomeclearpieceoftheproblemhasbeensolved(hasaniceinterfacetothissubproblem,producesresultsatthisstage) · thingsyoucanbuildupon · thingsyoucanspin-out · thingsyoucansharewithteammembers(allowthemtohelp) · pointsofaccomplishment Don'tturnproblems(subtasks)intoresearchproblemsunnecessarily. Oftenyou'llrunintoasubtaskwithnosingle,obviouslyrightsolution.Ifsolvingthispiecerightiskeytotheoverallgoals,maybeitwillbenecessarytodevotetimetostudyingandsolvingthissubproblembetterthanithaseverbeensolvedbefore.However,formostsub-problems,thisisnotthecase.Youwanttokeepfocussedontheoverallgoalsoftheprojectandcomeupwithan``adequate''solutionforthisproblem.Ingeneral,trytodotheobviousorsimplethingwhichcanbedoneexpediently.Makenotesonthethepossibleweaknessesandthealternativesyoucouldexploreshouldtheseweaknessprovelimiting.Then,ifthisdoesbecomeabottleneckorweaklinkinthesolutionchain,youcanrevisititandyouralternativesandinvestmoreeffortexploringthem. Learntosolveyourownproblems Ingeneral,inlife,therewon'talwaysbesomeonetoturntowhohasalltheanswers.Itisvitallyimportantthatyoulearnhowtotackleallthekindsofproblemsyoumayencounter.Useyoursupervisorsasacrutchorscaffoldingonlytogetyourselfstarted.Watchthemandlearnnotjusttheanswerstheyhelpyoufind,buthowtheyfindtheanswersyouwereunabletoobtainonyourown.Striveforindependence.Learntechniquesandgainconfidenceinyourownabilitytosolveproblemsnow. Andr é DeHon 上文的最新地址见: http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~andre/general/student_research_advice.html
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[转载]蒋方舟“关于LOSER 和WINNER 标准问题的讨论”
huiee 2011-6-14 23:26
本文转自 水木社区http://www.newsmth.net/guest-frames.html 清华百年校庆的时候,有人在网上发帖问:“校庆期间的清华普通毕业生可以回母校吗?” 有人回帖说:“可以啊,可以搞一个LOSER方队,校庆的时候走一走。” LOSER,五个字母,字字血泪,无限依依无限惋惜,多少咬牙切齿尽在不言中。LOSER,卢瑟儿,失败者,它可以是人们温暖亲切的摇头自嘲,也可以是相互攻击时最锋利的暗箭。卢瑟儿所对应的反面人生当然是WINNER,温拿,赢之大者,则称为大拿。 我大学刚入学时,看到大家在水木BBS上热火朝天的讨论。一群从火热的高中教育中大逃亡还没几年的年轻人,没有享受胜利者的喜悦,迷迷糊糊又要被一脚踹入社会,参加讨论的这些满怀失意的人,相互确认着自己是不是失败者国的常住居民。 证明自己不是LOSER的底限,当然是有房有车有老婆。 有人忐忑地问:“那如果娶了个丑老婆,算不算LOSER呢?” 大家纷纷表示,那当然也是要列为失败者的。发问者黯然,百密有一疏,原来自己无意中还是输了。 钱不是检验LOSER的唯一标准,但却是最不容动摇的门槛:“年近30或者年过30,工作一般5年以上。总资产200万以下,年收入50万以下,无车或15万以下的车(15万以下的车等同无车)。” 同 时可以检验是否LOSER的,还有和钱有关的生活趣味。他们的特征是:“名牌大学,博士,海归,朝九晚五打卡,坐在格子间的电脑旁,MSN,麦当劳,卡布 奇诺,网恋,丁克,地铁,打的,坐经济舱,住星级宾馆,泡吧,煲电话,听蓝调,加班,夜生活,圣诞节,一夜情,斯诺克,暂住证,红酒,抽555,住租来或 按揭的公寓,买简约的宜家家具,收藏CD,谈论《老友记》,向往去西藏,留恋于丽江,铁杆驴友,不看中文报纸不看中国电影,看卡夫卡看张爱玲看伊朗电影, 洁癖,乡愁,健身,瑜伽,养吉娃娃,香水衣服鞋子泡吧旅游鲜花买书买CD看电影”。 这基本概括了一个大城市,收入尚可且沾沾自喜的年轻人生活所有组成,甚至可以被年轻潮流杂志引为生活样本,但是,一盆冷水浇下——这其实是失败者的生活。 所谓温拿,WINNER,他们提前五十年过上了退休老干部的生活,收藏是唯一的幸福,饭局多到没空上网,永远不会花自己的钱,学习都是脱产的,休假都是带薪的。 ——这就是大家基本上讨论出的关于判断卢瑟儿和温拿的硬指标。这些标准听得简直让人心惊胆战不是?这种指标下,大多数人甚至连失败者俱乐部都没有资格进入。 每到年终,水木BBS上就会掀起晒工资单和年终奖金的热潮,年薪十几万几十万都会被笑话,被反问:“这样在北京怎么活?” 除非收入高到每天拿小推车从银行运钱才能达到的数目,才会被封为大拿,引起围观群众真心诚意的崇拜。 前两年,一个浙大的讲师跳了楼,他当年是清华水利年级第一,西北大学全额奖学金,六年博士后毕业。他拥有一份完美的履历表,大学生活需要解决的所有已知选项他都交出了完美的答案,可是发现最后导出的X是每个月仅仅2000块的工资。 不知道他有没有过夜深人静看着同学晒工资单的时候,或是在疲惫的生活中默默用被别人不断发问的句子问自己:“这样的收入,怎么活啊?” 也许是因为最高学府的起点高,所以大家对于生活的期待和胃口都要大些。收入的意义不是为了自己活,同时也是为了与他人——那些起点差不多的人比较。 LOSER的主要沮丧和怨念的重点,在于他们读了这么多年书,做了这么多年题,一路打败这么多人才擎出青天来,可在被量化的个人收入报表前,努力被瞬间抹杀,所有过去的骄傲,变成了羞于翻检回归的记忆——它们都是对今天的冷笑。 一个著名的抱怨,是说自己从小一路最高学府,一路笑傲家族,兄弟姐妹全部生活在自己的阴影之下。而他过年回家,发现表哥当兵回家后在卫生局工作,表姐当了法院公务员,表妹成了警察,堂妹嫁给官二代,堂弟做生意赚了钱。 一命二运三风水四阴德,原来五才是学习。 学历越高的人越失败,博士生最爱自怜自己赚的还没有中专毕业的人多。 LOSER是战战兢兢步步为营的人,WINNER是不劳而获一行白鹭上青天的人。 LOSER是按部就班种瓜得瓜的人,WINNER是靠爹靠老公靠关系靠机遇靠蛮力就和前者平起平坐的人。 有一种人是免检的WINNER,就是成功进入体制内的人。他们的后半生甚至无需检查工资单,就可以放在荣誉橱窗和展览室里。 新闻上有公务员考试发榜的报道,看到年轻人喜极而泣的脸,确实感到那是无数人一夜间翻身农奴把歌儿唱的时刻。 我的同学大一大二的时候在背GRE单词的红宝书,到了现在,大三,他拿的是公务员考试的复习资料。 我说他投靠,他被招安,我指责他堕落了不再理想主义了,他辩驳说:“我进入了体制,才能对社会有所改变……” 我被他一番进入体制的热血沸腾的宣言说得哑口无言,最后不得不拍着他的肩膀,认可他的决定,说:“好吧,体制内有你,我就放心了。” 可他反而颓然了,嗫嚅道:“我也不确定自己会不会被体制化。” “体制化”不只是个行政词汇,也是一个人被塑造的过程吧。一开始你的目的是试图改变它,后来你只能抵制它,渐渐你熟悉它,最后只能依赖它。 我和我同学似乎同时看到他在办公室里舒服安乐的后半生,一下子有些冷场,他生硬地说自己要去背《申论》(中国大陆国家公务员进行资格考试的其中一个科目)了。 进入体制意味着户口房子工作,意味着稳定福利和保障。进入体制意味着成为真正统治意义上的精英,意味着不再求人,而是被求着办事。而这些是几十万的年薪也换不来的——岌岌可危时代中的安全感。 进入体制的WINNER也有抱怨,例如日子太悠闲,升官太过慢,但是在大多数同学眼中,这些无异于撒娇了。 WINNER和LOSER是我所见过最简单粗暴,也最残酷的划分标准,对WINNER的肃然起敬,对LOSER的讥诮冷语。 这 让人无法不联想到王蒙20世纪60年代写过的《组织部里来了年轻人》。40年前,年轻人还对组织适应不良,一到工作岗位就被打了英雄主义鸡血,要对坏事绝 不容忍,要勇敢地进行斗争。而现在,组织部里涌入了一群青年老干部,体制与他们的天性中没有一天冲突的地方,一去就能迅速融入,迅速汲取自己所需的养分, 甚至不需要任何适应过程。能挤进去的就是赢家。时代不一样了。 “不成功便成仁”的想法,是每个年轻人进入高等学府时第一句向自己说的话。 这种想法让人思维简单如猩猩够香蕉,放弃自己形而上的思考,被迫去想象工具性的无聊问题,一步步走向一个心理极权的国度,放弃自己脑袋里的想法,而走向卑 贱的实用理性领域。想的只是“怎样用这个得到那个”的问题。 WINNER和LOSER的划分,也是我见过对年轻人最简单粗暴、也最残忍的评判。除了简单的收入,标准无休无止:进入不了体制的文科生,比工科生失败;出国留学再回来的人,比留在国内累积资本的人失败;整天批判改变规则的人,比默默按规则办事的人失败…… 对WINNER肃然起敬,对LOSER讥诮冷语。成王败寇啊,这想法,终于在年轻人中被表达得如此露骨而凄厉。 《信睿》5月号
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The Second Fight
estudy 2010-10-17 19:32
Sunday, June 3rd, 2007, Fine Last two years this season, I was putting my best leg forward to prepare for the graduation permission exam in January 2006, which was a fight for me. The school I applied for is the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which charges free for the students. However, because of that, there was a large amount of candidates applied for it, which meant that I had a lot of rivals. Therefore I compared the preparative of that exam as a fight, a fight with the other applier and also a fight with myself. In order to achieve victory in that fight, I spent about half a year in the classroom and reading room for the course tested. There were four course I should prepare, the College Mathematics (including Calculus, Linear Algebra and Programming, Probability and Statistics), the Politics (including Marxist Political Economics, Marxist Philosophy, Introduction to Mao Zedong Thoughts, Introduction to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the Important Thought of Three Represents, Contemporary International Economy and Politics), College English, the Theory of Economics (including the Western Economics and the Political Economics), within which the College Mathematics brought the most pressure for me. It took me more than half of the time to do exercises for that college. Those days, I seldom got up later than 6 oclock in the morning, and always went back to the dormitory later than 10 oclock in the evening. You can image how hard I work for that exam. As you are considered, everyone around me believed I would get a good result as well. However, the god played a joke with me. I was totally different on the day I attended the exam I prepared for half a year, for I suffered from insomnia last night and even didnt get asleep for a minutes. The noisy near and in my dormitory and my nervosity completely disrupted me. So I entered the exam room in an extremely bad condition and I was so tired that even fallen asleep during those four two-hours. Therefore, the bad result of the exams is not surprise. Several days ago, I determined to take part in the fight I was beaten two years ago. Comparing with the last time, two more things I have for the preparative, they are two pieces of advice: first, be in relaxed temple and make sure to go to asleep before 11 oclock every evening; second, be clear about all the knowledge points. It is the second fight and another challenge for me; hope I can be the winner.
个人分类: 生活点滴|2918 次阅读|0 个评论

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