WHO : 生物技术（转基因食品）的常识 General information about biotechnology (GM foods) 现代生物技术应用于食品产业，对人类的健康问题提出了新的机遇和挑战。对于公众健康部分的潜在益处，包括改变食物营养成分、减少潜在过敏物质和提高粮食生产系统的效率。另一方面，通过基因改造手段生产消费性粮食，这种生产方式对人类健康的潜在作用必须严格测试。如果现代生物技术能够真正成为提高我们生产粮食的手段，那它必须通过彻底的评估。原先的观念认为用没有此方面认知能力的消费者角度来看待这一领域所有相关问题，这种趋势是肤浅的。而消费者应该被关注并告知。 未来的这一领域的发展将使 WHO 在四个主要方面展开工作： A. 在健全科学基础上建立科学的安全评估框架 从现代生物技术中制造出的食物，需要促进对其健全安全与风险评估框架的建立。除了将其列入生物技术衍生食物法典 (Codex Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology) 外， WHO 将会在健全科学基础上提出解决新问题的原则和指导方针。 B. 对于现代生物技术制造的食物，制定营养方面安全评估的标准方法 提高对现代生物技术制造的新食物进行营养评估是需要的，事实上是新型食物的特殊营养性状。我们需要有一个更加注重营养评估新的现代生物科技食品。其实这些想法已经是粮农组织 / 世界卫生组织专家磋商对于现代生物技术食物的一部分，但增强其影响是必要的。这种影响应该作用于其他政府论坛，如新型食物的经合组织。 C. 将风险评估与风险管理和交流连接起来 在国内与国际上，将风险评估支出与风险管理与交流的作用连接起来，这一迫切需求是有效的机制和方法。对于正在规划阶段的风险交流作用，消费者和其他有关各方的新思维应该进一步加强。这一领域已经取得的经验也应该用于食品安全的其他发面。 D. 对健康和发展政策更广泛的角度 通过现代生物技术开发的新食品并不总是被认为是符合“公共利益”。这些新产品有潜在健康或产品效益风险点，而发展中国家的产品可以改变这一观点。这些产品需要一个更全面的评估，找到这些产品所有方面的变化（健康效益、营养、安全、发展和社会经济系统等）。在这项工作的准备过程中， WHO 需要加强和其他伙伴之间的合作。这些合作不仅仅是相关领域的技术问题，如生产效率和安全评估方面；也需要认识到如何使现代生物技术生产食物用于满足发展中国家的需要。 The application of modern biotechnology to food production presents new opportunities and challenges for human health. The potential benefits to the public health sector include altering the nutrient content of foods, decreasing their allergenic potential, and improving the efficiency of food production systems. On the other hand, the potential effects on human health of the consumption of food produced through genetic modification must be carefully examined. Modern biotechnology must be thoroughly evaluated if it is to bring about a true improvement in our way of producing food .The tendency to explain all concerns in this area as a problem of perceptions originating in the consumers incapacity to understand is simplistic. Instead the consumers right to be concerned as well as to be informed should be acknowledged. The future developments in this area will focus WHO work in four major areas: A. Establishing scientific safety assessment frameworks based on sound science There is a need to facilitate the establishment of sound safety and risk assessment frameworks for foods derived from modern biotechnology. In addition to providing input to the Codex Intergovernmental Task Force on Foods Derived from Biotechnology, WHO will develop the principles and guidelines for addressing emerging issues based on sound science. B. Standardizing methods for nutritional aspects in safety assessments of food derived from modern biotechnology There is a need for an increased focus on nutritional assessments of new foods derived from modern biotechnology and in fact from novel foods in general with specific nutritional traits. These types of considerations are already part of the FAO/WHO Expert Consultations on food derived from modern biotechnology, but a strengthened effort is needed. This effort should be coordinated with efforts in other intergovernmental fora, such as the OECD Task Force on Novel Foods 。 C. Linking risk assessments to risk management and communication Effective mechanisms and approaches are urgently needed both at national and at international level to bridge the outcomes of risk assessments into risk management and risk communication efforts. New thinking towards involving consumers and other interested parties already at the planning stages of risk communication efforts need to be developed. And the experience gained in this area could be used in other aspects of food safety. D. The broader perspective of health and development policy The development of new foods through modern biotechnology has not always been perceived to be guided by a perspective of "public good". New products with potential health or production benefits in developing countries could change this. Such products will need a more holistic assessment, looking into all aspects of such production changes (health benefit, nutrition, safety, development and socioeconomical issues, etc.). In preparation of this work there is a need for WHO to strengthen its collaboration with intersectoral partners. Such efforts would entail technical issues related to such areas as production efficiency and safety assessments but also more general issues of how foods derived from modern biotechnology could be made useful in addressing the needs of developing countries. 【编者按】 就语言的“质量”来说，英文无疑是很棒的，而中文却很不怎么样（很有表述不当之处），很难让人相信 WHO 的老大是中国人，里面也有 N 多中国人在工作！
5月7日下午在我所WHO总部知识管理与共享项目部主任Najeeb Al-Shorbaji博士做了WHO知识管理与共享项目的专题讲座，详细介绍了近年来WHO知识管理与共享项目的进展情况。 世界卫生组织（WHO）西太平洋地区医学索引（The Western Pacific Region Index Medicus, WPRIM）平台开通仪式于2010年5月7日在北京举行。开通仪式由中国医学科学院医学信息研究所/图书馆（简称所馆）主办，代涛所馆长主持。WHO驻华处代表Michael O'Leary博士、WHO总部知识管理与共享项目部主任Najeeb Al-Shorbaji博士、WHO西太区翻译出版与图书馆服务部主任Charles Raby先生、中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院院校长刘德培院士、卫生部国际合作司冯勇处长、中国国家科技图书文献中心袁海波主任等出席开通仪式并致辞。来自韩国、日本、菲律宾等西太平洋地区的国家政府部门、研究机构及大学的代表以及中国中医科学院、中国疾病预防控制中心、解放军医学图书馆、北京大学医学图书馆、人民卫生出版社和中华医学会杂志社等有关部门负责同志及专家共60余人参加了开通仪式。 为促进医药卫生信息的全球共享与利用，WHO于2005年启动了全球卫生图书馆（GHL）项目，宗旨是让需要健康信息的人能够获得可靠的健康信息。WPRIM是GHL项目的重要组成部分，旨在建立网上医学索引系统，收集WHO西太平洋地区各成员国出版的生物医学领域的期刊及灰色文献的题录信息，促进西太区医药卫生领域相关信息的全球共享。 作为世界卫生组织卫生与生物医学信息合作中心和全球卫生图书馆中国委员会主任单位，所馆受WHO西太区委托，承担WPRIM平台的具体建设工作。经过一年多的工作，目前已完成平台的开发工作。新建成的WPRIM平台具有检索功能强大、辅助功能完善及数据管理高效等特点，并可基于互联网提供在线服务。WPRIM平台的开通，将会进一步推动全球卫生图书馆建设、促进医药卫生信息资源的获取和使用、实现各国医药卫生信息在世界范围内更好的传播和利用。
标签: WHO
