“ Technology is a gift of god. after the gift of life it is perhaps the greatest of god ’ s gifts. it is the mother of civilizations, of arts and of sciences. ” — Freeman Dyson 人类文明的历史,轴心时代之前是远古文明,包括,中美洲玛雅文明和中非洲班图文明,埃及 - 巴比伦文明是集大成。延续至今的人类主体文化,则是轴心时代奠基的印度(佛教形成) - 希腊和犹太(波斯时期) - 华夏等古典文化。 犹太教的圣经和儒家 13 经等显著特征是民族起源和历史教育,希腊神话和自然哲学、中国“儒 - 法 - 兵家”和“道 - 墨 - 名家”等传统文化和历史文献,奠基了人文和科学的思想基础。 中古代印度 - 希腊文明的发展,几乎停滞,而中国文明,则随着认知的观测与实践的经验发展,积累了丰富的经验知识、工程技术和人文艺术等。 不仅,医疗实践和工程设计,而且,面对未知和面向未来,拓展了知识、技术和方法,形成了新的知识增长与传播。欧洲文艺复兴,到达芬奇时代,仍然属于工程范式和技艺模式。 近代科学的建立,基于数学和实验方法,而在于仪器技术的发明和机械原理的研究,自从笛卡尔开始,就已经形成了机器的哲学理念。 科学方法与工程技术互动,构成近现代科学的客观知识和规律发现的推进机制。不仅,动力学、热力学和电磁学的建立,而且,动力机、计算机和机器人等发明,都存在一个科学与技术的交互发展过程。 20 世纪,认知科学和人工智能的发展,尤其建立了以工程技术研究为对象的人工科学。物理学 - 化学在物质结构,也进入了分解与合成的机理和人工分子设计的研究,物理学、化学技术和数学方法,应用于生物学 - 心理学,带来了生物机体的细胞分子网络和遗传信息的研究。 凝聚态物理与电子元件、纳米技术等,以及系统生物工程与人工细胞、分子机器等研究与开发,使得工程生物体与智能机器人,将可能成为未来科学和产业发展的核心方向。 因而,从经验科学、实证科学到人工科学,经历了中古代的工程范式、手工艺技术,到近现代的科学范式、工业制造,而到当代的工程科学、设计艺术和新的制造技术 – 3D 打印技术和生物制造等发展。 -( 未来科学与技术 )-
以下论文尤其是图片非常好和直观地描述了什么将是未来的细胞工厂和生物工业 - 一种新的工业生产与自动控制模式。系统生物工程(1994年)在系统科学理论和现代生物技术、计算机技术等 - 遗传工程和仿生工程在分子细胞生物系统层面整合新的工程学范式 - 涉及生物(转基因和生物炼制)反应器、生物计算机和太阳能生物技术(生物能源和代谢工程)等。1999年筹备国际系统生物科学与工程会议,我用“genomic intelligence”、“artificial biosystem”和细胞内信号传导、基因调控网络的微电子元件和转基因技术的分子、细胞、神经元到神经网络的示意图,2002年在线发布细胞内分子系统模块和细胞通讯设计的遗传学与仿生学整合的“automatic cell - the bio-computer”原理图。 另,据说蒸汽机是水车与鼓风机结合的原理,这让我想起中国明清的纺织业和工商业萌芽,于是来到了江南 。 --------------------------- Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2010 Aug;21(4):572-81. Epub 2010 Aug 9. Programming cells: towards an automated 'Genetic Compiler'. Clancy K , Voigt CA . Life Technologies, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 90028, USA. Abstract One of the visions of synthetic biology is to be able to program cells using a language that is similar to that used to program computers or robotics. For large genetic programs, keeping track of the DNA on the level of nucleotides becomes tedious and error prone, requiring a new generation of computer-aided design (CAD) software. To push the size of projects, it is important to abstract the designer from the process of part selection and optimization. The vision is to specify genetic programs in a higher-level language, which a genetic compiler could automatically convert into a DNA sequence. Steps towards this goal include: defining the semantics of the higher-level language, algorithms to select and assemble parts, and biophysical methods to link DNA sequence to function. These will be coupled to graphic design interfaces and simulation packages to aid in the prediction of program dynamics, optimize genes, and scan projects for errors. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20702081
Colorado Initiative in Molecular Biotechnology, CU Boulder Building - http://bayes.colorado.edu/biotech/building.html EPFL LCSB - http://lcsb.epfl.ch/ ETH - IMSB Institute for Molecular Systems Biology - Center of Biosystems Engineering (C-BSSE) - http://www.imsb.ethz.ch/ Forschungszentrum Jülich - Systems Biotechnology - http://www.fz-juelich.de/ibg/ibg-1/EN/Research/SystemsBiotechnology/_node.html Gallery of Molecular Machines - http://www.wag.caltech.edu/gallery/gallery_nanotec.html Genomics and Systems Biotechnology Laboratory Home - http://gsbl.ucsd.edu/ Life sciences bioengineering, systems and synthetic biology - The IET - http://kn.theiet.org/lifesciences/ Molecular Systems Bioengineering - http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~cmroth/ Molecular Systems Bioengineering Research Group - http://unit.aist.go.jp/bpri/bpri-msbi/index_e.html Nanorex, Inc. - Molecular Machinery Gallery - http://nanoengineer-1.com/content/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=40Itemid=50 Peptide and Protein Building Blocks for Synthetic Biology – EHC Broomley et al. Freelancing science - http://freelancingscience.com/2008/02/04/peptide-and-protein-building-blocks-for-synthetic-biology-ehc-bromley-et-al/ RobAid Robots, gadgets, tech, bionics and green architecture news - http://www.robaid.com/ Ron Weiss - ACM author profile page - http://portal.acm.org/author_page.cfm?id=81332534610coll=GUIDEdl=GUIDEtrk=0CFID=95207127CFTOKEN=89027479 Ron Weiss' Personal Page - http://groups.csail.mit.edu/mac/users/rweiss/ Scientists Glimpse Cellular Machines At Work Inside Living Cells - http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/11/021122074846.htm systems bioengineering - http://vivo.cornell.edu/display/individual26373 Systems Bioengineering - Biomatics.org - http://biomatics.org/index.php/Systems_Bioengineering Systems Biotechnology - http://www.csm.bio.dtu.dk/Research/Systems%20biotechnology.aspx TUM BioVT Systems Biotechnology - http://www.biovt.mw.tum.de/en/systembiotechnologie/ (注:系统生物工程 -SBE 整合了 systems “ biotechnology, bioengineering, biomedical engineering, biosystem engineering ”的概念)
Dear Colleagues, The biosystem science and engineering* --- biosystem patterns, bio-logic of genome and biotechnology of molecular, cellular organ biosystems. Today, we are all experiencing an era of much faster development in world wide molecular biology, computer science genetic engineering. ----- The purpose for the CABSE is ---- on the molecular science and engineering of signaling genetic control of biosystem patterning, the signal transduction regulation of gene expression in cellular, neural network organ morphogenesis, and gene cloning, transgenics, nanotechnology, biomolecular computing . --- investigating the interdisciplinary of various fields. ---- diversified aspects of molecular and cellullar biology of development and evolution of biosystem modules . ---- will cover a wide range of topics on the signal transduction of gene expression, RNA transcription; protein translation, localization and degradation; cell division, DNA replication, mutagenesis, amplication and fragmentation; molecular cloning, recombination, transgenesis, DNA based computation, protein engineering etc. for the best understanding of multiple signals controlling of genomic program in biosystem patterns ---. The CABSE is intended to embrace both --- for computational and experimental biologists ---- We are looking forward to welcome you to attend the CABSE for an exciting scientific and cultural experience. Cordially yours ------------- The (World) Associates for Biosystem Science and Engineering (WABSE), ---for the advancement of investigating the bio-logic foundamentals and bio-industrial applications of the genomic intelligence, artificial biosystems . The biosystem science and engineering is the computational, experimental and engineering manipulation of biosystems , includes the genetic (biopharmacy, transgenesis - the (International) Union of TransGenics (IUTG)) and bionic (nano-robotics, biochip computing) analysis of biosystems in genomes and organisms . The WABSE will promote the research of the biosystem patterning from biomolecules, cellular phenotypes to organic systems such as neural network, vascular systems, and the development of bionic intelligence, transgenic organism etc. for the bio-industrialization. ---- for global cooperation in transgenics and functional genomics, ------, which includes the divisions of nanotechnology, biocomputing and transgenics etc., ------ in response to hold conference exhibition on biosystem science engineering, and publish the Structurity Bulletin (biosystem analytics) ----. -- 1999年-2001 年的会议邀请函及协会介绍(涉及系统 \ 计算机 \ 纳米 \ 生物 \ 医药 \ 工程等广泛领域的通讯,以生物系统技术为主),另有细胞内电子元件与转基因的设计示意图(见博文 -“相对论与结构论”)等 -- 注*: 1968 、 1993 年国际上已有“ systems biology” ( 1989 年为生化代谢与计算生物学), 1910 、 1974 、 1980 年国际上已有 “synthetic biology” ( 1974 年为 DNA 分子重组与合成); 1992 、 1994 年曾杰(邦哲)提出“ system genetics, systems medicine, system bio-engineering”(以生物系统理论为主)- 总称“ systems biological-science” ( 1996 -1999 年转换为 “biosystem science engineering” - wabse/bsse.html及系统理论与生物技术的整合概念, 2007年瑞士ETH建立BSSE - http://www.bsse.ethz.ch/ 系)。 系统生物学 - 理论生物学部分:1)系统科学理论(systems theory)、2)系统数学模型(systems modelling)等。 - 生物技术部分: 1)组学(omics)生物学(功能基因组、高通量实验等)、2)计算生物学(生物信息、e-cell软件模型等)、3)合成生物学(DNA、基因组合成、基因工程等)、4)纳米生物学(生物分子计算、芯片制作等)。 另外: 1996年国际转基因动物学术研讨会 - 我多用“biosystem theory”和“system bio-engineering”。 在 20 世纪最初 “s ystems biology ”和“ biosystem science ” 都是用于生态系统的概念, 21 世纪都转换到分子生物系统研究 。