If you are lack of motivation, please start from here first! 2.If you cannot write out a paper, make your desk look like this first!! 3.If you cannot become a famous professor, make your office look like this first!!
这几天写程序写的凶。顺便搜索C语言之父Dennis Ritchie也搜索得多。 今天看到一个对其同事Brian Kernighan的采访。 参见： http://forbesindia.com/interview/special/brian-kernighan-no-one-thought-c-would-become-so-big/29982/1 其中的两个问答是： Q Did Dennis Ritchie or you ever think C would become so popular? I don’t think that at the time Dennis worked on Unix and C anyone thought these would become as big as they did. Unix, at that time, was a research project inside Bell Labs. 翻译过来就是： 问：以前Dennis Ritchie 或者你曾想过C会变得这么受欢迎吗？ 答：我不认为在Dennis还在创作和完善Unix和C的时候有谁会想到Unix和C会变得如此重要。Unix在那个时候，（只）是一个贝尔实验室内部的研究项目。 （博主注：看来他们没有服务全人类的伟大觉悟啊。开始项目之前也没想什么重大的意义，理论价值、经济社会效益之类的。要是让他们写基金本子不知道会写成啥样哈。） Q Many languages had been in existence when work on Unix and C started. So, what were Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson trying to achieve? Ken Thompson said it fairly well. And Dennis echoed that sentiment. Ken said the goal was to create an operating system that was comfortable and easy to use for programmers. 翻译过来就是： 问：当你们开始研发Unix和C的时候已经有很多现成的编程语言了。那么，Dennis Ritchie和Ken Thompson试图（通过研发Unix和C来）达到什么目标？ 答：Ken Thompson说得很好。Dennis则对他的想法作出了呼应。Ken说目标是创造一个对于程序员们来说使用舒服并且简易的操作系统。 （博主注：Ken将自己视为程序员，可以参见他的图灵获奖演说。所以这里就臆测他和Linus一样，一开始只是为了让自己爽了。） 以前买过一本《牛顿传》（好像是湖北的某个出版社出版的，没有带在身边），书中写到《自然哲学的数学原理》是被哈雷（就是哈雷望远镜纪念的那个哈雷，他和牛顿认识）催着发表的。貌似是这样的经过：一次哈雷和牛顿聊天，聊到万物背后的运动规律，牛顿说，这个我早就已经解决了。哈雷不相信，说“真的假的啊？拿出来看看。”于是牛顿翻箱倒柜的翻出他字迹缭乱的手稿。哈雷看了后意识到它的伟大意义，于是就催促牛顿发表。于是人类历史上第一个关于自然界的统一理论就这么为人所广知。牛顿可能压根就没想着要发表！尤其是后来和胡克（胡克定律的那个胡克）为《原理》吵得不可开交，他非常后悔发表，还因此经常埋怨哈雷。 还有以前在哪本书上看的关于高斯的小故事的介绍。高斯曾经有篇很好的著作（具体是啥我记不得了）在送给德国科学院（好像是德国科学院，记不大准了）检阅无果后，一天准备用其点烟。他的学生看见了，连忙夺之。另外，高斯不喜欢发表他认为不完美的著作的癖好是人所共知的。 貌似这些大牛都是懵懂无知的啊。而且他们的伟大作品貌似都是自私的，或者小私的——Unix和C是为了创作出用着舒服和简易的系统和编程语言以供他们自己然后是贝尔实验室的程序员同事们享用；牛顿的《原理》是为了满足自己的求知欲；高斯是为了审数学之美（博主个人臆断）。 就是今日之Linux都是因为Linus在当大学生的时候没钱买Unix而用Minix又不爽的情形之下自己捣鼓出来的。 他们原来都是自助助人啊！没准哪天艾滋病被攻克，其攻克者要么是艾滋病患者，要么是跟艾滋病病人关系很铁的人。 我们这些搞所谓“科研”或者“研发”的人呢？我只知道好多人的项目内容自己都不好奇也不能受益。没有自助的因素在里面，发现或者发明能助人么，换句话说，能有益社会么，能伟大么？这是个问题。
Nature | E. Lukyanov Meet patients to get your motivation back Biomedical scientists risk forgetting what they’re working for if they don’t connect with the people who are affected by their research, says Tal Nuriel 1 . 04 July 2012 Most research scientists, especially in biomedicine, can probably remember when their early wide-eyed enthusiasm started to wane. For me, it was during my time as a research technician at New York University Langone Medical Center. One afternoon in the lab, I announced that I really wanted to “cure a disease” one day. My comment was innocent and genuine, so I was caught off guard when a couple of postdocs in the lab laughed at it. They told me that researchers don’t ‘cure’ anything any more; at best, they develop drugs effective enough to secure government approval, and even that is nearly impossible. My idealism dampened further as I made my way through my graduate studies at the Weill Cornell Medical College in New York. My work centres around the effects of nitric oxide on Alzheimer’s disease, and although my passion for the work is pure — my grandmother had the disease — I soon abandoned the idea that my research would ever make a real difference to actual people. The realities of research began to weigh on me, and with each failed experiment and exhausting late night, my focus in the lab shifted further away from trying to help people and closer towards trying to complete my thesis and publish enough papers to help me to secure a job after I graduated. I found myself wondering whether there might be ways to halt this shift in focus and motivation, which so many young researchers experience. Then I found one. Back in January, in the middle of my seventh year of graduate studies (please shoot me), I enrolled in a ‘self-expression and leadership’ course, for which I had to organize a community project. And so it was that on a Thursday night in May, a little under 100 people directly affected by Alzheimer’s gathered in a Manhattan bar to meet and mingle with about 20 young researchers, all of whom were trying to, if not cure the disease, then at least lessen its effects. I called the event a Meet the Researchers night, and I was staggered by the interest. I invited patients and care-givers with the help of the local chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association. Immediately after the invitations were sent out, we received a flood of responses, and ten further chapters said that they wanted to organize similar events in their cities. Apparently, meeting young scientists was more desirable than I had foreseen. And my colleagues were equally enthusiastic: with e-mails and help from administrative departments, I was able to recruit graduate students, postdocs and assistant professors from most of the major universities around New York. “It is crazy to me that there is almost no direct contact between patients and researchers.” At the event, all the scientists did an amazing job of welcoming the guests and being patient with their questions. One sat with a rather intense older gentleman for nearly an hour, fielding question after question and smiling all the time. As most of the older guests left and the bar thinned out, many of the researchers turned their attention towards each other. At that point, I realized that an unexpected benefit of the event was that it brought together 20young researchers from the same city and with the same research interests, to meet and interact for the first time. For me, the most touching moment was when I met a woman called Beth, whose father had recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. We discussed research for a while — then Beth started to talk about her father and how his amazing memory had been a source of pride for him before the disease had struck. Her eyes began to fill with tears, and she stopped mid-sentence, the emotions pouring over her. I put my hand on her shoulder and told her that it would be OK, comforting her as best I could. And as she regained her composure and continued with her stories about her dad, I remembered why I had organized this event in the first place. Although I had witnessed the effects of Alzheimer’s disease first hand — both as a child, watching my grandmother’s slow deterioration, and as an adult, witnessing my mother’s anxiety about succumbing to the same fate — it had been a long time since I had directly felt the heartache of seeing a loved one slowly fade away. Talking to Beth, I reconnected with the pain and suffering that this disease causes, and with why research into it is so important. Iremembered that Alzheimer’s disease isn’t just the abstract images of plaques and tangles that I show in my presentations. It is a real and devastating condition and the only real hope for those affected by it — perhaps even for my own mother — is the research that my fellow scientists and I conduct. In my opinion, this sort of event should be repeated on a much grander scale. It is crazy to me that, although the patient community spends countless hours raising money for researchers, and the research community spends countless hours working to find treatments for patients, there is actually almost no direct contact between these groups. If you are a biomedical scientist, there are plenty of reasons to organize a Meet the Researchers event in your area. And I can tell you from experience that doing so will not only renew your motivation in the lab: it will also reconnect you with the reasons you got into science. Journal name: Nature Volume: 487 , Pages: 7 Date published: (05 July 2012) DOI: doi:10.1038/487007a http://www.nature.com/news/meet-patients-to-get-your-motivation-back-1.10943 Related stories Scientists trace a wiring plan for entire mouse brain Alzheimer's disease: A breach in the blood–brain barrier US government sets out Alzheimer’s plan
We have firstly demonstrated that gene transcription itself promoted genome remodelling, which served as a force to recreat genome evolution. Thisfinding is going to be published formally.
新闻报道: http://www.the-scientist.com/blog/display/57133/ ( Sperm motility secrets revealed ) 相关论文: Acid Extrusion from Human Spermatozoa Is Mediated by Flagellar Voltage-Gated Proton Channel http://www.cell.com/abstract/S0092-8674(09)01680-8 Cell, Volume 140, Issue 3 , 327-337, 5 February 2010 Polina V. Lishko , Inna L. Botchkina , Andriy Fedorenko , Yuriy Kirichok Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Mail Code 2140, Genentech Hall, Room N272F, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Highlights Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of human spermatozoa reveal high proton conductance This conductance is due to proton channel Hv1 located in the sperm flagellum Voltage, an alkaline environment, and anandamide activate Hv1 while zinc inhibits it Hv1 activation induces intracellular alkalinization, known to activate sperm motility Summary Human spermatozoa are quiescent in the male reproductive system and must undergo activation once introduced into the female reproductive tract. This process is known to require alkalinization of sperm cytoplasm, but the mechanism responsible for transmembrane proton extrusion has remained unknown because of the inability to measure membrane conductance in human sperm. Here, by successfully patch clamping human spermatozoa, we show that proton channel Hv1 is their dominant proton conductance. Hv1 is confined to the principal piece of the sperm flagellum, where it is expressed at unusually high density. Robust flagellar Hv1-dependent proton conductance is activated by membrane depolarization, an alkaline extracellular environment, endocannabinoid anandamide, and removal of extracellular zinc, a potent Hv1 blocker. Hv1 allows only outward transport of protons and is therefore dedicated to inducing intracellular alkalinization and activating spermatozoa. The importance of Hv1 for sperm activation makes it an attractive target for controlling male fertility.
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