瑞典斯德哥尔摩当地时间5日中午11时30分，2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖在当地的卡罗琳斯卡医学院揭晓，爱尔兰医学研究者 William C. Campbell 、日本学者 Satoshi ōmura 以及中国药学家 屠呦呦 分享此殊荣。 屠呦呦 ，1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波，她1951年考入北京大学医学院，在北大医学院药学系生药专业学习。1955年毕业于北京医学院。她在艰苦的实验条件下，带领团队发现了抗疟特效药物青蒿素，也是第一个获得自然科学类诺贝尔奖的中国人。 Satoshi ōmura ， 1935年7月12日出生于日本山梨县，于1968年在日本东京大学获得药学博士学位，并于1970年在东京理科大学获得化学专业的博士学位。1975年到2007年，他任教于日本北里大学，现已从北里大学荣誉退休。他从链霉菌（ Streptomyces ）中分离出新的菌株，并在实验室中进行培养和表征， 而其中的阿维链霉菌（ Streptomyces avermitilis ）是William C. Campbell发现抗寄生虫药物阿维菌素的基础。 William C. Campbell , 1930年出生于爱尔兰, 他1952年本科毕业于都柏林圣三一学院，并于1957年在美国威斯康辛大学获得博士学位，目前已从美国德鲁大学荣誉退休。他从Satoshi ōmura培养的细菌中提取出阿维菌素（ avermectin ）。人们发现这一化合物可以高效杀灭动物寄生虫。经过化学修饰得到的伊维菌素 （ ivermectin ）被证明对于人体内的寄生虫幼虫具有特效，因此被广泛用于盘尾丝虫病和淋巴丝虫病的治疗。 虽然上述提到疾病对于目前多数中国人而言比较陌生，但我们很难想象全球至今仍有很多人正在被它们所困扰，其中3700万感染盘尾丝虫病，1.2亿感染淋巴丝虫病，2亿感染疟原虫（疟疾）。而且这些人中的大多数生活在热带和亚热带贫困地区，包括非洲，南美洲和南亚的部分国家。 所以这次荣获诺贝尔奖的三位科学家对于改善贫困地区的人群健康状况，挽救全球尤其是发展中国家千百万人的生命做出了重要贡献。 为了庆祝这一奖项，并使更多读者了解相关研究成果的最新进展，我们将以下文献中属于Wiley数据库内的论文免费开放获取。未订阅期刊的读者，也可以登录 Wiley Online Library 下载全文。 NobelPrize.org Selected publications by Campbell J. R. Egerton, D. A. Ostlind, L. S. Blair, C. H. Eary, D. Suhayda, S. Cifelli, R. F. Riek, W. C. Campbell, Avermectins, New Family of Potent Anthelmintic Agents: Efficacy of the B 1a Component, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1979 , 15(3) , 372–378. Link William C. Campbell, Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent, Med. Res. Rev. 1993 , 13(1) , 61–79. DOI: 10.1002/med.2610130103 Selected publications by ōmura Burg et al., Avermectins, New Family of Potent Anthelmintic Agents: Producing Organism and Fermentation, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1979 , 15(3) , 361–367. Link Also of interest and free to read till 10 December, 2015: Takeshi Yamada, Tetsuya Ideguchi-Matsushita, Tomoyasu Hirose, Tatsuya Shirahata, Rei Hokari, Aki Ishiyama, Masato Iwatsuki, Akihiro Sugawara, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Otoguro, Satoshi ōmura, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids Containing an Indoline Spiroaminal Framework, Chem. Eur. J. 2015 , 21 , 11855–11864. DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501150 Takeshi Yamada, Tomoyasu Hirose, Satoshi ōmura, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Organocatalytic α-Addition of Isocyanides to Aldehydes, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2015 , 296–301. DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403313 Hiroyuki Shimamura, Hiroaki Gouda, Kenichiro Nagai, Tomoyasu Hirose, Maki Ichioka, Yujiro Furuya, Yutaka Kobayashi, Shuichi Hirono, Toshiaki Sunazuka, Satoshi Ōmura, Structure Determination and Total Synthesis of Bottromycin A2: A Potent Antibiotic against MRSA and VRE, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009 , 48 , 914–917. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804138 H. Tanaka, S. ōmura, Screening of Novel Receptor-Active Compounds of Microbial Origin, in Biotechnology: Products of Secondary Metabolism , Volume 7, Second Edition eds H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 1997 . DOI: 10.1002/9783527620890.ch3 A. Ducruix, C. Pascard, S. ōmura and A. Nakagawa, 5,9-Diacetyl (3,6)bicycloleuconolide A3, Acta Crystallographica Section B 1977 , 33 (7) , 2314–2316. DOI: 10.1107/S0567740877008334 Selected publications by T u Tu et al., Studies on the constituents of Artemisia annua L ., Yao Xue Xue Bao 1981 , 16 , 366–370 (in Chinese). Link Also of Interest Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 , ChemViews Mag. 2015 . Takaaki Kajita, Japan, and Arthur B. McDonald, Canada, have been awarded for showing that neutrinos have mass Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 , ChemViews Mag. 2015 . Tomas Lindahl, UK, Paul Modrich, USA, and Aziz Sancar, USA, have been awarded for mechanistic studies of DNA repair The Nobel Prize , Veronika Belusa, ChemViews Mag. 2015. Collection of information on the Nobel Prize
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