古植物学的故事（98） 美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之五) 19世纪后期至20世纪初期美国古植物学家Frank Hall Knowlton 孙启高 2011年元月4日 Frank Hall Knowlton (1860 --1926) 是19世纪后期至20世纪初期美国著名的古植物学家。18871896年，F. H. Knowlton担任华盛顿大学（ George Washington University，当时称Columbian University）植物学教授。 18871889年，F. H. Knowlton担任斯密松 (Smithsonian) 国立自然历史博物馆现代植物与化石植物的curator（标本管理与研究负责人）。 18891926年, F. H. Knowlton供职于美国地质调查局。F. H. Knowlton是一位高产的古植物学家，他一生发表了很多论著。他编纂的A catalogue of the Cretaceous and Tertiary plants of North America（1898年）和A catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic plants of North America（1919年）是研究北美地区古植物学的实用工具书。F. H. Knowlton的主要论著有： 1889 Fossil wood and lignite of the Potomac Formation 1898 A catalogue of the Cretaceous and Tertiary plants of North America 1899 Fossil flora of the Yellowstone National Park 1900 Flora of the Montana formation 1902 Fossil flora of the John Day basin, Oregon 1908 Description of a collection of Kootanie plants from the Great Falls coal field of Montana 1909 Birds of the world 1909 ... The stratigraphic relations and paleontology of the Hell creek beds, Ceratops beds and equivalents 1910 Descriptions of fossil plants from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic of North America 1911 Remarks on the fossil turtles accredited to the Judith River formation 1916 The flora of the Fox Hills sandstone 1913 The relations of paleobotany to geology 1914 Fossil forests of the Yellowstone National Park 1914 The Jurassic flora of Cape Lisburne, Alaska 1916 Contributions to the geology and paleontology of San Juan County, New Mexico 1916 A review of the fossil plants in the United States National Museum from the Florissant lake beds at Florissant, Colorado 1917 A fossil flora from the Frontier formation of southwestern Wyoming 1919 A catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic plants of North America 1922 The Laramie flora of the Denver basin 1923 Fossil plants from the Tertiary lake beds of south-central Colorado 1923 Revision of the flora of the Green River formation 1926 Flora of the Latah formation of Spokane, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 1927 Plants of the past 1930 The flora of the Denver and associated formations of Colorado ------------------------------------ 附件 关于F. H. Knowlton的生平资料 关于F. H. Knowlton的详细生平资料，有待进一步整理和研究。 F. H. Knowlton http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1352459/Frank-Hall-Knowlton Frank Hall Knowlton,(b. Sept. 2, 1860, Brandon, Vt., U.S.d. Nov. 22, 1926, Ballston, Va.),U.S. paleobotanist and pioneer in the study of prehistoric climates based on geologic evidence, who discovered much about the distribution and structure of fossilized plants . He was professor of botany at the Columbian (now George Washington) University, Washington, D.C. (188796), and curator of botany and fossil plants at the National Museum, Washington, D.C. (188789). In 1889 he joined the U.S. Geological Survey as an assistant paleontologist and was associated with the survey until his death. Specializing in the microscopic study of internal structures of fossil plants, he discovered many species that flourished during Cretaceous and early Cenozoic times (from 145.5 million to 2.6 million years ago). The studies resulted in the publication of a valuable reference book , A Catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plants of North America (1919). The same year, he published a paper, Evolution of Geologic Climates, that summarized his conclusions about the Earths climate before the Pleistocene Epoch (i.e., prior to 2.6 million years ago). Although the work received adverse criticism, it brought attention to this field of research. Founder and first editor (18971904) of The Plant World, Knowlton published more than 200 papers and many books, including Birds of the World (1909) and Plants of the Past (1927). Citations Frank Hall Knowlton. Encyclopdia Britannica. Encyclopdia Britannica Online. Encyclopdia Britannica, 2011. Web. 03 Jan. 2011. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1352459/Frank-Hall-Knowlton . ------------------
古植物学的故事（97） 美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之四) 19世纪后期至20世纪上半叶美国古植物学家--- Charles Arthur Hollick 孙启高 2011年元月3日 美国古植物学家Charles Arthur Hollick（1857--1933）于1857年2月6日出生纽约附近的New Brighton(Staten Island)。1875年，C. A. Hollick进入哥伦比亚学院（现称哥伦比亚大学）的矿业学院学习。受著名古植物学家John Strong Newberry教授（1822--1892）等人的影响，C. A. Hollick于1877年参加Torrey Botanical Club。1879年，C. A. Hollick从该矿业学院毕业。1897年，C. A. Hollick从华盛顿大学（George Washington University）获得博士学位。 1882年C. A. Hollick和他的朋友在怀俄明（Wyoming）和科罗拉多（Colorado）为J. S. Newberry教授采集植物化石。C. A. Hollick作为私人助手与J. S. Newberry教授保持联系，为J. S. Newberry教授许多出版物中的化石植物和鱼类画图。1890年，J. S. Newberry教授生病，C. A. Hollick受命完成J. S. Newberry的讲课计划，从此积极开始科学研究生涯。1895年，C. A. Hollick协助出版了J. S. Newberry教授的遗作--- Flora of the Amboy Clays。 J. S. Newberry教授1892年去世，哥伦比亚大学的古植物学化石标本于1901年移交给纽约植物园。C. A. Hollick从此与纽约植物园产生工作联系。 19011913年C. A. Hollick担任纽约植物园助理Curator；19131921年担任植物化石的名誉Curator，19211932年担任古植物学家，19321933年担任古植物学兼职研究人员。C. A. Hollick还曾到阿拉斯加、牙买加、波多黎各（Porto Rico）、古巴进行科学考察和标本采集。 除了科学研究之外，C. A. Hollick还积极参与纽约市的政治活动与政府管理。 1933年3月1日，C. A. Hollick逝世。他的研究工作有霍普金斯大学的著名古植物学家E. W. Berry（1875--1945）接替。 C. A. Hollick的重要论著有： 1898 Additions to the palaeobotany of the Cretaceous formation of Staten Island 1903 A fossil petal and a fossil fruit from the Cretaceous (Dakota group) of Kansas 1906 Affinities of certain Cretaceous plant remains commonly referred to the genera Dammara and Brachyphyllum 1906 Systematic palaeontology of the Pleistocene deposits of Maryland: Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta 1906 The Cretaceous flora of southern New York, and New England 1909 Studies of Cretaceous coniferous remains from Kreischerville, New York 1924 A late Tertiary flora from Bahia, Brazil 1927 The flora of the Saint Eugene Silts, Kootenay Valley, British Columbia 1930 The Upper Cretaceous floras of Alaska 1936 The Tertiary floras of Alaska -------------------------------------------- 附件 关于Charles Arthur Hollick（1857 1933）的生平资料 引用(citation)： Charles Arthur Hollick Records (RG5), Archives, The New York Botanical Garden. Acquisition Information http://www.library.nybg.org/finding_guide/archv/hollick_rg5b.html Biography of Charles Arthur Hollick (Charles) Arthur Hollick (1857-1933) was a paleobotanist. He served the New York Botanical Garden (NYBG) as Assistant Curator of the Garden (1901-1913), Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants (1913-1921), Paleobotanist (1921-1932) and Research Associate in Paleobotany (1932-1933). Between 1913 and 1919 he served as Director of the Public Museum of the Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences (now the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences), an organization he was instrumental in founding in 1881. He graduated from Columbia College School of Mines in 1879 and received his Ph.D. from George Washington University in 1897. He made the first paleobotanical survey of Alaska (1903). His findings are published by the U. S. Geological Survey as Professional Papers 159 and 182. He collected for the Maryland Geological Survey in 1901. This work is published in the Pliocene and Pleistocene volume of the Maryland Geological Survey (1906). He collected in New England and New Jersey with E. C. Jeffrey, of Harvard University, another life long friend. He published on the Cretaceous floras of New England for the U. S. G. S. (Monograph 50, 1906). For the general public he produced articles on Palaeobotany for the New International Encyclopaedia (1903) and the Encylopaedia Americana (1904). An expert draughtsman , he created most of the illustrations for his own and J. S. Newberry's publications. N. L. Britton credits Hollick with producing or supervising the drawings for the first Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada Apart from his scientific activities Dr. Hollick participated in New York City politics and government. From 1886 to 1892 he was a member of the Board of Health of New Brighton, Staten Island where he established a sewerage system and abated the smoke nuisance caused by factories in Bayonne, N.J. He was on the Board of Park Commissioners for Richmond County from 1897-1904. He helped to organize the Richmond Borough branch of the Citizens Union and worked for the election of Seth Low, President of Columbia University, to mayor in 1901. He was a member of the New York City Board of Education from 1906 to 1910. Hollick was born in New Brighton, Staten Island on February 6, 1857. Except for periods with the U. S. G. S. in Washington, D. C. and his field trips, he lived in Port Richmond all of his life. A lifelong friend of Nathaniel Lord and Elizabeth Britton, he and Nathaniel met in 1875 when both entered the School of Mines of Columbia College. Influenced by Professor John S. Newberry and his friend John J. Crooke, they joined the Torrey Botanical Club together in 1877. Hollick was Recording Secretary of the Club from 1883 to 1888 and an Associated Editor for many years. Hollick and Britton published A Catalogue of the Plants of Richmond County in 1879, the year both graduated from the School of Mines . In 1881 Britton and Hollick and their colleague William T. Davis became original member of the Natural Science Association of Staten Island. The specimens they collected and those of Hollick's father Dr. Frederick Hollick, an amateur geologist, formed the basis of the natural history collections of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. After graduation, Hollick travelled to California to be Superintendent of the Mexican Mine in Mariposa County, California. In February, 1881 he was appointed Assistant Sanitary Engineer of the Board of Health of the City of New York. He was there for 10 years, during one of the periods of greatest growth and expansion of the City. At one time as many as one thousand unfinished buildings were on his inspection list. Some of the projects he oversaw were the original Madison Square Garden, the Mills Building and the Navarro Flats. In 1882 he, N. L. Britton and W. T. Davis had collected fossil plants in Wyoming and Colorado for Professor J. S. Newberry of Columbia College . He continued his association with Newberry, serving as a private assistant and producing the drawings of fossil plants and fishes for many of Newberrys publications. In 1890 Newberry became ill and Hollick was appointed to fulfill Newberrys lecture schedule. This was the beginning of his active scientific career. In 1892 he was appointed Assistant in Geology. That year, at the Lake Superior mines, he conducted the first practical field geology course in the history of the School of Mines . In 1893 his title was changed to Tutor in Geology. He gave instructions in drawing to students in courses in geology and paleontology. In 1895 he produced, posthumously, Newberry's Flora of the Amboy Clays which he edited from notes and added illustrations. When the paleobotanical collections of Columbia University were transferred to the New York Botanical Garden in 1901, Hollick was placed in charge of them as Assistant Curator. He spent four months in Alaska under the auspices of the U.S. Geological Survey--Division of Alaskan Mineral Resources, Reclamation Service in 1903the first Paleobotanist to do so. With Sidney Paige, he travelled 1000 miles down the Yukon River from Dawson to Anvik collecting materials which were to occupy him for the rest of his career. He wrote two reports on this material, The Upper Cretaceous flora of Alaska, 1930 (Professional Paper 159) and The Tertiary flora of Alaska, 1936 (Professional Paper 182). He did most of his own illustrations for both works. Hollick and the Brittons collected in Jamaica 1908. Between 1913 and 1919, Hollick served as Director of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences; although he was associated with the New York Botanical Garden as Honorary Curator of Fossil Plants. In 1921 he rejoined the New York Botanical Garden as Paleobotanist and in 1932 his title was changed to Research Associate in Paleontology. In 1926 he was part of the expedition to Porto Rico sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and the Government of Porto Rico. His descriptions and illustrations are published in the 7th volume of the Scientific Survey of Porto Rico. His last expedition was to Cuba , December, 1932-Jan., 1933 where, at the age of 76, in the company of Brother Leon, he collected in every province, travelling over 1000 miles by foot, horseback and primitive conveyances. Three months later, following a brief illness, he died on March 1, 1933. His work was taken up by E. W. Berry of Johns Hopkins University .
古植物学的故事（96） 美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之三) 19世纪下半叶至20世纪初美国古植物学的一位代表人物--- William Morris Fontaine 孙启高 2011年元月3日 William Morris Fontaine（1835--1913）是19世纪下半叶至20世纪初美国古植物学的代表人物之一。W. M. Fontaine于1835年12月12日出生于弗吉尼亚州(Louisa County, Virginia)，1856年进入弗吉尼亚大学学习(The University of Virginia)，1859年毕业获得文学硕士学位。 美国内战爆发后，W. M. Fontaine在18611865年参加南方盟军（Confederate Army ）。 18731879年W. M. Fontaine担任西弗吉尼亚大学(The University of West Virginia)化学与地质学教授。 18791911年W. M. Fontaine担任弗吉尼亚大学(The University of Virginia)自然历史与地质学教授(Corcoran Chair of Natural History and Geology)，并兼任该大学Brooks博物馆负责人（Curator）。1911年9月1日W. M. Fontaine退休，但他仍坚持工作。1913年4月30日W. M. Fontaine在弗吉尼亚大学附近的家中去世。 关于W. M. Fontaine的生平，请参见： Watson, Thomas L., 1914. Memoir of William Morris Fontaine, Alumni Bulletin of the University of Virginia, Vol.7:240-249 Alumni bulletin of the University of Virginia - Google Books Result University of Virginia - 1914 Professor William Morris Fontaine, who for thirty-two years (1879-1911) was Corcoran Professor of Natural History and Geology in the University of Virginia, ... W. M. Fontaine教授的科学研究涉及地质学、矿物学和古植物学，他对中生代植物化石的研究非常著名。他的主要论著包括： 1880 The Permian or Upper Carboniferous flora of West Virginia and S.W. Pennsylvania （与White, I. C.合著） 1883 Contributions to the knowledge of the older Mesozoic flora of Virginia 1889 The Potomac or younger Mesozoic flora 1893 Fontaine, W. M. Notes on Some Fossil Plants from the Trinity Division of the Comanche Series of Texas. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1893, Proceedings of the Natural Museum, Volume 16 (934) : pages 261-282 with 8 plates. 1896 The Potomac formation in Virginia ..
古植物学的故事（95） 美国古植物学是如何崛起的？（之二） 19世纪美国古植物学的一位代表人物--John Strong Newberry John Strong Newberry（1822--1892）出生于美国康涅狄克州，系美国医生、探险家、地质学家、古生物学家（古植物学家）和植物学家，于1863年当选为美国科学院首批院士。他是19世纪美国古植物学的代表人物之一。 19世纪50年代，J. S. Newberry到美国西部进行科学探险，他采集了许多研究材料。自1866年起，他担任位于纽约的哥伦比亚学院（现称哥伦比亚大学）的矿业学院教授，讲授地质学与植物学。J. S. Newberry一生发表了大量研究论文，其中包括许多古植物学研究论文，对美国古植物学的发展有很大的促进作用。 孙启高 2011年元月2日 ----------------- J. S. Newberry的重要论著： 1859 The rock oils of Ohio 1860 Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Ohio 1862 A visit to Fort Donelson, Tenn., for the relief of the wounded of Feb'y 15, 1862 1864 Report on the operations of the U.S. Sanitary Commission in the valley of the Mississippi, for the quarter ending Oct. 1st, 1864 1867 Modern scientific investigation 1869 The surface geology of the basin of the Great Lakes and the valley of the Mississippi 1870 The geological position of the remains of elephant and mastodon in North America 1872 The U.S. Sanitary Commission in the valley of the Mississippi 1874 The surface geology of Ohio 1884 Notes on the geology and botany of the country bordering the Northern Pacific Railroad 1886 The flora of the Amboy Clays. (Abstract) 1887 Food and fiber plants of the North American Indians 1888 Fossil fishes and fossil plants of the Triassic rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley 1889 The Paleozoic fishes of North America ? The later extinct floras of North America 1892 Fossil fishes from the Devonian rocks of Ohio 1892 Report on the economical geology of the route of the Ashtabula and New Lisbon rail road 1895 The flora of the Amboy clays ------------------------ Appendix I BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE about John Strong Newberry http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/libr/finding_guide/newbwb3.asp John Strong Newberry (1822-1892) was born in Windsor, Connecticut on 22 December 1822 but lived in Ohio during his boyhood. Like many naturalists of the time, he was self-trained in botany and zoology. He graduated from the Cleveland Medical School in 1848 and traveled to Paris, France to continue medical studies, but he also took courses in botany at the Jardin des Plantes. In the 1850s he accompanied several expeditions and surveys to the American west from which he gained large botanical and geological collections. In 1863 the United States Congress elected him one of fifty original members of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1866 he accepted a professorship at the School of Mines of Columbia University where he taught geology and botany. Soon after he was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and president of the Lyceum of Natural History (later the New York Academy of Sciences) serving for 30 years. Newberry led the Torrey Botanical Club during the period of its greatest activity and growth. At Columbia, he was the teacher and mentor of the young Nathaniel Lord Britton who served as his personal assistant and succeeded him as Professor of Geology and Botany at Columbia University. Newberry died in New Haven, Connecticut in 1892. ------------------- Appendix II John Strong Newberry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Strong_Newberry John Strong Newberry (December 22, 1822 December 7, 1892) was a U.S. geologist , physician, explorer, author, and a member of the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. He was born at Windsor , Conn. Most of his early life was spent in the Western Reserve of Ohio . He graduated from Western Reserve University in 1846 and from Cleveland Medical School in 1848. After two years of study in medicine and paleontology at Paris he established his medical practice in Cleveland (1851). In 1855 he joined an exploring expedition under Lieutenant Williamson, sent out by the War Department to examine the country between San Francisco and the Columbia River . In 1857-58 he acted as geologist to an expedition headed by Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives , sent out to explore the Colorado River , and he served as naturalist on an expedition in 1859 under Captain Macombe, which explored southwestern Colorado and adjacent parts of Utah , Arizona , and New Mexico , finding the remains of the dinosaur Dystrophaeus . He was the first geologist known to visit the Grand Canyon . He was called to a professorship at Columbian (now George Washington ) University in 1857. He was elected a member of the United States Sanitary Commission on 14 June 1861. His medical knowledge and experience in the army led to his becoming an important member of that commission. The first sanitary inspection of troops in the west was made at Cairo, Illinois , by him, in connection with Rev. Henry W. Bellows and Dr. William H. Mussey. In September 1861, he resigned from the Army and became secretary of the Western Department of the Sanitary Commission, having supervision of all the work of the commission in the Mississippi Valley , with headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky . The first distributing depot in the west was opened in Wheeling, West Virginia , on 8 October and was the source from which the hospitals at Wheeling, Clarksburg, Parkersburg, and other military points were supplied with a large part of their equipment. Dr. Newberry organized the whole of the comprehensive machinery of the commission in the large section that was committed to his care, and by his practical suggestions and enthusiasm stimulated the formation of the tributary societies. From 1 September 1861 until 1 July 1866, he expended more than $800,000 in money, and distributed hospital stores that were valued at more than $5,000,000. During this time the names of more than 850,000 soldiers were collected and recorded in the hospital directory in Louisville, and food and shelter were given in the various homes of the commission to more than 1,000,000 soldiers, for whom no other adequate provision was made. In 1866 he was offered the chair of geology and paleontology in the School of Mines, Columbia College (now Columbia University ), which he accepted and held for 24 years. During his connection with this institution, he created a museum of over 100,000 specimens, principally collected by himself , which served to illustrate his lectures in paleontology and economic geology. At that time, it contained the best representations of the mineral resources of the United States to be found anywhere, as well as many unique and remarkable fossils. His other positions were: director of the Ohio Geological Survey ; a member of the Illinois Geological Survey ; president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ; president of the New York Academy of Sciences ; and president of the Torrey Botanical Club . During the World's fair in Philadelphia in 1876 he was one of the judges. He assisted in the organization of the Geological Society of America at Cleveland in 1888, and served on the commission to organize an international geological congress, of which he was president in 1891. The Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London was awarded to him in 1888. Newberry died at New Haven on December 7, 1892. Newberry Crater , Oregon (now in the Newberry National Volcanic Monument ) was named in his honor in 1903. Works Dr. Newberry's separate papers contributed to various periodicals included upward of 200 titles, chiefly in the departments of geology and paleontology, but also in zoology and botany. In addition, he authored or contributed to: Reports of Explorations and Surveys to Ascertain the Most Practical and Economic Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast, Made in 1855-56 (Washington, 1857). His reports on the geology, botany, and zoology of northern California are contained in the sixth volume. Report on the Colorado River of the West, Explored in 1857-58 (Washington, 1861). His observations formed the most interesting material that was gathered by the expedition, and made up fully half of this report. Reports of the Exploring Expedition from Santa F to the Junction of the Grande and Green Rivers (Washington, 1876). A large area of this country was before unknown, but proved to be rich in minerals and to be covered with the traces of an ancient civilization. This information was his contribution to this report. The Rock Oils of Ohio (1859) The U. S. Sanitary Commission in the Valley of the Mississippi (Cleveland, 1871) Iron Resources of the United States (1874) The Structure and Relations of Dinichthys (1875) Report on the Fossil Fishes Collected on the Illinois Geological Survey (1886) The flora of the Amboy Clays. (Abstract) (1886) Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley (1888) Paleozoic Fishes of North America (1889) Later Extinct Floras (1898) References This article incorporates text from an edition of the New International Encyclopedia that is in the public domain . Newberry, John Strong . Appletons' Cyclopdia of American Biography . 1900. Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Newberry, John Strong . Encyclopdia Britannica (Eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. which in turn cites: J. J. Stevenson , Memoir (with a portrait), in the American Geologist (Minneapolis, July, 1893) Further reading C. A. White , Biographical Memoir of John Strong Newberry (Washington, 1908)
古植物学的故事（94） 美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之一) 美国古植物学先驱Charles Lo Lesquereux 美国国土辽阔，植物化石资源丰富，但是其植物化石不可能从各种地层的岩石中自动地走进博物馆。美国古植物学研究取得了巨大成就，但是其研究成果不可能一夜之间从天而降。美国古植物学是如何兴起的、如何崛起的？从本期《古植物学的故事》开始，我们将陆续介绍影响美国古植物学发展历史进程的某些人和某些事，期望对中国古植物学的未来发展和全面崛起有所启示。 美国古植物学的兴起与欧洲古植物学的关系极为密切。Charles Lo Lesquereux（1806--1889）系瑞士苔藓植物学家，1847前后年跟随著名科学家 Louis Agassiz (1807--1873)到美国闯荡。C. L. Lesquereux一方面在美国继续开展苔藓植物的研究，发表了一些论著，另一方面开拓了美国化石植物的研究。作为美国几个州立地质调查局的顾问，他对美国古生代植物化石进行了开拓性研究。他对美国古植物学的杰出贡献是：系统地研究了宾夕法利亚州和其他州石炭纪植物群，发表一系列有长期影响的论著。因此，C. L. Lesquereux是美国古植物学的先驱。 1864年，C. L. Lesquereux当选为美国科学院院士。 孙启高 2011年元月2日 ---------------------- Charles Lo Lesquereux重要论著 1844 Quelques recherches sur les marais tourbeux en ge?ne?ral 1858 The fossil plants of the coal measures of the United States 1866 On fucoides in the coal formations 1868 A catalogue of the species of mosses found, up to the present time, on the northwest coast of the United States, and especially in California 1874 Contributions to the fossil flora of the western territories .. 1879 Description of the coal flora of the Carboniferous formation in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States 1884 Manual of the mosses of North America 1891 The flora of the Dakota group Letters Written from America 1849--1853 ---------------------- Appendix ILeo Lesquereux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Lesquereux Charles Lo Lesquereux (November 18, 1806 - October 25, 1889) was a Swiss bryologist and a pioneer of American paleobotany . He was born in the town of Fleurier , located in the canton of Neuchtel . Due to a childhood accident, Lesquereux suffered from progressive hearing loss that eventually led to total deafness. Despite the fact he lacked formal training in botany , he became a celebrated figure in the field of paleobotany. Until 1827 he took classes at the academy at Neuchtel , and subsequently worked as a tutor of French language in Eisenach . Afterwards he returned to Switzerland as a schoolteacher, and later principal in the town of Locle . Within three years his hearing had deteriorated to the point he had to give up his teaching job. As a young man he took many excursions collecting rare mosses in the Jura Mountains , which eventually led to investigations of peat bogs . His pioneer research and analysis regarding the origin, composition and development of peat resulted in a close friendship with famed scientist Louis Agassiz (1807-1873). Soon afterwards, Lesquereux was commissioned by the Prussian government to perform scientific studies of peat bogs throughout Europe. In 1847 Lesquereux followed Agassiz to the United States , where he performed bryological research with William Starling Sullivant (1803-1873) in Columbus, Ohio . With Sullivant, he published two editions of a treatise called Musci Exsiccati Americani (1856, 1865). Another important work on American bryology by Lesquereux was the two volume Icones Muscorum (1864), which was a summary of mosses found in the eastern United States . Based on his past studies of European peat bogs, Lesquereux developed theories concerning the origin of coal formations. As a consultant for state geological surveys in several U.S. states, he performed pioneer investigations of Paleozoic flora. From these paleobotanical studies, his best work was a study of carboniferous flora of Pennsylvania titled Description of the Coal Flora of the Carboniferous Formation in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States (1879-84), which was a three-volume publication that became the standard for U.S. carboniferous flora. The plant genus Lesquerella from the family Brassicaceae is named in his honor. Lesquereux died at the age of 82 on October 25, 1889 in Columbus. The standard author abbreviation Lesq. is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name . References American Philosophical Society (biography) History of Geology by A. Schmidt (biography) ^ Author Query . International Plant Names Index . http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do . ---------------- Appendix II http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pageLA-LE.html LESQUEREUX, Leo, paleontologist, born in Fleurier, Switzerland, 18 November, 1806. He was destined for the church by his mother, but, on entering the academy of Neuchatel, met Arnold Guyot, and together they became devoted to natural science. After completing his course at the academy in 1827, he went to Eisenach for the purpose of perfecting himself in the German language preparatory to entering the University of Berlin, and supported himself by teaching French. From 1829 till 1834 he was principal of the college at Chaux de Fonds, but , becoming deaf, he was obliged to give up this place. He then worked at engraving, and also made watch springs until 1848. Meanwhile he had begun the study of mosses and of fossil botany, becoming interested also in the subject of peat, its production, and possible reproduction. His knowledge of this subject led to his engagement by the government of Neuchatel to examine the peat-bogs of that canton, and later, under the patronage of the king of Prussia, he explored the peat bogs of northern Europe. His researches gained for him in 1844 a gold medal, which was awarded by the government of Neuchatel for the best popular treatise on the formation of peat . In 1848 he came to the United States , and at first made his home in Cambridge , where he assisted Louis Agassiz for a time, but soon removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he has since lived. There he became first associated with William S. Sullivant in the study of American bryology. Together they published Musci Americani Exsiccati (1856; 2d ed. 1865), and subsequently he assisted Mr. Sullivant in the examination of the mosses that had been collected by Captain Charles Wilkes on the South Pacific exploring expedition and by Lieutenant Amiel W. Whippie on the Pacific railroad exploration, and finally in his Icones Muscorum (Cambridge, 1864). His own most valuable researches, beginning in 1850, were studies of the coal formations of Ohio , Pennsylvania , Illinois , Kentucky , and Arkansas , on which he contributed memoirs to the reports of the state surveys. His investigations on the coal flora of Pennsylvania are of special value. He prepared a Catalogue of the Fossil Plants which have been named or described from the Coal Measures of North America for the reports of Henry D. Rogers in 1858, and in 1884 furnished The Coal Flora (3 vols. of text, with an atlas) for the second geological survey of Pennsylvania, which is regarded as the most important work on carboniferous plants that has thus far appeared in the United States. Since 1868 parts of the materia in fossil botany have been referred to him by the various national surveys in the field, and he has contributed to their reports the results of his investigations. He is a member of more than twenty scientific societies in the United States and Europe, and in 1864 was the first member that was elected to the National academy of sciences. The titles of his publications are more than fifty in number, and include twelve important volumes on the, natural history of the United States, besides which he has published Letters written on Germany (Neuchatel, 1846) and Letters written on America (1847-'55). He has also published, with Thomas P. James, Manual of the Mosses of North America (Boston, 1884). Edited Appletons Encyclopedia, Copyright 2001 VirtualologyTM ----------------- Appendix III http://www.famousamericans.net/leolesquereux/ lesueur'ii: after paleobotanist Charles Leo Lesquereux (1805-1889). The following is quoted from the Virtual American Biographies online series: ...born in Fleurier, Switzerland, 18 November, 1806. He was destined for the church by his mother, but, on entering the academy of Neuchatel, met Arnold Guyot, and together they became devoted to natural science. After completing his course at the academy in 1827, he went to Eisenach for the purpose of perfecting himself in the German language preparatory to entering the University of Berlin, and supported himself by teaching French. From 1829 until 1834 he was principal of the college at Chaux de Fonds, but, becoming deaf, he was obliged to give up this place. He then worked at engraving, and also made watch springs until 1848. Meanwhile he had begun the study of mosses and of fossil botany, becoming interested also in the subject of peat, its production, and possible reproduction. His knowledge of this subject led to his engagement by the government of Neuchatel to examine the peat-bogs of that canton, and later, under the patronage of the king of Prussia, he explored the peat bogs of northern Europe. His researches gained for him in 1844 a gold medal, which was awarded by the government of Neuchatel for the best popular treatise on the formation of peat. In 1848 he came to the United States, and at first made his home in Cambridge, where he assisted Louis Agassiz for a time, but soon removed to Columbus, Ohio, where he has since lived. There he became first associated with William S. Sullivant in the study of American bryology. Together they published Musci Americani Exsiccati (1856; 2d ed. 1865), and subsequently he assisted Mr. Sullivant in the examination of the mosses that had been collected by Captain Charles Wilkes on the South Pacific exploring expedition and by Lieutenant Amiel W. Whipple on the Pacific railroad exploration, and finally in his Icones Muscorum (Cambridge, 1864). His own most valuable researches, beginning in 1850, were studies of the coal formations of Ohio , Pennsylvania , Illinois , Kentucky , and Arkansas , on which he contributed memoirs to the reports of the state surveys. His investigations on the coal flora of Pennsylvania are of special value. He prepared a Catalogue of the Fossil Plants which have been named or described from the Coal Measures of North America for the reports of Henry D. Rogers in 1858, and in 1884 furnished The Coal Flora (3 vols. of text, with an atlas) for the second geological survey of Pennsylvania, which is regarded as the most important work on carboniferous plants that has thus far appeared in the United States. Since 1868 parts of the material in fossil botany have been referred to him by the various national surveys in the field, and he has contributed to their reports the results of his investigations. He is a member of more than twenty scientific societies in the United States and Europe , and in 1864 was the first member that was elected to the National academy of sciences. The titles of his publications are more than fifty in number, and include twelve important volumes on the, natural history of the United States, besides which he has published Letters written on Germany (Neuchatel, 1846) and Letters written on America (1847-1855). He has also published, with Thomas P. James, Manual of the Mosses of North America ( Boston , 1884) . I am curious as to how the name Lesquereux became lesueurii, and if anyoone knows for sure please let me know. David Hollombe sent me the following note: Bolander didn't explain 'leseurii.' Later botanists have guessed that he might have intended to name the species for Lesquereux, who had introduced him to botany, but it's possible he meant to name it for someone else, such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur (the spelling name was later changed to lesueurii), but why he would name it for him I don't see. Most likely someone else involved in the printing of the Calif. Academy's 'Proceedings' is responsible for the mistake? Bolander would only have been about fifteen when Lesueur died, and that was about his age when he came to the United States from Germany, so he couldn't have known him personally, and although Lesueur did spend twenty-some years in Philadelphia and Indiana, he apparently never travelled to or collected in the West. A website of the Harvard University Herbaria, however, does say that he was introduced to the study of plants by his neighbor, Leo Lesquereux, a paleobotanist and bryologist, so this is the likely derivation despite the spelling discrepancy (ref. Juncus lesueurii)
标签: 美国古植物学
