基底核 X 区域的 FoxP2 表达水平下降导致 斑胸草雀不能完整和准确的模仿成鸟 鸣唱 熊荣川 译 摘要：编码叉头域转录因子的基因 FOXP2 对于人类语言的说话能力的发育非常重要。 FOXP2 的突变导致发育性言语障碍，这种言语和语言缺陷表现为不能流利的说话及不能正确的使用和理解语法。 FOXP2 患者的基底核的纹状体在结构和功能上都表现异常，但是 FOXP2 表达水平较高。 因为人类和鸣禽在言语发声学习上表现出行为和神经上的相似性，使得鸣禽成为很好的研究语言及其障碍病因机理的理想模型。当 斑胸草雀 开始学习鸣唱时，其基底核中鸣唱学习所必需的结构 X 区域 FoxP2 表达增加。 本文使用慢病毒介导的 RNA 干扰减少鸣唱发育时期 X 区域的 FoxP2 表达水平。结果导致被试个体对示范者鸣唱的模仿变得不够完整和准确 。这种不精确的模仿现象明显地从早期的鸣唱发生阶段一直持续到成年时期。成年被试鸣唱的发声结构和鸣唱持续时间都易于正常个体，这和上面提到的发育性言语障碍儿童不能正常说话相似。 我们的研究是第一个对鸣禽功能基因进行分析的研究个例，我们推断正常的听觉导向的发声动作需要 FoxP2 发挥作用。 原文摘要 The gene encoding the forkhead box transcription factor, FOXP2 , is essential for developing the full articulatory power of human language. Mutations of FOXP2 cause developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD), a speech and language disorder that compromises the fluent production of words and the correct use and comprehension of grammar. FOXP2 patients have structural and functional abnormalities in the striatum of the basal ganglia, which also express high levels of FOXP2 . Since human speech and learned vocalizations in songbirds bear behavioral and neural parallels, songbirds provide a genuine model for investigating the basic principles of speech and its pathologies. In zebra finch Area X, a basal ganglia structure necessary for song learning, FoxP2 expression increases during the time when song learning occurs. Here, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) to reduce FoxP2 levels in Area X during song development. Knockdown of FoxP2 resulted in an incomplete and inaccurate imitation of tutor song. Inaccurate vocal imitation was already evident early during song ontogeny and persisted into adulthood. The acoustic structure and the duration of adult song syllables were abnormally variable, similar to word production in children with DVD. Our findings provide the first example of a functional gene analysis in songbirds and suggest that normal auditory-guided vocal motor learning requires FoxP2. ( Haesler et al., 2007 ) 参考文献： Haesler S., Rochefort C., Georgi B., Licznerski P., Osten P.,Scharff C. (2007). "Incomplete and inaccurate vocal imitation after knockdown of FoxP2 in songbird basal ganglia nucleus Area X." PLoS Biol 5 (12): e321.
标签: 发声学习
