Smashingthe Moon Accelerating Global Warming Yang Xuexiang 1,2 Chen Dianyou 3 (1. College of Geo-exploration Science andTechnology ， Jilin University, Changchun130026; 2. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing100012; 3. College of Mathematics Science ) Abstract ： The existence ofthe Lunar has its advantages as well as disadvantages. Many dynamic phenomenaare related to the lunar due to that the rate of masses of the earth and thelunar is maximum. That probably is the reason of the life existence on theearth. The tide resulted from the moon gravitational force is the root of somedisasters, however, it can also reduce the green house effect and regulate thetemperature, this is an obvious fact. It is proved that the moon is the thermostatof the earth. The greenhouse effect would be out of control without the moon,and the tendency for the global warming up would be critical, it is a risk tosmash the moon under the condition that the advantage and disadvantage is unclearto us. Keywords ： Moon, tide, global warming, El Nino, life existence, greenhouse effect. At the beginning of the 21 st century, the world is facingtoo many natural and artificial disasters, man is also facing various decisionsdifficult to be made. The US economy has been kept increasing for 10 years, nowit is declining dramatically, moreover, it became even poorer since “911” terrorattack. The peace in middle east is being hold up. The conflict between Israeland Palestine lead to the disaster of humanitarianism ； The evidence for the earthwarming-up is more clear year by year and natural disaster occurs frequentlyand economic loss in miserable situation, moreover the evil consequence fromthe of lose of control technologically and overage development is more seriousyear after year and the daily ecological environment of Man is trending towardsdeteriorated. How could we envisage the world economic decay, terror attack,global warming, and cologne man et al. 1. A new world shaking choice: Smashing theMoon According to the report from South Daily on May 10 th that5 scientists from Russia represented by Vladimir( Flarjimer. Keluyinsiji) said that most of the disasters occurred on Earth are resulted from the Moon.,therefore, they proposed to the Russian Government that the moon should besmashed. It is believed by Keluyinsiji thatRussian is located in North hemisphere and most of the country is near to theArctic Ocean, the winter is too long and agriculture is greatly affected bythat, all these problems are caused by the moon gravitation. The moon isdrawing the earth just like a weight throw and is making tide up and down, andcausing natural disaster. The strong gravity from the moon is dragging theearth moving not in its original route, therefore, while it is rotating, theearth rotates the sun with awkward tilting way, the strong gravity from themoon drags away the earth, this is the main reason why the climate changesuncertainly. The earth will not be tilted if the moon is smashed, if the obliquityof the earth to the moon turned to be zero, it means that season changes woulddisappear on the earth, and the earth shall possess suitable climate and therewould be no winter in Russian again, and spring should be always in some placesforever, desert would become into oasis, crops would grow prosperously and manwould have no threat of famine again if the time arrives. It is disclosed by Keluyinsiji thatit is simply easy for the man to smash the moon, only 60 million tons ofnuclear bomb is loaded onto the Russian Federal typed Rockets, can the rocketwith nuclear bomb sent to the moon smash the moon, the problem is whetherRussia and other countries agree to do this or not. It is said that the 5scientists have formally submit their proposal to Russian government, anofficial from the Kremlin who did not like to disclose his name says that thehigh official of government feels this proposal not only novelty but give thema deep impression. The government promised to the scientist that they willstudy the feasibility of this proposal carefully. The climate at different latitudeof the earth will be greatly affected if the moon is smashed. This proposalwill bring the every country to face the difficult decision which has closerelationship with benefit of their nationality. 2. The affect of the moon to El Nino The proposal from the 5scientists represented by Keluyinsiji has its ownbases. The nature disasters such as drought, flood, earthquake, volcaniceruption and El Nino have close relationship with the moon activity. It isshown by the recent study that the differential rotation between earth fluidand its solid parts caused by temperature difference and tidal force willbecome strengthen under the interaction of Coriolis forces, the obviousevidence is such like trade wind, typhoon, storm surge, ocean-flow orbiting/moving continent and abnormal big tide. It is shown by the recent calculation that relative to earth, thesun is swing between Tropic of cancer and tropic of Capricorn, this makes thefluid concussion and admixture from south to north relative to solid. Becauseof the obstruct of continent, there are respectively 6605998, 5251 and 368 km 3 of aerosphere, sea water and fluid of liquid core will flow into southhemisphere and north hemisphere, and the flow will be drifted westwards oreastwards acceleratedly by the action of Coriolis Forces, this makes theincrease of differential rotation speed of each sphere, it is the main reasonfor oceanic heat exchange and cool water from the two poles intruding theequator which makes the Atlantic warm water become cool. 4 eclipses and 3 planet opposability occurred near vernalequinox and autumnal equinox in 1997 increase the strength of water from twopoles intruding the equator and the Atlantic warm water becoming cool,therefore, strong El Nino Event is formed (Yang Xuexiang, 1998,1999,2000a-2000d,2001a-2001d,2002a-2002d, 2003a-2003d). From 1882 to 1998, there were 31 years without eclipses during which17 El Nino Events occurred in the same year, which is about 55% of the totalevents, and only 4 El Nino Events occurred before or after 1 year of eclipsesand 2 El Nino Events occurred before or after 2 years of eclipses. It isindicated that the phase difference between eclipses year and El Nino year is 2years at most. The tidal deformation is in its weakest/lowest value during theyear without eclipses, and it is the most important evidence for predicting ElNino. There is no eclipses in 2002,there might have El Nino event occurred from2001 to 2004. The solar and moon eclipses is resulted from the collineation andcontrolled by Saro period (Saro is 18year and 10.33~11.33days), therefore, ithas a close relationship with strong tides. According to the study of LinZhenshan et al (1999). Each sun eclipses occurred in high latitude or polarareas make the falling air flow become week at polar region, thus, east wind atequator becomes week also. However, there would be 3—6 sun eclipses occurredcontinuously within 1-2years at medium latitude area, which may induce El NinoEvent. Solar eclipses has a close relationship with strong tide bylunisolar tide, which controls thedistributionanomaly of heat energy, the strong tide controls the distribution anomaly ofkinetic energy. 18.6 year period of declination angle is not only the cause ofstrong tide for aerosphere and ocean but the cause for magma tide ofasthenosphere and liquid core tide in the outer core. It is shown by the dataverification that the phase difference between Sun eclipses and El Nino is 12—24months, and the phase difference between declination period of the moon andSaros period is 0.6 year may be the main reason for above-mentioned phasedifference. After the maximum value of the 2 periods coincides with each other,the phase difference of the 2 maximum values is 7.2 months after the firstperiods; 14.4months after the second period,21.6months after the third period,this is the main reason why El Nino event is not follow the Saro periodstrictly. The differential rotation between solid and fluid caused by tidalforce can explain a 1500 to 1800-year cycle of the climate change temperatureuncovered. Strong tides increase the vertical and horizontal mixing of water inthe oceans, drawing the cold / warm Pacific water from the depths/west to thesurface / east, where it cools / warms the atmosphere above, and makes La Nina/ El Nino occur in the whole world. The Astronomical data have been shown thatstrong tides are associated with El Nino events, Volcano activities on thebottom of the sea are also controlled by strong tides, drawing warm water fromthe depths to the surface in the Pacific, erupting ashes to keep out sunlight,which is the most important external forcing factor for El Nino. When volcanicashes reached the stratosphere, some of lesser aerosols spread through out theglobe during a few months and would be floating in it for one to three yearsand falling over the areas of the pole, which would weaken the sun’s directradiation in the pole just like solar eclipse (Yang Xuexiang, 2002d). 3. The affect of the moon to volcanicactivity and earthquakes Earthquake and volcanic tectonic activities have a relationship with18.6 year period solid tide which is called magma tide (Du Pinren, 1994). Thevolcanic erupting material can reach to the height of 1—40km, last time fromseveral week to over 10 years, volcanic eruption at low latitude can diffuseall over the earth, and keeps its high content at medium and high latitude,finally falls down at polar caps. The volcanic ash can reduce sun radiation,and can greatly affect the area of medium and high area, for example, theeruption of Argonne volcano （ 8.5 o S,115.5 o E at Bali island of Indonesia inMarch,1963, St. Helen volcano (St. Helens; 46 o N,122 o W)of USA erupted in May, 1980, these eruption results in the decrease 15% of thesun direct radiation, and makes the temperature in North hemisphere, the temperaturedecrease is about 18 months behind the eruption. There is an obvious lowtemperature periods, foe example, there were 6 low temperature summers in ournortheast China from 1951 to 1985, which we called it low temperature disasteryears, there were 5 low temperature years occurred after 1-2 years when the 2grade volcano is erupted, volcanic ash shades the sun light and makes theclimate become cold (Guo Zengjian et al, 1996). When the ash falls down atpolar areas, it greatly affected the sun radiation dose in polar region, thiseffect is same as the effect when the solar eclipses effected the El Nino, itis the main factors that controls the delay of El Nino event(low latitudeeruption) and excitation (high latitude eruption). From 1920s to 1950s, it is aweak period for volcanic eruption, it is also a weak period for oceanic El Ninoevent and the strength is also weak, since 1950s, the volcanic activitiesbecame more around the world, and in the mean time, the there were more El Ninoevents occurred among oceans and their strength was also strong. According tothe statistics from about 100 years, about 75% of El Nini event occurred afterone and half or 2 years when the volcano erupted. At the end of June in 2000, volcanic and seismic events started atIzu islands south of Tokyo. Following the event, extraordinary crustaldeformation was observed around the Izue islands. Until the end of August, boththe volcanic and seismic activities were high. It is suggested that the crustaldeformation was caused by a dyke intrusion event at Izu islands and concernedwith strong tides. Tidal model on sea-floor spreading is proposed based on theobservational data and calculative data (Yang Xuexiang, 2003b,2003c). Tides and El Nino events make the oceanic water in East PacificOcean and West Pacific Ocean go up and down 1500px oppositely, which make oceaniccrust fall or rise 500px. It is the reason why El Nino events are interrelatedwith the earthquakes and volcanoes. This phenomenon is just like “seesaw”. Thesame process is not only in Pacific Ocean, but also in Indian Ocean. This isthe reason for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Rising up. The denudation and sedimentalso make the crust move as seesaw. It is shown by calculation that effect ofdenudation and sediment for fifty years bring to bear moment M = 4.36 × 10 14 N · m on the end of continental andoceanic crust(Yang Xuexiang, 2003a). 4. The Influence of Lunar Orbit Over theIntensive Precipitation The included angle between the lunar orbital plane and the equatorialplane is defined as the lunar declination angle. The degree of the angle isfull of variety and ranges from 18.5’to 18.6’. The cycle is 18.6 year. According to the study result of Mr. GuoZengjian’s team(1996), the projective point of the lunar delination angle isfar away from the main land of China when its degree is minimum. Therefore, thecrust warping caused is small and at the meantime the moisture that carrying theheat out being released from underground is less. Consequently, the collidingbetween the tropical air and high latitude cold air mass is not happened easilyat the mainland of China with the result that the falling capacity is reducingand the drought is forming. In the years of 1941~1942, 1959~1960, 1978 and 1997which the degrees of the lunar delination angle is minimum, the seriousdroughts occurred in China. The result of calculation indicates that when thedegree of the angle is maximum the changing of crustal volume is 2.3 times asmuch as it when the degree of the angle is minimum. Therefore, the crustaldeformation caused by tides is not only the cause of formation of earthquakebut also is the cause of formation of the intensive precipitation (YangXuexiang, 1999). The crustal deformation caused by the change of the lunardelination angle has strengthened the atmosphere falling process by thefunction of heat and vapor extractions of the crust and earth mantle. In theyears that the degrees of the lunar delination angles were maximum, there wereseveral serious floods occurred in succession, such as the serious floods ofZhujiang* River(1915), Huaihe* River Changjiang River (1932),Songhuajiang River (1932), Yellow River* (1933), Zhujiang* River(1949), LiaoheRiver (1951), Songhuajiang River (1969), Liaohe River (1986) Remark: The onesmarked with * were extraordinary floods. El Nino event occurred in each year mentionedabove without exception (Yang Xuexiang, 2001d). The interact between the sun and the lunar on tide generating forcecan be strengthened and the crustal deformation can be enlarged when these twostars are suspension. Around the years that the sun and the lunar aresuspension, there were serious floods occurred in succession, such as theserious floods of Huaihe River * Changjiang River * (1954), Haihe River Songhuajiang River* (1956), Huaihe Haihe* (1963), Yellow River (1964),Huaihe River* (1975), Yellow River* Changjiang River* (1981), ZhujiangRiver (1982), Changjiang River (1983), Huaihe River*/ChangjiangRiver*/Songhuajiang River*(1991). Due to El Nino is related to strong tides, El Nino is also relatedthe serious flood year to a great extent. There were 44 El Nino years in theduration of the period from 1900 to 2000. In those years there were 19 seriousfloods. There were 11 serious floods occurred in the years around. The floodscaused by El Nino account for eighty eight per cent of the total of the Chinesefloods(Yang Xuexiang, 2001d). 5. The Lunar Is a Thermostat of the Earth Theexistence of the Lunar has its advantages as well as disadvantages. Manydynamic phenomena are related to the lunar due to that the rate of masses ofthe earth and the lunar is maximum. That probably is the reason of the life existenceon the earth. We should appreciate first the lunar for the regulating andcontrol effect because the surface temperature is suitable for human’s subsistence.On the contrary, the life is difficult to subsist due to the great temperaturevariation and the adverse circumstances of those extraterrestrial planets. The American Scientists believe that the lunar is a thermostat whichcan regulate and control the green-house effect. The lunar was able to make theperiodic temperature variation happened on the earth by influencing the tidesof the earth, ever said Mr. Charles of the Oceanographic Research Institutewhich belongs to Sentiago Branch of California University. After years oflook to the Sun to explain the natural cycles of the climate, scientists saythey have found a major new influence--- the Moon. American researchers believethe Earth’s inert satellite not only triggered a little ice age 500 years ago,but is on course to warm the world for several hundred years to come, evenwithout the greenhouse effect. The Moon resetsthe planet’s thermostat through its influence on the tides, says CharlesKeeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University ofCalifornia, San Diego. He says lunar oscillations explain an intriguing 1500 to1800-year cycle in the world’s temperature uncovered three years ago by GerardBond of the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University inPalisades, New York. This puts the Earth in the middle of a warming phase thatbegan at the end of the little ice age, and will carry on until the 24 th century. Bond(1993,1997)unearthed this rhythmic fluctuation between warm and cold eras by analysingsediment cores from the Atlantic Ocean. He has now traced the cycle back morethan 100 000 years to the last major ice age. “It seems to be the pacemaker ofrapid climate change,” he says. But he had no explanation for this cycle. But Keeling andhis colleague Timothy Whorf think they know what’s going on. They say that thechanging alignment of the Earth, Moon and Sun causes gradual changes in thestrength of tides on the same timescale as Bond’s climate cycle. Strong tides,Keeling says, “increase the vertical mixing of water in the oceans, drawingcold ocean water from the depths to the surface, where it cools the atmosphereabove”. Weak tides reduce this mixing---keeping the cold water at the bottom ofthe sea out of contact with the atmosphere, allowing the world to warm.“Charles’s idea is very interesting---absolutely a possible explanation,” saysBond. Keeling’s calculations show that tides reached their maximumstrength around 1425 in the depths of the little ice age when the River Thamesfrequently froze over in London. Since then the tides have weakened and willnot peak again until around 3100. Although other forces are at work, he says,the 1800-year-cycle has been “the principal driver of climate change” for thepast 10 000 years. Keeling, who first demonstrated the accumulation of greenhouse gasesin the atmosphere forty years ago, says his findings do not contradict the ideathat these gases are warming the world. Instead, they make it all the moreimportant that the world redoubles its efforts to control greenhouse gases (FredPearce, 2000). The warm period of the earth last until the 24th century from theend of the Little Ice Age due to this effect. After that, the earth custom willbe colder and colder follow the tide is strengthened more and more. The lunar tide is 2.17 times as much as the Sun tide. If the lunaris destroyed, the strength of the oceanic tide on the earth will reduced to1/3. In that case the cold water in the ocean deep will be difficult to bebrought to the surface of the ocean and the global custom will be warmer andwarmer. Without doubt, it will make the trend of warming up the custom on aglobal scale on aggravation (Yang Xuexiang, 1998,1999,2001,2002). 6. The contribution of Lunar tide toreducing greenhouse effect The carbon content in continent and ocean is much more than that ofaerosphere, if the carbon stored in ocean release 2%, the carbon content in theair will increase 2 times, the carbon content in the air in Cretaceous is 8~10times than that of present, the content of CO 2 and CH 4 atthe last peak ice age reduced 30—40% and 50% respectively than now, the airrelease from tectonic activities and air discharge from ocean temperatureincrease is the main reasons. It is found that the energy held in CH 4 crystalat the ocean bottom is more than that of all fossil fuel, however, these CH 4 hydrate ore is very brittle, therefore, the air escaped from CH 4 mayaggravate the global warming up, obviously, tectonic activity and oceanictemperature increase is the main reason for the air from green house cominginto aerosphere from mantle and ocean, moreover, the high precipitation andstrong tides is the main reason for CO 2 from aerosphere transferringto ocean. The cycle of CO 2 between ocean and aeroshpere iscontrolled by upstream flow and downstream flow. The water body at highlatitude contains great amount of CO 2 before settlement, and thewater body goes up at the equator and release CO 2 , its present ratesis 3~5 × 10 10 t/a.This cycle is not in its balance status, obviously, strong tide bring the coolwaters at the deep ocean up to the ocean surface and the cool water can absorbmore CO 2 from the air, therefore, this result in CO 2 concentrated in the sea bottom. The strong earthquakes in the ocean bottom can bringthe cool waters at the deep ocean up to the ocean surface also and make theglobal climate cooling (Guo Zhengjian, 2002). Carbon cycle is one of the complex earth processes, the CO 2 in the air is supplied by ocean and continent, and the content of CO 2 in ocean is about 50 times than that in the air. 60% of CO 2 from theman activities is contained in the air, the rest is absorbed by the ocean,which the absorb ratio in ocean is 2 × 10 9 t/a, the strong tide will speed up the absorbing of CO 2 of the aerosphere into ocean and reduce greenhouse effect, this function of thetide can not be neglected or replaced. Tide will become weak and green houseeffect become strong if the moon is smashed. According to the report from “New Culture Daily” on May 18th, 2002,page A4, the speed for the warming up of the whole global is speeded up, theicebergs separated from Antarctic tends to be more and more, and the thicknessof Arctic ice was reducing from 4.8m to 2.7m, many polar bear died of coldtemperature, and the butterflies flied northward as fast as they can. Hightemperature weather occurred in South India last week unusually, thetemperature reached 49.50C in some places, 622 persons died of the hot weather.The tide resulted from the moon gravitational force is the root of somedisasters, however, it can also reduce the green house effect and regulate thetemperature, this is an obvious fact. It is proved that the moon is the thermostat of the earth. Thegreenhouse effect would be out of control without the moon, and the tendencyfor the global warming up would be critical, it is a risk to smash the moonunder the condition that the advantage and disadvantage is unclear to us. Reference Bond G, Broecker W, Johnsen S, et al. Correlations between climaterecord from North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice. Nature,1993,365:143~147 Bond G, Showers W, Cheseby M, et al. A pervasive millennial-scale cyclein North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates. 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Tidal model of sea-floor spreading . Journal ofGeodesy and Geodynamics. 2003c,23(2):77-80. (in Chinese) Yang Xuexiang. El Nino prediction. Scientific technology andEngineering (in Chinese). 2003d, 3(2);155. 摧毁月球将加速全球变暖 杨学祥 , 陈殿友 （中国科学院国家天文台，北京100012；吉林大学 地球探测科学与技术学院 , 长春130026；吉林大学数学科学院，130012） 摘 要：月球的存在有弊有利。在太阳系的行星与卫星关系中，由于月球与地球的质量比最大，地球上的许多动力现象与月球有关，这可能是地球上有生命存在的原因。月球强大引力所形成的强潮汐，既是地球上发生的许多自然灾害的祸源，也对减弱温室效应和调控地表温度做出了不可磨灭的贡献。已有证据表明，月球是地球的恒温器，失去月球有可能导致温室效应失控，加剧全球变暖的严峻趋势。在月球功过利弊尚不完全清楚的条件下，贸然摧毁月球将带来更大的不可预测和不可复原的风险。 关键词：月球，潮汐，全球变暖，厄尔尼诺，生命存在，温室效应 21 世纪伊始，世界就面临太多的天灾人祸，人类也就面临太多的艰难选择。美国新经济在持续十年增长之后突然衰退，“ 9.11 ”恐怖主义袭击事件又使之雪上加霜；中东和平进程受阻，以巴冲突导致杰宁人道主义灾难；全球变暖证据一年多于一年，自然灾害频发，经济损失惨重；技术失控和过度开发的恶果也一年强似一年，全球污染严重，人类生态环境日趋恶化。如何面对世界经济衰退？如何面对恐怖主义袭击？如何面对全球变暖？如何面对科隆人等等。 1． 一项震惊世界的新选择：将月球摧毁！ 据《南方日报》 2002 年 5 月 10 日报道，近日，以弗拉基米尔·克鲁因斯基为首的俄罗斯 5 名科学家称月球是地球上发生的许多自然灾害的祸源，并向俄政府提出一项震惊世界的建议：将月球摧毁！ 克鲁因斯基指出，俄罗斯位于北半球，大部分国土靠近北冰洋，冬季太过漫长，农业生产受到极大影响，这一切都是月球引力造成的。月亮就像一个链球，紧紧地拉着地球，使得海潮起起落落，引发自然灾害。月球强大的引力将地球拉歪了，使得地球在自转的同时，以一种笨拙的倾斜姿势绕着太阳转，因此使得地球上的气候变化无常。只要将月球摧毁，地球就不再倾斜。如果地球的倾角变成 0 度，这就意味着季节变化从地球上消失，整个地球就会拥有适宜的气候，俄罗斯的冬季会一去不复返，有些地方则会拥有永恒的春天。到那个时候，现在的沙漠会变成绿洲，农作物会茁壮成长，人类不会再面临饥饿的威胁。 据克鲁因斯基透露，摧毁月球对于现代人类来说，是一件非常简单的事情。只需要在俄罗斯的“联盟”型火箭上装上 6000 万吨级的核弹头，然后将它们射向月球即可。现在的问题是俄罗斯和其他国家是否同意这么做。据悉，这 5 名科学家已经把他们的建议郑重地提交俄罗斯政府。克里姆林宫一位不愿透漏姓名的内部人士表示，这一建议不仅让政府高层觉得新鲜，也给他们留下了深刻印象。政府向这些科学家许诺，将对这一建议的可行性进行认真研究。由于摧毁月球对地球不同纬度地区的气候有不同的影响，这项建议也使世界各国面临与本民族生死攸关的艰难选择。 2． 月球对厄尔尼诺的影响 以弗拉基米尔·克鲁因斯基为首的俄罗斯 5 名科学家的建议是有一定根据的。旱涝、地震、火山喷发和厄尔尼诺等灾害与月球密切相关。近期研究表明，温差和潮汐力引起的地球流体与固体的差异旋转在科里奥利力的作用下得到加强，信风、台风、风暴潮、海流环陆运动和异常大潮是明显可见的实例 。 最新计算结果表明，太阳相对地球在南北回归线之间的摆动，使流体相对固体南北振荡与混合。由于大陆的阻隔，地球南半球和北半球分别有 6605998 、 5251 和 368km 3 体积的大气、海水和液核流体通过赤道流向北半球和南半球，并在科氏力作用下加速向西或向东漂移，使各圈层差异旋转速度增大。这是南北半球之间的海洋热交换和两极冷水入侵赤道并使大洋西部暖水变冷的主要原因。 1997 年发生在春分和秋分附近的 4 次交食和 3 次行星冲日，加大两极冷水入侵赤道西太平洋使暖水东移的强度，形成了 1997 年的强厄尔尼诺事件 。 从 1822 年到 1998 年，有 31 年无月食。当年发生厄尔尼诺的共 17 个，占总数的 55% 。其前后一年内不发生厄尔尼诺事件的仅有 4 个，其前后 2 年内都发生了厄尔尼诺。这表明无月食年与厄尔尼诺的相位差最大不超过两年。无月食年是地球潮汐形变的极小值年，是预测厄尔尼诺的重要依据。 2002 年无月食， 2001~2004 年内必发生厄尔尼诺事件 。 日食和月食是日、地、月共线的结果并受沙罗周期 （沙罗周期为 18 年零 10.33~11.33 天） 控制，因此与强潮汐密切相关。据林振山等人的研究，每次高纬或极区的日食都将使极地下沉气流减弱，从而使赤道东风减弱。1－2年内在中纬以上地区连续发生3－6次日食，将使赤道东风减弱逐次得到加强，从而诱发厄尔尼诺现象 。 日食通过日月大潮与强潮汐密切相关，前者决定热能分布异常，后者决定动能分布异常。 18.6 年的月亮赤纬角变化周期不仅是大气和海洋强潮汐产生的原因，而且是软流圈的岩浆潮 和外核的液核潮产生的原因。 资料检验表明， 日食与 El Nino 之间存在 12 — 24 月的位相差，月亮赤纬角变化周期与沙罗周期相差 0.6 年可能是其原因 。两种周期的极大值重合后，第一个周期后两种极大值相差 7.2 个月，第二个周期后相差 14.4 个月，第三个周期后相差 21.6 个月。这是厄尔尼诺事件并不严格遵循沙罗周期的原因。 用潮汐产生的地球流体与固体的差异旋转，可以解释 1500 — 1800 年周期的气候变化。 强潮汐加大垂直方向和水平方向海水的混合，将太平洋深层冷水翻上表面 （或使太平洋西部暖水流向东部，北部暖水流向南部），使海洋上方空气变冷（或变暖），产生拉尼娜冷事件（或厄尔尼诺热事件）。天文资料表明，强潮汐与厄尔尼诺事件有很好的对应关系，火山活动亦受强潮汐的控制 。 火山喷发使海洋底层暖水上升到海洋表面，火山灰遮蔽阳光使气候变冷， 它们是控制厄尔尼诺事件发生的重要外强迫因子。当火山灰在低纬度地区上升到平流层， 较小的气溶胶可在数月内传播至全球，并可在平流层内持续飘浮1－3年，最后降落在两极地区，减弱被 遮蔽 区的太阳辐射，与该区发生日食的效果相同，是厄尔尼诺事件的延迟因子 。 3． 月球对地震活动和火山活动的影响 地震和火山等构造活动与 18.6 年周期变化的固体潮相关，被称为岩浆潮 。火山喷发物到达的高度为 1 — 40 km ；持续时间为几星期至 10 多年。低纬度火山喷发能扩散到全球，在中高纬度保持最大浓度，最后在极冠落下。火山灰减弱太阳辐射，对中高纬度的影响最大。 1963 年 3 月印度尼西亚巴厘岛上的阿贡火山（ 8.5 o S,115.5 o E ）爆发， 1980 年 5 月美国圣海伦斯火山（ St. Helens; 46 o N,122 o W ）大爆发，造成次年太阳直接辐射减少量都在 15% 以上，使北半球平均温度下降。滞后于火山喷发 18 个月，我国有一个显著的低温期。 1951 年到 1985 年，我国东北地区有 6 个夏季低温冷害年，其中 5 年都发生在 2 级以上火山喷发后 1 － 2 年 。火山灰遮蔽阳光使气候变冷，在向两极地区集中降落过程中严重影响极区太阳辐射量，与该地区发生日食影响 El Nino 的效果相同， 是控制厄尔尼诺事件发生的延迟(低纬喷发)或激发(高纬喷发)因子。二十年代到五十年代，是火山活动的低潮期，也是世界大洋厄尔尼诺现象次数较少、强度较弱的时期；五十年代以后，世界各地的火山活动进入了活跃期，与此同时，大洋上厄尔尼诺现象次数也相应增多，而且表现十分强烈。据近百年的资料统计，75%左右的厄尔尼诺现象是在强火山爆发后一年半到两年间发生的。 2000 年 6 月底，东京以南的伊豆岛开始发生火山与地震活动。此后，在伊豆岛观测到异常的地壳变形。 8 月底 , 火山与地震活动达到高潮。分析结果认为，地壳变形是由伊豆岛的岩脉侵入引起的，并且与强潮汐天文条件相对应。根据观测和计算数据提出了海底扩张的潮汐模式 。 潮汐和厄尔尼诺事件使东西太平洋海面高度分别升降 1500px ，水均衡作用使洋壳反向升降 500px 。由此形成东西太平洋地壳跷跷板运动。这是地震火山群发事件与厄尔尼诺事件一一对应的原因。发生在印度洋的同样过程是青藏高原隆升的原因。剥蚀沉积也会产生陆海地壳的跷跷板运动。计算表明， 50 年的剥蚀沉积作用施加在陆海地壳两端的力矩为 M = 4.36 × 10 14 N · m ；相当于在陆海地壳两端施加的反向力 p = 4.36 × 10 8 N 。这两种跷跷板运动相互加强，是青藏高原隆升的基本动力 。 4． 月球轨道对强降水的影响 月球轨道（白道）面与地球赤道面之间的夹角称为月亮赤纬角（亦称白赤交角）。这个角度时常在变化，最小为 18.5 0 , 最大为 28.5 0 , 周期为 18.6 年。据郭增建等人的研究，当月亮赤纬角最小时，它的直下点远离中国主大陆，所以在主大陆内引起的地壳鼓起就小，因之地下放出的携热水汽就少，这样就不易诱使热带气团与高纬冷气团在中国大陆相碰，因之雨量减少，会形成干旱。在月亮赤围角最小年的 1941~1942 、 1959~1960 、 1978 、 1997 年，中国都发生了大旱灾 。计算表明，月亮赤纬角最大时产生的地壳容积变化是赤纬角最小时的 2.3 倍。因此，潮汐引起的地壳形变不仅是地震的成因，而且是强降水的成因 。月亮赤纬角变化所引起的地壳形变，通过地壳地幔排热排气作用而强化了大气降水过程。在月亮赤纬角最大年相继发生了珠江 * （ 1915 ）、淮河 * 和长江 * （ 1931 ）、松花江（ 1932 ）、黄河 * （ 1933 ）、珠江（ 1949 ）、辽河（ 1951 ）、松花江（ 1969 ）、辽河（ 1986 ）大洪水（带 * 号为特大洪水）。每次月亮赤纬角最大值都对应一个厄尔尼诺年 。 日月同纬可以加强日月引潮力的相互作用，增大地壳形变。在日月同纬年份附近，相继发生了淮河 * 和长江 * （ 1954 ）、海河和松花江 * （ 1956 ）、淮河和海河 * （ 1963 ）、黄河（ 1964 ）、淮河 * （ 1975 ）、黄河 * 和长江 * （ 1981 ）、珠江（ 1982 ）、长江（ 1983 ）、淮河 * 和长江 * 以及松花江 * （ 1991 ）大洪水 。 由于厄尔尼诺与强潮汐相关，所以厄尔尼诺年也与大洪水年有很好的相关性。 1900~2000 年期间的厄尔尼诺年共 44 个，当年中国发生大洪水的有 19 个，上下一年中国发生大洪水的有 11 个，占中国大洪水总数（ 34 ）的 88% 。 5． 月球是地球的恒温器 月球的存在有弊有利。由于月球与地球的质量比最大，地球上的许多动力现象与月球有关，这可能是地球上有生命存在的原因。地表温度适于人类生存首先应该感谢月球的调控作用。与此相反，地外行星悬殊的温差变化和恶劣的环境使生命难以存在。 美国科学家相信，即使没有温室效应 , 地球自己的卫星月球也会使地球的温度上升。加州大学圣地亚哥分校海洋学研究所的查尔斯 . 季林说，月球通过影响地球上的潮汐使地球的温度上升 。 5 年前杰拉尔德 . 邦德通过分析大西洋底的沉积层，发现地球的寒冷期和温暖期出现有规律的波动，波动周期大约为 1500~1800 年 。季林认为，地球、月亮和太阳相对位置的变化会引起潮汐强度的逐渐变化，其周期与邦德提出的“气候周期”是一致的。当日、地、月排成一线且相互距离最小时，日月引潮力相互加强而变为最大，地球海洋潮汐规模也最大，这时就有更多来自海洋深处的冷水被带到海面。这些冷水可以冷却海洋上的空气。当日、地连成的直线与月、地连成的直线相互垂直时，太阳潮汐减弱月球潮汐，使地球海洋潮汐变小，这时海洋深处的冷水很难被带到海面，世界就变得暖和。据季林的计算，大约在 1425 年即小冰期的末期，潮汐达到了最大值，从那以后逐渐减弱，直到 3100 年潮汐又达到最大值。这个周期是过去 1 万年气候变迁的主要动力。这个效应使地球的温暖期从小冰期末期一直持续到 24 世纪，而后随着潮汐的增强，地球的气候将逐渐变冷。 月球潮汐是太阳潮汐的 2.17 倍，如果摧毁月球，地球海洋潮汐强度将减少三分之二。由于潮汐变小，海洋深处的冷水很难被带到海面，世界就变得更加暖和。这对不断加剧的全球变暖趋势无疑是火上浇油。 6． 月球潮汐在减弱温室效应中的贡献 陆地和海洋含碳量远大于大气，存储在海洋中的碳只要释放 2% ，就将使大气中的 CO 2 含量增加一倍。白垩纪大气碳含量是目前的 8~10 倍，末次冰期高峰时大气 CO 2 和 CH 4 含量分别比现在减少 30~40% 和 50% 。构造运动释气和海洋增温排气是主要原因。近期发现 , 海底 CH 4 冰晶体蕴藏的能量比世界上储存的全部化石燃料所包含的能量还多。但这些甲烷水合物矿床脆弱，从中逃逸出的气体可能加剧全球变暖。显然，构造活动和海洋增温是温室气体从地幔和海洋进入大气的主要原因，而高降水和强潮汐是大气中的 CO 2 转移到海洋中的原因。海洋和大气之间的 CO 2 循环，主要受大洋上升流与下降流的控制。高纬度水体在沉降之前溶有大量 CO 2 ，在赤道处水体上升变热并释放 CO 2 ，其现代速率为 3~5 × 10 10 t/a 。这个循环并不是永远处于平衡状态。显然，强潮汐将海洋深处冷水层翻到海洋表层，冷水吸收更多的大气中的 CO 2 从而导致 CO 2 聚集在海底 ，海洋强震起激发作用 。 碳循环是最复杂的地球过程之一，大气中的 CO 2 是由海洋和陆地提供的，其中海洋储存的 CO 2 约为大气中的 50 倍。人类活动造成的 CO 2 ，有近 60% 存在于大气中，其余被海洋吸收，海洋的吸收速率为 2 × 10 9 t/a 。强潮汐加快海洋吸收大气中的 CO 2 的速度，减弱温室效应，其作用既不可忽视也不可替代。如果摧毁月球，这将导致潮汐减弱和温室效应增强。 据《新文化报》 2002 年 5 月 18 日 A4 版报道，全球变暖的速度已比以往明显加快，从南极洲分离的冰山数量呈现出上升趋势，近 20 年来北极圈里的冰层由原来的 4.8 米厚降至现在的 2.7 米，许多北极熊被活活饿死，热带蝴蝶拼命向北飞，印度南部上周开始出现罕见的高温天气，部分地区甚至达到了 49.5 摄氏度，已有 622 人因热浪死亡。月球强大引力所形成的强潮汐，既是地球上发生的许多自然灾害的祸源，也对减弱温室效应和调控地表温度做出了不可磨灭的贡献。 已有证据表明，月球是地球的恒温器，失去月球有可能导致温室效应失控，加剧全球变暖的严峻趋势。在月球功过利弊尚不完全清楚的条件下，贸然摧毁月球将带来更大的不可预测和不可复原的风险。 参考文献 1. 杨学祥. 地球形变产生的岩石圈、水圈和气圈等差异旋转. 中国学术期刊文摘（科技快报）. 2001 , 7 （ 7 ）： 902~904 2. 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标签: 月球
