图谋按：《Science》2009年8月14日刊登了一篇评论《策略性阅读、本体与科学出版的未来》。作者为伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳香槟分校图情（LIS）研究生院Allen H. Renear和Carole L. Palmer。特此摘译该文摘要及2019年科学家们将怎样使用文献？部分，供参考。感谢caveman (Jason Zou) 先生提供原文！ 译自：Allen H. Renear, et al. Strategic Reading, Ontologies, and the Future of Scientific Publishing.Science 325,828(2009).DOI:10.1126/Science.1157784 (作者信息：Allen H. Renear and Carole L. Palmer，Center for Informatics Research in Science and Scholarship,Graduate School of Library and Information Science,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,CHampaign,IL 61820,USA) 题名：策略性阅读、本体与科学出版的未来 摘要：科学出版革命自20世纪80年代起预示即将发生。科学家们讲究策略性阅读，同时对许多篇论文进行搜索，筛选，浏览，链接，注释和分析内容片段。观察表明网络环境下的策略性阅读最近有所增加，不久将进一步集中为两种流行的趋势：一是资源数字标引，检索和导航的广泛使用；二是多学科内在本体互操作的出现。利用本体优势，阅读工具开发加速与增强，阅读实践将变得更加快速和丰富，改变了科学家使用文献的方法并且重塑了科学出版的演变。 摘要原文： The revolution in scientific publishing that has been promised since the 1980s is about to take place. Scientists have always read strategically, working with many articles simultaneously to search, filter, scan, link, annotate, and analyze fragments of content. An observed recent increase in strategic reading in the online environment will soon be further intensified by two current trends: (i) the widespread use of digital indexing, retrieval, and navigation resources and (ii) the emergence within many scientific disciplines of interoperable ontologies. Accelerated and enhanced by reading tools that take advantage of ontologies, reading practices will become even more rapid and indirect, transforming the ways in which scientists engage the literature and shaping the evolution of scientific publishing. 2019年科学家们将怎样使用文献？ 尽管文本挖掘和自动化处理变得很平常，科学家们仍旧阅读叙事散文。然而，这种阅读实践有延伸阅读文献和本体意识工具的支持会越来越策略。作为出版工作流程的一部分，针对丰富的本体，科学术语将按常规编入索引。更重要的是，正式的说法，也许在专门的结构化摘要，将提供计算获得的因果关系和本体联系的索引和浏览工具。超文本链接将是广泛的，通过共享注释数据库自动生成读者提供的博客评论。同时，将出现更多工具增强搜索、浏览和分析并且利用日益丰富的索引、链接和注释信息。 如上所述，在技术方面没有障碍，而且已经在进行。一如既往，这些变化将是渐进的。现在已广泛运用现有的索引和检索服务的科学家，会遇到新的增强功能，并且采用那些快速增长的文献。新功能的提供有时会作为应用程序接口（比如PubMed的新功能）的一部分，或作为用户可以添加到Web浏览器的共享外部工具。这些发展在找一篇文章来读的行为已经过时与狭义的文本挖掘对象之间形成中间道路，直接反映科学家们日常工作中策略性阅读是非常必要的、有意义的。 原文：How Will Scientists Work with the Literature in 2019? Scientists will still read narrative prose, even as text mining and automated processing become common; however, these reading practices will become increasingly strategic, supported by enhanced literature and ontology-aware tools. Aspart of the publishing workflow, scientific terminology will be indexed routinely against rich ontologies. More importantly, formalized assertions, perhaps maintained in specialized structured abstracts, will provide indexing and browsing tools with computational access to causal and ontological relationships. Hypertext linking will be extensive, generated both automatically and by readers providing commentary on blogs and through shared annotation databases. At the same time, more tools for enhanced searching,scanning, and analyzing will appear and exploit the increasingly rich layer of indexing, linking, and annotation information. There are no technical obstacles to this trajectory, and it is already under way. The changes,as always, will be incremental: Scientists, who today already make extensive use of existing indexing and retrieval services, will encounter a steady stream of new enhancements and adopt those that allow rapid and productive engagement with the literature. The new functionality will sometimes be provided as part of the application interface (new features in PubMed, for instance) or as shared external tools that users can add to their Web browsers. These developments chart a middle course between the already obsolete activity of finding an article to read on the one hand, and the narrower objectives of text mining on the other, responding directly to the entrenched necessity and value of strategic reading in the daily work of todays scientists.
标签: 科学出版
