NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY November 2010 Volume 28 Number 11, pp 1133 - 1220 Visit Nature Biotechnology online to browse the journal. Now available at http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text access to Nature Biotechnology online. To purchase a subscription, please visit: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Bioentrepreneur: an online resource for budding business in the life sciences. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Novagen(R) KOD Xtreme(TM) Hot Start DNA Polymerase Kit The KOD Xtreme(TM) Hot Start DNA Polymerase Kit is an optimized PCR system for the amplification of long, GC-rich DNA templates or crude samples with incredibly fast extension times. KOD Xtreme Hot Start DNA Polymerase quickly and accurately amplifies genomic and phage/plasmid DNA targets up to 24 and 40 kb respectively. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Not getting the result you expected in your qPCR data? Solaris RNA Spike Control Kit identifies inhibition across the entire RT-qPCR workflow (including the cDNA synthesis step), and requires as few as 6 qPCR reactions per RNA sample. Just add the Solaris RNA Spike Control to each new RNA preparation and use the Solaris qPCR RNA Spike Assay to determine if inhibition is occurring. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== BioPharma Dealmakers Science, strategy innovation Recent content exclusively made freely available to you from Nature Biotechnology, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery and Nature Medicine Produced with support from TVG Sign up to receive this new bi-weekly newsletter today: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== BIOPARTNERING Visit our Biopartnering site to view Company Profiles and Partnership Opportunities: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Nature Biotechnology FOCUS ON EPIGENETICS This Focus summarizes the progress that has been made in characterizing the epigenetic basis of disease and developmental pathways, and discusses the technologies that have made rapid progress possible in recent years, showing how those insights can be translated into practical applications. Read the Focus online for FREE until April 15, 2011: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Produced with support from: GlaxoSmithKline Cellzome Active Motif ===================================================================== =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== The Natureevents Directory 2011 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Inform a potential 1 million scientists about your scientific events. Contact us now to be included in the 12th edition of the Natureevents directory: c.paulsen@us.nature.com T: +1 202 626 2522 ===================================================================== ---------------------- EDITORIAL ---------------------- Conflicts and collaborations p1133 doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1133 Claims of conflicts of interest concerning authorship of a scientific paper highlight the difficulties facing regulators participating in collaborations with industry. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- NEWS ---------------------- Novartis eyes oral MS drug as potential blockbuster pp1135 - 1136 Mark Ratner doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1135 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Bristol-Myers Squibb reaps biologics in ZymoGenetics windfall pp1137 - 1138 Emma Dorey doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1137 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Pharmacogenomics row p1139 Malorye Allison doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1139b http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=13m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Shire's replacement enzymes validate gene activation pp1139 - 1140 Nuala Moran doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1139a http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Joint inspections still cool p1140 Suzanne Elvidge doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1140a http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=88m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Stimulus trickle p1140 Nidhi Subbaraman doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1140b http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 CIRM spurs translation p1141 Laura DeFrancesco doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1141b http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Irish bait p1141 Christoph Schmitt doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1141c http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Transgenic salmon inches toward finish line pp1141 - 1142 Jeffrey L Fox doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1141a http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Sanofi/Genzyme hostile p1142 Mark Ratner doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1142a http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Adverse-events fraud trial p1142 Michael Francisco doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1142b http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Newsmaker: Anaphore p1143 Jennifer Rohn doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1143 This protein engineering firm claims its therapies, modeled on the naturally secreted human serum protein tetranectin, could compete with antibodies. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 DATA PAGE Biotech rallies in Q3 p1144 Walter Yang doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1144 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 NEWS FEATURE When patients march in pp1145 - 1148 Virginia Hughes doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1145 Impatient with the slow pace of clinical research, families of individuals suffering from untreatable diseases are taking matters into their own hands with some success. Virginia Hughes reports. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Bio System: Ready for your biomolecular analysis Engineered with a bio-inert flow path made of non-stainless-steel materials, the ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Bio System keeps large molecules intact and on the move, for better sample recovery and no carryover, whether the chromatographic mode you're using is reversed phase (RP), ion exchange (IEX), size exclusion (SEC), or hydrophilic interaction (HILIC). Learn more http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ===================================================================== ---------------------- BIOENTREPRENEUR ---------------------- BUILDING A BUSINESS Making the leap into entrepreneurship Randall Schatzman, Mark Litton, John Latham and Jeffrey Smith doi:10.1038/bioe.2010.9 Job security in big pharma is not what it once was. For those looking for a new challenge, a group of big company refugees recount their experience starting up a new life science venture. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- OPINION AND COMMENT ---------------------- CORRESPONDENCE Grant management skills are critical for young scientists pp1152 - 1153 Brion Duffy doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1152 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Chinese hamster ovary cells can produce galactose- -1,3-galactose antigens on proteins pp1153 - 1156 Carlos J Bosques et al. doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1153 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 COMMENTARY A policy approach to the development of molecular diagnostic tests pp1157 - 1159 Kevin A Schulman and Sean R Tunis doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1157 Efficiently generating evidence of clinical utility is a major challenge for ensuring clinical adoption of valuable diagnostics. A new approach to reimbursement in the United States offers a balance between evidence and incentives for molecular diagnostic tests. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 What is the value of oncology medicines? pp1160 - 1163 Joshua Cohen and William Looney doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1160 Coverage with evidence development (CED), rather than quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) thresholds, offers the best way forward in balancing evidence-based policy for new oncology products with the needs of developers, payers, physicians and patients. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- FEATURES ---------------------- What's fueling the biotech engine - 2009-2010 pp1165 - 1171 Saurabh Aggarwal doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1165 Last year, the biologics sector managed single-digit growth in the United States, driven mainly by products indicated for oncology, diabetes and autoimmune disorders. Lurking on the horizon, though, are challenges, such as pricing, competition and follow-on molecules. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 PATENTS A shadow falls over gene patents in the United States and Europe pp1172 - 1173 Gareth Morgan and Lisa A. Haile doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1172 Will a pair of court decisions that restrict the protection offered to DNA-based claims reduce financial incentives and thus chill investment? http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Recent patent applications in biological imaging p1174 doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1174 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- NEWS AND VIEWS ---------------------- Plant natural products from cultured multipotent cells pp1175 - 1176 Susan Roberts and Martin Kolewe doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1175 Cultured cambial meristematic cells could enable large-scale production of certain natural products. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Making antibodies from scratch pp1176 - 1178 J Christopher Love doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1176 Synthesis and screening of a small library of antibody fragments yields promising hits. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Toward global RNA structure analysis pp1178 - 1179 David M Mauger and Kevin M Weeks doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1178 Deep sequencing provides a first view of the RNA structures in a eukaryotic transcriptome. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS ---------------------- Research highlights p1180 doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1180 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY ---------------------- COMMENTARY In silico research in the era of cloud computing pp1181 - 1185 Joel T Dudley and Atul J Butte doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1181 Snapshots of computer systems that are stored and shared 'in the cloud' could make computational analyses more reproducible. http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- RESEARCH ---------------------- ARTICLES Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells toward chondrocytes pp1187 - 1194 Rachel A Oldershaw et al. doi:10.1038/nbt.1683 Degeneration of articular cartilage in the joints may be amenable to tissue engineering solutions. Oldershaw et al. present an efficient, chemically defined protocol for differentiating human ES cells to chondrocyte-like cells. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Spatially addressed combinatorial protein libraries for recombinant antibody discovery and optimization pp1195 - 1202 Hongyuan Mao et al. doi:10.1038/nbt.1694 Antibodies that modulate the activity of a target are difficult to discover with display-based approaches, which select only high-affinity binders. Mao et al. identify antibodies with a range of affinities using a small-molecule discovery method that involves one-by-one screening of an optimized small library of antibody fragments with known sequences. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 LETTERS Antibody recycling by engineered pH-dependent antigen binding improves the duration of antigen neutralization pp1203 - 1207 Tomoyuki Igawa et al. doi:10.1038/nbt.1691 The typical therapeutic antibody binds only two target antigen molecules during its lifetime. Igawa et al. describe a method for engineering antibody recycling in vivo, suggesting an approach to reduce the size and/or frequency of dosage with therapeutic antibodies. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Programmable in situ amplification for multiplexed imaging of mRNA expression pp1208 - 1212 Harry M T Choi et al. doi:10.1038/nbt.1692 The simultaneous detection of multiple mRNA species in thick tissues or whole-mount embryos has remained technically challenging. Choi et al. present a method based on the triggered polymerization of RNA stem-loop structures that allows the distribution of up to five mRNAs in intact zebrafish embryos to be imaged at the same time. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Cultured cambial meristematic cells as a source of plant natural products pp1213 - 1217 Eun-Kyong Lee et al. doi:10.1038/nbt.1693 The culture of dedifferentiated plant cells to produce commercially important chemicals has met with limited success. Lee et al. demonstrate the potential of innately undifferentiated cells from Taxus cuspidata as an industrial source of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 ---------------------- CAREERS AND RECRUITMENT ---------------------- Third-quarter biotech job picture p1218 Michael Francisco doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1218 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 PEOPLE People p1220 doi:10.1038/nbt1110-1220 http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 =========================== ADVERTISEMENT =========================== Joint Focus from Nature Biotechnology and The Pharmacogenomics Journal The MicroArray Quality Control II papers Building on its original work assessing the technical performance of DNA microarray technology, the MicroArray Quality Control (MAQC) consortium, a partnership between industry, academic and US government researchers, has set out to investigate the capabilities and limitations of microarray data analysis with respect to disease prediction. Read the Focus online for FREE until February 28, 2011: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0 Produced with support from: Affymetrix http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39m=35964417r=NDU1MzI2NDA5NQS2b=2j=ODYxNzI2NDIS1mt=1rt=0
http://f1000biology.com/top10/8003 1 Exceptional F1000 Factor 10.0 Confirmation Hypothesis New Finding Tech Advance Concerted loading of Mcm2-7 double hexamers around DNA during DNA replication origin licensing. Remus D, Beuron F, , Morris EP, Diffley JF Cell 2009 Nov 13 139 (4):719-30 Selected by | Matthew L Bochman and VirginiaZakian / JoelHuberman / MichaelBotchan / AnindyaDutta First evaluation 23Nov2009 | Latest evaluation 12Jan2010 2 Must Read F1000 Factor 6.4 New Finding Ammonia oxidation kinetics determine niche separation of nitrifying Archaea and Bacteria. Martens-Habbena W, Berube PM, , de la Torre JR, Stahl DA Nature 2009 Oct 15 461 (7266):976-9 Selected by | DouglasCapone / Ian MHead First evaluation 30Nov2009 | Latest evaluation 4Jan2010 3 Must Read F1000 Factor 4.8 New Finding Tech Advance A photocontrolled molecular switch regulates paralysis in a living organism. Al-Atar U, Fernandes R, , Baillie D, Branda NR J Am Chem Soc 2009 Nov 11 131 (44):15966-7 Selected by | Joseph Yourey and E Neil GMarsh / Jian Liang and JamesCanary First evaluation 10Dec2009 | Latest evaluation 22Dec2009
Hypotheses on life activities of microorganisms(original) Zhang Xingyuan, The three basic hypotheses on life activities of microorganisms (The three hypotheses on fermentation science) The first hypothesis: The hypothesis of metabolic energy supporting ( sustainment) The energy be able to promote the activities of life directly (to do cell-work within cell), can be called metabolic energy. Microbial cells rely on self-agencies for energy transformation to change the energy sector, from chemical energy or light energy into metabolic energy ，which can be directly used to support the activities of their own lives. The second hypothesis: The metabolic network hypothesis Based on the integration in the levels of molecules and the coordination in the levels of co-factors (co-enzymes), the metabolic pathway and transfer systems constitute the metabolic networks throughout inside and outside microbial cells. Metabolic network is a kind of scale-free networks of cell self-regulation, which as a whole to bear the microbial cell material metabolism and energy metabolism. The third hypothesis: The hypothesis of cell economy Microbial cell is an imbalanced open system far from a balance state, is a cell economy system which come into being on the basis of natural selection. Cell economy system is the security system for microbial cell survival, to provide continuous protection for cell in the sectors of adaptability, economy, and metabolism. The three basic hypotheses of microbial life activities as a whole, mainly as follows: ① A complete ideological system: The three basic hypotheses of microbial life activities (the hypothesis of metabolic energy supporting , the metabolic networks hypothesis and the hypothesis of cell economy), as well as the reasoning on the premise they made, constitute a complete ideological system. The first hypothesis reflects the premise of the living activities of microorganism (to supply energy continuously); the second hypothesis embodies the contents of microbial life (energy and material conversion relations); the third hypothesis to reveal the law of microbial life activities (to provide the basis for co-operation between human being and micro-organisms). The three basic hypotheses , from three different angles to analyze the same question, the living activities of microorganism, embody the three are interlinked and coordinated. The first hypothesis, from the perspective of bioenergetics and metabolic energy, we firmly believe that microbial cells are convertor of metabolic energy; the second hypothesis, from the perspective of biochemistry and metabolism, we firmly believe that microbial cells are biological and chemical reactors and biological materials processor; the third hypothesis, from the perspective of bioinformatics, we firmly believe that microbial cells are bio-informatics encoder, information sensor and information processor. ② The three hypotheses support each other, constraints, and complement each other: Energy metabolism rely on metabolic networks to achieve sustainability, metabolic networks need metabolic energy to run to support metabolism, energy metabolism and material metabolism overlap each other, and in restraint of cell economic laws. Currents of flowing metabolites in metabolic networks rely on supporting of metabolic energy, and are restricted to laws of cell economy; but the studies on metabolic energy sustainment and cell economy, must with the aid of the work-carrier, metabolic networks. ③ Nature dialectics in fermentation engineering: Modern industrial fermentation is going to establish in the base of academic research of the three basic hypotheses. The hypothesis of metabolic energy supporting revealed the driving force behind the industrial fermentation. In the hypothesis of metabolic networks, metabolic pathways (enzymes) and related carriers (proteins) have been organized as a whole, and known as the metabolic networks (material metabolism network), in order to have a good grasp of microbial physiology and material metabolism in the macro level, and to provide the basis of analysis for the actual operation sites in the design of industrial fermentation from raw materials to the target products. The concept of cell economy have been put forward, it provides a theoretical basis of that we handle the relationship between the unity of opposites of the subjective wishes upon industrial fermentation and the objective law of microbial life activities. ④ Cross-disciplines and infiltrate-disciplines: The establishment of the new concept of fermentation science is based on the combination, infiltration, fusion, and support each other,in the field of disciplines of chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, cytology and the field of disciplines of physics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering principles, electrotechnics, biology, economics, philosophy and dialectics of nature. please read revised version: http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=285662 http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=285663
标签: biotechnology
