英国Nature记者 Ewen Callaway 写的NEWS。各种羡慕嫉妒恨,外加各种偏见和歧视。 崇洋媚外有啥好,人家根本不care你。 国外买买提论坛(mitbbs)正在组织联合签名给Nature主编发抗议信,要求道歉,结果主编大人高挂免战牌out of office。 Why great Olympic feats raise suspicions 'Performance profiling' could help to dispel doubts. 链接 http://www.nature.com/news/why-great-olympic-feats-raise-suspicions-1.11109 At the Olympics, how fast is too fast? That question has dogged Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen after the 16-year-old shattered the world record in the women's 400-metre individual medley (400 IM) on Saturday. In the wake of that race, some swimming experts wondered whether Ye’s win was aided by performance-enhancing drugs. She has never tested positive for a banned substance and the International Olympic Committee on Tuesday declared that her post-race test was clean. The resulting debate has been tinged with racial and political undertones, but little science. Nature examines whether and how an athlete's performance history and the limits of human physiology could be used to catch dopers. Was Ye’s performance anomalous? Yes. Her time in the 400 IM was more than 7 seconds faster than her time in the same event at a major meet in July. But what really raised eyebrows was her showing in the last 50 metres, which she swam faster than US swimmer Ryan Lochte did when he won gold in the men’s 400 IM on Saturday, with the second-fastest time ever for that event. Doesn't a clean drug test during competition rule out the possibility of doping? No, says Ross Tucker, an exercise physiologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. Athletes are much more likely to dope while in training, when drug testing tends to be less rigorous. “Everyone will pass at the Olympic games. Hardly anyone fails in competition testing,” Tucker says. Out-of-competition tests are more likely to catch dopers, he says, but it is not feasible to test every elite athlete regularly year-round. Tracking an athlete over time and flagging anomalous performances would help anti-doping authorities to make better use of resources, says Yorck Olaf Schumacher, an exercise physiologist at the Medical University of Freiburg in Germany, who co-authored a 2009 paper proposing that performance profiling be used as an anti-doping tool 1 . “I think it’s a good way and a cheap way to narrow down a large group of athletes to suspicious ones, because after all, the result of any doping is higher performance,” Schumacher says. The ‘biological passport’, which measures characteristics of an athlete’s blood to look for physiological evidence of doping, works in a similar way to performance profiling (see ' Racing just to keep up '). After it was introduced in 2008, cycling authorities flagged irregularities in the blood characteristics of Antonio Colom, a Spanish cyclist, and targeted drug tests turned up evidence of the banned blood-boosting hormone erythropoietin (EPO) in 2009. How would performance be used to nab dopers? Anti-doping authorities need a better way of flagging anomalous performances or patterns of results, says Schumacher. To do this, sports scientists need to create databases that — sport by sport and event by event — record how athletes improve with age and experience. Longitudinal records of athletes’ performances would then be fed into statistical models to determine the likelihood that they ran or swam too fast, given their past results and the limits of human physiology. The Olympic biathlon, a winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and target shooting, has dabbled in performance profiling. In a pilot project, scientists at the International Biathlon Union in Salzburg, Austria, and the University of Ferrara in Italy, developed a software program that retroactively analysed blood and performance data from 180 biathletes over six years to identify those most likely to have doped 2 . The biathlon federation now uses the software to target its athletes for drug testing. Could an athlete then be disciplined simply for performing too well? “That would be unfair,” says Tucker. “The final verdict is only ever going to be reached by testing. It has to be.” In recent years, cycling authorities have successfully prosecuted athletes for having anomalous blood profiles, even when banned substances such as EPO could not be found. But performance is too far removed from taking a banned substance and influenced by too many outside factors to convict someone of doping, Tucker says. “ When we look at this young swimmer from China who breaks a world record, that’s not proof of anything. It asks a question or two.”看到这句话,真的! Naturedoi:10.1038/nature.2012.11109 还有评论都有上百条啦吧!这里留言都有理有据,科学家吵架也要引用文献。 中国民众啥时候崛起!?
谁说女子不如男? 这是花木兰里的一句经典唱词,人人耳皆详熟。 这次,伦敦奥运中国代表团的游泳健将 超女 叶诗文 再一次用事实证实了这句经典唱词的正确性,成绩之好不但拿了冠军,而且冲刺速度明显超过了历史上的男子游泳纪录,这让美国两位世界男子游泳纪录保持者汗颜。女子就是可以比男子强! 叶诗文在周六(28日)的女子400米混合泳决赛中以4分48秒43的成绩不仅赢得金牌,而且打破了世界记录。 叶诗文100米自由泳的速度惊人 ,尤其是最后50米成绩甚至超过了男子400米混合泳金牌得主、美国的罗切特, 成为奥运会历史上分段成绩第一位超过男子冠军的女选手,创造了这个项目的历史分段最好记录 。 不过,由于以前历史上中国游泳队员多次被查出服用运动兴奋剂,还由于这个超级世界纪录太强悍,严重质疑的声音出来了,在世界上还叫得非常响: 超女 叶诗文的纪录不可信,肯定使用了兴奋剂! 最引人注目的是美国顶级游泳教练约翰·莱奥纳德的质疑。 《卫报》的头版文章说,中国卷入伦敦奥运的第一桩违禁药物争执, 世界游泳教练协会的全世界最受尊重的游泳教练约翰·莱奥纳德称叶诗文的表现“可疑”,并勾起他“许多可怕的回忆”。 文章还引述莱奥纳德的话说: “体育史上的经验告诉我们,每次出现难以置信的现象,之后总会与违禁药物有关……每次看到女运动员像个超级女性,她们后来总是被发现服用违禁药物。 ”这些话的煽动性非常强。 约翰·莱奥纳德是第一个公开对叶诗文超过美国游泳健将菲尔普斯和罗切特的世界纪录表示怀疑的游泳界重要人物。 英国的《独立报》火上浇油,使用标题为“ 中国少年游泳冠军的成绩好得难以置信吗? ”的文章则列举中国游泳运动员服用违禁药物的历史说,在1990到2000年之间有40名、2009年有5名、今年3月是16岁的李哲思。 一些体育界人士也发表了质疑。英国著名游泳健将福斯特说,从来没有听说过还在处于成长期的不到20岁的青少年能在如此短时间内取得如此大的进步。 文章引述英国诺丁汉大学中国政策研究所主任史蒂夫·曾教授的话说,中国把在奥运会上获胜看作是提升中国国际地位的途径。这明显暗示,中国为了拿到奖牌,可以不惜一切手段,包括运动兴奋剂的使用。 然而,这些质疑,都是心怀叵测的,或者是有着险恶用心的。2012伦敦奥运会,采用了历史上空前强大的 兴奋剂检测 系统: 反兴奋剂团队超过1000人 确保伦敦奥运干净公正 http://www.hinews.cn/news/system/2012/07/31/014716593.shtml 国际奥委会7月30日消息,自7月16日奥运村开放以来,超过1,000人的伦敦2012反兴奋剂工作团队便投入了紧张工作,以确保为全体运动员提供一个干净公正的良好比赛环境。 截至8月12日以前,国际奥委会将负责奥运会期间的所有兴奋剂检测工作,而伦敦奥组委则需要根据国际标准,承担样本的采集和封存任务。本届奥运会的样本检测数量将再创新高,达到5,000例左右(3,800份尿样、1,200份血样)。 除全体奖牌得主需接受检测外,几乎每两名运动员中就有一名将接受检测 。此外,奥运会期间还会根据官方情报开展随机和临时检测。截至目前,本届奥运会已检测的样本数达到了1,461例。 样本检测工作须在世界反兴奋剂机构(WADA)认证的实验室内完成,位于哈洛(Harlow)的葛兰素史克制药公司实验室拥有全球最先进的技术设施,被认定为本届奥运会的指定试验室。检测部门将保持每周7天,每天24小时运行。伦敦国王学院兴奋剂控制中心的大卫·考恩(David Cowan)教授将率领来自不同国家的150名反兴奋剂科学家开展样本的分析检测工作。 此前, 国际奥委会已宣布在2012年伦敦奥运会中实行“违规即临时禁赛“的处罚决定 。 国际奥委会始终视反兴奋剂工作为重中之重 ,已确定采取“ 零容忍 ”政策来抵制作弊行为,严惩使用和提供违禁药物的责任人。 最严兴奋剂检测显威力 罗格:跟兴奋剂斗争到底 http://www.hinews.cn/news/system/2012/07/30/014708267.shtml 据伦敦奥组委介绍,由世界反兴奋剂机构认证的反兴奋剂实验室,将在奥运会、残奥会期间承担兴奋剂检测工作,检测数量将创历史新高,150名科学家将在15天内利用奥运会历史上最先进的技术检测6250份样本, 检测将涉及近一半的参赛运动员和所有赢得奖牌的运动员 。 值得一提的是,本届奥运会规定每一位奖牌获得者都要接受药检。这个数据也将超过以往任何一届奥运会和残奥会兴奋剂数量的总和 。 据了解, 实验室所用的检测技术也是目前奥运会历史上最先进的 ,他介绍说与四年前北京奥运会相比, 现在对兴奋剂检测的技术又有很大的进步,在伦敦奥运会使用的检测设备将是超快和超灵敏的,将以最快和最灵敏的技术检测出任何违禁药物,对于任何想服用兴奋剂的运动员来说这都是一个震慑。 就是这样强大的高科技兴奋剂检查系统,任何人,只要服用了,都绝对过不了检测这一关。 事实上,早在本届奥运会之前,国际反兴奋剂机构就针对伦敦奥运会进行了为期约6个月的兴奋剂检测计划。而最终的结果,是至少有107名运动员因为药检不过关而遭遇禁赛,无缘奥运。 超女 叶诗文通过了兴奋剂检测,证明她的成绩是真实可靠的,所得的金牌(现在已经两枚了)更加闪亮!打破的 世界纪录载进史册! 英国奥委会主席莫伊尼汉勋爵(Lord Colin Moynihan)说,中国游泳选手叶诗文通过了药检,是“清白”的,应当承认她的才能。 莫伊尼汉勋爵在本周二(31日)发表声明:“我们深信世界反兴奋剂组织(WADA)对赛事的监督作用。她(叶诗文)通过了该组织的检查,被验证未使用任何兴奋剂。故事的这一页已经翻过去了。叶诗文值得人们对于她天赋的认可……” 国际奥委会表示,他们有强有力的药检项目,如果有运动员服用兴奋剂“一定会被抓住”。 在召开的另外一场新闻发布会上,国际奥委会通讯主管马克·亚当斯,我们非常有信心,如果有人作假,一定会被抓住。 亚当斯表示,在奥运会之前,已经有一人被禁赛,一人被暂时禁赛。 亚当斯介绍,目前已经做了1706次药检,其中1344次尿检,362次血检。获得前五名的运动员都将自动接收检查,另外还要抽查两人。 亚当斯同时还说,不要为比赛中惊人的成绩感到吃惊。“我们必须实事求是。世界最优秀的运动员在最高水平竞争,已经有许多纪录被打破了。” 亚当斯说,“我们不能不让别人猜想,令人悲哀的事实是,确实有人服用兴奋剂、有人欺骗;但同时,不能为出色的表现鼓掌,也是非常悲哀的。” 中国游泳队领队许琦在接受新华社专访时表示,叶诗文赢得奥运冠军是意料之中,中国游泳在经过多少代人的多年努力和经验摸索,现在可以骄傲地说:中国同样可以出现天才,叶诗文就是其中之一,孙杨也是如此。 7月31日和8月1日,英国BBC新闻的头条就是, China swimmer Ye Shiwen clean, says BOA boss Moynihan Teenage Chinese swimmer Ye Shiwen is not a drug cheat, the British Olympic Association's chairman has said, after a US coach cast doubt on her world record-breaking swim. Lord Colin Moynihan said Ye, 16, had passed drug tests, was "clean" and deserved recognition for her talent. Ye smashed her personal best by at least five seconds in the 400m Medley. 英国首相也发话了,他绝对不愿意2012伦敦奥运出丑,特别是兴奋剂方面。大英帝国具有悠久的光辉形象,绝国有足够的高科技水平,只要通过了检验,就一定没有任何问题。让一些大嘴巴胡扯,这影响英国的形象,大英帝国丢不起这个脸。 David Cameron promises Olympic Games health 'legacy' David Cameron is to announce the setting-up of a £10m science research centre on the site of the Olympic drug-testing laboratories. The prime minister will say the UK can "lead the world" in the research field. The centre, in Harlow, Essex, is on the site of the London Olympics' anti-doping laboratory. 事实已经很清楚了,看看那些居心叵测的人怎么找台阶下: 美国奥委会说,指中国女子游泳选手叶诗文使用加强体能违禁药品的美国教练并非代表团成员。 美国奥委会的发言人证实,做出指称的约翰·莱昂纳德并不是该国奥运代表团的成员,他形容叶诗文的表现是“无法相信”和“令人困扰”。