http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/blog/4554-the-importance-scientific-literacy-17352.html The Importance of Scientific Literacy Posted by The_Urban_Scientist ? The Importance of Scientific Literacy The 21st century is fast-paced and highly competitive. Each day, we make important decisions that will greatly impact our lives today and well into the future. Moreover, we are provided greater amounts of increasingly complex information that ever before. However, our societys collective sense of science literacy is outdated; many people still think of science literacy as simply being informed about new advances, for example in medicine and technology. This definition of scientific literacy will not longer suffice in this new Information Age. As the media shares new information about scientific, medical, or ecological breakthroughs, we are expected to respond to this new information. What will we do with this information? How will our lives be affected by the decisions we make? In this new century science literacy is the occupational capacity to apply information in an appropriate contest, to analyze information, to synthesize information from various sources or on various topics, and evaluate information to determine the best course of action. Essentially, being scientifically literate in the 21st century means understanding the nature of science as a process that helps us discriminate between what is real or likely and what is not. It is the comprehension of the nature of our minds, our bodies, and our environment. It is using that knowledge to make the best decisions possible for ourselves, our families, and our community now and for future generations. This type of literacy is valuable because it cultivates the intellectual development of the individual. Science the close observation and examination of the natural world, analyzing information and sources of information, interpreting events, and making decisions based on these observations or conclusions made by others. Quality science education equips students (of any age) with the tools to direct ones own learning. The individual can make his or her own discoveries, create new knowledge, and apply information and resolve discrepancies on his or her own. By studying and doing science, an individual is transformed from a passive recipient of information to an active and discerning consumer of information. In other words, scientific literacy is valuable because it prepares and empowers us to become more actively engaged in the decisions we make in out lives. However, I am surprised by the decisions some people make because they posses a depth of misunderstanding about scientifically related topics. For example, I have met many people, some with college educations, who have decided not to participate in research activities because they were certain the doctors or psychologists would deliberately harm them. Ive known people who have refused to donate blood or become an organ donor because they honesty believed doing so would put them at risk. Moreover, I have heard people share explanations for natural phenomena, such as disease transmission and reproductive health, which were grossly inaccurate. And more recently, I have read peoples angry comments about waste treatment or genetically modified plants, that were completely void of any comprehension of the these technologies. Some of these misconceptions and misunderstandings are so strongly-held that most people do not abandon their own explanations even when they have the opportunity to discuss the matter with scientists, doctors, or other experts. These inaccurate explanations have been accepted as truths for so long and so deeply that a single brief conversation (or blog comment) is not enough for people to update their memory banks or even have them open up their minds to the possibility of alternative explanations. It is imperative that people have an accurate understanding f our bodies, our health, and our environment. Helping people engage in more meaningful discourse (in general and) about science-related topics is the first step to creating a more scientifically literate society. I think it is especially important to educate the most vulnerable citizens in our society, e.g. the poor, the undereducated, the marginalized and disenfranchised. A societys most vulnerable citizenry are those who do not know how to critically evaluate the options or the validity of a source and are ignorant to the resources available to them. Individuals who are well-informed and discerning are less likely to be victims of social injustice or environmental racism. Being better educated makes us better advocates. When we become advocate or activist-citizens we hold our elected officials and service providers and each other accountable. Tags: Education and Outreach The_Urban_Scientist's blog | Add new comment | 2811 reads Printer-friendly version | Send to friend
The Scientific Annotation Middleware (SAM) is a set of components and services that enable researchers, applications, problem solving environments (PSE) and software agents to create metadata and annotations about data objects and document the semantic relationships between them. Developed starting in 2001, SAM allows applications to encode metadata within files or to manage metadata at the level of individual relationships as desired. SAM then provides mechanisms to expose metadata and relationships encoded either way as WebDAV properties. http://collaboratory.emsl.pnl.gov/docs/collab/sam/2.1/SAMDownload.html （下载地址） 使用说明： SAM SAM 2.1 Installation Instructions Tutorials Showing SAM and ELN Client Installation SAM-2.1.zip Installation sam.war Installation ELN Client Installation Preview Release of Notarization Service SAM-2.1.zip Installation Prerequisites: JDK 1.4 (or newer) (download from java.sun.com) (NOTE: Verify that you are using a JAVA_HOME that points to the JDK directory and not the JRE directory. Tomcat will run with a JAVA_HOME that uses the JRE directory, but SAM will have errors. On a Windows computer you can enter 'echo %JAVA_HOME%' at the command line to verify that you are using the JDK) Tomcat 4.1.X+ and Tomcat 5.0.X+ (download from http://tomcat.apache.org/) Please see our FAQ's page for information regarding other versions of Tomcat and Java SAM Verify Tomcat Installation SAM has been tested with the binary distribution of Tomcat 4.1.27 a nd Tomcat 5.0.30. Before proceeding with SAM install, you should verify that you can start Tomcat and view your Tomcat-based website. You may wish to remove the Tomcat examples and default users (see TomcatConfig.shtml for details of how to do this). Remember the location of your Tomcat installation for the next step. Unpack SAM-2.1.zip Unpack the SAM zip file into the main directory of your Tomcat setup. This will copy all the files necessary to run SAM into the correct locations. (Be sure to use folder names to preserve the directory structure within the zip file.) Define SAM user accounts In the default configuration for the zip install, SAM 2.1 manages user accounts internally. SAM ships with a default root account that has write access to the entire data store. YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO CHANGE THE PASSWORD FOR THIS ACCOUNT. This can be done by editing the Domain.xml in the webapps/sam directory before running the server or by using the web-based admin pages. To create/modify accounts, access the server web page http://yourservername/sam/admin/main and select Security, then Select List and Edit Users and edit or add users to your server. For more information on this function see Administration Guide (Optional) Define your storage location The SAM 2.1 zip install preconfigures SAM to use the local file system for storing content and metadata). You can specify the base directory for the local storage by uncommenting and changing the store-base parameter in %TOMCAT%/webapps/sam.xml. By default, content will be stored in %TOMCAT%/store. A relative path definition will be interpreted as relative to %TOMCAT%/. You can also input an absolute file path. SAM can also be configured to use a database for metadata and/or content. An example configuration for use of MySQL is commented out in the Domain.xml file. (Optional) Configure Indexing Options By default, SAM 2.1 zip install does not enable lucene indexing, to use lucene indexing, uncomment the 'contentindexer' and 'propertiesindexer' parameters in Domain.xml. To specify which properties are indexed alter the %TOMCAT%/common/classes/indexed-properties.xml file. If you start the server prior to enabling indexing then data and metadata already in the store will not be indexed, to use the property reindexer, uncomment the 'reindex' parameter in web.xml. (Optional) Define email notifications You may configure SAM to send email notifications when there has been a change to the server. Download and unpack openjms- 0.7.5 .zip, to your desired location. In system variables set OPENJMS_HOME to location of openjms folder Change settings in web.xml -SAM_JMS_Mode on default is 'rmi', off is 'none' -SAM_Mail_Host your mail smtp server -SAM_Mail_Sender from address you want recipients to see -SAM_Mail_Send_Hour hour you would like daily digests sent out at -SAM_Mail_Send_Day day you would like weekly digests sent on Run openjms/bin/startup before starting Tomcat startup or alter Tomcat startup and shutdown scripts to start and stop openjms. Start Tomcat After the above steps, starting Tomcat will run your SAM server. You can access the SAM webDAV site via the URL http:your IP address:8080/sam/. You can use a variety of mechanisms to read/write data and metadata, for example: your browser (read-only) DAV Explorer Microsoft Explorer (configure a Network Drive using the above URL) or Office applications DAVfs (Linux) or WebDrive Other webDAV resources can be found at www.webdav.org. To access the ELN server in SAM, goto the URL http:your IP address:8080/sam/launchELN in your browser. Clicking Configure New Notebook will allow you to setup an ELN. Proceed to SAM Administration and Development Guide... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sam.war Installation Prerequisites: JDK 1.4 (or newer) (download from java.sun.com) A Servlet 2.3 capable Web Application Server (e.g. Tomcat) Note: These instructions are for advanced users and assume greater knowledge of your web application server than the recommended SAM-2.1.zip Installation. More details about configuration options are available in the SAM Administration and Development Guide... SAM Install the sam.war file using the standard procedure for your server. Set your server to unpack the war file (required for SAM 2.1 to run.) Defining User Accounts There are two main options: Create User accounts using the standard procedure for your server (e.g. editing tomcat-users.xml). Create duplicate accounts in SAM by editing the Domain.xml file in the SAM web application. Instructions for creating accounts and examples are in the Domain.xml file starting around line 288. or Configure a single-sign-on mechanism using your server's standard mechanisms (e.g. Tomcat Realms) and JAAS. SAM 2.1.zip includes JAAS LoginModules for username/password and MyProxy-based Grid Certificate authentication. These classes can be configured to integrate SAM's internal account mechanism with your web application server's. Using this option will require moving some SAM classes out of the web application to shared directories (see next step). (Optional)Supporting multiple web applications using SAM If you wish to use SAM (via it's API rather than webDAV) with multiple web applications, several additional steps are required: Move SAM JAR files Several base jar files must move to your server's shared library directory (e.g. %catalina_home%/common/lib for Tomcat): slide-kernel.jar slide-stores.jar slide-roles.jar Additional library files might be necessary, depending on the requirements of the web applications. In addition, slide-catalinawrapper.jar would have to be placed in a privileged directory on your server (e.g. %catalina_home%/server/lib for Tomcat) to enable single-sign-on using JAAS. Configure a Server Listener In order for SAM to be initialized when Tomcat starts a ServerListener has to be added to the Tomcat configuration (server.xml). The SlideServerListener looks for %catalina_home%/conf/slide.xml to initialize the Slide Domain. server ... Listener className=wrappers.catalina.SlideServerListener logLevel=6 / ... /server Configure SAM When used in this manner, SAM is configured through an XML file named %catalina_home%/conf/slide.xml instead of the usual Domain.xml. Proceed to SAM Administration and Development Guide... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ELN Client Installation The Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) was begun as part of a previous project and has been released under an open source license (see http://sourceforge.net/projects/eln/). The SAM project has contributed to the development of the ELN 5.1 client and has developed a SAM-based ELN 5.1 server. The ELN Client installation is the same for the original (Perl cgi) and SAM-based servers and users of a SAM-based ELN notebook should follow the standard instructions for installing the ELN Client. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About the SAM Project Download SAM Installation Instructions SAM 2.1 Features SAM Administration Development Information Getting Started with the Electronic Laboratory Notebook FAQ/Known Issues Support
On Dec 19, 2009, editors at Acta Crystallographica Section E alerted the scientific community to a disgraceful pattern of fraud involving papers they had published in 2007. At least 70 false crystal structures were reportedmainly from two groups led by Hua Zhong and Tao Liu, both at Jinggangshan University, Jian, China. All authors have now agreed to retraction of 41 papers published by Zhong and 29 by Liu. It is rather surprising that wrongdoing on such a scale evaded detection during peer review and, considering that crystal structures are deposited in public databases upon publication, that the truth has been uncovered so slowly. In China, the government controls almost all funding for research. As in other countries, to gain funding researchers need to publish as many papers in high impact journals as possible. According to Science Citation Index and other resources, Chinese authors published 271000 papers in 2008 , roughly 115% of the world's total. This incident is not the first time that scientific fraud has occurred in China. Regulations to monitor state-funded research projects were announced in 2006 by the Ministry of Science and Technology in response to six high-profile cases of scientific misconduct. A new circular was issued on March 19, 2009, aimed at preventing misconduct in higher education institutionspunishment for breaching the new rules could involve warnings, dismissal, or legal action. Research programmes could be suspended or terminated, funding could be withdrawn, or awards and honours revoked. Such extensive fraud is disappointingnot only does it indicate a substantial waste of research time and money, but it is likely that, whatever punishments do result, damage to the reputations of the researchers, institutions, and journal concerned is likely to be disproportionately great. Clearly, China's Government needs to take this episode as a cue to reinvigorate standards for teaching research ethics and for the conduct of research itself, as well as establishing robust and transparent procedures for handling allegations of scientific misconduct to prevent further instances of fraud. For Hu Jintao's goal of China becoming a research superpower by 2020 to be credible, China must assume stronger leadership in scientific integrity. The Lancet, Volume 375, Issue 9709 , Page 94, 9 January 2010 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60030-X
看完后无地自容! On Dec 19, 2009, editors at Acta Crystallographica Section Ealerted the scientific community to a disgraceful pattern of fraud involving papers they had published in 2007. At least 70 false crystal structures were reportedmainly from two groups led by Hua Zhong and Tao Liu, both at Jinggangshan University, Jian, China. All authors have now agreed to retraction of 41 papers published by Zhong and 29 by Liu. It is rather surprising that wrongdoing on such a scale evaded detection during peer review and, considering that crystal structures are deposited in public databases upon publication, that the truth has been uncovered so slowly. In China, the government controls almost all funding for research. As in other countries, to gain funding researchers need to publish as many papers in high impact journals as possible. According to Science Citation Index and other resources, Chinese authors published 271 000 papers in 2008, roughly 115% of the world's total. This incident is not the first time that scientific fraud has occurred in China. Regulations to monitor state-funded research projects were announced in 2006 by the Ministry of Science and Technology in response to six high-profile cases of scientific misconduct. A new circular was issued on March 19, 2009, aimed at preventing misconduct in higher education institutionspunishment for breaching the new rules could involve warnings, dismissal, or legal action. Research programmes could be suspended or terminated, funding could be withdrawn, or awards and honours revoked. Such extensive fraud is disappointingnot only does it indicate a substantial waste of research time and money, but it is likely that, whatever punishments do result, damage to the reputations of the researchers, institutions, and journal concerned is likely to be disproportionately great. Clearly, China's Government needs to take this episode as a cue to reinvigorate standards for teaching research ethics and for the conduct of research itself, as well as establishing robust and transparent procedures for handling allegations of scientific misconduct to prevent further instances of fraud. For Hu Jintao's goal of China becoming a research superpower by 2020 to be credible, China must assume stronger leadership in scientific integrity.
It’s New Year’s Day here in Honolulu, a very quiet morning except for birds’ singing. In contrast, the New Year’s Eve was LOUD, because it’s one of the few occasions that people in Hawaii are allowed to set off fireworks (when limited permits are issued for big fireworks that shoot high into the sky). We joined Yanli’s family to celebrate the coming of 2010, with good food, wine, and lots of small fireworks (that need no permit). Waking up half-rested, I was thinking of what to do on New Year’s Day. I could go check how my numerical experiments are doing, but that will only take an hour. I could finish editing a manuscript for my new client, which might take 2-3 hours. I could write a Blog about my ~100 days on the ScienceNet. Suddenly, an idea came to me… Writing well in English is a useful skill, whether you hate “the SCI journals” or not. If you can publish research papers in English, you will have more international readers. (Do go for Open Access journals whenever possible.) So, here is my proposal to you. If you are a graduate student whose advisor needs help with English writing, ask her (or him) if you could help to improve the draft (or translate it) for a reasonable fee, say much cheaper than a world-class English editing company would charge. If you are a serious student with average level of English skill, she might actually let you. Then, I request that you go over the manuscript twice or more, until you feel that you have done all you could to improve it. After that, you send it to me for polishing… Tell your advisor that I cannot promise the manuscript will be accepted by an SCI journal, but the editor and reviewers should be pleased with the clear English presentation. If you are a young scientist without your own research grants, you may approach senior PIs at your institute, who are not working on exactly the same topic as you do (to avoid potential conflict of interest) but could use some help with English writing. You may wonder what you could gain by doing this, besides making some spending money. Well, you could at least improve your own English writing greatly. (See my Blog on What Can You Gain from English Editing? If you are a devoted scientist, good English writing will come handy. If you are a graduate student who may decide not to continue research some day (for whatever reasons), you can always make a decent living as an English editor. Now, you may also wonder what I hope to gain through this partnership. I hope to expand my business in 2010, of course. I also feel I can help you to be a better writer of scientific articles. To find out more about me, you may simply google my name in English. Happy New Year!
会议主页 Welcome to OSSC 2009 WebSite Guiyang, China, Sept 18-20 2009 2009 International Workshop on Open-source Software for Scientific Computation 02.16.2009 | OSSC 2009 International Workshop on Open-source Software for Scientific Computation will be held in September 18-20, 2009, in Tianjiabing Building multifunctional conference centre of Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang, city of forest, the capital of Guizhou province, located amid the inland southeastern area, China Excellent City of Tourism. The aim of OSSC 09 is to provide an international forum of exchanging the knowledge of using open-source software for scientific computation within the communities from education, academics, to industries. We expect contribution papers focusing on the development and applications of open-source software for scientific computation. Key Words: Open-source software, scientific computation, toolbox/toolkit for research/education, mathematical modeling, numerical methods and simulation, computational science and engineering. All accepted full papers will be published by IEEE Press, which are cited by EI. Click here (pdf) for Call for papers. Organization Programme Committee 02.16.2009 | OSSC Honorable Chairs Songde Ma CASIA, China songde.ma@mail.ia.ac.cn Michel Cosnard INRIA, France michel.cosnard@inria.fr General Chairs Baogang Hu LIAMA, China hubg@nlpr.ia.ac.cn Christian Saguez ECP, France saguez@mas.ecp.fr Program Committee Chairs Claude Gomez Scilab Consortium, France claude.gomez@scilab.org Xiaoyao Xie Guizhou Normal University, China xyx@gznu.edu.cn Program Committee Roberto Bucher SUPSI, Switzerland Jun Cai University Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Roberto Coisson University of Parma, Italy Junping Du BUPT, China Claude Gomez Scilab Consortium, France Maurice Goursat INRIA, France Stephane Grumbach LIAMA, China Jianguo He Ningxia University, China Qiang Ji RPI, USA Shi Li LIAMA, China Xiaofeng Lin Guangxi University, China Xiaoping Lin Guangdong University of Technology , China Ding Liu Xi'an University of Technology, China Cheng Soon Ong ETH Zurich, Switzerland Longhua Ma Zhejiang University, China Kannan Moudgalya IIT Bombay, India Wei Pan Capital Normal University, China Shiyin Qin Beijing University of Aeronautics Astronautics, China Tetsuya Sakurai Tsukuba University, Japan Soeren Sonnenburg Friedrich Miescher Lab, Germany Serge Steer INRIA, France Kejun Wang Harbin Engineering University, China Xingbo Wang Hunan Agricultural University , China Eric TT Wong The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China Xiaoyao Xie Guizhou Normal University, China Shiqi Yu Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,CAS Organization Chair Shi Li LIAMA, China leeshi2006@gmail.com Publication Chair Mengqi Zhou IEEE Beijing Section, China zhoumq@public3.bta.net.cn Organizers LIAMA, Institute of Automation, CAS, Beijing, China Guizhou Normal University, China Co-Sponsors IEEE Beijing Section, China INRIA, France SCILAB Consortium , France Workshop webmaster Cai Kang LIAMA, China kangcai@gmail.com
This Second Edition of How to Write and Illustrate a Scientific Paper will help both first-time writers and more experienced authors, in all biological and medical disciplines, to present their results effectively. Whilst retaining the easy-to-read and well-structured approach of the previous edition, it has been broadened to include comprehensive advice on writing compilation theses for doctoral degrees, and a detailed description of preparing case reports. Illustrations, particularly graphs, are discussed in detail, with poor examples redrawn for comparison. The reader is offered advice on how to present the paper, where and how to submit the manuscript, and finally, how to correct the proofs. Examples of both good and bad writing, selected from actual journal articles, illustrate the authors advice which has been developed through his extensive teaching experience in this accessible and informative guide. BJORN GUSTAVII has been teaching courses in scientific writing for doctoral (Ph.D.) students in medicine for 25 years.He brings his personal experience to this book, both from writing more than 100 of his own research papers and from his work as a journal editor. Published date: 2008 Pages: 180 Free Download: Write and Illustrate a Scientific Paper.part1 Write and Illustrate a Scientific Paper.part2
有关计算机科学本体及相关的科学分类、研究方法、具体科学思维方法、范式等相关理论有待得到发展与完善，所有这些更有助于计算机科学的良性发展，计算机科学方法论是促进本体有序发展的基石，也是计算科技哲学的研究对象，需要计算机科学理论工作者用一般科技哲学理论加以具体化研究与改进，以使体系更好的为第三种形态的计算机科学服务。 展示一篇国外论文：Scientific Methods in Computer Science(参考研究) Department of Computer Science Mlardalen University 结构如下： Scientific Methods in Computer Science Abstract Introduction 1 What Is Science 1.1 Classical Science 1.2 Sciences Belonging To Several Fields 2 The Scientific Method 3 Science Research Technology 3.1 Aristotle's Science Contra Technology 3.2 Modern Science Contra Technology 4 What IS Computer Science 4.1 Sub-areas Of Computer Science 5 Scientific Methods Of Computer Science 5.1 Modeling 5.2 Theoretical Computer Science 5.3 Experimental Computer Science 5.4 Computer Simulation 6 Conclusion About The Scientific Methods OF Computer Science Reference 原论文地址 以下来源于( 参考研究 可以点击链接定位）
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