许培扬老师的博客 中提到了The SciVerse ScienceDirect team推出的各个学科各个期刊的热点论文（TOP 25）。很遗憾，这个学科分类中没有Library and Information Science,图情领域的期刊分散在不同的学科当中。如果大家想了解国外图情领域期刊热点论文，可以登录以下 http://top25.sciencedirect.com/archive/42/ 查询。我查询了 Information and Organization的TOP25，结果如下。 刚开始以为这些论文是根据其被引频次从高到低选出来的，但仔细看每篇文章的被引数据时发现，下面的第5、7、8、11、15、24、25这些篇论文并没有被引数据，第3和第这样14被引仅为3和1次。 以下是关于 TOP25 Hottest Articles 的一些说明资料。（摘自： http://www.info.sciverse.com/sciencedirect/using/Make-ScienceDirect-yours/top25/ ） Keep track of the latest trends and discover what your peers and colleagues are reading with ScienceDirect’s free TOP25 Hottest Articles alerting service. The Top25 allows you to see which articles have been downloaded the most, either from any of the 24 subject areas and/or from any of the 2,500 journals on ScienceDirect. Sign me up for the Top 25 ScienceDirect has nearly 11 million regular users which means that the Top25 lists provide an authoritative reflection of readership habits. These reports are generated quarterly, in order to truly reflect usage patterns. The Top25 is based on usage behaviour from the prior three months. So the Top25 lists published in September represent results of ScienceDirect usage during April, May and June of that year. Please note that the Top25 is generated solely from usage of ScienceDirect online. Articles in Press All articles are included in Top25 lists, including Articles in Press. This means that because Articles in Press are available online in ScienceDirect before their print publication, Top25 lists may include articles which have only just been published in the print journals. For example: Top25 lists generated from April - June usage data, will contain articles with publication dates of September. Go to Top25 Note for Authors We receive many requests from authors for information on the specific number of downloads for their articles; unfortunately, it is not ScienceDirect policy to provide this data. In addition, the Top25 service is not intended to infer any sort of preferential ranking to the journals, articles or subjects included, and should not be used as such, other than to present a general indicator of the readership behaviour of our users. 以下是Information and Organization的TOP25论文： 1. The qualitative interview in IS research: Examining the craft Information and Organization, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 2-26 Myers, M.D.; Newman, M. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (103) 2. An agenda for'Green'information technology and systems research Information and Organization, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 17-40 Jenkin, T.A.; Webster, J.; McShane, L. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (19) 3. Organizational culture and information systems adoption: A three-perspective approach Information and Organization, Volume 21, Issue 2, April 2011, Pages 57-83 Jackson, S. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (3) 4. Mechanisms for sharing knowledge in project-based organizations Information and Organization, Volume 17, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 27-58 Boh, W.F. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (31) 5. The institutionalization of information system project management practices Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 125-153 Mignerat, M.; Rivard, S. 6. Designing interviews to generate rich data for information systems research Information and Organization, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-16 Schultze, U.; Avital, M. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (11) 7. Emergent leadership in virtual teams: what do emergent leaders do? Information and Organization, Volume 14, Issue 1, January 2004, Pages 27-58 Yoo, Y.; Alavi, M. 8. Knowledge management technology as a stage for strategic self-presentation: Implications for knowledge sharing in organizations Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 37-59 Leonardi, P.M.; Treem, J.W. 9. Materiality and change: Challenges to building better theory about technology and organizing Information and Organization, Volume 18, Issue 3, January 2008, Pages 159-176 Leonardi, P.M.; Barley, S.R. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (93) 10. Real-izing information systems: critical realism as an underpinning philosophy for information systems Information and Organization, Volume 14, Issue 2, April 2004, Pages 87-103 Mingers, J. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (54) 11. Mobile phones during work and non-work time: A case study of mobile, non-managerial workers Information and Organization, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 41-56 Hislop, D.; Axtell, C. 12. Overcoming theory-practice inconsistencies: Critical realism and information systems research Information and Organization, Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 191-211 Smith, M.L. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (27) 13. What is IT? Information and Organization, Volume 16, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages 212-250 Quattrone, P.; Hopper, T. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (31) 14. Context and the processes of ICT for development Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 23-36 Hayes, N.; Westrup, C. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (1) 15. Exploring preconditions for open innovation: Value networks in industrial firms Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 4, October 2012, Pages 209-226 Westergren, U.H.; Holmstrom, J. 16. Some political and cultural issues in the globalisation of software development: case experience from Britain and India Information and Organization, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2001, Pages 25-43 Nicholson, B.; Sahay, S. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (96) 17. Information technology and culture: Identifying fragmentary and holistic perspectives of culture Information and Organization, Volume 15, Issue 4, October 2005, Pages 295-338 Gallivan, M.; Srite, M. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (76) 18. Demystifying case research: A structured-pragmatic-situational (SPS) approach to conducting case studies Information and Organization, Volume 21, Issue 3, November 2011, Pages 161-176 Pan, S.L.; Tan, B. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (7) 19. Implementing enterprise resource planning and knowledge management systems in tandem: fostering efficiency and innovation complementarity Information and Organization, Volume 13, Issue 1, January 2003, Pages 25-52 Newell, S.; Huang, J.C.; Galliers, R.D.; Pan, S.L. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (71) 20. Consumer subjectivity in the Age of Internet: the radical concept of marketing control through customer relationship management Information and Organization, Volume 14, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages 211-236 Zwick, D.; Dholakia, N. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (9) 21. Networks, negotiations, and new times: the implementation of enterprise resource planning into an academic administration Information and Organization, Volume 13, Issue 4, October 2003, Pages 285-313 Scott, S.V.; Wagner, E.L. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (72) 22. Designing routines: On the folly of designing artifacts, while hoping for patterns of action Information and Organization, Volume 18, Issue 4, October 2008, Pages 235-250 Pentland, B.T.; Feldman, M.S. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (43) 23. The three tiers architecture of knowledge flow and management activities Information and Organization, Volume 20, Issue 3-4, July 2010, Pages 169-186 Kamhawi, E.M. Cited by SciVerse Scopus (6) 24. From disruptions to struggles: Theorizing power in ERP implementation projects Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 4, October 2012, Pages 227-251 Silva, L.; Fulk, H.K. 25. Unpacking ostensive and performative aspects of organisational routines in the context of monitoring systems: A critical realist approach Information and Organization, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 1-22 Iannacci, F.; Hatzaras, K.S.
Google招聘Semantic Analyst(语义分析员)，很少看到他们招图书馆专业的。 虽然当下Big Data在国内这么火，但在信息的组织与集成方面，Google北京还是需要人的设计与参与。 这说明，不管data有多大，信息组织的基本思想还是不变的？ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 附：Semantic Analyst(语义分析员)说明 ： 来源于： https://www.google.com/about/jobs/beta/search/?jlo=en_US#t=sqq=jd=semanticli=10j=semantic Semantic Analyst Beijing, China Technical Infrastructure · Full-time · 1 day ago As a Semantic Analyst, you will help move Google Search from being an Information Engine to becoming a Knowledge Engine. This transition is powered by Google's Knowledge Graph - a system of organizing things around their real world meanings. You will work on making our Knowledge Graph more useful to users by developing new schema and frameworks to organize this data for everything from Renaissance painters to panda bears. Responsibilities Take responsibility for design, document and implement of a large classification scheme (e.g. a taxonomy or a vertical). Lead manual creation of mappings between different knowledge representation models. Evaluate the mapping results according to the predefined schema. Minimum Qualifications BA/BS degree (In lieu of degree, 1 year of relevant experience). Preferred Qualifications Librarian science or linguist degree or CS degree or equivalent. 1 year work experience in the area of librarian science and taxonomy. Some familiarity or proficiency with organizational system(s) (e.g. database schema/organizing/normalization, biological taxonomy, etc.), scripting or query language(s) (Python, JavaScript, R, SQL, etc.), or able to quickly gain proficiency. Awareness of one or more knowledge or data representation models (entity relationship model, relational calculus, network model, hierarchical database model, RDA, FRBR, Dublin Core, etc.) Project management experience with proven ability to manage multiple projects and apply high quality control to the process flow, define projects and execute within timeline. Excellent written and verbal communication skills in both English and Chinese. Excellent attention to detail; quick learner with creative problem-solving and analytical skills. Area There is always more information out there, and the Knowledge team has a never-ending quest to find it and make it accessible. We're constantly refining our signature search engine to provide better results, and developing offerings like Google Instant, Google Voice Search and Google Image Search to make it faster and more engaging. We're providing users around the world with great search results every day, but at Google, great just isn't good enough. We're just getting started. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: http://sociallearnlab.org/wiki/index.php/Tag%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E8%BF%9B%E9%98%B6%E4%B8%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%8B%93%E5%B1%95 Tag机制 A、B、C分别表示不同的学习者。 给学习者的建议： 一是不要用无任何语义的符号来做Tag标签； 二是尽可能与自己以往Tag标签建立联系； 三是除非有某种特定需求外，尽可能让自己的Tag标签与其他用户Tag标签建立联系，即尽可能采用领域共有术语进行Tag标签。 Tag标签与Folksonomy分类 Folksonomies: power to the people（ by Emanuele Quintarelli） Social Bookmarking Tools （I） A General Review（by Tony Hammond, Timo Hannay, Ben Lund, and Joanna Scott） Folksonomies Tidying up Tags?（by Marieke Guy,Emma Tonkin） Folksonomies - Cooperative Classification and Communication Through Shared Metadata（by Adam Mathes） Beneath the Metadata--Some Philosophical Problems with Folksonomy(by Elaine Peterson) Tag标签与认知研究 A cognitive analysis of tagging(or how the lower cognitive cost of tagging makes it popular)（by Rashimi Sinha） A social analysis of tagging(or how tagging transforms the solitary browsing experience into a social one)（by Rashimi Sinha） Tag标签与社会网络分析 http://del.icio.us/sociallearn/tag http://del.icio.us/bettywong/tagging Tag用户行为研究 2007年中国网民Tag使用状况报告（by 百度） Analyzing Communal Tag Relationships for Enhanced Navigation and User Modeling（by Simpson,Edwin;Butler,Mark H.） Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems(by Scott A. GolderBernardo A. Huberman) Patterns and Inconsistencies in Collaborative Tagging Systems: An Examination of Tagging Practices(Kipp,Margaret E.I.and Campbell,D.Grant) Tag与搜索 Automated Tag Clustering: Improving search and exploration in the tag space（by Grigory Begelman,Philipp KellerFrank Smadja） Can Social Bookmarking Improve Web Search?(Heymann,Paul;Koutrika,Georgia;Garcia-Molina,Hector) Tag与Library2.0 who says librarians（and teachers）don’t like tags（from del.icio.us blog） Tags(by Lorcan Dempsey) Tags Help Make Libraries Del.icio.us(by Melissa L. Rethlefsen) Internet Librarian Day 1: Innovative Uses of Web 2.0 Technologies(By Meredith Farkas) Tag与语义网，ontology Ontology is Overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags(by Clay Shirky) Tag相关国际会议资源 WWW 2006 Tagging Workshop Proceedings Tagging and Metadata for Social Information Organization（www2007）
From: http://www.isko.org/kolit111.php Ia C. McIlwaine: Literature Editor Assisted by John McIlwaine and Otto Oberhauser 1949 021 Williamson, Nancy J. – Classification issues in 2008 (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 318-331. 1950 026;325 Fagan, Jody Condit. – Usability studies of faceted browsing: a literature review (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology libraries, 29(2010)2, pp. 58-66. 1951 026;341 Stanfill, Mary H. et al. – A systematic literature review of automated clinical coding and classification systems (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 17(2010)6, pp. 646-651. 1952 032 Chakravarthy, R. C., Murthy, P. R. S. – Encyclopaedia of information technology , 5 v. (Lang.: eng). – Delhi, Pacific Books International, 2011. – ISBN: 9789380472973 . 1953 032 Sanjiv Reddy, T.R., Verma, Shyamgopal. – Encyclopaedia of library science and information technology, 5 v. (Lang.: eng). – Delhi, Pacific Books International, 2011. – ISBN: 9789380472904. 1954 048 Dahlberg, Ingetraut. – Information Coding Classification: Geschichtliches, Prinzipien, Inhaltliches (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)8, pp. 449-454. 1955 06.09-10-29/30 UDC seminar 2009: classification at a crossroads. Multiple directions to usability, The Hague, 2009. Proceedings (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4. Several of the papers were published in Knowledge organization, 37(2010)3 and listed previously. Those in 37(4) are listed individually here: Binding, Tudhope, (732); Broughton (325;42); Dunsire, Nicholson, (755); Osińska, Veslava (348); Šauperl (42;835) 1956 06.10-01-15/20 Guajardo, R. – Recent trends in catalog architecture. A report of the ALCTS Catalog Form and Function Interest Group Meeting, American Library Association Midwinter Meeting, Boston, January 2010 (Lang.: eng). – In: Technical services quarterly, 27(2010)4, pp. 372-375. 1957 06.10-03-28/31 Kosmopoulos, A. et al. – The ECIR 2010 large scale hierarchical classification workshop (Lang.: eng). – In: SIGIR forum, 44(2010)1, pp. 23-32. 1958 06.10-07-19/20 Hubrich, Jessica. – Concepts in Context – Cologne Conference on Interoperability and Semantics in Knowledge Organization: Internationale Fachtagung und Abschlussworkshop des DFG-Projekts CrissCross in Kln (Lang.: ger). – In: Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)10, pp. 993-996. 1959 06.10-07-21/23 Pika, Jiri, Hermes, Hans-Joachim. – "Mehr finden durch schlaueres Suchen": Sacherschliessung auf der 34. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 328-331. 1960 06.10-08-10/15 Altenhner, Reinhard et al. – Take a chance on me: Aus den Veranstaltungen , 76. IFLA-Generalkonferenz in Gteborg, Schweden ] (Lang.: eng). – In: Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)10, pp. 946-972. 1961 06.10-08-10/15 Jahns, Yvonne. – Take a chance on me: Aus den Veranstaltungen , 76. IFLA-Generalkonferenz in Gteborg, Schweden; Nachtrag zum im Bibliotheksdienst Nr.10, Oktober 21010, erschienenen Beitrag ; addendum to the article in Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)10] (Lang.: ger). – In: Bibliotheksdienst. 44(2010)11, pp. 1036-1038. 1962 07.81 Raju, Jaya, Raju, Reggie. – Descriptive and subject cataloguing: a workbook (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2006. – pp. 142. – ISBN: 9781843341260. 1963 09.12 Pohl, Adrian, Ostrowski, Felix. – Linked Data - und warum wir uns im hbz-Verbund damit beschftigen! (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 259-268. – Available at http://eprints.rclis.org/18934/ 1964 111 Samiei, Mitra . – (Lang.: per). – In: Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library information studies, 20(2010)3, pp. 177-196. 1965 112 Narayana, G. J. – Knowledge and information: perspectives and prospects (Lang.: eng). – New Delhi, Ess Ess Publications, 2010. – pp. 629. – ISBN: 9788170006077. 1966 114 Rendon Rojas, Miguel Angel, Herrera Delgado, Lizbeth Berenice. – Bases filosóficas de la organización de la información (Lang.: spa). – In: Perspectivas em Ciencia da Informacao, 15(2010)1, pp. 3-17. 1967 122 Baofu, Peter. – The future of post-human knowledge: a preface to a new theory of methodology and ontology (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2008. – pp. 294. – ISBN: 9781843345398. 1968 122 Hjrland, Birger. – The importance of theories of knowledge: indexing and information retrieval as an example (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 62(2011)1, pp. 72-77. 1969 124;212 Jehng, J.-C., Chou, S., Cheng, C.-Y. – A formal concept analysis-based domain-specific thesaurus and its application in document representation (Lang.: eng). – In: Lecture notes in computer science, 6018(2010), pp. 431-442. 1970 125 Oliveira Lima, G. . B. d. – Modelos de categorizaço: apresentando o modelo clássico e o modelo de protótipos (Lang.: eng). – In: Perspectivas em ciência da informaço, 15(2010)2, pp. 108-122. 1971 125 Youkui, Wen, Yuying, Jiao. – (Lang.: chi). – In: Journal of the China Society for Scientific Technical Information, 29(2010)3, pp. 387-392. 1972 126 Stock, Wolfgang G. – Concepts and semantic relations in information science (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 61(2010)10, pp. 1951-1969. 1973 135 Jiang, Chuntao et al. – Text classification using graph mining-based feature extraction (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge-based systems, 23(2010)4, pp.302-308. 1974 149 Benbya, Hind. – Knowledge management systems implementation (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2008. – pp. 318. – ISBN: 9781843342663. 1975 149 Hagar, Christine, ed. – Crisis information management: communication and technologies (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843346470. 1976 149 Kass, Stephen R. – Information lifecycle management (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843341635. 1977 149 Lambe, Patrick. – Knowledge audits and knowledge mapping: a practical guide for knowledge managers (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 97818343346524. 1978 149 Semertzaki, Eva. – Special libraries as knowledge management centres (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843346135. 1979 149 Webb, Jela. – Strategic information management: a practitioner’s guide (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2008. – pp. 244. – ISBN: 978183343769. 1980 149 Young, Tom, Milton, Nick. – Knowledge management for sales and marketing: a practitioner’s guide (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843346043. 1981 157 Al-Obeidat, Feras et al. – Differential evolution for learning the classification method PROAFTN (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge-based systems, 23(2010)5, pp. 418-426. 1982 176 Sarkar, P . – Learning image anchor templates for document classification and data extraction (Lang.: eng). – In: International conference on pattern recognition, 20(2010)5, pp. 3428-3431. 1983 191 De Sales, Rodrigo, Guimares, José Augusto Chaves. – Los principios teóricos de Cutter, Kaiser y Ranganathan como elementos de interlocución en organización del conocimento (Lang.: spa). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 21-29. 1984 193 Martinho, Noemi Oliveira, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes. – La catalogación de materias: apuntes históricos sobre su normalización (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 61-70. Portuguese title: “A catalogao de assunto: apontamentos históricos e a sistematizao de regras”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese 1985 194 Weihs, Jean. – A brief history of classification, Part 2 (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)2, pp. 16-19. 1986 194;42;43 Weihs, Jean. – A brief history of classification, Part 3 (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)3, pp.15-18. 1987 194;44;45;46 Weihs, Jean. – A brief history of classification, Part 5 (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)5, pp.14-16. 1988 194;48 Weihs, Jean. – A brief history of classification, Part 4 (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)4, pp.15-18. 1989 199; 935 Lee, Hur-Li. – Divination and the State: classifying technical texts in Han China (Lang.: eng). – In: Library resources technical services, 54(2010)4, pp. 200-211. 1990 214 Akbari, Ismail, Fathian, Mohammad. – A novel algorithm for ontology matching (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information science, 36(2010)3, pp. 324-334. 1991 214 Alejandra Segura, N., Garcia-Barriocanal, E., Prieto, M. – An empirical analysis of ontology-based query expansion for learning resource searches using MERLOT and the Gene ontology (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge-based systems, 24(2011)1, pp. 119-133. 1992 214 Brandao, S., Oliveira, J., Souza, J. – Knowledge representation with autonomic ontologies (Lang.: eng). – In: Lecture notes in computer science, 6428(2010), pp. 635-644. 1993 214 Currás, Emilia. – Ontologies, taxonomies and thesauri in systems science and systematics (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843346128. 1994 214 Evermann, Joerg, Fang, Jennifer. – Evaluating ontologies: towards a cognitive measure of quality (Lang.: eng). – In: Information systems, 35(2010)4, pp. 391-403. 1995 214 Hilera, José R. et al. – An evolutive process to convert glossaries into ontologies (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology libraries, 29(2010) 4, pp. 195-204. 1996 214 Janssen, T., Obrst, L., Ceusters, W. – Introduction: ontologies, semantic technologies, and intelligence (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence applications, 213(2010), pp. 1-12. 1997 214 Martinez, S. et al. – The role of ontologies in the anonymization of textual variables (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence applications, 220(2010), pp. 153-162. 1998 214 Paredes-Moreno, Antonio, Martínez-López, Francisco J., Schwartz, David G. – A methodology for the semi-automatic creation of data-driven detailed business ontologies (Lang.: eng). – In: Information systems, 35(2010)7, pp. 758-773. 1999 214 Park, Jinsoo, Cho, Wonchin, Rho, Sangkyu. – Evaluating ontology extraction tools using a comprehensive evaluation framework (Lang.: eng). – In: Data knowledge engineering, 69(2010)10, pp. 1043-1061. 2000 214 Rautenberg, Sandro et al. – Ferramenta ontoKEM: uma contribuio à Ciência da Informao para o desenvolvimento de ontologias (Lang.: por). – In: Perspectivas em ciencia da informacao, 15(2010)1, pp. 239-258. 2001 214;539 Couclelis, H. – Ontologies of geographic information (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal of geographical information science, 24(2010)12, pp. 1785-1809 . 2002 214;572 Gašević, Dragan et al. – Vocabularies, ontologies, and rules for enterprise and business process modeling and management (Lang.: eng). – In: Information systems, 35(2010)4, pp. 375-378. 2003 214;753 Daqing He et al. – Supporting information access in e-learning by integrating digital libraries and ontology (Lang.: eng). – In: Online information review, 34(2010)5, pp. 704-728. 2004 214;78-51/4 Smith, B., Brochhausen, M. – Putting biomedical ontologies to work (Lang.: eng). – In: Methods of information in medicine, 49(2010)2, pp. 135-140. 2005 214;872 Badii, A. et al. – Using a network of scalable ontologies for intelligent indexing and retrieval of visual content (Lang.: eng). – In: Studies in computational intelligence, (2010), pp. 233-248. 2006 223 Martínez, Ana María et al. – Concepto, forma y longitud de los términos preferentes del tesauro: una propuesta de indicadores de calidad (Lang.: spa). – In: Anales de documentacion, 13(2010), pp. 185-195. 2007 223 Wimalasuriya, Daya C., Dejing Dou. – Ontology-based information extraction: an introduction and a survey of current approaches (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information science, 36(2010)3, pp. 306-323. 2008 226 Li, G. et al. – An effective 3-in-1 keyword search method over heterogeneous data sources (Lang.: eng). – In: Information systems, 36(2011)2, pp. 248-266. 2009 233 Hlava, M. – Using a ‘collabulary’ to create a taxonomy (Lang.: eng). – In: Information outlook, 14(2010)5, pp. 29-32. 2010 253 Chaudhry, Abdus Sattar. – Assessment of taxonomy building tools (Lang.: eng). – In: Electronic library, 28(2010)6, pp. 769-788. 2011 291 Mandl, Thomas. – Evaluierung im Information Retrieval (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp.341-348. 2012 313 De Keyser, Pierre. – Indexing: from thesauri to the semantic web (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843342922. 2013 325 Mazzocchi, Fulvio, Gnoli, Claudio. – S.R Ranganathan's PMEST categories: analyzing their philosophical background and cognitive function (Lang.: eng). – In: Information studies, 16(2010) 3, pp. 133-147. 2014 325;42 Broughton, Vanda. – Concepts and terms in the faceted classification: the case of UDC (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 270-279. 2015 331 Pastor Sánchez, Juan Antonio, Martínez Méndez, Francisco Javier. – Aplicación de tesauros, taxonomies y ontologías en los sistemas de gestión de contenidos mediante tecnologías de la Web Semántica (Lang.: spa). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 143-153. 2016 343 Heid, Ulrich. – Computerlinguistik zwischen Informationswissenschaft und multilingualer Kommunikation (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp. 361-366. 2017 344 Beijar, Nicklas S. – Zone indexing: optimizing the balance between searching and indexing in a loosely structured overlay (Lang.: eng). – In: Computer networks, 54(2010)12, pp. 2041-2055. 2018 344 Gross, Thomas, Faden, Manfred. – Automatische Indexierung elektronischer Dokumente an der Deutschen Zentralbibliothek für Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Lang.: ger). – In: Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)12, pp.1120-1135. 2019 344 Marinelli, Rita et al. – Il modello semantico di EuroWordNet come strumento per la strutturazione della relazione associativa nei thesauri (Lang.: ita). – In: Bollettino AIB, 50(2010)3, pp. 249-263. – Available at http://aib.it/aib/boll/2010n3.htm 2020 344 Papapetrou, Odysseas, Siberski, Wolf, Nejdl, Wolfgang. – PCIR: combining DHTs and peer clusters for efficient full-text P2P indexing (Lang.: eng). – In: Computer networks, 54(2010)12, pp. 2019-2040. 2021 344 Revesz, Peter, Triplet, Thomas. – Temporal data classification using linear classifiers (Lang.: eng). – In: Information systems, 36(2011)1, pp.30-41. 2022 344;82-51/4 Lourenco, A. et al. – BioDR: semantic indexing networks for biomedical document retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Expert systems with applications, 37(2010)4, pp. 3444-3453. 2023 348 Elghamrawy, T., Boukamp, F. – Managing construction information using RFID-based semantic contexts (Lang.: eng). – In: Automation in construction, 19(2010)8, pp. 1056-1066. 2024 348 Osińska, Veslava . – Visual analysis of classification scheme (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 299-306. 2025 348;226 Klassen, M., Paturi, N. – Web document classification by keywords using random forests (Lang.: eng). – In: Communications in computer and information science, 88(2010)2, pp. 256-261. 2026 348;82-51/4 Zou, J., Le, D., Thoma, G. R. – Locating and parsing bibliographic references in HTML medical articles (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal on document analysis and recognition, 13(2010)2, pp. 107-119. 2027 353;214 Batet, M., et al. – Semantic clustering using multiple ontologies (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 220(2010), pp. 207-216. 2028 371 Steele, Thomas D., Foote, Jody Bales. – Reclassification in academic research libraries: is it still relevant in an e-book world? (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 49(2011)1, pp. 14-32. 2029 373 Lewis, Nicholas. – Playing the long game: reclassifying UEA library (Lang.: eng). – In: SCONUL focus, (2010)49, pp. 56-62. 2030 375;82-66 Lin, Katherina R., Murphy, Erin. – Reflections on a JX Reclassification Project (Lang.: eng). – In: Law library journal, 102(2010)4, pp. 459-466. 2031 377;82-66 Bird, Ruth. – Re-classification on a grand scale: Moys at the Bodleian Law Library (Lang.: eng). – In: Legal information management, 10(2010)3, pp.213-216. 2032 378*69 Weech, Edward, Dickers, Stefan. – Tackling a hundred year backlog: cataloguing and promoting labour history at Bishopsgate Library (Lang.: eng). – In: International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 39(2010)4, pp. 77-79. 2033 42;835 Šauperl, Alenka. – UDC and folksonomies (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 307-317. 2034 43 Courtright, H. R. – The national impact of the Dewey-less library (Lang.: eng). – In: Public libraries, 49(2010)4, pp. 14-17. 2035 541;214 Gupta, Amarnath, Condit, Christopher, Qian, Xufei. – BioDB: an ontology-enhanced information system for heterogeneous biological information (Lang.: eng). – In: Data knowledge engineering, 69(2010)11, pp. 1084-1102. 2036 582 Wang, Zhonghong, Chaudhry, Abdus Sattar, Khoo, Christopher. – Support from bibliographic tools to build an organizational taxonomy for navigation: use of a general scheme and domain thesauri (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 256-269. 2037 666 Alvite Diez, Maria Luisa et al. – Propuesta de representación del tesauro Eurovoc en SKOS para su integración en sistemas de información juridical (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp.47-51. 2038 682 Barros, Theago, De Moraes, Joo Batista Ernesto. – La clasificación archivistica: aspectos teóreticos e su constitución (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 31-37. Title in Portuguese “A classificao arquivistica; aspectos teóricos de sua constituio”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2039 682 Lih-Yau Song, Ko-Chiu Wu. – The subject classification of the national archives in the urban development (1949-2000): a macro-appraisal analysis (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of educational media library sciences, 47(2010)4, pp. 459-497. 2040 694 Harpring, Patricia. – Development of the Getty Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, and CONA (Lang.: eng). – In: Art documentation: bulletin of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 29(2010)1, pp. 67-72. 2041 711;878;88-69 Vlachidis, Andreas et al. – Excavating grey literature: a case study on the rich indexing of archaeological documents via natural language-processing techniques and knowledge-based resources (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)4/5, pp. 466-475. 2042 714 De Almeida, Carlos Cndido. – Pragmatisdmo y semiótica de Peirce en la organización de la información (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 15-20. Portuguese title: “Pragmatismo e semiotótica de Peirce na organizao de informao. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2043 715 Kettunen, K., McNamee, P., Baskaya, F . – Using syllables as indexing terms in full-text information retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 219(2010), pp.225-232. 2044 722 Hu, Y., Li, W. – Document sentiment classification by exploring description model of topical terms (Lang.: eng). – In: Computer speech and language, 25(2011)2, pp. 386-403. 2045 731 Fagni, Tiziano, Sebastiani, Fabrizio. – Selecting negative examples for hierarchical text classification: an experimental comparison (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 61(2010)11, pp. 2256-2265. 2046 731 Si, Libo Eric, O'Brien, Ann, Probets, Steve. – Integration of distributed terminology resources to facilitate subject cross-browsing for library portal systems (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)4/5, pp. 415-427. 2047 732 Binding, Ceri, Tudhope, Douglas. – Terminology web services (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 287-298. 2048 733 Leydesdorff, Loet. – Eugene Garfield and algorithmic historiography: co-words, co-authors, and journal names (Lang.: eng). – In: Annals of library information studies, 57(2010)3, pp. 248-260. 2049 733 Su, Hsin-Ning, Lee, Pei-Chun. – Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence: a first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight (Lang.: eng). – In: Scientometrics, 85(2010)1, pp. 65-79. 2050 736 Crasso, M., Zunino, A., Campo, M. – Combining document classification and ontology alignment for semantically enriching web services (Lang.: eng). – In: New generation computing (Tokyo), 28(2010)4, pp. 371-403. 2051 746 Li, S. T., Tsai, F. C. – Constructing tree-based knowledge structures from text corpus (Lang.: eng). – In: Applied intelligence, 33(2010)1, pp. 67-78. 2052 751 Fenton, Candida. – Use of controlled vocabulary and thesauri in UK online finding aids (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the Society of Archivists, 31(2010)2, pp. 187-205. 2053 751 Larson, Ray R. – (Book review of) Gker, Ayşe, Davies,John, eds. Information Retrieval: searching in the 21st Century. Chichester, Wiley, 2009. xxiii, 295pp. ISBN 9780470027622 Warner, Julian. Human information retrieval. Boston, MA, MIT, 2009. 200pp. (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 61(2010)11, pp. 2370-2372. Warner, Julian. Human information retrieval. ISBN 978-0-262-01344-4 2054 751 Proyecto 7: un motor de recuperación de información web colaborativo (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 53-59. 2055 751 Pastor Sánchez, Juan Antonio. – Bases para un diseo web integral a través de la convergencia de la accesibilidad, usabilidad y arquitectura de la información (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 61-72. 2056 751;723 Strasunskas, Darijus, Tomassen, Stein. – On variety of semantic search systems and their evaluation methods (Lang.: eng). – In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management Evaluation, (2010), pp. 380-387. 2057 752.2 Biranvand, Ali, Sharifmoghadam, Hadi. – (Lang.: per). – In: Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and information studies, 20(2010)3, pp. 23-36. 2058 752.2 Brown-Sica, M. et al. – Next-generation library catalogs and the problem of slow response time (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology and libraries, 29(2010)4, pp. 214-223. 2059 752.2 Yang, S. Q., et al. – The next generation library catalog: a comparative study of the OPACs of Koha, Evergreen, and Voyager (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology and libraries, 29(2010)3, pp. 141-150. 2060 752.2;666 Briscoe, G. – The quality of academic law library online catalogs and its effect on information retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Law library journal, 102(2010)4, pp. 599-612. 2061 755 Dunsire, Gordon, Nicholson, Dennis. – Signposting the crossroads: terminology web servces and classification-based interoperability (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, 280-286. 2062 755;325 Fripp, Dominic. – Using linked data to classify web documents (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)6, pp. 585-595. 2063 757 Belacel, Nabil, Carretero, Juan A., Mahanti, Prabhat. – AI and opinion mining, Part 2 (Lang.: eng). – In: IEEE intelligent systems, 25(2010)4, pp. 72-79. – Available at http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLPublication.jsp?pubtype=macronym=ex 2064 757 Hsieh-Yee, Ingrid. – Google Scholar and its competitors: accessing scholarly resources on the web (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843344476. 2065 757 Knitel, Markus, Labner, Josef, Oberhauser, Otto. – Sachliche Erschliessung und die neue Suchmaschine des sterreichischen Bibliothekenverbundes (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 275-285. – Available at http://eprints.rclis.org/19143/ 2066 757 Kovacevic, Ana, Devedzic, Vladan, Pocajt, Viktor. – Using data mining to improve digital library services (Lang.: eng). – In: Electronic library, 28(2010)6, pp. 829-843. 2067 757 Maruyama, Shirou, Sakamoto, Hiroshi. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Joho Kanri, 53(2010)5, pp. 233-240 . 2068 757 Segev, Elad. – Google and the digital divide: the biases of online knowledge (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 256. – ISBN: 9781843345657. 2069 757 Thabtah, Fadi, et al. – A new classification based on association algorithm (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information knowledge management, 9(2010)1, pp. 55-64. 2070 757 Werner, Katrin. – Grssere Zufriedenheit durch bessere Suchmaschinen? Das Confirmation/Disconfirmation-Paradigma der Kundenzufriedenheit im Kontext des Information Retrieval (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp.385-396. 2071 757;214 Ulicny, B., Kokar, M.M., Matheus, C.J. – Uses of ontologies in open source blog mining (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 213(2010), pp. 37-56. 2072 757;773.4 Zhang, W., Yoshida, T., Tang, X. – A comparative study of TF*IDF, LSI and multi-words for text classification (Lang.: eng). – In: Expert systems with applications, 38(2011)3, pp. 2758-2765. 2073 759 García Gómez, Juan Carlos. – Barreras en el acceso al contenido de las webs de universidades espaolas (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 17-29. 2074 759 López del Ramo, Joaquín. – Caracteristicas estructurales de la web y su coincidencia en la usabilidad: análisis del caso en los portales municipals de la Comunidad de Madrid (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 43-50. 2075 759 Oliva, Marta, Masip, Llúcia, Granollers, Toni. – Evaluación de usabilidad y accesibilidad de un conjunto de dispositivos interactivos denominados Puntos de Información Ciudadana (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 51-59. 2076 78-92 Antonio, Deise Maria, De Moraes, JooBatista Ernesto. – Análisis documental de obras de ficción: aspectos metodológicos y de aplicabilidad (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento 16(2010)2, pp. 71-78. Portuguese title: “Análise documental de obras de fico: aspectos metodológicos de aplicabilidade”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2077 791 Gruzitis, N., Nespore, G., Saulite, B. – Verbalizing ontologies in controlled Baltic languages (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 219(2010), pp. 187-194. 2078 797;88-92 Tonkin, Humphrey. – Navigating and expanding the MLA International Bibliography (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of scholarly publishing, 41(2010)3, pp. 340-353. 2079 811 Boccato, Vera Regina Casari, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes,Rubi, Milena Polsinelli. – Estudio observacional del contexto sociocognitivo de la catalogación de materias en bibliotecas universitarias (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp.103-110. Portuguese title: “Um estudo de obsercao do contexto dee assunto em bibliotecas universitárias”, Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2080 811 Dos Reis, Daniela Marjorie, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes. – La observación de la estrutura textual de los libros para la catalogación de materias en la bibliotecas universitarias de la UNESP (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 85-91. Portuguese title: “A observao da estrutura textual de livros e sua contribuio para a catalogao de assuntos em bibliotecas universitárias da UNESP.” Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2081 811 Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Dal’Evedove, Paula Regina. – La práctica de la catalogación temática en perspective sociocognitiva (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 93-101. Portuguese title: “A prática da catalogao de assunta em perspectiva sociocognitiva”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2082 82-66 Duffield, Claire, Fallon, Sarah, Stopford, Jean. – LIM meets LJI: an article on an abstract (Lang.: eng). – In: Legal information management, 10(2010)3, pp. 187-190. 2083 835 Abel, Fabian et al. – Leveraging search and content exploration by exploiting context in folksonomy systems (Lang.: eng). – In: New review of hypermedia multimedia, 16(2010)1/2, pp. 33-70. 2084 835 Anfinnsen, Svein, Ghinea, Gheorghita, de Cesare, Sergio. – Web 2.0 and folksonomies in a library context (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal of information management, 31(2011)1, pp. 63-70. 2085 835 Hargood, Charlie, Millard, David E., Weal, Mark J. – Capturing the semiotic relationship between terms (Lang.: eng). – In: New review of hypermedia multimedia, 16(2010)1/2, pp. 71-84. 2086 835 Heuwing, Ben. – Social Tagging in Bibliotheken: Erfahrungen an der Universittsbibliothek Hildesheim (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp. 407-411. 2087 835 Jensen, Jill Bauhs. – Folksonomies for digital resources (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010)3, pp. 23-38. 2088 835 Kipp, Margaret E.I., Campbell, D. Grant. – Searching with tags: do tags help users find things? (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 239-255. 2089 835 Knautz, Kathrin. – Tag-Cluster: Semantische Suche in Tag-Clouds (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 237-252. 2090 835 Makani, Joyline, Spiteri, Louise. – The dynamics of collaborative tagging: an analysis of tag vocabulary application in knowledge representation, discovery and retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information knowledge management, 9(2010)2, pp. 93-103. 2091 835 Mardani, Amir Hossein . – (Lang.: per). – In: Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and information studies, 20(2010)3, pp. 239-260. 2092 835 (Book review of) Peters, Isabella. Folksonomies: indexing and retrieval in Web 2.0. Berlin, De Gruyter, 2009. vi, 443 pp. ISBN 9783598251795; 3598251793 (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)8, pp. 469-470. 2093 835 Schilling, Virginia. – The catalogers' revenge: unleashing the semantic web (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010)3, pp. 9-23. 2094 835;918 Catarino, M.E., Baptista, A.A. – Relating folksonomies with Dublin Core (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal of metadata semantics and ontologies, 5(2010)4, pp. 285-295. 2095 842 Muto, Akira, Murano, Yuko, Suzuki, Chika. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Joho Kanri, 53(2010)5, pp. 241-255. 2096 845 Cramer, Elizabeth, Orkiszewski, Paul. – Cataloging serials for special collections: the challenges and delights of the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection (Lang.: eng). – In: Serials librarian, 59(2010)1, pp. 101-110. 2097 845;946 Curran, Mary. – Print serials workflow in RDA: a draft workflow for RDA toolkit based on JSC's sample workflow for a simple book (Lang.: eng). – In: Serials librarian, 59(2010)3/4, pp. 244-262. 2098 847;111 Rios, Elaine Rosa, de Novais Cordeiro, Rosa Inês. – Plano de classificao de documentos arquivísticos e a teoria da classificao: uma interlocuo entre domínios do conhecimento (Lang.: por). – In: Perspectivas em ciencia da informacao, 15(2010)2, pp. 123-139. 2099 851 Lennie, Frances S. – The visual appeal of indexes: an exploration (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)2, pp. 60-67. 2100 855;879 Hogan, Brian F. – Digital journal indexing: electrified or electrocuted? Problems, practicalities and possibilities: the case of the CCHA and/et la SCHC (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)4, pp. 154-162. 2101 858*99 MacCulloch, Diarmaid. – Christian history: 3,000 years and an author's indexing thereof (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)3, pp. 108-109. 2102 863 Koltay, Tibor. – Abstracts and abstracting: a genre and set of skills for the twenty-first century (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 236. – ISBN 9781843345176. 2103 864 De Oliveira, Ely Francina Tannuri, Grácio, Cláudia Cabrini, Silva, Ana Cláudia C. – Investigadores de mayor visibilidad en organización y representación del conocimiento: un studio desde el análisis de cocitaciones (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 39-45. Portuguese title: “Pesquisadores de maior visibilidade em organizao e representao do conhecimento: um estudo a partir da análise de cocitaes”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2104 864;245 Couto, T. et al. – Classifying documents with link-based bibliometric measures (Lang.: eng). – In: Information retrieval, 13(2010)4, pp. 315-345. 2105 864;88-1/54 Mahdi, A.E., Joorabchi, A. – A citation-based approach to automatic topical indexing of scientific literature (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information science, 36(2010)6, pp. 798-811. 2106 871 Guldogan, E., Gabbouj, M. – System profiles in content-based image indexing and retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Signal image and video processing, 4(2010)4, pp. 463-480. 2107 871 Hafner, Ralph. – Eine Systematik für die Medienwissenschaft (Lang.: eng). – In: Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)12, pp. 1136-1144. 2108 871 Janakiraman, C. – Library cataloguing and multimedia library (Lang.: eng). – Delhi, Pacific Books International, 2011. – pp. 272. – ISBN: 9789380472232. 2109 871 JungWon Yoon, O'Connor, Brian. – Engineering an image-browsing environment: re-purposing existing denotative descriptors (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of documentation, 66(2010)5, pp. 750-774. 2110 871 López Yepes, Alfonso, Cámara Bados, Victor. – Canales web y mediatecas en linea como instrumentos de producción, recuperación y diffusión en ciencias de la información (Lang.: spa). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 169-179. 2111 871 Neugebauer, Tomasz. – Image indexing (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)3, pp. 98-103. 2112 871;918 Kim, Sujin, Lamkin, Shannon, Duncan, Pam. – Caption-based topical descriptors for microscopic images as published in academic papers (Lang.: eng). – In: Health information libraries journal, 27(2010)3, pp. 235-243. 2113 872 Philipp-Foliguet, S. et al. – Artwork 3D model database indexing and classification (Lang.: eng). – In: Pattern recognition, 44(2011)3, pp. 588-597. 2114 872 Pupim, Eliana Kátia, Madio, Telma Campanha de Carvalho. – Arquivos de fotógrafos profissionais de eventos socais: um estudo de caso (Lang.: eng). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 197-208. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2115 872 Silva, Irisneide de Oliveira Souza, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Dal Evedove, Paula Regina. – El tratamiento del contenido informativo de la fotografía en la archivistica: algunas reflexiones (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 79-84. Portuguese title: “O tratamento de conteúdo informacional da fotografia na arqivística: algumas reflexes”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2116 877 Kelly, Elizabeth. – Music indexing and retrieval: current problems (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)4, pp. 163-166. 2117 878 Varniené-Janssen, Regina. – Methodological and organisational aspects of digitisation and bibliographic accesss of the cultural heritage: a Lithuanian approach (Lang.: eng). – In: International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 39(2010)4, pp. 67-74. 2118 913;879 Selden, Karen. – Linking globally, coping locally: cataloging Internet resources at the University of Colorado Law Library (Lang.: eng). – In: Law library journal, 102(2010)4, pp. 439-455. 2119 915 Deng, Sai. – Optimizing workflow through metadata repurposing and batch processing (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of library metadata, 10(2010)4, pp. 219-237. 2120 916 Zhu, Lihong. – The role of the Cataloging Department in the implementation of OCLC WorldCat Local (Lang.: eng). – In: Library collections, acquisitions, technical services, 34(2010)4, pp. 123-129. 2121 916;879 Martin, Kristin E., Mundle, Kavita. – Notes on operations: cataloging e-books and vendor records: a case study at the University of Illinois at Chicago (Lang.: eng). – In: Library resources technical services, 54(2010)4, pp. 227-237. 2122 918 Adamich, Tom. – Making and managing metadata (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)5, pp. 11-13. 2123 918 Guerra, F. – Simplifying access: metadata for medieval disability studies (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010) 2, pp. 10-26. 2124 918 Intner, Sheila S. – What metadata can teach us about cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)5, pp. 1-11. 2125 918 Leal, José Paulo, Queirós, Ricardo. – Design of an extensible metadata editor based on RDF (Lang.: eng). – In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, (2010), pp. 1219-1222. 2126 918 Park, Jung-ran. – Metadata application in digital repositories and libraries: tools, systems and architecture (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843345794. 2127 918 Park, Jung-Ran et al . – From metadata creation to metadata quality control: continuing education needs among cataloging and metadata professionals (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of education for library information science, 51(2010)3, pp.158-176. 2128 924 Bade, David. – Carlo Revelli on the (non)autonomy of cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 48(2010)8, pp. 743-756. 2129 924 Broughton, Vanda. – Brian Vickery, September 11, 1918-October 17, 2009 (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 49(2011)1, pp. 42-46. 2130 924 McIlwaine. I.C. – Brian Vickery, 11th September 1918-17th October 2009 (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)3, pp. 155-156. 2131 935 Ahmad, Hafiz Khubaib. – The Pakistan National Bibliography: a source of bibliographical control in Pakistan (Lang.: eng). – In: International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 39(2010)4, pp. 75-76. 2133 937*076 Oliveira, Ely Francina Tannuri, Grácio, Maria Cláudia Cabrini, Segundo, José Eduardo Santarém. – Redes brasileiras de colaborao cientifica em Organizao e Representao de Conhecimento: análise de coautorias dos Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informao (ENANCIBs) (Lang.: por). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 163-168. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2132 937;331 Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Gil Leiva, Isidoro. – Políticas de indexao na América Latina (Lang.: por). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 155-162. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2134 942 CannCasciato, Daniel . – An essay on cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Library philosophy practice, 12(2010)2, pp. 1-9. 2135 942 Marcus, Sara Rofofsky. – (Book review of) Fletcher, Jane. Collection-level cataloging: bound-with books. Westport, CN, Libraries Unlimited, 2010. (Third Millennium Cataloging). 95pp. ISBN. 1-59158-543-0 (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 49(2011)1, pp. 52-53. 2136 944 Ehlert, Mark K. – RDA: building blocks (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)4, pp. 19-22. 2137 944 Taylor, Wendy, Teague, Kathy. – FRBR in practice (Lang.: eng). – In: Ariadne, (Online) 64(2010). – Available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk 2139 944;946 Matsui, Junko. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Toshokan-Kai/The library world, 62(2010)2, pp. 182-193. 2138 945 Mukhopadhyay, Asoknath. – Guide to MARC 21 for cataloguing books and serials (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2007. – pp. 490. – ISBN: 9781843344070. 2140 945 Thomale, Jason. – Interpreting MARC: where's the bibliographic data? (Lang.: eng). – In: Code4Lib journal, (2010)11, pp. 20-30. 2141 945;934*040+276 Leibrecht, Veronika. – The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek reports: Germany and Austria’s migration project ‘Moving to MARC 21’ (Lang.: eng). – In: Alexandria, 21(2009)1, pp. 25-33. 2142 946 Carlo Bianchini. – Futuri scenari: RDA, REICAT e la granularità dei cataloghi (Lang.: ita). – In: Bollettino AIB, 50(2010)3, pp. 219-238. 2143 946 De Fino, Melissa. – Cooperative cataloging rules http://sites.google.com/site/opencataloging rules/ (Lang.: eng). – In: Technical services quarterly, 27(2010)3, pp. 317-318. 2144 946 Wiesenmüller, Heidrun. – Die Grenzen der Modernitt: Das neue Regelwerk "Resource Description and Access" (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 286-290. 2145 946;871 Falk, Patricia, Hunker, Stefanie Dennis. – Cataloguing outside the box: a practical guide to cataloguing special collections materials (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 260. – ISBN: 9781843345534. 2146 949 Herrero Pascual, Cristina, Diaz Ortuo, Pedro. – Gestión de un fichero de autoridades en el marco de la biblioteca digital de historia del pensamiento político “Saavedra Fajardo” (Lang.: spa). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 209-215. 2147 981 Clark, Malcolm, Ruthven, Ian, Holt, Patrik O’Brian. – Perceiving and using genre by form – an eye-tracking study (Lang.: eng). – In: Libri 60(2010)3, pp. 268-280. 2149 981 Lloyd, Annemaree. – Information literacy landscapes: information literacy in education, workplace and everyday contexts (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 208. – ISBN: 9781843345077. 2150 981 Torras, Maria Carme. – Information literacy education: a process approach (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2008. – pp. 126. – ISBN: 9781843343868. 2151 981;877;325 Snyder, Tracey. – Music materials in a faceted catalog: interviews with faculty and graduate students (Lang.: eng). – In: Music reference services quarterly, 13(2010)3/4, pp. 66-95. 2152 981;944 Pisanski, Jan, Žumer, Maja. – Mental models of the bibliographic universe. Part 1: mental models of descriptions (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of documentation, 66(2010)5, pp. 643-667. 2153 982;752.2 Willson, R., et al. – The effect of spelling and retrieval system familiarity on search behavior in online public access catalogs: a mixed methods study (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(2010)12, pp. 2461-2476. 2154 982;835 Hassan-Montero, Yusef, Herrero-Solana, Victor, Guerrero-Bote, Vicente. – Usabilidad de los tag-clouds: studio mediante eye-tracking (Lang.: spa). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 31-41. 2155 998 Kreyche, Michael, Lisius, Peter H., Park, Amey. – The DeathFlip Project: automating death date revisions to name headings in bibliographic records (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 48(2010)8, pp. 684-695.
原文发表于《情报理论与实践》2010年10期 ●刘 耀 1 ，穗志方 2 ，胡永伟 2 ，赵庆亮 2 (1. 中国科学技术信息研究所，北京 100038 ； 2. 北京大学 计算语言学研究所，北京 100871) 基于内容与形式交互的图书馆资源组织语义化方法研究 * 摘 要： 网络环境下的图书馆资源语义化已是大势所趋，本文在对国内外相关研究进行深入分析的基础上，依 据书目原理与共轭控制理论，提出图书馆资源语义化应分为 内容语义化和 组织语义化 两个层次的设想，并 认为图书馆资源组织语义化，可以看作图书馆资源语义标注的浅层标注，是内容语义化与形式语义化交互实现的过程，提出了基于 NLP 理论与方法，结合传统图书馆资源组织方式（分类法、主题词法）与领域本体构建技术，搭建辅助构建及标注一体化平台，进而实现语义元数据体系构建与资源组织语义化过程同步实施的解决方案，这一思想与方法的提出与实现，可以有效地促进图书馆资源语义化进程，使语义自动标注与知识服务成为可能。 关键词： 信息资源；语义化；语义标注；知识工程 图书馆存储了大量的文献资源。如何帮助用户全面、快速、准确地发现蕴涵在文献中的知识，从不同的知识维度展示这些知识、发现文献所承载的知识之间的各种关联，进而辅助用户更高效地进行知识创新，这是实现图书馆下一代文献服务的跨越式发展，从文献信息检索服务上升到文献的知识服务的关键问题。因此，网络环境下的图书馆资源组织语义化已是大势所趋。所谓语义化，就是选择适合的语义标签，通过资源中标签的内容反映出资源的语义特征，从而将内容转换成计算机可识别的形式，使计算机在一定程度上实现对资源内容的理解和掌握。 1 概述 在图书资源的语义化问题上，本研究依据书目原理（将某一文献信息浓缩为某一款目，将其作为这一文献信息的替代品，然后将款目组织排列成书目成为文献信息群的替代品，进而通过书目对文献信息进行揭示、识别和检索最终达到对海量文献信息有效控制的目的）与共轭控制理论 （需要控制而又未能控制的事物甲与可控制的事物乙之间具有相似或相关的关系，施控者通过控制事物乙，达到控制事物甲的目的）提出内容语义化和组织语义化两个层次。内容语义化，即利用自然语言处理技术对文献资源进行语义标注，实现计算机对文献内容的理解与掌握，其对语义化的解释前提是：每个词的意义是什么，词的意义如何结合成句子的意义，句子的意义如何构成篇章的意义等。文献内容丰富多样，浩若烟海，实现内容语义化虽然是资源语义化的终级目标，但就目前的自然语言处理技术来看，基本上难以实现。而知识服务又必须要求我们实现资源的结构化与语义化，因此，可将其视为事物甲。 组织语义化强调的是通过各类标签表示的组织形式上的语义化，其对语义化的解释前提是概念及概念关系的结构化与网络化。由于当前情报检索语言已达到相当高的控制水平 ，我们可以通过自然语言处理技术结合高密度知识单元对其进行重构与改造，使其具备一定的语义结构，进而实现资源组织的语义化，因此，可将其视为事物乙。那么，能否通过控制事物乙达到控制事物甲的目标呢？这是由内容语义化与形式语义化的关系来决定的。其实，内容语义化和组织语义化并不是独立的，是根据内容的语义去选择标签的（语义标注），这时标签的语义也就代表了内容的语义。笔者认为图书馆资源组织语义化，可以看作图书馆资源语义标注的浅层标注，是内容语义化与形式语义化交互实现的过程，因此，笔者提出了基于内容与形式交互的图书馆资源组织语义化方法研究的设想，其中涉及的两个关键问题是：语义元数据的生成和语义标注。 2 国内外相关研究现状 语义元数据 （也称作标签本体 Tag Ontologies ）提供数据的语义信息，是图书馆资源组织语义化的重要工具，在对仅仅为人所能阅读信息转换为机器可处理的信息中，起着极为重要的作用。这也使得近年来给数据赋予其语义信息的工作，即语义元数据生成，得到了越来越多研究人员的关注。 语义元数据生成技术与领域知识库或领域本体构建技术，从技术实现来看基本上是一致的，方法与理念也相对成熟，本研究也进行了艰苦的探索与研究，已取得大量成果 。 另外一个关键问题是语义标注，语义标注的方法目前来说有 3 类：人工标注；领域文档类型定义 (DTD) 和文档模式进行概念映射和标注；利用词汇语义分析进行标注 。手工语义元数据生成耗费大量的时间且包含大量错误，这使得一些工作集中在研发标注工具来简化手工语义元数据生成的工作。为了降低语义元数据生成过程中人的参与，一些半自动的辅助技术被应用到上述标注工具中。如 CREAM 系统的扩展研究中的 S_CREAM 和 PANKOw 等方法。为了彻底地自动化整个标注过程，大量的工作集中在设计自动语义元数据生成模型与方法上面。如 Huang 等人提出了一个基于 Web 的自动主题元数据生成系统 。 Yang 和 Lee 提出了一种自动生成网页的语义元数据的方法 。 A ． Dingli 等人提出了一个叫做 Armadillo 的框架 。 H ． Graubitz 等人展示了 DIAsDEM 框架 。 J ． Li 展示了一个基于依存语法的将句子进行语义标注并转化为 RDF 样式的机器学习方法 。 Dill 等人描述了一个在大规模语料里面进行语义标注的工程 semTag 。 通过对以上工作进行分析，不难发现，许多研究存在内容语义化与组织语义化概念模糊的问题，即将组织语义化等同于内容语义化 ( 内容的语义化过程，过度依赖自然语言处理研究的突破 ) ，由于理论上的局限，导致资源语义化实现的结果不理想。国外部分学者也认识到了这一点，如 Specia 和 Motta ， Hak Lae Kim 等提出了整合民俗分类法和本体，以丰富标签的语义表达功能的解决方案。民俗分类法的强大在于它可以聚合所有个人感兴趣的、被标签标注的信息。这对于网络信息组织来说具有一定的优势，但对于图书馆资源组织来说就太过于随意了。因此，本研究提出基于 NLP 理论与方法，结合传统图书馆资源组织方式（分类法、主题词法）与领域本体构建技术，构建语义元数据体系，搭建辅助构建及标注一体化平台，进而实现体系构建与资源组织语义化过程的同步实施的理论与方法。 3 需要解决的关键问题 1) 开发辅助构建平台。研发面向知识密集型文本片段的自然语言分析技术，构建语义元数据辅助构建平台。 2) 研究语义标注技术。开发基于语义元数据的中文语义标注技术，构建辅助平台，自动或半自动实现文献的语义标注。 3) 研究标签数据本身的描述深度和传统组织资源的协同性。当前语义元数据（标签本体）的研究还处于初级阶段，标签数据本身的描述深度和传统组织资源的协同性研究也是重点内容，需要进一步深化并相互借鉴融合，使其更加丰富并更具有适应性。 其中主要包括：标签数量与语义标注质量之间的关系研究、组织语义化质量与内容语义化程度的关系研究等内容。 4 思路与方法 利用自然语言处理 (NLP) 技术和机器学习方法对已有公认领域知识，如专业叙词表、专业辞典、专业教材或权威著作等进行重构利用，构建领域本体的基础上，开发中文文献资源语义标注技术，对相关文献进行语义标注，并在大量内容相对语义化的基础上，结合传统组织资源 ( 叙词表等 ) ，通过机器学习等方法，生成初始语义元数据，然后在辅助平台的帮助下实现图书馆资源组织语义化过程与语义元数据体系的构建同步进行，并将语义标注文献与语义索引分别存储。流程与结构见图 1 。 1) 数据基础建设。利用已有研究成果，对选定文献进行词性切分与标注，并结合领域语义词典，实现文献资源的专业知识标注 。 2) 面向知识密集型文本片段的自然语言分析技术研究。利用综合型语言知识库，结合统计技术，设计并实面向知识密集型文本片段的自然语言文本分析技术。通过在语法规则中结合语义信息，在句法分析的同时获得句法成分之间的语义限制信息。并对谓语中心词及其主要配价成分进行语义角色的标注，获得句子的浅层格框架，从而实现对知识密集型文本片段的自然语言部分分析和理解 。 3) 知识密集型文本片段的风格特征的表示、获取及应用。通过对专业教材、专著及百科全书的释义文本进行术语识别和浅层分析，学习表示领域概念关系的语言表示模式。进而，将这些语言表示模式汇集起来形成知识密集型文本的风格特征。下一步，将根据这些知识密集型文本片段的风格特征，并结合图书馆文献资源传统组织方式的结构标记集，从广泛存在的文本资源中选择知识密集型文本片段，作为获取领域新知识的来源，进而构建训练语料库 。 4) 研究语义标注技术。基于标签数据描述深度协同性研究，使用语义索引来存储语义标注的结果。语义索引的主要思想是，不按照文档来进行索引，而是对不同粒度的文本片段单独进行索引，并在索引中加入指示其粒度和语义信息的域。一个文本最主要的信息被保存在 3 个域中：第一是文本粒度，主要分为三级（篇章、段落和句子）；第二是文本片段的内容；第三是文本片段的语义。 5) 开发辅助构建平台。研发面向知识密集型文本片段的自然语言分析技术，构建语义元数据辅助构建平台 。 ① 利用主题词表的概念做本体的概念节点，并保留基本语义关系。主要是纵向关系，如心肌炎是上位是心血管疾病，下位是病毒性心肌炎等。 ② 利用专业词典切分标注文献资源。提供领域切分标注语料，揭示术语的真实分布，为语义计算提供数据基础。 ③ 利用教材专著等确定概念间横向语义关系。如疾病的关系涉及到疾病的发病机理、诊断、治疗、鉴别诊断、用药、预后等关系均可以由教材及专著中获得。 ④ 利用本体技术构建立体网状语义结构，生成概念间其他语义关系。如利用类的属性设置功能将生物化学物品类设定为疾病类的治疗属性，这样生物化学物品就被赋予了药物的语义，与疾病之间就构成了治疗关系。 6) 人机协作的语义关系自动提取机制的优化。本研究中人机协作机制的特点在于：通过人机协作，一方面，人类专家对机器学习的结果进行校对；另一方面，在校对过程中所用到的人类知识也被机器逐渐地吸收，进而在人机协作的过程中，语义关系的自动提取机制被不断地完善和优化。 5 结束语 本文提出了内容语义化与组织语义化的区别对待的理论与方法，明确内容语义化与组织语义化的关系，可以使资源语义化分阶段分层次实施；依据书目原理和共轭控制理论，将目标锁定在语义元数据体系构建上，使在自然语言处理技术不太成熟的情况下，也能大幅度提高资源语义化标注的自动化程度，使组织语义化快速实现成为可能；开发基于语义元数据的自动标注技术，实现了中文文献的半自动辅助语义标注，为加速实现了中文资源的语义标注进程提供了技术保障。资源的加工方式决定了其提供服务的方式，该方法的实现与实施，可以有效地促进图书馆资源语义化进程。使语义标注加工与知识服务成为可能。 不足之处：本文中开发的标注技术只是在实验系统中得到了实现，需要进一步应用到大型文献服务系统中进行验证与完善。另外，标签数据本身的描述深度和传统组织资源的协同性研究也需进一步深化，特别是标签数量与语义标注质量之间的关系研究，对于语义自动标注工作来说，显得尤其重要。□ 参考文献 李金，等 . 管理学原理 . 北京 : 北京工业大学出版社 ,2004:316. 刘耀 . 网络传播技术控制的共扼控制模式研究 . 情报理论与实践， 2009 （ 5 ）： 90-94. 张琪玉 . 积极为自然语言与情报检索语言的结合创造条件 . 图书馆杂志 , 1999(9):7-9. 韩先培 , 赵军 . 基于 Wikipedia 的语义元数据生成 . 中文信息学报 , 2OO9, 23(2): 108-114. 刘耀 , 穗志方 . 领域 Ontology 概念描述体系构建方法研究 . 大学图书馆学报， 2006(5) ： 28-33. 刘耀 , 穗志方 , 胡永伟 . 领域 Ontology 自动构建研究 . 北京邮电大学学报 , 2006(Z1) ： 65-69 . LIU Yao,SUI Zhifang. On method and automatic construction theory of domain ontology based on depended text // International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 2006 ： 63-66. LIU Yao, CHEN Xuefei, SUI Zhifang. Study on evolution of domain ontology // Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, 2007:1-4. 张晓林． Semantic Web 与基于语义的网络信息检索 ．情报学报， 2002 ， 21(8) ： 413-420. HANDSCHUH S, et al. S-CREAM-Semi-automatic CREAtion of metadata //13th International Conference, EKAW 2002 Sigenza, Spain, 2OO2:358 372 ． CIMIANO P ， et al ． Towards the self annotating Web // FELDMAN S I ， et al. Proceedings of WWW, 2004 ： 462-471 ． CHIE CHUNG HUANG, et al. Using a Web based categorization approach to generate thematic metadata from texts .ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing,2OO4,3(3):19O-212 ． YANG H-C ， LEE C-H ． Automatic metadata generation for Web pages using a text mining approach //International workshop on Chal1enges in web Information Retrieva1 and Integration ， 2OO5 ： 186-194 ． DINGLI A,et al. Automatic semantic annotation using unsupervsed information extract on and integration // GENNARI J ， et al ． Proceedings K-CAP, 2003 ． GRAUBITZ H ， et al ． Semantic tagging of domain-specific text documents with diasdem // SAAKE G ， et al ． Proceedings of DBFusi0n 2OO1 ． USA ： ACM ， 20O1 ： 61-72 ． LI J ， et al ． Learning to generate semantic annotation for domain specific sentences // GIL Y ， et a1 ． Proceedings of K-CAP,2OO1:44-57 ． DILL S ， et al ． A case for automated largescale semantic annotation ． Web semantics ： science ， services and agents on the W0rld Wide Web ， 2OO3 ， 1(1) ： 115-132 ． SPECIA ， LUCIA ， MOTTA E ． Integrating folksonomies with the semantic Web //European Semantic Web ． Conference ， 2007:624-639 ． HAK LAE KIM, et al. The state of the art in tag ontologies: a semantic model for tagging and folksonomies // In International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, 2008. 刘耀 , 段慧明 , 等 . 中医药古文献语料库设计与开发研究 . 中文信息学报 ,2008(4) ： 24-30. SUI Zhifang, LIU Yao, HU Yongwei. Extracting hyponymy relation between Chinese terms based on term typescommonality . ICIC Express Letters,2009,3(4): 1233-1238. 刘耀 , 穗志方，等 . 中医药本体概念描述体系的自动构建研究 . 现代图书情报技术 , 2008(5):21-26. LIU Yao, SUI Zhifang, et al. Research on automatic construction of medical ontology // International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010 . 作者简介：刘耀，男， 1972 年生，副研究员，博士，博士后。 穗志方，女， 1970 年生，博士，北京大学信息科学技术学院计算语言学研究所教授，主要从事知识工程与中文信息处理方向研究。 胡永伟，男， 1983 年生，北京大学信息科学技术学院硕士研究生，研究方向：自然语言处理。 赵庆亮，男， 1985 年生，北京大学信息科学技术学院硕士研究生，研究方向：自然语言处理。 * 本文得到国家 973 项目（项目编号： 2007CB512601 ），国家科技支撑计划项目（ 2006BAH03B06 ），国家自然基金项目（项目编号： 60873156 ）的支持。
， 1、 Second International Workshop on Practical Semantic Astronomy，2-5，March，2009 Glasgow，UK. http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/workshops/semast09/ 2、Content Architecture - ISKO UK Conference 2009 - London, 22-23 June http://www.iskouk.org/conf2009/index.htm . 3、 International UDC Seminar 2009 CLASSIFICATION AT A CROSSROADS - MULTIPLE DIRECTIONS TO USABILITY The Hague, 29-30 October 2009 http://www.udcc.org/seminar2009/index.htm. 4、全国第五次情报检索语言发展研讨会, 上海 征文截止日期 2009-4-30 5、DC-2009 Semantic Interoperability of Linked Data 12-16 October, 2009, Seoul, Korea， http://www.dc2009.kr/ 6、《图书情报工作》杂志社第２１次图书馆学情报学学术研讨会， ２００９年５月 ， http://www.lis.ac.cn/infomation.asp?id=45 不完整，暂记之！
标签: 信息组织
