很多人花了很多时间做研究，想发表论文还得先通过一连串投稿考验，却常常很难如期和如愿。这时候，可能有人会想那就一次投个八间十间，总会中一间吧? 这就中了投稿大忌了，投稿的黄金原则就是绝对不能一稿多投。 在这篇文章中，我们将会说明同时投稿到一间以上的期刊会有什么后果、该怎么避免陷阱，以及什么时候可以再投稿论文。 为什么不能”一稿多投” 不能同时投稿的原因有几个，道德规范、法律问题、现实商业因素，甚至是名誉上的考量都是。 名誉考量 期刊备受尊敬是因为他们发表受同侪审核的高品质研究，而且期刊以能为读者挑选出最新颖与值得注目的研究为傲，所以读者相当相信期刊。如果读者发现期刊竟然发表一些其他期刊已经发布的内容，读者会进而怀疑其他期刊发表内容是不是也是旧资讯。再来，不同期刊同时刊登同样的研究的话，可能会无意间夸大其议题的重要性。读者可能会误以为有很多研究同时针对同一议题进行，且刚好每一个都获得了同样的结果。判断不同期刊刊登的研究是不是由同一组研究人员所做或是否就是同一个研究，不应该是读者的责任。 法律因素 在投稿时，大部分的情况作者可以保有著作权，但必须独家授发表权给这个期刊，否则期刊不会审核论文。因此，从法律的角度来看，该期刊拥有该论文的唯一发表权 (除了一些例外，通常不涉及授予其他出版商类似的权利)。想想看要是你独家授权给两间期刊，结果幸运的他们都接受你的论文了，这个幸运就是你的不幸。期刊必须浪费时间与精力去解决这个授权冲突，最后可能导致论文先后被拒稿的情况。如果论文已经被刊登了，就会发生公开撤稿的情形。 现实商业考量 作者不是唯一一个担心自己浪费时间在投稿上的人，其他人也是一样的。高影响系数期刊的审稿时间大约是几个月起跳，这是因为期刊的编辑、审稿者与其他的员工投注了大量时间与资源审核上千份的论文。你担心无法投稿成功，期刊则担心无法筛选出最相关与新的研究结果。因此，期刊无法承担在最后一刻撤回稿件的巨大成本与风险，所以期刊的常见要求是作者一次只能投一间。 最后，限制作者一次只能投一间大幅降低了编辑审核的作业量，代表编辑有更多时间能用于审核其他的论文。如果大家都能一稿多投以上，期刊编辑将会收到比现在还要更多的量，则可能导致审稿期间拉更长。 一稿多投的后果 如上所述，其中一个后果就是期刊出于种种考量可能拒绝你的稿件，或撤稿已刊登的稿件。另外一种期刊可能采取的作法是要求你将长篇论文改写成短文，并保留对期刊读者来说有用的资讯。 最后，如果你被发现违反期刊的投稿规定，你可能会失去期刊的信任。后果就是期刊会更加仔细检查你之后的投稿文章来确保没有任何的道德议题。 一稿多投的其他问题 一稿多投是投稿过程中你可能会面临到的其中一个问题，重叠性高的研究也可能让编辑有警戒心。举例来说，把自己的研究结果分成好几份论文 (又称萨拉米香肠战术,salami slicing)发表的可能性。但是拆分研究来写论文不代表会被拒绝，只要分出来的每一份论文都有点(论文呈现不同的研究结果)，使其不重复，期刊还是有可能接收你的文章。 虽然普遍不鼓励萨拉米香肠战术，你还是可以根据一个大型的实验来撰写多份论文并投稿，多份论文使用共同的研究数据但聚焦在尚未被其他论文讨论过的议题就可以。 什么情况下可以一稿多投 投稿前提问(Pre-submission queries) 投稿之前都可以询问期刊编辑，这样一来可以先排除掉不适合你论文的期刊。这些询问信件(query letters)要简明扼要的介绍自己的论文内容，可以同时寄给多个期刊，如果收到期刊的正面回覆，那你就可以决定是否要正式投给这个期刊开启投稿程序。从很多方面来看，投稿前提问可以节省彼此时间和资源。 出版前或未出版之文章(Pre-printing) 在正式发表之前，Pre-printing是另一个方法可以先占有该研究的发表优先权。本着开放获取的精神，pre-printing是一个与科学界分享数据权限来介绍自己研究结果。举例来说，physical sciences database arXiv就是最早创立electronic pre-print的平台之一。 因为pre-prints不是同侪审稿过的，因此作者不应该把这个当成替代实际投稿期刊发表的手段。但是 pre-printing的其中一个好处是你在发表pre-print的日期时就已经拥有该研究议题的优先发表权，而不是之后正式论文发表的日期。 所以，如果你担心某个研究议题的第一个发表地位会先被其他人抢走的话， pre-prints是一个蛮不错的方法。 另外需要注意的是 假设你打算投稿到双盲审查的期刊，你就不可以使用这个方法。 双盲审查的目的就是为了排除所有作者相关资讯所造成的偏见。然而，Pre-printing可能会影响到双盲审查的目的，因为论文内容可能已经在数据库中被审查编辑看过了。因此，期刊编辑就得花更多时间来找其他还没看过pre-print内容的编辑来审查论文。编辑如果需要花更多的时间来帮你找审查编辑，那么论文被接收的可能性就会小很多。 额外信息 想参考额外关于同时投稿多间期刊的道德议题，请参考以下: Elsevier Factsheet, “ Simultaneous Submission/ Multiple, Duplicate Publication .” International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), “ Overlapping Publications .” Elizabeth Wager, “ Why You Should not Submit Your Work to More than One Journal at a Time .” Elsevier’s case studies regarding multiple publications: Case Study 1 , Case Study 2 , and Case Study 3 . Committee on Publication Ethics, “ What to Do If You Suspect Redundant (Duplicate) Publication (A) .” Committee on Publication Ethics, “ What to Do If You Suspect Redundant (Duplicate) Publication (B) .”
学术界中，许多学者的职涯与论文发表数量息息相关。虽然一个人的发表多寡不代表他的聪颖程度或对于学术圈的实际贡献，然而许多研究单位、公司，甚至是非营利单位都使用发表文章多寡来比较候选人的好坏。但是一个研究计画可能需要耗费相当长的时间，而研究可以长达十几年。如果不加速研究进度的情况下，我们能如何增加论文发表列表的数量呢? 寻找其他发表的方法。 研究论文不是唯一一种被列为刊物的形式，你可以利用以下不同种类的文章来增加你发表数量。以下是各种不同的论文形式的介绍， 列表中提供每种写作的简短介绍、内容特色、是否由编辑征求、作者数量的统计、文献和字数，同时也准备了几个范例提供参考。 如果你写论文的时候，已经决定好要投哪个期刊的话，可以将该期刊最近的发表文章都看过一次来学习写作风格。除此之外，把期刊的作者须知(guide for authors)读过一次来确认编辑的确切要求。 文稿类别 详细内容 范文 Original Research Papers, including Clinical Cases Studies An article that discusses the details of recent original projects, including their data, results, and findings. This type of work includes references and figures. Word count: ~3,000 words Abstract: Yes References: many journals have a cap of 50-60 references Figures/Tables: ~5-8 Solicited: Usually unsolicited No.of Authors : ~5, though usually no limit Common genetic variation drives molecular heterogeneity in human iPSCs Statin and rottlerin small-molecule inhibitors restrict colon cancer progression and metastasis via MACC1 Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st century The association between Western and Prudent dietary patterns and fasting blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes and normal glucose metabolism in older Australian adults A Trial of Itraconazole or Amphotericin B for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis Hubble Law: Measure and Interpretation Brief Reports/ Case Reports A short manuscript that shares recent, validated findings by focusing on a single, novel concept such as a new approach to therapy or first-time reports of clinical cases. For example, a case report can discuss one to three patients or a single family . Word count: ~1,000-2,000 Abstract: Yes (shorter summary than original research paper abstract) References: 20 Figures/Tables: ~2-3 Solicited: Usually unsolicited No. of Authors : ~5 Buprenorphine for the Treatment of the Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Case 13-2017 — A 41-Year-Old Man with Hearing Loss, Seizures, Weakness, and Cognitive Decline Review Articles A paper that summarizes recently published developments on a topic without adding new data. Typically, the explored studies must be no older than six to twelve months, and the authors use an objective approach to providing new insight on the topic. Word count: ~4,000 words Abstract: Yes References: 60-100 (usually contains more references than an original research article) Figures/Tables: ~5 Solicited: Generally solicited, but editors often accept unsolicited materials. Propose a topic to the editors before drafting. No. of Authors: 1-3 Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Their Recurrence Making the Case for Causal Dynamical Triangulations Systematic Reviews/ Meta-Analyses As a comprehensive review of a highly relevant topic, this type of manuscript frequently covers the history of the subject and a survey of approaches and strategies. This exhaustive literature review uses explicit methods and analyzes data from other studies. Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may be used to assign varying weights to the studies analyzed. In essence, a systematic review can be a cost-effective way to answer your research question without launching a new investigation. Word count: 5,000 Abstract: Yes PRISMA statement : Yes References: 100 Figures/Tables: ~5-8 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: 1-3 A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia Impact of searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews of pharmaceutical treatments: methodological systematic review and reanalysis of meta-analyses Vitamin C and the common cold For additional examples, see “ Systematic reviews. Some examples. “ Research Letters to the Editor Concise presentation of original, validated findings. Word count: up to ~700 words Abstract: No References: 6 Figures/Tables: 1-2 Solicited: Can be unsolicited No.of Authors : ~3-5 Slush-like polar structures in single-crystal relaxors Trial of Transplantation of HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling Letters to the Editor regarding Recently Published Articles A short, reactionary letter regarding an article recently published by the journal. References are generally used to rebut, clarify or concur with claims presented in the published article, and the authors of the study being challenged can respond to the letter. The commenters sometimes use the letters to suggest other implications of a paper’s findings. Word count: ~300-500 words Abstract: No References: 5 Figures/Tables: 0-1 Solicited: Unsolicited No. of Authors: ~3 (some journals allow up to 10) Correspondence: Analytical flaws in a continental-scale forest soil microbial diversity study Case 8-2017: A Zimbabwean Man with a Severe Headache Junior scientists: Senior scientists as allies for equity Conservation: Pay countries to stop whaling Editorials: Opinions and Other Commentaries Various journals have different types of editorials. Clinical journals may focus on policies, ethical issues, and other current global issues that can affect clinical studies. These articles can also suggest new methods (e.g., new technologies and software) and policies that affect the practical aspects of being a researcher. Since these manuscripts aim to enrich the scientific knowledge by providing insights into matters that can affect the readership community, these articles are often solicited by editors. Word count: up to ~2,000 words Abstract: None References: 10 Figures/Tables: 0 Solicited: A journal may have several categories of editorial content, some of which are solicited, while others are not. Even when generally solicited, editors may accept proposals. No. of Authors: 1-3 Reassess dam building in the Amazon Empty rhetoric over data sharing slows science A Tale of Two Doctors — Structural Inequalities and the Culture of Medicine Perspectives/ Theoretical Papers Survey articles that assess theories, models, concepts and their controversies from a more subjective approach . Word count: a wide range of 1,000-7,000 Abstract: Yes References: 10-100 (depending on the article length) Figures/Tables: 1-2 Solicited: Unsolicited but proposals may be accepted No. of Authors: 3 Replication Catastrophe: When a Checkpoint Fails because of Exhaustion Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin The Waiting Game — Why Providers May Fail to Reduce Wait Times Specialized Articles regarding Protocols, Data Sharing and other Methodology-Related Content Research Elements is the trademarked name for Elsevier’s line of specialized short papers on sharing data, software code, developed materials and methods, and video articles. Other publishers carry similar articles, such as Nature ‘s “ Protocols .” This type of manuscript is short and usually peer-reviewed; however, some journals such as Protocols have more robust requirements, which are similar to those for full original research articles. The purpose of these documents is to promote the transparency, reproducibility, and collaboration and may or may not have open access. Word count: 3,000 Abstract: Yes References: depends on the length but can range from 1 to ~50. A minimum requirement may be 1: the study that demonstrates the method or protocol featured in this manuscript. Figures/Tables: 5 Solicited: Varies. Research Elements are unsolicited. Journals such as Protocols publish solicited works. Even if solicited, proposals may be accepted. No. of Authors: 3; one of the authors may need to be an author of the original research paper that applies the method discussed in the protocol paper (e.g., see Nature Protocols requirements ) Biological and chemical strategies for exploring inter- and intra-kingdom communication mediated via bacterial volatile signals mRNA quantification using single-molecule FISH in Drosophila embryos Generation of iPSC line HEL47.2 from healthy human adult fibroblasts Data on blueberry peroxidase kinetic characterization and stability towards thermal and high pressure processing Book Reviews As the category title suggests, this article type focuses on examining relevant books of interest to the journal’s readership. A manuscript may cover a single book or several based on a theme. Word count: 500-700 words Abstract: No References: No Figures/Tables: No Solicited: Solicited, but proposals may be accepted. Some editors have a specific list of books they may have slated for review, so you can ask them if you can participate in the book review process. No. of Authors: 1 Natural history: Thoreau’s debt to Darwin Astronomy: An all-American eclipse Conference Papers/ Conference Proceedings Although conference papers are based on research, they can focus solely on preliminary findings. Additionally, some fields such as computer science highly value conference paper publications. In addition, many universities and institutions may value journal publications more, but the academic community still finds merit in conference papers. In any case, publishing conference papers with organizations can help generate momentum for you as you continue your research. For example, some publications under the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (IEEE) allow the conversion of conference papers into more substantial journal paper IEEE is also respected for its published conference proceedings. Length: 6 pages Abstract: Yes References 50 Figures/Tables: 5 Solicited: Unsolicited; submissions made in advance of the conference (~6 months minimum) of Authors: Varies but generally 3 May need to be present at conference to present your article A distributed cloud resource management framework for High-Performance Computing (HPC) applications Does Gamification Work? — A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification Estimation of coal consumption rate based on operating parameters For a list of IEEE conferences that accept publications, click here .
在对我们研究进行的叙述过程中，利用证据和实例来阐释说明是一个重要组成部分。的确，作者在论文中所提供的说明，表意明确的话，能够帮助作者强化研究结论的准确性；而不恰当的表达，反而可能让读者对文章的研究结论心生怀疑。因此， 使用适当且符合逻辑的句子引导读者理解论文的研究内容，是撰写论文时十分必要的能力。 1. 利用证据和实例的最佳时机 证据和实例为我们的说明打下一个稳定的基础。没有实例辅助的话，论文的结论缺乏可信度。不论是流水帐般的实例验证，还是无法提供任何材料或信息的来源，二者其实都一样糟糕的。因此，当你介绍实例时，需要确保适时睿智地挑选证据，并使用适当和清楚的句子来说明这个实例能够论证你的结论。当你在写作论文有以下几种需要时，你应该要介绍你的实例论证： 说明“非普遍知识”的内容时 ; 根据某个数据来引导结论、推论或说明涵义时; 需要澄清一个先前的叙述，使用范例说明能够更加清楚的时候; 需要找出某个类别的代表性范例; 想要区分概念时; 想要利用某个情况来强调某个特点时。 2. 相关句型使用建议 以下是根据功能的不同，我们列出了几个句型，虽然这个列表并不详尽，但至少能提供几个可以使用的短语类型。 2.1 目的 stating information that is not “common knowledge” 介绍性句型 As indicated/stated/discovered According to , 范文 As Smith indicated in a 2010 study . . . According to Marks and Peters . . . 2.2 目的 drawing conclusions, making inferences, or suggesting implications based on specific data 介绍性句型 suggests as evidenced/suggested/indicated by based on can be seen/observed when as seen in which is made apparent when is demonstrated by/through/when hinges on 范文 The strong negative correlation suggests that . . . As evidenced/suggested/indicated by their enlarged adrenal glands, patients with . . . Based on self-reported survey results . . . This phenomenon can be seen/observed when wind speeds exceed . . . As seen in the high recurrence rates of . . . The causal link between A and B, which is made apparent when B triggers . . . The efficacy of chocolate as a cure for unhappiness is demonstrated by survey results highlighted in . . . This conclusion hinges on . . . 2.3 目的 clarifying a prior statement 介绍性句型 for example for instance by way of illustration as an example to clarify to explain further namely to be specific that is, in other words, 范文 This occurrence is rare. For example , only one in twenty . . . It is unlikely that current population growth rates are sustainable. For instance , several major coastal cities are already suffering from . . . By way of illustration , less than 20% of new matriculants feel prepared for . . . As an example , when a country faces economic recession, polls indicate that over 80% of the population supports . . . To clarify , not all government-funded facilities provide . . . To explain further , large doses of Agent O can trigger . . . Millennials prefer flexible work conditions, namely the ability to work remotely. To be specific , bull markets can . . . That is, significant and sudden drops in temperature can . . . In other words, short bursts of high-intensity ultrasound can . . . 2.4 目的 identifying representative examples of a category 介绍性句型 for example/instance such as* e.g. one/another example like* excluding including an example being *NOTE: “such as” and “like” have two different uses. “Such as” introduces a specific example that is part of a category. “Like” suggests the listed items are similar to, but not included in, the topic discussed. 范文 Typhoons are considered acts of God, for example/instance . The island is home to many native carnivorous plants, such as Venus flytraps. The only known bioluminescent vertebrates are fish ( e.g. the anglerfish and lantern fish). One/another example of this exception is . . . I prefer outdoor sports like mountain climbing because they allow me to enjoy nature while exercising. All mammals, excluding humans, stop drinking milk at a young age. All stars, including our sun, . . . Hawks feast on rodents, an example being . . . 2.5 目的 distinguishing concepts 介绍性句型 in a similar case unlike the case of in the same way as a case in point in a typical situation in a normal scenario 范文 In a similar case , a male patient with arthritis . . . Unlike a single-blind study, a double-blind study reduces the risk of observer bias. Redundancy and wordiness can be reduced in the same way : through careful editing. As a case in point , let's look at the situation in which . . . In a typical situation , marsupials would . . . In a normal scenario , cortisol suppressant effects . . . 2.6 目的 emphasizing a point by highlighting a specific situation 介绍性句型 for example indeed in fact notably markedly as a case in point 范文 Nocturnal marsupials, for example , have . . . Indeed , since the World Health Organization declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . . . Ice-free habitats around Antarctica, in fact , have . . . High carbon steel alloys, notably , undergo a transformation when . . . Markedly , the deserts irregular rainfall levels have . . . As a case in point , the last known male northern white rhinoceros . . . 我们不定期分享英文写作学习资源，想要了解更多，请至 Wordvice官网 博客查阅。
2017年的国际同行评议周（9/11-9/17）正进行的如火如荼， 业界各方探讨同行评审带来的不同契机和挑战，而对于科研作者而言， 正确的回复编辑以及同行审稿人的意见，对于科研文稿的命运，起着至关重要的作用， 藉此契机，我们一起和中国的科研作者讨论一下，在获得同行评议的意见之后，如何更好的和审稿人沟通。 目前的科研写作中的同行评议制度可谓既让人受益，又不免让人沮丧，而且有助于提高科研文稿质量的实质性建议，往往都深藏在篇幅较长措辞微妙的评论意见之中，这对于母语非英文的作者来说是一个很大的挑战，而且如果您发现审稿人显然没有通读您的文稿，或完全误解了某项结论，作者将作何解释和处理？ 很多时候作者可能非常想直接回答说该审稿人没有通读文章，然后并不作任何其他的解释。这种心情相信大家都有，如何正确的对待和处理才可以达到合理解释的同时恰当的表达自己的观点呢？ 首先，希望作者可以端正态度 要知道，同行评议中的审稿人是本着为促进科研界的探索和发现，诚心诚意的进行至关重要的审稿，因此我们有必要要向他们提供严谨并且全面的答复。审稿人从全新视角的为您的文稿提供评价，有时能在文稿到达更广泛的读者之前发现重大缺陷。最终是作者本人获得作品带来的荣誉，但审稿人对文稿的成文经过也起到了功不可没的作用。 您可以 无需认同审稿人的 每一条建议 ，但当您想拒绝一两条建议时，礼貌的答复会对您大有帮助。从长远角度来说，如何答复审稿人和编辑，也影响到您的手稿是否能获得满意的审阅决定。 您与审稿人进行礼貌和客观的讨论的同时也传达出您对学术的投入态度，以及希望让同行评议帮助您提高文稿质量的意愿。 好了，关键来了，那应该 怎样有礼有节的答复这些意见呢？ 以下英文范例是很多情况下作者可能会用到的表达，我们提供了更有礼貌的英文表述方式，以作参考。 另外很多时候，作者很可能已经审阅过其他作者的文章（-即使现在没有，在未来也很有可能成为审稿人），因此利用答复审稿人问题的机会，如果可以用您希望他人对待您的方式，将心比心。 以下仅为示例，请用自己的语言撰写具体意见。 • 您想要说 ：你之所以提出这个问题就是因为没理解我们写的东西 • 建议您说 ：我们有几处表述比预想的模糊，我们已对文本作出调整，使其更加清晰 明确。 （Several statements that we made were more ambiguous than intended, and we have adjusted to the text to be clearer.） • 您想要说 ：目前没人能回答那个问题。 • 建议您说 ：这个问题很合理，我们也正积极寻找答案。或这是个很合理的重要问题，我们也很想获知结果。但我们暂时回答不了这个问题。 （This is a valid question, and we are actively pursuing the answer in our lab. OR This is a valid and important question, and we are curious what the results would be. However, we are unaware of any studies that provide the answer.） • 您想要说 ：那种实验得花很久时间。 • 建议您说 ：建议中提及的实验十分有趣，能提供与……相关的其他信息（在这里引用评审人员的意见），但我们认为它超出了本研究的范围。 （The suggested experiment is interesting and would provide additional information about…, but we feel that it falls outside the scope of this study.） • 您想要说： 我们不是说已经证明了某项结论——那只是我们的假设！ • 建议您说 ： 我们同意这种解释目前只是推测，并且我们已对文本进行编辑，以说明本文结论仅由文中结果得出。 （We agree that this explanation is speculative at this time, and we have edited the text to state that our conclusion is only suggested by our results. ） 注：您需要改动文稿这部分的内容以便进一步强调您的描述仅为假设，即便您之前认为这很明显，但还是需要进行调整的，不能假设别人会如作者本人一样熟悉内容。 • 您想要说 ：你根本没看懂我们写的东西才有这样的疑问。 • 建议您说 ：我们并非想表明 ，因此我们已修改了文本，以具体说明 。 （We did not intend to indicate , and we have therefore altered the text to specify that . ） 注：如同前述，还是要对文稿那几处用词进行修改调整的。 • 您想要说 ：这个无关学术观点，不过是语言或者写作结构的问题罢了 • 建议您说 ：很抱歉出现这种语法失误，我们已根据您的建议更正了文本。如果可以提供语言编辑证书，更可以打消编辑对语言方面的疑虑，关注在研究发现的本身 （We apologize for this error, and we have corrected the text as suggested.） • 您想要说 ：我的英文写作能力比审稿人的好竟然挑剔我的语法？ • 建议您说 ：我们的文稿已被英文母语的人完成了对语言的修改润色，提高可读性。 同样的，如果可以提供语言编辑证书，更可以打消编辑对语言方面的疑虑，关注在研究发现的本身。 （Our manuscript has been reviewed by a native English speaker and revised to improve readability） Ben Mudrak, PhD Global Communications Manager PhD, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Duke University 以上内容是节选自AJE公司供职的Ben Mudrak 博士的 博客文章“Responding to Reviewers: You Can't Always Say What You'd Like” Ben Mudrak 博士 毕业于杜克大学的生物学博士，研究领域Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
根据不同的机构要求，您可以通过出版一系列论文或者撰写一部厚书式的论文来完成博士学位。本文针对那些花费几个月时间完成一篇数百页论文的人。我们可能会为论文最终出世感到骄傲，但我们随后会意识到：大多数研究者更愿意阅读这项研究中特定的那部分：可能是一份10页长的论文，而不是费力翻看400页的成果。只有与您相同的博士生，才愿意读完并花费整周时间理解它……因此，对于大多数厚书式论文作者来说，就需要在论文发表后，重新审视所有的材料，将一篇学位论文变为多篇期刊论文。如果您足够幸运找到一个研究型的博士后职位，您就拥有（或者至少，您认为您有）充足时间撰写论文。如果您涉足其他行业，那么您就只能在晚上或者周末才能进行论文写作了。不考虑时间限制，将您的学位论文转化为期刊文章仍是非常有价值的事情。在论文答辩结束后的两年，我就要完成论文改写了（一些论文发表了，有一些在评审，还有的正在写作）。下面是我这段经历的一些总结。 1 、做好计划 在毕业后，生活日常将接管一切。您可能会更换工作，搬到其他地方、城市甚至国家，您可能开始把这些论文抛诸脑后。趁您的论文还未尘封，花些时间想想下面的问题： ——哪一章/节可以作为一篇不错的期刊论文？ ——我该向哪一本杂志投稿？ ——我应该花费多少时间写这篇论文？ 之后您便可以开始一篇一篇地规划。我一直在用谷歌电子表格罗列论文概述、想投稿的期刊还有自己规定的最后期限。我的目标是每年完成六篇初稿，但是有几个月时间我完全都是在处理审稿人意见，提供新项目的研究报告或者从事教学工作。我通常给我的合作作者（最多）一个月时间反馈他们的意见。不过这些反馈经常很有限，我需要花费一个上午作出修改之后再提交。 只要前一篇草稿完成，我就会开始着手下一篇（或回复审稿人的意见、反复修改手稿），因此，我的写作、修改、发送给共同作者和提交过程环环相扣、紧密相连。 2 、招募优秀合作作者 既然您与论文委员会成员合作得十分愉快，也落实他们对您学位论文终稿的修改建议。您研究中是否有某个部分尤其收益于他们？如果您打算撰写一个此主题的论文，考虑一下邀请该委员会成员作为合作作者。 与其他作者合著比和导师完成对你的写作更有益，这一方式通常在大多数领域广受欢迎。与不同的作者一起发表文章表明，你具备同研究团体和大学人员一起研究的能力，并准备把触角伸到世界性的工作。 3 、记住不是所有论文生而相同 您学位论文中可能只有不多的部分可以直接扩展成新论文。而当您强行试着将研究的一部分改写成另外的独立论文时，您可能会焦虑和叹息。不要为自己或论文成品感到崩溃——试着接受事实。如果您经受了太多挫折，您可以去健身房，吃点巧克力，或者做些能缓解压力的事情。 原文作者： Eva Lantsoght， Assistant Professor, Universidad San Francisco de Quito 点击阅读英文原文 其他相关文章： 如何找到适合你的学术导师? 如何构建科技论文初步框架
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吴信东博士（美国佛蒙特大学计算机科学系正教授和系主任， TKDE 等多种国际著名学术杂志的主编和编委） 最重要的九点： 1 、 技术贡献、证据 2 、切忌打击面太广、针对的问题多， 切入点不能超过 2 个 3 、知道你的敌人是谁 4 、选题 5 、实验结果、说服力 6 、 好的前言 7 、 相关工作、引用（该期刊） 8 、 修改文章（详细说明各点） 9 、宽容态度、坚韧不拔 九条信息最重要 1 、 注意你的贡献，说明你的证据 2 、 idea 有两种： ----Your technique solves a problem for the first time 第一次，在某一点上第一次，革命性的，创造性的 ---- 如果不是第一次， Your technique performs better,in one or more of the the following dimensions: 1) Behaviour 效果比他好 2) Coverage 覆盖面广 3) Efficiency 速度快、占用空间少 4 ） Useability:Users find X easier to use than its rivals 使用方便 You should avoid claiming too many dimensions but one or two with in-depth evidence. 技术贡献不能多，要针对性，更深入。做得更加深入，切忌打击面广，别人反驳更多。 论文的架构（ typical structure of a research paper ）： title:Catchy and indicative of your research contribution Catchy 引入注目 indicative 特殊性 题目越长，被拒的可能性越高：例如：爱因斯坦提出“相对论”，就三个字， 接下来就是“相对论的能量公式”字多了 indicative---- 说文章的大意，不要太抽象。例如：计算理论 --- 太抽象了 abstract:A summary of the research problem,your chaim,and the evidence 以上三部分 introduce: 将 abstract 中的 A summary 的两三句话展开 1 ） motivation 动机 2) significance 意义 3 ） an outline of the rest of the paper Related work: 1) A critical review 评判几大典型算法，各存在什么问题 2 ）我们的方法对于第一类问题怎么解决，对于第二类问题怎么解决 （批判别人，显出自己） 主编看摘要、前言就基本判决 Problem statement and algorithm design:Explain your ideas in detail Evaluation:evidence to support the claim of your research contribution---unless you can provide proofs for a theoretical on theorems,experimental results and always expected Conclusion: 画龙点睛、说你发出文章之后，此刻正在做的，接下来要做的，实验中还有哪些值得接着做的。 How to write and publish Research papers for the premier forums 国外期刊没有长度限制，这是和国内的期刊，例如“计算机学报”有区别 what to know and how to write a top-quality paper 前言最重要，能给审稿人留下印象，就是成功的一半了 1 、 A promising topic ( 一个有前途的主题 ) 2 、 A convincing case （让人信服的例证） 3 、 In-depth analysis of empirical results( 经验结果的深度分析（例如，经验值、参数的设定） ) 4 、 the most important part:the introduction( 最重要的部分，前言 ) Scientific Paper 的撰写（这类论文需要有自己的想法，不是综述文章，如 review ） Why write a scientific paper 1 、 Advance knowledge in your research field with evidence 有证据表明，在你研究的领域有了提高 / 前进 2 、 Explain your ideas and make them accessible to others 介绍你的主意，使他人理解 3 、 Two key components in a research paper --An explicit claim on your contribution on a research problem 针对某个研究问题，直接陈述你的贡献 ( 自己做的工作要写出来 ) --Your contribution can possibly be a refutation of a hypothesis on the research problem 针对某个研究问题，你的贡献有可能被通过假设来驳斥。例如：你这么做，会不会造成数据丢失（在数据挖掘领域） 光有想法不行，要证明你的想法正确 What to know before you write 1. 考虑读者是谁：根据所投的期刊 To whom are you writing?why will they be reading your writing? 2.Assess the purpose:What should the reader take away? 让读者带走什么 3.Read other people's writing from the forums that you are targeting 从要投的那个期刊上去找相关文章参考 4.Know your enemy:Check who are on the program committee or editorial board,and cite their relevant work with due credit 找编委的文章来参考，毕竟他们在这领域很牛 5.Follow the rules----length limits,formatting standards,etc 投会议，长度多长，可能自动放入一堆，直到截至时，才告诉你论文过长 choose a promising topic 与外国教授（有名的）交流，看他们的论文，问他们在这方面有什么新的进展，是否有往下做的可能 10 challenging problems -----How to present a convincing case? -----How are your ideas significant (to justify a paper)? -----Some ideas are so simple that have been used many times W/O being published. ----- Is all related work referenced and reviewed? 要与主流的方法进行比较 -----Are the comparative studies with previous work convincing? ----Have your system been implemented and used,and if so what did it demonstrate from the real world. -----Enough details for your experiment setting.(so that other researchers can verify and improve your results) -----What were the alternatives considered at various points of your experiments?Why and how have you made the choices for your experiments? ( 让别人知道你各种实验参数设置都考虑到了 ) consistent and conclusive 一致性和总结性 -----Can you fine-tune some key parameters to get better or worse results?If so,use figures and tables to show their impacts on your system performances 公平比较，要别人最佳的情况进行比较 ------How do the experimental results correspond to the motivation of the paper? ------What have you found surprising and tried to avoid in these experiments?How generally applicable are these lessons? 如果论文是 8 页纸，那么 4 页是做实验的。 ------The 1/3-2/3 Rule from a reviewer's perspective. 如果论文是 8 页纸，那么前言占 1 页 1 ） 1/3 time to read your introduction and make a decision 2)Remaining 2/3 time to find evidence for the decision -----A good introduction with a good motivation is half of your success. what to cover in the introduction ----The research problem ----The movivation of your research on the research problem ----The claim of your contribution -----A summary of your evidence to support your claim -----The significance of your contribution -----An outline of the rest of the paper Most important of all:the uniqueness of you research in the field! 最佳投稿方式： 首先投顶级的会议，若被录用，则对论文进行扩展，在题名上加“ * ”，说明：论文缩写版已经被某国际会议录用，投国际期刊
Wen Chen, Fuzhang Wang . A method of fundamental solutions without fictitious boundary. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 34(5):530-532, 2010 ( SCI Impact Factor : 1.531) Wen Chen, Ji Lin, Fuzhang Wang . Regularized meshless method for nonhomogeneous problems . Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 35(2):253-257, 2011 ( SCI Impact Factor: 1.531) Ji Lin, Wen Chen, Fuzhang Wang . A new investigation into regularization techniques for the method of fundamental solutions. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (Published Online 2010) DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2010.10.030 ( SCI Impact Factor : 0.946) If you are interested in these papers and cannot access to them from the web, pleasecontact me by email wfz1984@gmail.com 江苏省 2009 年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划，声波问题的快速无网格法研究， 项目负责人 ， 2009.09-2010.09 （已完成）
标签: 期刊论文
