Knowledge management approaches in managing agricultural indigenous and exogenous knowledge in Tanzania Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this study is to assess the application of knowledge management (KM) models in managing and integrating indigenous and exogenous knowledge for improved farming activities in Tanzania, by examining the management of indigenous knowledge (IK), access and use of exogenous knowledge, the relevance of policies, legal framework, information and communication technologies (ICTs), and culture in KM practices in the communities. 本文研究目的是为了通过对研究本土知识的管理，外来知识的获取和利用，来评估知识管理模型在管理和整合本士土和外来知识在坦桑尼亚农业活动当中的应用。 Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data from 181 farmers in six districts of Tanzania. Four IK policy makers were also interviewed. 采用半结构化访谈方式从坦桑尼亚六个区的181个农民和4个知识管理政策管理者获得定性和定量数据。 Findings – The study demonstrated that western-based KM models should be applied cautiously in a developing world context. Both indigenous and exogenous knowledge was acquired and shared in different contexts. IK was shared within a local, small and spontaneous network, while exogenous knowledge was shared in a wide context, where formal sources of knowledge focused on disseminating exogenous knowledge more than IK. Policies, legal framework, ICTs and culture determined access to knowledge in the communities. The study thus developed a KM model that would be applicable in the social context of developing countries. 这项研究发现西方知识管理模型在发展中国家要谨慎应用。本土知识和外来知识的获取和分享有着不同的环境。本土知识通常在一个地域性、较小的、自发的网络中分享；而外来知识是一个非常广泛的环境中分享。正规的知识源多关注于传播外来知识。政策、法律、信息技术和文化决定着知识在社会中的获取。本研究提出了一个在发展中国家的社会现状下可以应用的知识管理模型。 Research limitations/implications – The study necessitates testing the developed model against existing KM models, in a specific context such as local communities of the developing world, to determine whether it is better at explaining the link between KM principles and KM processes. 本研究需要测试在发展中国家的特定环境下本模型与现有知识管理模型的区别，决定它是否可以更好地解释知识管理原理与知识管理处理过程之间的联系。 Originality/value – The proposed KM model provides a deep understanding of the management and integration of agricultural indigenous and exogenous knowledge in the rural areas of developing countries. Previous KM models were developed in the context of an organizational environment, and thus failed to address the needs of rural communities. The proposed model thus advances the theory of KM in developing countries, and provides linkages between KM processes and KM principles. 知识管理模型可以帮助我们更好地理解农业领域的本土知识和外来知识在发展中国家如何更好地管理和整合。以前的知识管理模型在一个组织环境中被发展，然而却不能很好地满足农户的需求。本文提出的模型在于将知识管理的理论更好地应用在发展中国家，而且建立了知识管理过程与知识管理原理之间的联系。 (以上翻译是否准确,请大家指正!) 原文：Edda Tandi Lwoga. Knowledge management approaches in managing agricultural indigenous and exogenous knowledge in Tanzania. Journal of Documentation,Vol. 67 No. 3, 2011,pp. 407-430 Edda Tandi Lwoga:Sokoine National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture,Morogoro, Tanzania
Knowledge Management http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newISS_87.htm#np Most of us need knowledge in some form to do our jobs well. Perhaps you need to understand how your customer database is designed, so that you can extract a particular report. Maybe you need to know the best way to get senior managers to approve a business case. Or perhaps, even, you need to know how your boss prefers to receive bad news, so that you can deliver this as painlessly as possible. All of these things require specific knowledge. No matter what your job is, you need this knowledge if you're going to do a good job. This seems obvious, right? But how does your organization HANDLE all of this knowledge? When you have a question, is it easy for you to find an answer, or do you have to search for hours or days to find what you need to know? This is why knowledge management is so important. Knowledge management is the practice of organizing, storing, and sharing vital information, so that everyone can benefit from its use. In this article, we'll look at exactly what knowledge management is, and how you can start organizing knowledge within your own organization, thereby saving money and increase productivity. What Is Knowledge? Words like "data," "information," and "knowledge" are often used interchangeably. But there are some important differences: Data is a specific fact or figure, without any context. For example, the number 1,000 is a piece of data, as is the name Tom Smith. Without anything else to define them, these two items of data are meaningless. Information is data that's organized. So, pieces of information are "Tom Smith is a CEO" and "1,000 widgets." We have more details, so now the data makes more sense to us. Knowledge , then, builds on the information to give us context. Knowledge is "Tom Smith is the CEO of our company's biggest competitor, and his company ships 1,000 widgets every hour." The key difference between knowledge and information is that knowledge gives us the power to take action. We can USE it. There are also two different types of knowledge, explicit and tacit: Explicit knowledge includes things that you can easily pass on to someone else by teaching it or putting it into a database or a book. Explaining your company's safety protocols to a new team member is demonstrating explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is less quantifiable. It's when you know that your company's best client won't make a deal unless you go golfing with her - or when you know that your department's most reliable supplier is the smallest one, but only if you place your order by the 15th of every month. This is knowledge that's most often learned by experience. It's the stuff you know, but don't necessarily know that you know. Benefits of Knowledge Management The major benefit of knowledge management is that information is easily shared between staff members, and that knowledge isn't lost if someone goes on vacation, gets sick, or leaves the company. This can result in substantial savings to an organization's bottom line. People are easily brought up to speed, and valuable knowledge assets are never lost (which means that you don't lose time and money when people have to learn new information quickly). Because ideas can be shared easily, knowledge management may also increase innovation and help create better customer relationships. And if the company has a global team, knowledge management can create a more powerful workforce when all of those different cultures are brought together to share assets. Knowledge management gives staff members the knowledge they need to do their jobs better. This makes them more productive. Implementing Knowledge Management There are two different ways of managing knowledge: using technology-based systems, or using softer systems. Technology-based systems - These can include a collaborative wiki, where everyone can add and edit information. Or, it can include programs or databases on the company's intranet, with information organized so that everyone can access them. Any technology-based system will have challenges. For instance, who will manage the project? Who will keep the information up to date? How will people access the information? There's no "one size fits all" approach here. Every company and culture is different. Softer systems - These are things like specific actions or meetings that take place to share knowledge and help people connect with one another. Consider the following methods as part of your soft knowledge management systems: Shadowing. Mentoring. Instant messaging and intranet forums. Specific actions, like After Action Reviews after significant events, and Post-Implementation Reviews after a project has been completed. Voluntary groups, also called communities of practice, that help team members doing the same thing in different areas to meet informally and share information. Keep in mind that technology-based knowledge management systems are great at capturing explicit knowledge, but not so great at capturing tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is more often captured by softer systems, like the ones listed above. This is why knowledge management approaches should try to use both approaches. Tips for Implementing Knowledge Management Systems Identify tacit knowledge first - Many organizations find that identifying their team's tacit knowledge is the biggest hurdle. If you implement a knowledge management system in your department or company, start with a brainstorming session with your team to get their ideas flowing on how to capture this. Start with a small team - It's very easy to get overwhelmed with the amount of knowledge that could be shared. Start with a small group, in one department, and grow from there. This will help you figure out what information you'd like to keep, and how you'd like to organize it. Help staff feel comfortable about sharing knowledge - It might be hard to "sell" knowledge management to your team. After all, you're asking them to share their hard-won knowledge and experience, the very things that make them valuable to the company. (This can be a powerful incentive for people not to share their knowledge!) Make knowledge sharing part of the company culture, and something that EVERYONE does. This will help make team members feel more comfortable about getting involved. And, consider bringing knowledge sharing into your formal approach to performance management, so that people are rewarded for sharing information freely. Make it as easy as possible for your team to share information - Everyone is busy. If being part of a knowledge management program is difficult or time-consuming, people may not want to be involved. The easier it is for people to participate, the more likely you are to succeed. Plan for retiring team members - Retirement is a major reason why so many organizations are trying to quickly implement knowledge management systems right now. If you're facing a baby-boomer generation that's about to walk out of the door, it makes sense to start collecting their experience first. Find out more on knowledge management with our Book Insight The Complete Idiot's Guide to Knowledge Management . Key Points Knowledge management is becoming increasingly important to organizations. Having an effective knowledge management system not only protects revenues, it may also improve retention, increase productivity, and promote innovation. Knowledge management systems should try to implement a two-part approach: using a database or wiki to collect explicit knowledge, and connecting colleagues to one-another to share tacit knowledge.
The illustrated guide to a Ph.D. 作者：美国犹他大学助理教授Matt Might 转载自： http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-pictures Every fall, I explain to a fresh batch of Ph.D. students what a Ph.D. is. It's hard to describe it in words. So, I use pictures. Read below for the illustrated guide to a Ph.D. Imagine a circle that contains all of human knowledge: By the time you finish elementary school, you know a little: By the time you finish high school, you know a bit more: With a bachelor's degree, you gain a specialty: A master's degree deepens that specialty: Reading research papers takes you to the edge of human knowledge: Once you're at the boundary, you focus: You push at the boundary for a few years: Until one day, the boundary gives way: And, that dent you've made is called a Ph.D.: Of course, the world looks different to you now: So, don't forget the bigger picture: Keep pushing.
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R. – The national impact of the Dewey-less library (Lang.: eng). – In: Public libraries, 49(2010)4, pp. 14-17. 2035 541;214 Gupta, Amarnath, Condit, Christopher, Qian, Xufei. – BioDB: an ontology-enhanced information system for heterogeneous biological information (Lang.: eng). – In: Data knowledge engineering, 69(2010)11, pp. 1084-1102. 2036 582 Wang, Zhonghong, Chaudhry, Abdus Sattar, Khoo, Christopher. – Support from bibliographic tools to build an organizational taxonomy for navigation: use of a general scheme and domain thesauri (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 256-269. 2037 666 Alvite Diez, Maria Luisa et al. – Propuesta de representación del tesauro Eurovoc en SKOS para su integración en sistemas de información juridical (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp.47-51. 2038 682 Barros, Theago, De Moraes, Joo Batista Ernesto. – La clasificación archivistica: aspectos teóreticos e su constitución (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 31-37. Title in Portuguese “A classificao arquivistica; aspectos teóricos de sua constituio”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2039 682 Lih-Yau Song, Ko-Chiu Wu. – The subject classification of the national archives in the urban development (1949-2000): a macro-appraisal analysis (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of educational media library sciences, 47(2010)4, pp. 459-497. 2040 694 Harpring, Patricia. – Development of the Getty Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, and CONA (Lang.: eng). – In: Art documentation: bulletin of the Art Libraries Society of North America, 29(2010)1, pp. 67-72. 2041 711;878;88-69 Vlachidis, Andreas et al. – Excavating grey literature: a case study on the rich indexing of archaeological documents via natural language-processing techniques and knowledge-based resources (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)4/5, pp. 466-475. 2042 714 De Almeida, Carlos Cndido. – Pragmatisdmo y semiótica de Peirce en la organización de la información (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 15-20. Portuguese title: “Pragmatismo e semiotótica de Peirce na organizao de informao. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2043 715 Kettunen, K., McNamee, P., Baskaya, F . – Using syllables as indexing terms in full-text information retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 219(2010), pp.225-232. 2044 722 Hu, Y., Li, W. – Document sentiment classification by exploring description model of topical terms (Lang.: eng). – In: Computer speech and language, 25(2011)2, pp. 386-403. 2045 731 Fagni, Tiziano, Sebastiani, Fabrizio. – Selecting negative examples for hierarchical text classification: an experimental comparison (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 61(2010)11, pp. 2256-2265. 2046 731 Si, Libo Eric, O'Brien, Ann, Probets, Steve. – Integration of distributed terminology resources to facilitate subject cross-browsing for library portal systems (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)4/5, pp. 415-427. 2047 732 Binding, Ceri, Tudhope, Douglas. – Terminology web services (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 287-298. 2048 733 Leydesdorff, Loet. – Eugene Garfield and algorithmic historiography: co-words, co-authors, and journal names (Lang.: eng). – In: Annals of library information studies, 57(2010)3, pp. 248-260. 2049 733 Su, Hsin-Ning, Lee, Pei-Chun. – Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence: a first look at journal papers in Technology Foresight (Lang.: eng). – In: Scientometrics, 85(2010)1, pp. 65-79. 2050 736 Crasso, M., Zunino, A., Campo, M. – Combining document classification and ontology alignment for semantically enriching web services (Lang.: eng). – In: New generation computing (Tokyo), 28(2010)4, pp. 371-403. 2051 746 Li, S. T., Tsai, F. C. – Constructing tree-based knowledge structures from text corpus (Lang.: eng). – In: Applied intelligence, 33(2010)1, pp. 67-78. 2052 751 Fenton, Candida. – Use of controlled vocabulary and thesauri in UK online finding aids (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the Society of Archivists, 31(2010)2, pp. 187-205. 2053 751 Larson, Ray R. – (Book review of) Gker, Ayşe, Davies,John, eds. Information Retrieval: searching in the 21st Century. Chichester, Wiley, 2009. xxiii, 295pp. ISBN 9780470027622 Warner, Julian. Human information retrieval. Boston, MA, MIT, 2009. 200pp. (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 61(2010)11, pp. 2370-2372. Warner, Julian. Human information retrieval. ISBN 978-0-262-01344-4 2054 751 Proyecto 7: un motor de recuperación de información web colaborativo (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 53-59. 2055 751 Pastor Sánchez, Juan Antonio. – Bases para un diseo web integral a través de la convergencia de la accesibilidad, usabilidad y arquitectura de la información (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 61-72. 2056 751;723 Strasunskas, Darijus, Tomassen, Stein. – On variety of semantic search systems and their evaluation methods (Lang.: eng). – In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management Evaluation, (2010), pp. 380-387. 2057 752.2 Biranvand, Ali, Sharifmoghadam, Hadi. – (Lang.: per). – In: Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and information studies, 20(2010)3, pp. 23-36. 2058 752.2 Brown-Sica, M. et al. – Next-generation library catalogs and the problem of slow response time (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology and libraries, 29(2010)4, pp. 214-223. 2059 752.2 Yang, S. Q., et al. – The next generation library catalog: a comparative study of the OPACs of Koha, Evergreen, and Voyager (Lang.: eng). – In: Information technology and libraries, 29(2010)3, pp. 141-150. 2060 752.2;666 Briscoe, G. – The quality of academic law library online catalogs and its effect on information retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Law library journal, 102(2010)4, pp. 599-612. 2061 755 Dunsire, Gordon, Nicholson, Dennis. – Signposting the crossroads: terminology web servces and classification-based interoperability (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, 280-286. 2062 755;325 Fripp, Dominic. – Using linked data to classify web documents (Lang.: eng). – In: Aslib proceedings, 63(2010)6, pp. 585-595. 2063 757 Belacel, Nabil, Carretero, Juan A., Mahanti, Prabhat. – AI and opinion mining, Part 2 (Lang.: eng). – In: IEEE intelligent systems, 25(2010)4, pp. 72-79. – Available at http://csdl2.computer.org/persagen/DLPublication.jsp?pubtype=macronym=ex 2064 757 Hsieh-Yee, Ingrid. – Google Scholar and its competitors: accessing scholarly resources on the web (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843344476. 2065 757 Knitel, Markus, Labner, Josef, Oberhauser, Otto. – Sachliche Erschliessung und die neue Suchmaschine des sterreichischen Bibliothekenverbundes (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 275-285. – Available at http://eprints.rclis.org/19143/ 2066 757 Kovacevic, Ana, Devedzic, Vladan, Pocajt, Viktor. – Using data mining to improve digital library services (Lang.: eng). – In: Electronic library, 28(2010)6, pp. 829-843. 2067 757 Maruyama, Shirou, Sakamoto, Hiroshi. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Joho Kanri, 53(2010)5, pp. 233-240 . 2068 757 Segev, Elad. – Google and the digital divide: the biases of online knowledge (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 256. – ISBN: 9781843345657. 2069 757 Thabtah, Fadi, et al. – A new classification based on association algorithm (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information knowledge management, 9(2010)1, pp. 55-64. 2070 757 Werner, Katrin. – Grssere Zufriedenheit durch bessere Suchmaschinen? Das Confirmation/Disconfirmation-Paradigma der Kundenzufriedenheit im Kontext des Information Retrieval (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp.385-396. 2071 757;214 Ulicny, B., Kokar, M.M., Matheus, C.J. – Uses of ontologies in open source blog mining (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 213(2010), pp. 37-56. 2072 757;773.4 Zhang, W., Yoshida, T., Tang, X. – A comparative study of TF*IDF, LSI and multi-words for text classification (Lang.: eng). – In: Expert systems with applications, 38(2011)3, pp. 2758-2765. 2073 759 García Gómez, Juan Carlos. – Barreras en el acceso al contenido de las webs de universidades espaolas (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 17-29. 2074 759 López del Ramo, Joaquín. – Caracteristicas estructurales de la web y su coincidencia en la usabilidad: análisis del caso en los portales municipals de la Comunidad de Madrid (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 43-50. 2075 759 Oliva, Marta, Masip, Llúcia, Granollers, Toni. – Evaluación de usabilidad y accesibilidad de un conjunto de dispositivos interactivos denominados Puntos de Información Ciudadana (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 51-59. 2076 78-92 Antonio, Deise Maria, De Moraes, JooBatista Ernesto. – Análisis documental de obras de ficción: aspectos metodológicos y de aplicabilidad (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento 16(2010)2, pp. 71-78. Portuguese title: “Análise documental de obras de fico: aspectos metodológicos de aplicabilidade”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2077 791 Gruzitis, N., Nespore, G., Saulite, B. – Verbalizing ontologies in controlled Baltic languages (Lang.: eng). – In: Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, 219(2010), pp. 187-194. 2078 797;88-92 Tonkin, Humphrey. – Navigating and expanding the MLA International Bibliography (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of scholarly publishing, 41(2010)3, pp. 340-353. 2079 811 Boccato, Vera Regina Casari, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes,Rubi, Milena Polsinelli. – Estudio observacional del contexto sociocognitivo de la catalogación de materias en bibliotecas universitarias (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp.103-110. Portuguese title: “Um estudo de obsercao do contexto dee assunto em bibliotecas universitárias”, Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2080 811 Dos Reis, Daniela Marjorie, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes. – La observación de la estrutura textual de los libros para la catalogación de materias en la bibliotecas universitarias de la UNESP (Lang.: eng). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 85-91. Portuguese title: “A observao da estrutura textual de livros e sua contribuio para a catalogao de assuntos em bibliotecas universitárias da UNESP.” Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2081 811 Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Dal’Evedove, Paula Regina. – La práctica de la catalogación temática en perspective sociocognitiva (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 93-101. Portuguese title: “A prática da catalogao de assunta em perspectiva sociocognitiva”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2082 82-66 Duffield, Claire, Fallon, Sarah, Stopford, Jean. – LIM meets LJI: an article on an abstract (Lang.: eng). – In: Legal information management, 10(2010)3, pp. 187-190. 2083 835 Abel, Fabian et al. – Leveraging search and content exploration by exploiting context in folksonomy systems (Lang.: eng). – In: New review of hypermedia multimedia, 16(2010)1/2, pp. 33-70. 2084 835 Anfinnsen, Svein, Ghinea, Gheorghita, de Cesare, Sergio. – Web 2.0 and folksonomies in a library context (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal of information management, 31(2011)1, pp. 63-70. 2085 835 Hargood, Charlie, Millard, David E., Weal, Mark J. – Capturing the semiotic relationship between terms (Lang.: eng). – In: New review of hypermedia multimedia, 16(2010)1/2, pp. 71-84. 2086 835 Heuwing, Ben. – Social Tagging in Bibliotheken: Erfahrungen an der Universittsbibliothek Hildesheim (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)6/7, pp. 407-411. 2087 835 Jensen, Jill Bauhs. – Folksonomies for digital resources (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010)3, pp. 23-38. 2088 835 Kipp, Margaret E.I., Campbell, D. Grant. – Searching with tags: do tags help users find things? (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)4, pp. 239-255. 2089 835 Knautz, Kathrin. – Tag-Cluster: Semantische Suche in Tag-Clouds (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 237-252. 2090 835 Makani, Joyline, Spiteri, Louise. – The dynamics of collaborative tagging: an analysis of tag vocabulary application in knowledge representation, discovery and retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information knowledge management, 9(2010)2, pp. 93-103. 2091 835 Mardani, Amir Hossein . – (Lang.: per). – In: Faslname-Ye Ketab/Library and information studies, 20(2010)3, pp. 239-260. 2092 835 (Book review of) Peters, Isabella. Folksonomies: indexing and retrieval in Web 2.0. Berlin, De Gruyter, 2009. vi, 443 pp. ISBN 9783598251795; 3598251793 (Lang.: ger). – In: Information: Wissenschaft Praxis, 61(2010)8, pp. 469-470. 2093 835 Schilling, Virginia. – The catalogers' revenge: unleashing the semantic web (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010)3, pp. 9-23. 2094 835;918 Catarino, M.E., Baptista, A.A. – Relating folksonomies with Dublin Core (Lang.: eng). – In: International journal of metadata semantics and ontologies, 5(2010)4, pp. 285-295. 2095 842 Muto, Akira, Murano, Yuko, Suzuki, Chika. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Joho Kanri, 53(2010)5, pp. 241-255. 2096 845 Cramer, Elizabeth, Orkiszewski, Paul. – Cataloging serials for special collections: the challenges and delights of the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection (Lang.: eng). – In: Serials librarian, 59(2010)1, pp. 101-110. 2097 845;946 Curran, Mary. – Print serials workflow in RDA: a draft workflow for RDA toolkit based on JSC's sample workflow for a simple book (Lang.: eng). – In: Serials librarian, 59(2010)3/4, pp. 244-262. 2098 847;111 Rios, Elaine Rosa, de Novais Cordeiro, Rosa Inês. – Plano de classificao de documentos arquivísticos e a teoria da classificao: uma interlocuo entre domínios do conhecimento (Lang.: por). – In: Perspectivas em ciencia da informacao, 15(2010)2, pp. 123-139. 2099 851 Lennie, Frances S. – The visual appeal of indexes: an exploration (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)2, pp. 60-67. 2100 855;879 Hogan, Brian F. – Digital journal indexing: electrified or electrocuted? Problems, practicalities and possibilities: the case of the CCHA and/et la SCHC (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)4, pp. 154-162. 2101 858*99 MacCulloch, Diarmaid. – Christian history: 3,000 years and an author's indexing thereof (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)3, pp. 108-109. 2102 863 Koltay, Tibor. – Abstracts and abstracting: a genre and set of skills for the twenty-first century (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 236. – ISBN 9781843345176. 2103 864 De Oliveira, Ely Francina Tannuri, Grácio, Cláudia Cabrini, Silva, Ana Cláudia C. – Investigadores de mayor visibilidad en organización y representación del conocimiento: un studio desde el análisis de cocitaciones (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 39-45. Portuguese title: “Pesquisadores de maior visibilidade em organizao e representao do conhecimento: um estudo a partir da análise de cocitaes”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2104 864;245 Couto, T. et al. – Classifying documents with link-based bibliometric measures (Lang.: eng). – In: Information retrieval, 13(2010)4, pp. 315-345. 2105 864;88-1/54 Mahdi, A.E., Joorabchi, A. – A citation-based approach to automatic topical indexing of scientific literature (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of information science, 36(2010)6, pp. 798-811. 2106 871 Guldogan, E., Gabbouj, M. – System profiles in content-based image indexing and retrieval (Lang.: eng). – In: Signal image and video processing, 4(2010)4, pp. 463-480. 2107 871 Hafner, Ralph. – Eine Systematik für die Medienwissenschaft (Lang.: eng). – In: Bibliotheksdienst, 44(2010)12, pp. 1136-1144. 2108 871 Janakiraman, C. – Library cataloguing and multimedia library (Lang.: eng). – Delhi, Pacific Books International, 2011. – pp. 272. – ISBN: 9789380472232. 2109 871 JungWon Yoon, O'Connor, Brian. – Engineering an image-browsing environment: re-purposing existing denotative descriptors (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of documentation, 66(2010)5, pp. 750-774. 2110 871 López Yepes, Alfonso, Cámara Bados, Victor. – Canales web y mediatecas en linea como instrumentos de producción, recuperación y diffusión en ciencias de la información (Lang.: spa). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 169-179. 2111 871 Neugebauer, Tomasz. – Image indexing (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)3, pp. 98-103. 2112 871;918 Kim, Sujin, Lamkin, Shannon, Duncan, Pam. – Caption-based topical descriptors for microscopic images as published in academic papers (Lang.: eng). – In: Health information libraries journal, 27(2010)3, pp. 235-243. 2113 872 Philipp-Foliguet, S. et al. – Artwork 3D model database indexing and classification (Lang.: eng). – In: Pattern recognition, 44(2011)3, pp. 588-597. 2114 872 Pupim, Eliana Kátia, Madio, Telma Campanha de Carvalho. – Arquivos de fotógrafos profissionais de eventos socais: um estudo de caso (Lang.: eng). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 197-208. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2115 872 Silva, Irisneide de Oliveira Souza, Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Dal Evedove, Paula Regina. – El tratamiento del contenido informativo de la fotografía en la archivistica: algunas reflexiones (Lang.: por). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)2, pp. 79-84. Portuguese title: “O tratamento de conteúdo informacional da fotografia na arqivística: algumas reflexes”. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2116 877 Kelly, Elizabeth. – Music indexing and retrieval: current problems (Lang.: eng). – In: The indexer, 28(2010)4, pp. 163-166. 2117 878 Varniené-Janssen, Regina. – Methodological and organisational aspects of digitisation and bibliographic accesss of the cultural heritage: a Lithuanian approach (Lang.: eng). – In: International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 39(2010)4, pp. 67-74. 2118 913;879 Selden, Karen. – Linking globally, coping locally: cataloging Internet resources at the University of Colorado Law Library (Lang.: eng). – In: Law library journal, 102(2010)4, pp. 439-455. 2119 915 Deng, Sai. – Optimizing workflow through metadata repurposing and batch processing (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of library metadata, 10(2010)4, pp. 219-237. 2120 916 Zhu, Lihong. – The role of the Cataloging Department in the implementation of OCLC WorldCat Local (Lang.: eng). – In: Library collections, acquisitions, technical services, 34(2010)4, pp. 123-129. 2121 916;879 Martin, Kristin E., Mundle, Kavita. – Notes on operations: cataloging e-books and vendor records: a case study at the University of Illinois at Chicago (Lang.: eng). – In: Library resources technical services, 54(2010)4, pp. 227-237. 2122 918 Adamich, Tom. – Making and managing metadata (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)5, pp. 11-13. 2123 918 Guerra, F. – Simplifying access: metadata for medieval disability studies (Lang.: eng). – In: PNLA quarterly, 74(2010) 2, pp. 10-26. 2124 918 Intner, Sheila S. – What metadata can teach us about cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)5, pp. 1-11. 2125 918 Leal, José Paulo, Queirós, Ricardo. – Design of an extensible metadata editor based on RDF (Lang.: eng). – In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Knowledge Management, (2010), pp. 1219-1222. 2126 918 Park, Jung-ran. – Metadata application in digital repositories and libraries: tools, systems and architecture (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2011. – pp. 200. – ISBN: 9781843345794. 2127 918 Park, Jung-Ran et al . – From metadata creation to metadata quality control: continuing education needs among cataloging and metadata professionals (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of education for library information science, 51(2010)3, pp.158-176. 2128 924 Bade, David. – Carlo Revelli on the (non)autonomy of cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 48(2010)8, pp. 743-756. 2129 924 Broughton, Vanda. – Brian Vickery, September 11, 1918-October 17, 2009 (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 49(2011)1, pp. 42-46. 2130 924 McIlwaine. I.C. – Brian Vickery, 11th September 1918-17th October 2009 (Lang.: eng). – In: Knowledge organization, 37(2010)3, pp. 155-156. 2131 935 Ahmad, Hafiz Khubaib. – The Pakistan National Bibliography: a source of bibliographical control in Pakistan (Lang.: eng). – In: International cataloguing and bibliographic control, 39(2010)4, pp. 75-76. 2133 937*076 Oliveira, Ely Francina Tannuri, Grácio, Maria Cláudia Cabrini, Segundo, José Eduardo Santarém. – Redes brasileiras de colaborao cientifica em Organizao e Representao de Conhecimento: análise de coautorias dos Encontros Nacionais de Pesquisa em Ciência da Informao (ENANCIBs) (Lang.: por). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 163-168. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2132 937;331 Fujita, Maringela Spotti Lopes, Gil Leiva, Isidoro. – Políticas de indexao na América Latina (Lang.: por). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 155-162. Lead title in Spanish, but text in Portuguese. 2134 942 CannCasciato, Daniel . – An essay on cataloging (Lang.: eng). – In: Library philosophy practice, 12(2010)2, pp. 1-9. 2135 942 Marcus, Sara Rofofsky. – (Book review of) Fletcher, Jane. Collection-level cataloging: bound-with books. Westport, CN, Libraries Unlimited, 2010. (Third Millennium Cataloging). 95pp. ISBN. 1-59158-543-0 (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 49(2011)1, pp. 52-53. 2136 944 Ehlert, Mark K. – RDA: building blocks (Lang.: eng). – In: Technicalities, 30(2010)4, pp. 19-22. 2137 944 Taylor, Wendy, Teague, Kathy. – FRBR in practice (Lang.: eng). – In: Ariadne, (Online) 64(2010). – Available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk 2139 944;946 Matsui, Junko. – (Lang.: jap). – In: Toshokan-Kai/The library world, 62(2010)2, pp. 182-193. 2138 945 Mukhopadhyay, Asoknath. – Guide to MARC 21 for cataloguing books and serials (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2007. – pp. 490. – ISBN: 9781843344070. 2140 945 Thomale, Jason. – Interpreting MARC: where's the bibliographic data? (Lang.: eng). – In: Code4Lib journal, (2010)11, pp. 20-30. 2141 945;934*040+276 Leibrecht, Veronika. – The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek reports: Germany and Austria’s migration project ‘Moving to MARC 21’ (Lang.: eng). – In: Alexandria, 21(2009)1, pp. 25-33. 2142 946 Carlo Bianchini. – Futuri scenari: RDA, REICAT e la granularità dei cataloghi (Lang.: ita). – In: Bollettino AIB, 50(2010)3, pp. 219-238. 2143 946 De Fino, Melissa. – Cooperative cataloging rules http://sites.google.com/site/opencataloging rules/ (Lang.: eng). – In: Technical services quarterly, 27(2010)3, pp. 317-318. 2144 946 Wiesenmüller, Heidrun. – Die Grenzen der Modernitt: Das neue Regelwerk "Resource Description and Access" (Lang.: ger). – In: B.I.T. online: Zeitschrift für Bibliothek, Information und Technologie, 13(2010)3, pp. 286-290. 2145 946;871 Falk, Patricia, Hunker, Stefanie Dennis. – Cataloguing outside the box: a practical guide to cataloguing special collections materials (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 260. – ISBN: 9781843345534. 2146 949 Herrero Pascual, Cristina, Diaz Ortuo, Pedro. – Gestión de un fichero de autoridades en el marco de la biblioteca digital de historia del pensamiento político “Saavedra Fajardo” (Lang.: spa). – In: Ibersid: revista de sistemas de información y documentación, (2009), pp. 209-215. 2147 981 Clark, Malcolm, Ruthven, Ian, Holt, Patrik O’Brian. – Perceiving and using genre by form – an eye-tracking study (Lang.: eng). – In: Libri 60(2010)3, pp. 268-280. 2149 981 Lloyd, Annemaree. – Information literacy landscapes: information literacy in education, workplace and everyday contexts (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2010. – pp. 208. – ISBN: 9781843345077. 2150 981 Torras, Maria Carme. – Information literacy education: a process approach (Lang.: eng). – Cambridge, Chandos, 2008. – pp. 126. – ISBN: 9781843343868. 2151 981;877;325 Snyder, Tracey. – Music materials in a faceted catalog: interviews with faculty and graduate students (Lang.: eng). – In: Music reference services quarterly, 13(2010)3/4, pp. 66-95. 2152 981;944 Pisanski, Jan, Žumer, Maja. – Mental models of the bibliographic universe. Part 1: mental models of descriptions (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of documentation, 66(2010)5, pp. 643-667. 2153 982;752.2 Willson, R., et al. – The effect of spelling and retrieval system familiarity on search behavior in online public access catalogs: a mixed methods study (Lang.: eng). – In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(2010)12, pp. 2461-2476. 2154 982;835 Hassan-Montero, Yusef, Herrero-Solana, Victor, Guerrero-Bote, Vicente. – Usabilidad de los tag-clouds: studio mediante eye-tracking (Lang.: spa). – In: Scire: representación y organización del conociemento, 16(2010)1, pp. 31-41. 2155 998 Kreyche, Michael, Lisius, Peter H., Park, Amey. – The DeathFlip Project: automating death date revisions to name headings in bibliographic records (Lang.: eng). – In: Cataloging classification quarterly, 48(2010)8, pp. 684-695.
03H 在论文检索技巧的学习中，需要首先区分你的检索目标： 中文与外文检索需要选择不同的最佳数据库资源 ； 一般论文与学位论文的检索在数据库的选择上也是不同的； 另外需要识别数据库所包含的数据（文献揭示程度和类型）特征： 如：文摘型数据库和全文型数据库 下面推荐两个用于外文文摘型数据库的检索技巧博文，哦 希望您能够喜欢：） 并对比、讨论它们两与 数据库公司 宣传、培训课件的不同点， 别忘了， 共享你的感觉和体会 推荐1 ISI Web of Knowledge 22个论文检索技巧汇总 Dr. Garfield 1955年在 Science 发表论文提出将引文索引作为一种新的文献检索与分类工具的理念。将一篇文献作为检索字段从而跟踪一个Idea的发展过程。 “一个有效的索引必须严格限制它的收录范围，基本上应只收集对研究者有用的信息”。 Eugene Garfield, Ph. D. Web of Science( ISI 著名的三大引文索引 Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Science Citation Index, Arts Humanities Citation Index) 数据库收录了9000多种世界权威的、高影响力的学术期刊，内容涵盖自然科学、工程技术、生物医学、社会科学、艺术与人文等领域。Web of Science 还收录了论文中所引用的参考文献、并按照被引作者、出处和出版年代编制成索引。通过独特的引文检索，您可以用一篇文章、一个专利号、一篇会议文献或者一本书的名字作为检索词，检索这些文献的被引用情况，了解引用这些文献的论文所做的研究工作：您可以轻松的回溯某一研究文献的起源与历史，或者追踪其最新的进展，即可以越查越旧，也可以越查越新，越查越深入。 推荐2 中科院电工所硕士在读 韩笑的博客里的 ISI Web of knowledge常用功能小结
A Model of Self Abstract: The self has been studied extensively by modern science and is central to many world religions. But still there are none theories clearly depict the self development and how the self work. In this field, philosophy and anthropology attach importance to knowledge system and innovations, but psychology and psychiatry set store by feelings and behavior. Actually the twoaspects are constantly related together and they are basic characteristics of self. Inthe presentpaper, I come up with a self model which reveals relationships between knowledge, feeling, behavior and innovation. Keywords: self; knowledge system; feeling history; innovation Every individual entity has a self. To any study concerning human being as a whole, the concept of self is unavoidable. Current theories have mentioned the connections between knowledge and feeling and behavior. Like the social cognitive theory (Pajares, 2002) which had revealed some essential qualities of self. (Fig.1). Fig.1. The social cognitive theory model. This theory shows some fundamental factors about self formation and its activity. But it did not answer why human beings are so creative. In present paper, I advance a self model (Fig.2) which combines the knowledge and feelings together and can explain how people make innovations. Fig. 2. The model of self . This self model contains eight elements. The next I will explain each ones connotation. 1. Environment: The environment not only includes nature, society, living condition, family etc, but also includes various inside environment like endocrine system and blood pressure (A Mehrabian et al., 1974). Most importantly, the environment gives self signals and information, which can be felt and perceived by knowledge or experiences from others. In return, the actions of self also become part of the environment. 2. Knowledge system: The knowledge system includes all the spoken and written information and experiences achieved by self. For human being, our knowledge can be divided into four categories: science and technology, art, philosophy, theology. Here I include language in science. And the experiences from others in the society can be shared and classified into knowledge system. 3. Feeling history: The individual can feel from the outside or inside and recall from memory. Feeling history is the concept to describe not only all the physical sensation the individual felt or perceived from others, but also all the emotion has experienced (Vanden Bos et al., 2006). These feelings, no matter they are positive or negative, build up self from ones birth to death, even some feelings the individual could not remember (we can call that unconscious feelings). 4. Cognitive ability: The cognitive ability is a psychological concept, which describes how to perceive information or knowledge quickly and merged them into former knowledge structure of self. So self can evaluate the information and make some predictions about situation. Also this ability relates to the brain function of individual. 5. Self: The knowledge system is constantly reconstructing along with certain feelings. Thus, the feeling history combining with knowledge system together form the self, which constantly response to the society, nature and other information. 6. Executive ability: When facing various situations the self will recall its memory to evolve a solution. The executive ability is a process of carrying out the task effectively and flexibly to gain established goals (or needs) through a series of actions (behavior and innovation). This ability is mainly a brain process relates to physical health of individual. 7. Behavior: Behavior provides outputs from the self to the environment (Dusenbery et al., 2009). Behavior is the response of the self to various stimuli, whether internal or external, conscious or subconscious, overt or covert. 8. Innovation: Innovation is not just one of behavior. In a sense, many biological phenomena is innovation, even the bacteria receives some drug resistance plasmids. Therefore innovation and natural selection working together form the evolution. For human being, our innovation does not just mean the gene mutation. More importantly, science and technology innovations helped us more to fit in this planet. On basis of analysis, we can substantiate self model (Fig.3) as below: Fig. 3. The substantiated model of self for human being. Obviously, from this model we notice that by using knowledge and assisting with positive feelings, human being can acquire innovations and discoveries. Positive feelings motivate us to expand our ability and make innovations to gain better conditions and better health. But the robots which are without such feelings only can do something set in their programs beforehand. Further more, this model gives some clues to depict selfby mathematical ways. References A Mehrabian, J A Russell. (1974). environment psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge , MA . Dusenbery, David B. (2009). Living at Micro Scale . Harvard University Press, Cambridge , Mass, P120-124. Pajares . (2002). Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficacy . available at http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/eff.html Vanden Bos, Gary . (2006). APA Dictionary of Psychology . American Psychological Association, Washington , DC .
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?mode=index=25815view=expanded National Library of Medicine - Medical Subject Headings 2011 MeSH MeSH Descriptor Data Return to Entry Page Concept View. Go to Standard View Expanded Concept View. Go to Standard Concept View MeSH Heading Knowledge Management 知识管理 Tree Number N04.452.480 Concept 1 (Preferred) Knowledge Management 知识管理 Concept UI M0542365 Scope Note The leveraging of collective wisdom within an organization as a catalyst to increase responsiveness and innovation. Semantic Type T057 (Occupational Activity) Term (Preferred) Knowledge Management 知识管理 Term UI T763565 Date 06-JAN-2010 Lexical Tag NON Thesaurus NLM (2011) Allowable Qualifiers EC SN ST History Note 2011 Date of Entry 20100625 Unique ID D058436 MeSH Tree Structures Health Services Administration Organization and Administration Annual Reports as Topic Appointments and Schedules + Capacity Building Clinical Governance Committee Membership Constitution and Bylaws Decision Making, Organizational Efficiency, Organizational Eligibility Determination Fee Schedules + Governing Board + Health Facility Administration Hospital Administration + Institutional Management Teams Knowledge Management Management Audit + Management Information Systems + Mandatory Programs Medication Systems + Models, Organizational Multi-Institutional Systems + Organizational Affiliation + Organizational Culture Organizational Innovation + Organizational Objectives Ownership + Patient Identification Systems + Personnel Management + Pharmacy Administration + Planning Techniques Professional Practice + Program Development Public Health Administration Public Relations + Records as Topic + Risk Management + Safety Management Security Measures + Time Management Total Quality Management Voluntary Programs http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB0fidx4pupv2znIbI1I00h001000j100200010 61,866 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 3 Top Years Publications 2008 5,573 2009 5,511 2007 5,349 2006 4,886 2005 4,253 2004 3,801 2010 3,671 2003 2,986 2002 2,800 2001 2,481 1999 2,465 2000 2,350 1998 2,084 1997 1,686 1996 1,525 1995 1,440 1994 1,244 1993 1,082 1992 974 1991 903 1 2 3 1 2 3 ... 10 Top Countries Publications USA 22,458 United Kingdom 5,877 Canada 3,166 Australia 2,650 Germany 1,788 France 1,535 Italy 1,334 Netherlands 1,151 Sweden 1,107 Spain 802 Japan 662 Switzerland 646 Brazil 639 India 585 Norway 489 Denmark 468 China 426 Israel 417 Belgium 416 Taiwan 362 1 2 3 ... 10 1 2 3 ... 152 Top Cities Publications London 1,342 New York City 1,092 Boston 1,001 Toronto 740 Baltimore 642 Chicago 637 Philadelphia 612 Sydney 559 Houston 488 Seattle 445 Los Angeles 445 San Francisco 416 Atlanta 402 Melbourne 387 Paris 371 Ann Arbor 356 Pittsburgh 335 Montreal 328 Bethesda 311 Chapel Hill 299 1 2 3 ... 152 1 2 3 ... 289 Top Journals Publications J Adv Nurs 561 Stud Health Technol Inform 484 Patient Educ Couns 435 J Clin Nurs 398 Soc Sci Med 337 Acad Med 326 Br J Nurs 292 Nurs Educ Today 272 Cancer 248 Pediatrics 236 Nurs Stand 231 Int J Nurs Stud 218 Nurs Times 207 J Nurs Educ 203 J Contin Educ Nurs 180 Am J Public Health 179 J Nurs Manag 178 Amia Annu Symp Proc 172 Fam Pract 163 Med J Australia 162 1 2 3 ... 289 1 2 3 ... 1077 Top Terms Publications Humans 53,872 Knowledge 49,141 Patients 25,023 Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice 17,326 Adult 16,542 Evaluation Studies as Topic 12,469 Questionnaires 11,994 Data Collection 11,897 Middle Aged 11,365 Nursing 11,029 Nurses 10,972 Delivery of Health Care 10,314 Aged 8,066 Hospitalization 7,722 Hospitals 7,693 United States 7,600 mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase activity 7,355 Child 7,241 Diagnosis 7,093 Adolescent 6,799 1 2 3 ... 1077
标签: knowledge
