Wiley实验室指南Current Protocols在线讲座 神经性炎症模型：在神经退化与重生研究中的使用 注册地址： http://view6.workcast.net/register?pak=7048743581815943 时间： 2014 年10 月8 日（周四）0:00am – 1:00am （Beijing Time) Tuesday, October 7, 2014 at 12pm-1pm EDT (09:00-10:00 PDT; 17:00-18:00 BST; 18:00-19:00 CEST) 主讲人介绍 ： M. Kerry O’Banion 博士 目前任职于罗切斯特大学医学与牙医学院，担任神经生物学与解剖学系教授及代理系主任，已在神经性炎症领域内开展研究近20 年。O’Banion 博士于1987 年毕业于美国伊利诺伊州香槟分校，获得医学博士学位；1987-1991 年间他作为博士后及讲师在罗切斯特大学生物化学系Donald Young 博士的实验室里工作。在这段时间里， O’Banion 博士 主要的工作是在研究 糖皮质激素在转化细胞表型的快速 适应过程中的作用导致 环氧合酶 -2 的识别和繁殖，还有糖皮质激素在炎症中的重要作用。1991 年，O’Banion 博士被任命为罗切斯特大学神经学副教授，主持一系列研究，主要利用细胞培养模型和人体组织探究环氧合酶以及神经性炎症在阿尔茨海默症病理中的地位。后来在他与John Olschowka 博士及Stephanos Kyrkanides 的长期合作中，将这些研究都扩展到了动物模型的阶段。除了阿尔茨海默症，O’Banion 的实验室还开展了其他神经退化疾病的研究，目前他的主要研究方向是海马的神经发生中神经性炎症以及神经中枢系统接触辐射后的损伤。他的实验室已经接受了NIA,NIAID, NIEHS 和 NASA 提供的资金支持。O’Banion 博士的工作不仅只是研究，他还主管罗切斯特大学的医学家培养项目，培训60-65 名博士学生。 主持人： Gwen Taylor， Wiley 高级开发编辑兼Current Protocols在线讲座项目主管 讲座内容介绍： Neuroinflammation , definedas the activation of endogenous glial cells and their complex interplay withother cell types via cytokines, chemokines and other factors, is a component ofall central nervous system (CNS) injuries, infections, and neurodegenerativediseases. Althoughneuroinflammation is a normal response to CNS injury, a great deal of emphasishas been placed on its potential negative effects and how these might be modifiedto effect better outcome in CNS disorders. To this end, multiple models of neuroinflammation have been developedfor use in preclinical animal studies. In this webinar, Dr. KerryO’Banion (Universityof Rochester) will discuss several different models of neuroinflammation andprovide an overview of their use in studies of neurodegenerative disease. Emphasis will be placed on differencesbetween the models, including considerations for their implementation and limitationsin interpreting results. 主要学习目标: · Approaches used to elicit neuroinflammation inanimal models · Considerations for selecting specificapproaches · The information that can be gleaned from thesetypes of experiments 讲座主要目标人群： · Those interested in neuroinflammation and itscomplex role in brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders · Scientists who need to become knowledgeableabout designing experiments that investigate the effects of neuroinflammationin CNS disease processes 涉及Wiley实验室指南（currentProtocols）以及延伸内容： 神经科学/药理学/小鼠生物学/细胞生物学/干细胞生物学 细胞与分子生物学/神经病学/病理学
Wiley实验室指南Current Protocols在线讲座 注册地址： http://view6.workcast.net/register?pak=6272104129352788 时间： 2014 年 9 月 30 日（周二） 23:00-0:00 主讲人介绍 ： 邱继辉博士毕业于伦敦的帝国理工学院并获得生物化学博士学位。作为惠康基金奖的博士后研究员留校一年之后，邱博士赴科罗拉多州立大学微生物系任研究员，主要研究方向是麻风病和痨病。到了台湾中央研究院生化研究所后，他开始了自己的独立研究。邱博士现任特聘研究员兼副所长，同时还是中央研究院质谱技术委员会主席，监管几个附属机构的公共质谱设施正常运转。 邱博士的主要研究方向集中在 研发多种串联式质谱分析技术并应用于蛋白质、蛋白后修饰以及糖质体的结构分析、定序与表现差异图谱的鉴定，致力于提升技术平台的高效率、灵敏度与精确度。除此之外，他还积极使用鸟枪蛋白质组学技术来定义多种类型的蛋白质修饰，尤其是半胱氨酸。 主持人： Gwen Taylor， Wiley 高级开发编辑兼Current Protocols在线讲座项目主管 讲座内容介绍： Multiplexing Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification and Quantification of Site-SpecificReversible Cysteine Modifications The identification and quantitative measurement of different forms of protein site-specificreversible cysteine modifications remain technically challenging. Many massspectrometry (MS)-based workflows have been developed, all sharing a commonprinciple of first blocking any free thiol before labeling the specific formsof cysteine modifications that can be reversed by specific reducing agents. Inessence, this switches the reversibly modified cysteine intochemically labeled cysteine more suitable for MS-based detection andquantification. The recent availability of multiplexed iodoTMT, a set ofisobaric mass tags that irreversibly label Cys-thiols, now facilitatesdetermination of the relative degree of specific cysteine modifications underdifferent redox conditions. In this webinar, Dr.Kay-Hooi Khoo (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) will describe howmultiplexed iodoTMT has been used to sequentially and differentially tagS-nitrosylation and S-glutathionylation, allowing their dynamics to bedelineated. Dr. Khoo will answer questions from webinarattendees so be sure to attend and get answers from an expert! 主要学习目标: · Understanding the complexity of cysteinemodifications · Advantages of using iodoTMT in a sequentiallabeling workflow · Potential applications to delineate hypoxia-inducedredox events 讲座主要目标人群： · Researchers using MS-basedproteomics techniques for analysis of post-translational modifications · Scientists interested in using thetechnology to probe redox-mediated cysteine modifications
为什么我的论文连续5年高居Top 25 Hottest Articles的前4名？ 精选 已有 13509 次阅读 2013-1-6 07:40 |系统分类:论文交流|关键词:Top 25 Hottest Articles; 研究经验交流 由于一直比较忙，我最近两年没来科学网了。实际上，抽点时间进行交流对于营造活跃学术氛围很有帮助，有利于推动科学技术的发展。 前两年我曾经写一篇博文如何写出令同行感兴趣的科技论文？ 谈及我的两篇文章荣登Top 25 Hottest Articles排行榜。实际上，其中的一篇论文"A review of separation technologies in current and future biorefineries"从发表到现在已连续五年在其所在的期刊高居Top 25 Hottest Articles的前4名，而且大多数季度排在第一。我的另一篇研究论文”Effect of biomass species and plant size on cellulosic ethanol: A comparative process and economic analysis”也曾经在其所在的期刊上榜Top 25 Hottest Articles一年。我认为，有两篇上榜那么长时间，应该不是运气所致,而是长期努力的结果。 2004年以来我的代表性SCI论文、会议论文（报告）及书籍和章节见后面附录。经过统计，我的这些论文至今总共被SCI引用234次，总的影响因子(IF)是24.127. 其中我作为第一作者的论文总共被SCI引用209次，总的影响因子(IF)是15.666。这些成绩在有些博导、教授们面前来说根本不算什么，他们有几百篇论文不奇怪，因为他们属下有很多研究生和年轻教师同时在做实验研究和发表论文，他们是“集团军的将领”，而我仅仅是一位士兵而已，没有可比性。但对于象我这么一位普通的一线研究者和土博士而言，成绩是来之不易的。毕竟所有的具体研究工作都是自己做的，更何况又是工程类专业，影响因子通常相对比较低，而土博士自然在语言方面也很难与美国博士比。由于成绩比较显著，我到美国四年半的时候就获得个人永久居民身份（按杰出人才EB1a类别申请），也得到老板的赏识。此外，由于我的上述两篇论文在Top 25 Hottest Articles上榜（按读者下载文章次数多少排名）并持续很多个季度，引起好几个出版社的关注，我们荣幸地被多家出版社邀请编写或编辑相关书籍。因时间和精力所限，我们只接受了Wiley出版社的邀请，编辑Separation and purification technologies in biorefineries这本书 （已完成，今年3月出书：http://www.amazon.com/Separation-Purification-Technologies-Biorefineries-Ramaswamy/dp/0470977965）。另外，我们还经常被多种期刊编辑约稿。 那么，作为一位普通学者的我是如何做到这些呢？这正是我想要与您交流的地方，这里简要介绍我的一些研究心得。我觉得我之所以能做到这些，是坚持不懈、长期积累的结果,主要有以下几方面原因： （1）干一行爱一行，我做什么项目就喜欢什么项目。我觉得每个研究领域、每个研究项目都有未知而需要探索的地方，探索未知、发现新结果，是令人感兴趣的事情。只有兴趣了，你才能真正投入进去。 （2）保持敬业精神，刻苦钻研，持之以恒。我博士期间主要侧重于反应器控制方面的实验部分以及测控硬件集成和软件设计，对于纯粹化工背景的人，从事测控硬件集成和软件设计，需要花大量的时间和精力进行边学边用，刻苦钻研，我一周七天都投入了进去，最后按时顺利地完成了整个软硬件测控系统的设计。2003-2004年我考国家公派出国去新西兰研究一年，我那段时间也一直是埋头苦干，有时晚上和周末还自个儿去试验室加班。直到一年快结束时才放下研究工作去旅游了几天。我出国前就计划好要充分利用留学机会弄出一些科研成果。尽管由于留学时间较短（1年），很难得到满意的实验结果，但经过努力我还是参加了一个会议、发表了一篇综述论文，还与两位在读研究生合作进行一些计算机模拟，当时并不指望得到什么合作文章（我并不是学术功利主义），但后来他们发表研究论文时都没有忘记我对计算机模拟的贡献，帮助我额外增加了两篇的合作论文。国家公派没有对我们公派生有任何定量的成果要求，但我仍然非常敬业地工作，收获了令自己满意的成果，同时还得到课题组负责陈教授的认可。2005年9月得以来美国做博士后，归功于陈教授的帮助，正是他提供给我该博士后职位招聘的宝贵信息。来美国的前一年，我有幸与我的一位师兄进行了一个石油化工过程的模拟与优化，我负责计算机模拟工作，我一如既往地认真负责，为使用过程流程模拟软件（Aspen Plus）积累了宝贵的经验，当然我博士阶段的计算机应用水平的提高也使我运用该模拟软件起来更加得心应手。我05年来美国做博士后的职位正是关于使用Aspen Plus进行计算机模拟的项目（只是具体研究对象不同而已）。简而言之，事物都是相关的，只要你保持敬业精神，刻苦钻研，并持之以恒，对每项课题认真负责（而不是“应付”），力争做好每一件事，那么一旦机会出现，你就会容易抓住。 （3）沉住气，不浮躁。我的博士课题侧重于反应器控制方面的实验部分以及测控硬件集成和软件设计，没有时间和精力进行理论模型的研究和模型化工作，很难从我的博士论文写成像样的或上档次的学术论文（尽管我尽力发表了好几篇相关的中文期刊论文）。但是，我并不悲叹和发牢骚，亦不与人攀比，更不气馁，继续踏踏实实地做自己的研究工作，积累研究经验。另外，我当时一直相信自己的研究能力。虽然我的博士论文无法提供好文章的素材，对自己的学术成果积累没有多大的直接贡献，但自身的计算机应用水平得到明显提高，这为后来进行化工过程的计算机模拟工作打下了坚实的基础。基于自信与兴趣，我后来编著了《实用化工计算机模拟-MATLAB在化学工程中的应用》，这本书总共花了一年半的业余时间才完成，书中的130个例子程序都是自己精心编写调试好的，非常费时费神。当时在上海的我，假如沉不住气，本书是不可能完成的。值得一提的是，本书在国内曾经得到本专业及相关专业众多研究生的青睐。此外,这本书的编写实际上也提高了自身的化工建模和计算机仿真的水平,弥补了我博士期间所欠缺的东西。 （4）在积极进行试验研究和（或）计算机模拟得到结果以后，积极参加各种学术活动（学术会议、讲座），并及时地发表自己已获得的研究结果。不要有学术功利主义，非要发表多少多少篇论文不可，只要尽力就可以了。在经费允许的情况下尽量多参加学术会议，因为参加学术会议可以当作一种相对比较轻松愉快的学术活动，既获得很多新信息、研究新热点新方向新方法等，又认识兴趣相同的同行朋友，而且又能享受短暂的“度假旅行”。此外，学术会议常常帮助宣传自己，同时会给参会者起着鼓舞（研究）的作用（反而言之，一个人关起门来研究，不参加学术活动，自然得不到任何鼓舞，就会觉得枯燥无味）。当你越来越觉得学术会议很有意思以后，一旦接到新的会议预告时，往往会非常积极主动地、加班加点地准备会议摘要，并加快试验（或模拟计算）进度以获得所需的结果，以便在会议上作报告。会议结束后，把会议论文扩展（补充和完善内容）写成期刊论文以发表。 （5）对英语的兴趣和重视。我在国内从硕士阶段到出国前，一直保持对英语学习的兴趣，坚持不懈地学习，因为我认为不管在哪里做研究工作，英文科技文献是必需阅读的。平时经常读英文报，听美国之音，背TOFEL和GRE单词等。虽然由于研究忙碌无法脱身，我没考过TOFEL和GRE，但考了国家公派英语水平考试，并顺利通过。加上来美国前我第一作者发表了两篇英文论文，虽数量不多，但得到了英语科技论文方面的写作锻炼。有坚实的英语基础，尤其是写作方面，使我来到美国后英语论文的写作如鱼得水（当然也离不开坚实的专业，否则英文再好也写不出好文章）。只有英语和专业同时好，才能快速阅读科技文献，吸取养分，使自己的研究“站在前人的肩膀上”进行创新研究。 综上所述，科学研究无捷径，绝不能急于求成；只有保持兴趣，保持敬业精神，刻苦钻研，持之以恒，同时注意尽量全面发展（专业+英语+计算机），你才能不断取得进步，不断取得成果，这也是作为一位真正的学者和研究者所必需具备的。 致谢：感谢我的博士生导师袁先生对学术的严格要求以及他领导下所营造的良好学术氛围，使我潜移默化地对学术的兴趣和重视，并使我受益匪浅。 2004年以来的代表性论文： (1) H.-J. Huang, S. Ramaswamy. Thermodynamic analysis of black liquor steam gasification. BioResources, 6(3), 3210-3230, 2011. (2) H.-J. Huang, S. Ramaswamy, W. Al-Dajani, U. Tschirner. Process modeling and analysis of pulp mill-based integrated biorefinery with hemicellulose pre-extraction for ethanol production: A comparative study. Bioresource Technology. 101(2): 624-631, 2010. (3) H.-J. Huang, S. Ramaswamy, W. Al-Dajani, U. Tschirner, an
Freestanding Macroporous Silicon and Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile As a Composite Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries In the one step anodization liftoff procedure, the in situ change in fluoride ion concentration results in the formation of a high porosity layer beneath a low porosity layer under the same etching conditions. The pores in the high porosity layer then eventually expand in width and overlap with one another until the porous silicon breaks away from the substrate. In the two step procedure, a silicon wafer is first etched at a constant current density to create isotropic pores. Then the current density is suddenly increased causing the base of the pores to rapidly expand and overlap, thus lifting the porous silicon from the bulk substrate.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/dark-matter-sun-gravity_n_1438425.html By: Charles Q. Choi Published: 04/19/2012 10:00 AM EDT on SPACE.com A new study has found no trace of the mysterious substance known as dark matter around the sun, adding a twist to current theories, researchers say. Dark matter is one of the greatest cosmic mysteries of our time — an invisible, intangible material thought to make up five-sixths of all matter in the universe. Scientists currently think it is composed of a new type of particle, one that interacts normally with gravity but only very weakly with all the other known forces of the universe. As such, dark matter is detectable only via the gravitational pull it generates. Astronomers first proposed the existence of dark matter to explain why stars moved the way they did in the Milky Way. It was as if extra matter was present, exerting a gravitational pull that influenced the motions of the stars. According to widely accepted theories, the neighborhood around the sun should be filled with dark matter, with billions of these particles rushing through us every second. However, the most accurate study yet of motions of stars in the Milky Way now has found no evidence for dark matter in a large volume around the sun. "Our results contradict the currently accepted models — the mystery of dark matter has just become even more mysterious," said study lead author Christian Moni Bidin, an astronomer at the University of Concepción in Chile. Hunting dark matter The scientists used telescopes at the La Silla Observatory and the Las Campanas Observatory, both in Chile, to map the motions of more than 400 red giant stars up to 13,000 light-years from the sun. This helped calculate the mass of material in the vicinity of the sun, in a volume four times larger than ever considered before. "The amount of mass that we derive matches very well with what we see — stars, dust and gas — in the region around the sun," Moni Bidin said. "But this leaves no room for the extra material — dark matter — that we were expecting. Our calculations show that it should have shown up very clearly in our measurements. But it was just not there!" Dark matter models had predicted there should be about 0.9 to 2.2 pounds (0.4 to 1 kilograms) of dark matter in a volume the size of the Earth in the sun's part of the galaxy. However, these new findings suggest there is at most 0.15 pounds (70 grams) of dark matter in that volume in our part of the Milky Way galaxy . "Despite the new results, the Milky Way certainly rotates much faster than the visible matter alone can account for, so if dark matter is not present where we expected it, a new solution for the missing mass problem must be found," Moni Bidin said. Dark matter's elusiveness explained? The findings could explain why all attempts to detect dark matter in laboratories on Earth have failed so far — there is much less of it in the sun's neighborhood than expected. "Strictly speaking, the results do not say that dark matter does not exist — they only say it is not here," Moni Bidin told SPACE.com. "We have not proven that dark matter does not exist, and even if we do, at this point we cannot explain many other phenomena that today are explained only by dark matter." One alternative to dark matter is known as Modified Newtonian Dynamics, or MOND, which tweaks how gravity works at large scales to help explain the motions of stars and galaxies that researchers observe. However, "to my knowledge, MOND also would have expected a massive 'phantom disk' to appear in our study, so our results should contradict its expectations, too," Moni Bidin said. Future astronomical surveys, such as the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, could help shed further light on dark matter, Moni Bidin said. Gaia will collect data to reconstruct the movement of millions of stars. "Thus, we will be able to test the presence of dark matter in a wide region of the galaxy," he explained. The scientists will detail their findings in a future issue of the Astrophysical Journal.
Guangfeng Zhao, Ming Liu and Fuqian Yang, The effect of an electric current on the nanoindentation behavior of tin, Acta Materialia 60 (2012) 3773-3782 Abstract Electrical–thermal–mechanical interactions determine the reliability and performance of microelectromechanical devices and systems. Using the nanoindentation technique the effect of an electric current on the indentation deformation of Sn strips was studied for an indentation load in the range 50–200 lN. During the indentation an electric current density in the range 993.05–4087.89 A cm2 was passed through the Sn strips, which introduced electrical–thermal–mechanical interactions. The experimental results showed that the reduced contact modulus decreased with increasing electric current density. For an electric current density less than 4087.89 A cm2 the decrease in the reduced contact modulus with increasing electric current density was mainly controlled by Joule heating due to an electrothermal interaction. The electrothermal interaction caused surface softening of the Sn strips. A simple relation is proposed to describe the dependence of the reduced contact modulus on the electric current density. The indentation hardness decreased with increas- ing indentation load, showing a normal indentation size effect. Using the relationship between indentation hardness and indentation depth from strain gradient plasticity theory we curve fitted the experimental data and found that both the indentation hardness at the limit of infinite depth and the characteristic length were dependent on the electric current density. Finite element analysis was per- formed to analyze the indentation deformation of a two-dimensional tin strip under the simultaneous action of an electric current. The simulation results showed that the contact modulus of tin decreased linearly with the square of the electric current density, qualitatively in accordance with experimental observations for an electric current density 6 2803.7 A cm2 . 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanoindentation; Elastic behavior; Hardness
Fornew readers and those who request to be “ 好友 good friends” please read my 公告 栏 first. Stephen Chu, the Nobel Prizewinning physicist and current U.S. Secretary of Energy, gave a talk at Harvardon “ The Role of Science, Technology and Innovation in Solving the EnergyChallenge” on December 1, 2011. The audeince filled the auditorium. Harvard had to arrange FOUR extra large lecture rooms equipped with live broadcast to satisfy the demand. Hestarted his talk by reviewing the role of scientific innovation in agriculture,information technology, and transportation showing how each subject wastransformed by discoveries and key breakthrough. To those who are versed in thesubject matter, they are well known matters in the history of science viewednow with the benefit of hindsight. For example, I am familiar with electronicsand IT. But in agriculture and transportation, new facts and insights werelearned. Henry Ford was often thought ofas the father of the automobile. But the technology of internal combustionengine was actually invented in Germany. But Ford made possible the productionof a desirable object with low cost and efficiency. From this Chu invented theverb “Henry-Forded” to say that one person or country managed to take advantageof breakthrough elsewhere and made it practical. He gave the recent example onhow SunTech (China) managed to “Henry-Ford” solar cell production to make itthe leading producer of solar power in the world. Chu concluded his talk byquoting from the work of Micheal Spence, another Nobel winning economist, ontradable and non tradable labor. Example of the former category ismanufacturing labor which can be out-sourced to any country; the example of thelatter are barbers who cuts hair, school teachers, etc. who perform personalservices. Spencenoted from extensive data analysis that for the past half century the tradablejobs in the US are steadily decreasing (being out-sourced) while the nontradable jobs held steady. This implies that US is increasing her foreign debtcontinuously in exchange for outside labor to produce “invented in the US butmade in China” goods - another phrase coined by Chu and an economic fact that cannot be long sustained. No bigsurprise but real worry some according to Chu.
A ppt of recent visiting talk (about 2 hrs), updating to my current and former group members on what I have learnt in the past two decades and what we will do next. Link: Part-I Link: Part-II Per iod Agenda/attainment 1989-20 03 O (C, N, H) surface chemistry (Prog Mater Sc 2003) 1999 -2 007 Size dependence of nanostructures (Prog Solid State Chem 2007) 200 4- 2009 Mesoscopic thermo mechanics (Prog Mater Sc 2009) 20 07 -2011 Nonbonding electron polarization ( Nanoscale 20 10;) The sould of GNR and CNT, (EES, 2011) 2009 onward Quantitative spectroscopy Defect, surface nanos Impurity interface 4S and catalysis H bond dynamics and H2O anomalies Ice Rule (Pauling 1935) 1. M H: spin ice, O-adsorption, metal oxide 2. C, N, F O: N, C, F reaction 3. Bond-band-barrier correlation (Phys Chem) 4. O-H : O segmentation: H2O NTE Atomic CN-R (Pauling 1947; Goldschmidt 1927) 1. BOLS (E): under CN (Surf, defect, nano, etc) 2. Local entrapment polarization 3. Hetero-CN: (impurity, interf, alloy, comp.) 4. Local bond average STM/S VLEED Atomic valency; 4-stage bonding kinetics Raman d, E, q D , E z , b , E den , etc PES/ ZPS (UPS, XPS, AES) (surf interf): E n (0), D E n (12), E den , E z , etc
关注的PPG出了一期关注的ES专辑，激动一下，放在这里分享！可惜没有自己的contribution。 progress in physical geography October 2011; 35 (5) Special Issue: Ecosystem Services Editorial Select this article Marion Potschin and Roy Haines-Young Introduction to the Special Issue : Ecosystem Services Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 571 - 574 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311422976 Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Articles Select this article Marion B. Potschin and Roy H. Haines-Young Ecosystem services : Exploring a geographical perspective Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 575 - 594 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311423172 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article Brendan Fisher , R. Kerry Turner , Neil D. Burgess , Ruth D. Swetnam , Jonathan Green , Rhys E. Green , George Kajembe , Kassim Kulindwa , Simon L. Lewis , Rob Marchant , Andrew R. Marshall , Seif Madoffe , P.K.T. Munishi , Sian Morse-Jones , Shadrack Mwakalila , Jouni Paavola , Robin Naidoo , Taylor Ricketts , Mathieu Rouget , Simon Willcock , Sue White , and Andrew Balmford Measuring, modeling and mapping ecosystem services in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 595 - 611 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311422968 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article Erik Gómez-Baggethun and Manuel Ruiz-Pérez Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 613 - 628 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311421708 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article Paul Ekins Environmental sustainability : From environmental valuation to the sustainability gap Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 629 - 651 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311423186 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article L. Lundy and R. Wade Integrating sciences to sustain urban ecosystem services Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 653 - 669 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311422464 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article Rob D. Fish Environmental decision making and an ecosystems approach : Some challenges from the perspective of social science Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 671 - 680 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311420941 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions Select this article Roy Haines-Young Exploring ecosystem service issues across diverse knowledge domains using Bayesian Belief Networks Progress in Physical Geography October 2011 35 : 681 - 699 , doi: 10.1177/0309133311422977 Abstract Full Text (PDF) References Request Permissions
先来看看touch --help对 touch的解释：Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time. 翻译过来： touch命令用来修改文件的访问时间 、修改时间。如果没有指定时间，则将文件时间属性改为当前时间。当指定文件不存在，则touch命令变为创建该文件。i 想要了解touch 命令， 先得了解linux里文档的时间属性。 在linux下，一个文件有三种时间属性: 访问时间、修改时间、状态改动时间。 访问时间: 记录文件最近被阅读的时间(vim,cat,more等命令都能修改该值)。 修改时间: 记录文件最近被修改的时间(ls -l命令显示的时间即为该时间)。 状态改动时间: 记录该文件的inode节点被修改的时间。touch命令除了-d和-t选项外都会改变该时间。而且chmod,chown等命令也能改变该值。 如何查看文件的时间属性? 用stat命令可以查看文件的时间属性，见上例。 另外ls命令也可以查看文件的时间属性: 1 2 3 ls -l file : 查看文件修改时间 ls -lc file: 查看文件状态改动时间 ls -lu file: 查看文件访问时间
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