【题目】信息基本定律：广义双语处理的基础理论 【作者】邹晓辉Geneculture 【摘要】 本文旨在通俗地介绍信息基本定律。其方法是：通过广义双语信息处理，尤其是通过比较两大类形式化方略，一方面，继承“语言理解、知识表达、模式识别”软件工程方略，另一方面，创造“广义双语、知识本体、双语编程”系统工程方略。其结果是：标准化与个性化、多元化、多样化三方面的结合，达到最佳的人机交互效果。其意义是：基于英文的图灵测试--图灵“可计算性”论题--强人工智能，基于中文的图灵测试--塞尔“中文房间”论题--弱人工智能，这两个极端的论题，均可被视为基于广义双语的图灵测试--晓辉“双字棋盘”论题的两个特例，从而，突显信息基本定律，及其实际应用价值。 【英文题目】 Basic law of information: the fundamental theory of generalized bilingual processing 【英文作者】Xiaohui ZOU，Shunpeng ZOU 【英文摘要】The purpose of this paper is to generally introduce the basic law of information. The method is: the generalized bilingual information processing, especially by comparing the two kinds of formal strategy, on the one hand, inherited language understanding, knowledge representation, pattern recognition software engineering approach, on the other hand, to create generalized bilingual, knowledge ontology, bilingual programming systems engineering strategies. The result: standardization and personalized or diversified combination of three aspects, to achieve the best effect of human-computer interaction. Its significance lies in: the Turing test based on English - Turing computability thesis - strong artificial intelligence, the Turing test based on Chinese - Searle “Chinese room” argument--weak artificial intellignence, the two extremes of thesis, both can be seen as the Turing test based on generalized bilingual - as two exceptions of Xiaohui “double chessboard” thesis, thereby, underline the basic law of information, and its practical application value.
SOFTWARE (Published monthly since 1979) Vol.32 No.7 Jul.2011 ISSN 1003-6970 CN12-1151/TP Experts Forum The Uniqueness of Software Engineering: The Dual Formalizations ……………………… ZOU Xiaohui, ZOU Shunpeng (1) The Uniqueness of Software Engineering：The Dual Formalizations ZOU Xiaohui 1,2,3 , ZOU Shunpeng 1 (1.China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Institute of Higher Education, Beijing 100083,China;2.Engineering Institute of Synergy Culture Gene, (Zhuhai) Tsinghua Science Park, Zhuhai 519000, China;3.Chinese Institute of Electronics "Software" magazine deputy editor Contributing writer, Beijing 100044, China) 【Abstract】This article aims to discuss the second path to software engineering and its significance by taking the bilingual information processing of both digit and script for example. Specifically, it involves the following two questions and their corresponding answers: First,what is software engineering discipline unique for? The problem of dual path to software engineering is further proposed in the process of answering it. Second, why is the second path to software engineering significantly better than the first path? This indicates that the software industry will encounter re-shuffle. From the view of methodology, the first question would involve collaborative intelligence concept; the second question relates to the reasoning of the second path. From the perspective of the disciplinary system, both of them involve the last two positioning of software. Of which, if the first is computer software products born out of math and linguistics, then the second is software engineering services grew out of computer science, information science and their related engineering and technological disciplines,the relevant part of management as well as education. The first round of positioning formed the concept of software product, and the second formed the concept of software service. This is systematic engineering project, which is characterized by that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts together. Here, it means that the separate functions of a virtual natural brain (designer and user) and a virtual machine (operating system and application system as well as other software) cannot reach the extent of the integrated function of collaborative intelligent computing system made by the combination of the both. 【Key words】Software Product; Software Engineering Service; Bilingual Processing; Indirect Formalization 软 件 （Ruan Jian） 月刊（1979 年创刊） 2011 年7 月 第32 卷第7 期 ISSN1003-6970 CN12-1151/TP 《软件》杂志首届中文核心期刊，被《中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库》、《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库来源期刊》、《万方数据—数字化期刊群全文收录期刊》、《中文科技期刊数据库（全文版）收录期刊》、《中国知识资源总库CNKI 源期刊》、美国《乌利希国际期刊指南》、波兰《哥白尼索引》、美国《剑桥科学文摘》等国内外数据库收录 目 录 专家论坛 软件工程学科何以独特——形式化方法的双重路径*…………………………………………… 邹晓辉 邹顺鹏 (1) 软件工程学科何以独特——形式化方法的双重路径* 邹晓辉 1,2,3 邹顺鹏 1 （1. 中国地质大学（北京）高等教育研究所 北京 100083；2. 清华科技园（珠海）融智文化基因工程研究所（筹），珠海 519000；3. 中国电子学会、天津电子学会《软件》杂志 副主编 特约撰稿人 北京 100044） 摘 要 ：本文旨在以数字和文字双语信息处理为例论述软件工程的第二路径及其重要意义。具体涉及如下两个问题及其解答：第一，软件工程学科何以独特？在其解答过程中进一步提出了软件工程的双重路径问题；第二，软件工程的第二路径为什么显著优于第一路径？其中预示软件产业将由此重组。从方法论的角度来看，前者涉及协同智能观；后者涉及第二路径的论证。从学科体系的角度来看，涉及软件的两次定位。其中，如果说第一次是计算机软件产品脱胎于数学和语言学，那么，第二次就是软件工程服务脱胎于计算机学科和信息学及其相关的工程技术学科和管理学以及教育学的相关部分。前一轮形成了软件产品概念，后一轮形成了软件服务概念。这是一个系统工程，其特点是整体大于局部之合。在此，就是虚拟的自然人（设计者和用户）与虚拟的计算机（操作系统和应用系统以及其它各式各样的软件）各自的功能，均不及两者结合而成的协同智能计算系统的整合功能。 关键词 ：软件产品；软件工程服务；双语信息处理；间接形式化。 中图分类号：TP 文献标识码：A DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2011.07.001
今天突然发现 WWW.SOSO.COM 居然很好用，呵呵，还有GOOGLE,真是太让我热爱了，想要什么资料都可以搜到，真是太感谢了。。。。 http://group.vsharing.com/Article.aspx?aid=1095457 近 20 年来，国内 IT 项目和软件开发的主流是瀑布式流程（Process）。与瀑布模型相对的是 IID（迭代递增式开发）模型。 敏捷大师 Craig Larman 和软件工程权威 Victor Basili 教授在 2003 年发表于 IEEE Computer 杂志的封面文章《Iterative and Incremental Development: A Brief History》中为我们讲解了一段非常精彩的有关瀑布模型的历史故事，这也可以说是世界软件工程史最大的误解之一。 google:iterative+and+incremental+development+a+brief+story 几十年来大家所熟悉的软件工程瀑布模型（waterfall model）概念，起源于 Winston Royce 发表于 1970 年的著名文章 "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems" (Proc. Westcon, IEEE CS Press, 1970, pp. 328-339)。 自此，世界上很多人错误地认为 Royce 大师在这篇文章中倡导的是对于软件开发，尤其大型、复杂系统和产品的开发，应当采用当今大家早已烂熟于胸的瀑布模型，即一个严格、顺序（sequential）、单次（single-pass）的瀑布生命周期，也就是说一个 IT/软件项目应该包括这样几个阶段：需求分析阶段、概要设计阶段、详细设计阶段、编码实现阶段和测试阶段、部署阶段等等。 而实际上瀑布之父 Winston Royce 真正倡导的是什么？他建议的其实是 do it twice，一个两次瀑布的“迭代”模型！ If the computer program in question is being developed for the first time, arrange matters so that the version finally delivered to the customer for operational deployment is actually the second version in so far as critical design/operations areas are concerned. Winston Royce 的儿子、著名软件工程专家、RUP 创始人之一 Walker Royce 后来这样形容他父亲和那篇著名的文章： He was always a proponent of iterative, incremental, evolutionary development. His paper described the waterfall as the simplest description, but that it would not work for all but the most straightforward projects. The rest of his paper describes within the context of the 60s/70s government-contracting models (a serious set of constraints). 好了，几十年来被大家所公认的“瀑布之父”其实一直倡导的是迭代、递增和演进式开发，他在那篇经典文章中描述的瀑布模型，其实只是一种最简单的情况，并不是普遍适用所有的软件产品和系统开发、信息化和系统集成项目。而现在看，瀑布也肯定不是一种先进和最佳的软件生命周期解决方案。 怎么样，业界的以讹传讹现象很严重吧，从 1970 年代开始，一传就传了近 40 年！ CMM 和 CMMI 是过去 10 年的主流。令人遗憾的是，很多人误以为 CMM、CMMI 的缺省、默认标准就是瀑布式，瀑布式是全球软件工程界的最佳实践！ 附录： waterfall.pdf history-of-iterative-larman-and-basili-ieee-computer.pdf
这是一本介绍C语言及软件工程方面的书籍，书名《A Structured Programming Approach using C, Third Edition》,作者是 B. A. Forouzan and R. F. Gilberg.本书适合计算机系的本科学生、初学者。比较重要的部分就是指针及其应用、字符串处理等。花了将近两天的时间看完这本书，多少还是有些收获的。觉得这本书缺乏有趣的例子和实际的项目，如果添加了这些，会更完美。总之，还是要多实践，多编程，否则很快就忘了！
推荐三本书关于农业系统与软件工程技术，通俗点说就是，教你怎样把公式编制成软件。可不要太高看自己哟。 Petraq J. Papajorgji and Panos M. Pardalos. Software engineering techinques applied to agricultural sysetems: An Object-Oriented and UML Approach, 2006, Springer Press. Petraq J. Papajorgji and Panos M. Pardalos. Advances in modeling agricultural systems. 2009, Springer Press. 这是两本关于软件工程技术与模型相结合的书。书中介绍了新的软件建模方法，如UML, OCL, MDA和ontologies，还介绍了一些高级数学工具。 D.W.G. van Kraalingen, The FSE system for crop simulation, version 2.1, 1995 这是一本非常经典的作物模型教材。
标签: 软件工程
