戴维哈维特苏特 （ 1939年 9月17日 －），前 美国最高法院大法官 ，自 1990年 出任 美国最高法院 大法官直至于2009年6月29日退休。他是由 共和党 总统 乔治HW布什 所提名，以接替退休的 威廉布伦南 。苏特历经 威廉伦奎斯特 和 约翰罗伯茨 两位 首席大法官 。苏特终生未婚。且并不使用现今科技产品，不使用 电子邮件 、 手机 。写判决书时使用 钢笔 。苏特是最高法院的 自由派 之一，虽然他是由共和党总统提名，但苏特在上任后作出的判决大多倾向自由派。2009年5月1日苏特向 总统 奥巴马 提出辞职，其后奥巴马提名 索尼娅索托马约尔 接替他。（转自 维基百科 ） 5月27日下午，曾经在美国高等法院任大法官19年的David H. Souter （戴维.苏特尔）为哈福大学毕业典礼做了主题发言（上午他被哈佛大学授予荣誉博士学位）。苏特尔1961年毕业于哈佛学院，1966年毕业于哈佛法律学校。 David H. Souter 在演讲（哈佛网站照片） 演讲现场（博主傻瓜数码拍摄） 演讲现场（博主傻瓜数码拍摄） 我未能找到该演讲的英文全文，只能把哈佛网站的报道转载如下，大家参考： Plain language, complex meanings In Commencement address, retired Justice Souter says Constitution can be a conflicting document I n a Commencement Day speech to Harvards graduates, former U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Souter said Thursday (May 27) that judges have no choice but to interpret the U.S. Constitution beyond its plain language, and he criticized those who argue that its meaning lies there waiting for a judge to read it fairly. He said that though specific parts of the Constitution may be plainly and clearly written, judges are charged with interpreting the entire governing document. Its multiple guarantees are often conflicting and must be settled from the bench. Further, Souter said, the judicial interpretation of facts can change over time, so judges have to understand their meaning for the living. Souter said a black-and-white interpretation fails to account for what the Constitution actually says, and fails just as badly to understand what judges have no choice but to do. Souter took aim at what he termed the fair reading model of constitutional analysis as simplistic and prone to discourage our tenacity to keep the constitutional promises the nation has made. The Constitution embodies the desire of the American people, like most people, to have things both ways, Souter said. We want order and security, and we also want liberty. We want not only liberty, but equality as well. These paired desires of ours can clash, and when they do, a court is forced to choose between them. Souter, who stepped down from the court last June after 19 years, was the main speaker at Commencement Exercises, and received an honorary doctor of laws degree earlier in the day. In his 30-minute speech, delivered outdoors at Tercentenary Theatre during the annual meeting of the Harvard Alumni Association , Souter said there are some cases where a simple reading of the Constitutions language suffices to settle the outcome, but those are not the cases that make it all the way to the Supreme Court. Some cases that do, he said, stem from open-ended guarantees made in the Constitution, such as due process and equal protection. But justices have work to do, he said, even in cases involving the Constitutions clearest language. Souter drew from two famous cases the Pentagon Papers and Brown v. Board of Education to explain his position. The Pentagon Papers case pitted the U.S. government against The New York Times and The Washington Post , which had gained classified documents relating to the Vietnam War. The government sought to suppress their publication on national security grounds. Though First Amendment language is clear that Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, and though the court ultimately did decide for the newspapers, the court also recognized that even freedom of the press constitutionally guaranteed in clear language was not absolute. Thats because, Souter said, justices are charged with interpreting the entire Constitution, not a lonely amendment. Beyond freedom of the press, the Constitution also grants the government authority to provide national security and gives the president power to manage foreign policy and the military. In this case, the balancing of rights came out on the newspapers side, but the decision, Souter said, left the door open to swing differently in the future. Not only is apparently clear language sometimes not so clear, but apparently simple facts in a legal case are sometimes not so simple, Souter said. Facts can have meanings that change with time and circumstances, and its up to judges to interpret them for those living now. Souter used the example of the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case that abolished segregated schools to illustrate his point. He said the facts in the Brown case were analogous to the trend-setting 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case, in which the court ruled that separate but equal railroad cars for black and white passengers were acceptable under the Constitution. Souter argued that the main difference in the two cases was not the facts, but rather the passage of time, which affected the justices interpretation of the facts. In 1896, when Plessy was decided, slavery and the Civil War were still relatively recent events. It was against that backdrop that the justices decided that separate but equal rail cars were acceptable. Fifty-eight years later, when Brown v. Board of Education was decided, the situation had changed, and the horrors of slavery and war had receded. The judges in 1954 found a meaning in segregation that the majority of their predecessors in 1896 did not see. That meaning is not captured by descriptions of physically identical schools or physically identical railroad cars, Souter said. The meaning of facts arises elsewhere, and its judicial perception turns on the experience of the judges, and on their ability to think from a point of view different from their own. When the judges in 1954 read the record of enforced segregation, it carried only one possible meaning: It expressed a judgment of inherent inferiority on the part of the minority race. The Alumni Associations annual meeting takes place during the afternoon on Commencement Day. In addition to Souters remarks, this years event featured a welcome by outgoing Alumni Association President Teresita Alvarez-Bjelland 76, M.B.A. 79, remarks by Harvard Treasurer James Rothenberg 68, M.B.A. 70, and the annual report to the alumni by Harvard President Drew Faust. Faust joked during her talk that she was honored to serve as Justice Souters warm-up act. In her yearly speech to the gathered alumni, Faust highlighted Harvards long history of pubic service embodied by Souter and his work as a judge and the Universitys expanding efforts in that area. Faust highlighted the enormous effort that Harvard students put into public service activities donating nearly a million hours to area communities this year alone and said the proportion of seniors taking jobs in public service was up dramatically in the past two years, from 17 to 26 percent. She also highlighted faculty work that seeks to help others and society, from Paul Farmers work providing health care to the poor in Haiti, to Kit Parkers service as a major in the U.S. Army, to Max Essexs work with those infected by HIV in Botswana. Faculty are laboring on a host of international problems, including fighting climate change, addressing the financial collapse, examining the factors that drive personal financial decisions, improving teacher effectiveness, creating building designs to house Haitian earthquake victims, and improving airflow in Rwandan hospitals. Faust announced the creation of a group of Presidential Public Service Fellowships, which will fund 10 students across the University in summer volunteer activities. Faust also said that the upcoming Harvard fundraising campaign would explicitly strive to double funding for undergraduate summer service opportunities and increase it for similar activities involving graduate students. Ultimately more important than students brief years at Harvard is what these graduates will do with their diplomas and their lives, Faust said. I would like to imagine that whatever career our graduates pursue, whether in the private or the public realm, they will choose to make service an ongoing commitment.
在5月27日上午的哈福大学毕业典礼仪式上，哈福大学授予了10位杰出社会和科技精英哈福大学荣誉博士学位。以下是他们的一些资料，供大家参考！以下部分照片博主照自现场电视直播画面，重量不好，请大家原谅！ 授予的十位哈福大学荣誉博士学位荣誉博士（转载于哈福大学网站）(clockwise from top left) Thomas R. Cech, David H. Souter, Freeman A. Hrabowski III, Rene C. Fox, Thomas Nagel, Meryl Streep, Richard Serra, Susan Lindquist, David G. Nathan, and The Baroness Onora ONeill of Bengarve. David H. Souter 戴维. 苏特尔 Doctor of Laws 法律博士 David H. Souter was an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court for 19 years before retiring in June 2009. Souter, who graduated from Harvard College in 1961 and Harvard Law School in 1966, will be the principal speaker at the Afternoon Exercises at this years Commencement .苏特尔2009年退休。退休前在美国高等法院任大法官19年。苏特尔1961年毕业于哈佛学院，1966年毕业于哈佛法律学校。他在27日下午发表毕业典礼主题演讲。 Harvard President Drew Faust hailed Souters deep sense of independence and fairness and clear concern for the effects of the courts decisions on the lives of real people in making the Commencement speaker announcement. She said his dedication, humility, and commitment to learning should be an inspiration to anyone contemplating a career in public service. Souter was also a Rhodes Scholar, earning an M.A. from Magdalen College in Oxford in 1963. Nominated by President George H.W. Bush, Souter came to the court after spending many years at posts in the New Hampshire legal system. Born in Massachusetts, he moved to New Hampshire as a boy. After graduating from Harvard Law School, he began his legal career in private practice. In 1968, he was named assistant attorney general of New Hampshire. In 1971, he became deputy attorney general, and, in 1976, attorney general. He became a state Superior Court associate justice two years later and was appointed to the state Supreme Court as an associate justice in 1983. He became a judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in 1990, shortly before his nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court. Thomas R. Cech Doctor of Science Thomas R. Cech , director of the Colorado Institute for Molecular Biotechnology at the University of Colorado, has made important contributions to understanding RNA, findings that won him the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989. Cech was awarded the Nobel for revelations that RNA, ribonucleic acid, has functions beyond its role as a carrier of genetic information. In a single-celled organism, Tetrahymena thermophila, Cech discovered that RNA can also function as an enzyme, a function that had previously been thought to be the exclusive domain of proteins. These RNA enzymes are called ribozymes. Cech grew up in Iowa and earned a bachelors degree in chemistry from Grinnell College in 1970. He received a doctorate in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley , and did postdoctoral research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . He joined the University of Colorado faculty in 1978 and became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator in 1988 and distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry in 1990. In 2000, Cech became the president of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and led that organization until 2009, when he returned to the University of Colorado as director of the Colorado Institute for Molecular Biotechnology. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Cech has won numerous awards and honors, including the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award in 1988, the National Medal of Science in 1995, and the Heineken Prize of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences in 1988. In 1987, Cech was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was awarded a lifetime professorship by the American Cancer Society. Rene C. Fox Doctor of Laws Rene C. Fox s studies in the sociology of medicine, medical ethics, medical research, and medical education have led her to Belgium, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, and the United States, and have resulted in nine books and numerous articles. Fox earned a doctorate in sociology from Harvard in 1954. She received a bachelors degree summa cum laude from Smith Colleg e. She joined the faculty at the University of Pennsylvania in 1969, where she is Annenberg Professor Emerita of the Social Sciences. Before joining the University of Pennsylvanias faculty, Fox was a member of the Columbia University Bureau of Applied Social Research . She taught for 12 years at Barnard College and then was a visiting lecturer for two years at Harvards Department of Social Relations. At Pennsylvania, she was a professor in the Sociology Department with joint secondary appointments in the Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, and in the School of Nursing. She also held an interdisciplinary chair as the Annenberg Professor of the Social Sciences. Her best-known books are Experiment Perilous: Physicians and Patients Facing the Unknown, The Courage to Fail: A Social View of Organ Transplants and Dialysis, Spare Parts: Organ Replacement in American Society, The Sociology of Medicine: A Participant Observers View, and In the Belgian Chateau: The Spirit and Culture of a European Society in an Age of Change. She is working on a book about her life as a sociologist. Fox is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She has received a Radcliffe Graduate School Medal and a Centennial Medal from the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. She has won several teaching awards, holds nine honorary degrees, and in 2007 received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities. Freeman A. Hrabowski III Doctor of Laws Freeman A. Hrabowski III is committed to rigorous academic standards and challenging students to excel. The president of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), who chose to fund a championship chess team at the school instead of a football program, has built a career devoted to education and to helping minorities succeed in science, technology, engineering, and math. In 1988 he co-founded the Meyerhoff Scholarship Program at UMBC with the goal of increasing the diversity of future leaders in science, technology, engineering, and related fields. Originally geared toward African-American males, the program has expanded to students of all races and both genders, and has been recognized by the National Science Foundation as a national model. Called a tireless academic cheerleader, he was associate dean of graduate studies and associate professor of statistics and research at Alabama AM University from 1976 to 1977. He was a professor of mathematics at Coppin State College in Baltimore for 10 years, and served as dean of arts and sciences from 1977 to 1981. He was the schools vice president for academic affairs from 1981 to 1987. He went to the UMBC as vice provost in 1987, and was appointed president in 1993. The son of teachers, Hrabowski was jailed for a week at age 12 after marching against school segregation in his home city of Birmingham, Ala. The experience taught me that the more we expect of children, the more they can do, he said in a 2008 interview with U.S. News World Report, which named him one of Americas best leaders. An early academic standout, he skipped two grades and graduated from high school at age 15. Four years later he graduated from Hampton Institute with the highest honors in mathematics. He received his masters in mathematics in 1971 and his Ph.D. in higher education administration and educational statistics in 1975 from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign . He is a member of several boards, including the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He is the co-author of Beating the Odds: Raising Academically Successful African American Males. In 2009, Time magazine named Hrabowski one of Americas 10 best college presidents. Susan Lindquist Doctor of Science Understanding how malformed proteins affect the human body, and how they are involved in evolution, is the realm of biologist Susan Lindquist , Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and professor of biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lindquist, an authority on the complex molecular phenomenon called protein folding, explores how misfolded proteins play a role in diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, Parkinsons, and Huntingtons. She uses yeast-based models of such protein-folded diseases to develop new approaches to therapy. One area of Lindquists research examines the chaperone heat shock proteins that assist in protein folding and help to buffer genetic mutations. When such chaperone systems are overwhelmed, misfolding and disease states can result. The former director of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research also has explored how such misfolded proteins affect some evolutionary changes. One implication of our work is that the protein-folding problem isnt always a problem, notes Lindquists lab home page. The very same types of misfoldings that cause dreadful diseases in some circumstances can have beneficial effects in others. The protein-folding problem is as ancient as life itself; it makes sense that evolution would occasionally, perhaps even often, use it to advantage. As a Radcliffe Fellow in 2007-08, Lindquist continued her investigations into the connections between genomics and medicine. Lindquist received her undergraduate degree in microbiology from the University of Illinois in 1971. She received her Ph.D. in biology from Harvard University in 1976. In 1999 she was named the Albert D. Lasker Professor of Medical Sciences at the University of Chicago. Her awards include the Dickson Prize in Medicine, the Centennial Medal of the Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Otto-Warburg Prize, and the Genetics Society of America Medal. She is an associate member of the Broad Institute, a member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences. She is the co-founder of the Cambridge-based FoldRx Pharmaceuticals Inc. Thomas Nagel Doctor of Laws American philosopher of the mind Thomas Nagel is known for What Is It Like to Be a Bat? This rumination on the idea of consciousness and the limits of science for explaining it was published in the October 1974 issue of The Philosophical Review. The article articulates a central concern of Nagel, who said that humans instinctually want to make sense of the world, but adopting a unified, purely objective worldview can lead to error. In fact, relying on scientific objectivity alone leaves out some essential component of understanding ourselves. Since 1980, Nagel has taught at New York University , where he is University Professor of Philosophy and Law. His other interests include political philosophy and ethics. He published his first philosophy paper in 1959 and his first book, The Possibility of Altruism, in 1970. Subsequent books include Moral Questions (1979), What Does It All Mean? (1987), The Myth of Ownership: Taxes and Justice (2002, with Liam Murphy), and the recent Secular Philosophy and Religious Temperament (2009), a book of essays. Nagel was born in 1937 in Belgrade, in present-day Serbia, and as a young child moved to the United States. He earned a B.A. in 1958 from Cornell University , a B.Phil. from Corpus Christi College, Oxford , in 1960, and a Ph.D. from Harvard, where he was a student of philosopher John Rawls , in 1963. He taught at the University of California, Berkeley, (1963-66) and at Princeton University (1966-80) and has lectured at Stanford , Oxford , Johns Hopkins , Harvard, and Yale universities. In 2008, Nagel received both the Rolf Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy and the Balzan Prize in Moral Philosophy. Nagel is a fellow of the American Academy of Sciences, a corresponding fellow of the British Academy, and a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 2008, he received an honorary D.Litt. from Oxford. David G. Nathan Doctor of Science David G. Nathan , the Robert A. Stranahan Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School , former physician-in-chief at Harvard-affiliated Childrens Hospital , and former president of the Harvard-affiliated Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , has had a career of discovery, teaching, and leadership that has not only pushed back the frontiers of knowledge of blood-based disorders but also fostered a generation of leaders who are guiding the field into the future. Nathan, who graduated from Harvard College in 1951 and from Harvard Medical School in 1955, is an authority on blood disorders. His discoveries have shed light on anemia and the hemoglobin disorder thalassemia. He won the National Medal of Science in 1990 for his contributions to the understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia; for his contributions to the understanding of disorders of red cell permeability; for his contributions to the understanding of the regulation of erythropoiesis; and for his contributions to the training of a generation of hematologists and oncologists. Nathan has won many awards and honors over his career, including the John Howland Medal of the American Pediatric Society and the Kober Medal of the Association of American Physicians. He is one of three physicians to win both. Nathans medical career began as an intern and senior resident at what was then the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. He spent two years as a clinical associate at the National Cancer Institute. From 1959 to 1966, he was a hematologist at Brigham Hospital, and then became chief of the Division of Hematology and Oncology at Childrens Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. In 1985, he was physician-in-chief at Childrens Hospital, a position he held until 1995, when he was named president of the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. He served as Dana-Farbers president until 2000. He is the author of Hematology of Infancy and Childhood, which is the leading text in the field. The Baroness Onora ONeill of Bengarve Doctor of Laws Scholar and politician Onora ONeill , Baroness ONeill of Bengarve, studied philosophy, psychology, and physiology at Oxford University before earning her philosophy doctorate at Harvard in 1969. Her mentor and dissertation adviser was American philosopher John Rawls, the one-time James Bryant Conant University Professor at Harvard whose signature work, A Theory of Justice is still a primary text in political philosophy. A native of Northern Ireland, ONeill has written widely and influentially on political philosophy and ethics, as well as on international justice, bioethics, media ethics, and the philosophy of Emmanuel Kant. Her work concerns issues of trust, consent, and respect for autonomy, in particular in the context of complex medical decision-making. A veteran instructor at universities in the United Kingdom and the United States, she teaches philosophy at the University of Cambridge , where she was principal at Newnham College from 1992 to 2006. ONeill is the author of seven books and co-author of an eighth. Her works include Acting on Principle (1975), Towards Justice and Virtue (1996), Bounds of Justice (2000), and Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics (2001), the last being her Gifford Lectures in book form. (The prestigious Gifford Lectures, a tradition at Scottish universities, are designed to explore the idea of natural theology, that is, theology supported by science.) ONeill, a life peer, is a crossbench (nonparty) member of the British House of Lords . She has served on committees concerning stem cell research, genomic medicine, and nanotechnology and food. ONeills advisory work reflects her academic interests. In the United Kingdom, she has been a member of the Animal Procedures Committee, the Human Genetics Advisory Commission, and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, which she chairs. Richard Serra Doctor of Arts Minimalist sculptor and experimental video artist Richard Serra is famous for his monumental works in steel a favorite medium and for his experimental films, beginning with Hand Catching Lead in 1968. He is associated with the process art movement of the mid-1960s. It celebrates the serendipity of art (the drip painting of Jackson Pollock, for instance) as well as the process of making art (rather than the art itself). His first sculptures in the 1960s were made out of nontraditional materials such as fiberglass, neon, and rubber. But he soon graduated to his lifelong fascination with metals. Born in 1939, Serra worked at steel mills to support himself while studying English literature at the University of California, Berkeley, and then at the University of California, Santa Barbara , where he received a bachelors degree. From 1961 to 1964, Serra studied painting at Yale University, earning both a B.F.A. and an M.F.A. From 1968 to 1970, he executed a series of splash pieces in which molten lead was splashed against walls. Serra moved to prop pieces, metal sculptures held together solely by balance and the force of gravity. In 1970, Serra began experimenting with large-scale sculptures that played off urban landscapes. Many were made of spirals and curving lines counterpoints to the right angles that dominate city skylines. He is best known for his looming minimalist constructions made from rolls of Cor-Ten steel. They were once dismissed as artifacts from an arrogant art world. Serras 120-foot-long Tilted Arc, installed in Manhattans Federal Plaza in 1981, was dismantled eight years later. But in 2007, The New York Times called Serra a titan of sculpture, one of the last great modernists. That year, four massive sculptures with the same whimsical curves were the centerpieces of a Serra retrospective at New Yorks Museum of Modern Art. Meryl Streep 好莱坞著名影星梅丽尔-斯特里普 Doctor of Arts 艺术博士学位 Academy Award-winning actress Meryl Streep has won fans around the world and the acting industrys highest awards for her versatility, her ability to master accents and personas, and her ease with both dramatic and comedic roles. Considered one of the countrys greatest living actresses, Streep has been nominated 16 times for an Oscar , winning two, and 25 times for a Golden Globe , winning seven. She is the most nominated performer for either award. Born in New Jersey in 1949, Streeps initial artistic interest was opera, but she eventually gravitated toward theater, graduating with a bachelors degree in drama from Vassar College in 1971. She earned an M.F.A. from the Yale School of Drama in 1975. Her early career involved the New York stage and included work with the New York Shakespeare Festival, as well as on Broadway. In 1978 she won an Emmy Award for her role in the television miniseries Holocaust. Streeps movie career blossomed with her role in the 1978 film The Deer Hunter. She received her first Academy Award nomination and has worked steadily in films since. Two years later she won the Academy Award for best supporting actress for her role as a struggling mother in Kramer vs. Kramer, and won for best actress in 1983 for her portrayal of a tormented Holocaust survivor in Sophies Choice. Streeps other films include The French Lieutenants Woman, Out of Africa, Silkwood, The River Wild, Adaptation, The Hours, The Devil Wears Prada, and Julie and Julia. Streep also is an environmental health activist. In 1989 she helped to found Mothers and Others, a consumer group advocating sustainable agriculture and increased pesticide regulations. Among her many honors are a Commandeur de lOrdre des Arts et des Lettres from the French government and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the ? American Film Institute .
在哈福大学2010毕业典礼上， Mary Anne Marks 用拉丁语做了哈佛的心，我们的心的演讲，收到一致好评。下面是我扫描的演讲英文和拉丁文材料。 Mary Anne Marks 相关背景材料： Q ueens, N.Y., native Mary Anne Marks is a classics and English joint concentrator who fell in love with the Latin language by studying Ciceros Catilinarian Orations. The links between Latin and Romance languages are fascinating, and, at the same time, Latin has the ability to say things in ways that are not available to Romance languages or to English, said Marks. I mused about ideas for the speech for weeks before setting pen to paper, and, once Id picked a topic, I consulted with friends and acquaintances from various departments to make sure it spoke to their experiences at Harvard. In the fall, Marks is headed to Ann Arbor, Mich., to enter a community of Catholic teaching nuns called the Dominican Sisters of Mary, Mother of the Eucharist, where after three years of classes in the convent on theological and ecclesiastical topics, shell attain a teaching certificate at a local university and teach in Catholic schools. Ive always thought about being a nun but came to Harvard planning to go to graduate school and perhaps also do some other things before entering, she recalled. I decided in January of last year to enter right after college, but a masters or Ph.D. is still a possibility. One of the exciting things about being a nun is that one never knows what the future holds!
标签: 毕业典礼
