美国科学家发现玻璃表面的奇特性（附原文） 诸平 据 2017 年 4 月 10 日 来自美国 宾夕法尼亚大学 （ University of Pennsylvania ）的消息，该大学的 研究人员 已经开发一种新技术，使用此项技术研究玻璃表面性质有 令人惊讶的 发现。图 1 是来自 宾夕法尼亚大学 的照片，此照片是处于玻璃表面病毒的 3D 图像。此项研究成果2016年12月12日， Alejandro Manjavacas 等人就已经在预印本文库网站公布 （ arXiv:1612.03733v1 ） ，2017年3月31日在《物理评论快报》（ Phys. Rev. Lett. ）网站发表。 Fig. 1 A 3D image of the virus on the glass surface. Credit: University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员开发出 此项 新技术 , 用于 研究不同类型的玻璃表面。使用这种技术 , 研究者 发现了 玻璃 顶层的一 种令人吃惊 的 性质 , 为开发 更好的玻璃材料铺平了道路。 这项研究是由宾夕法尼亚大学 文理学院 化学系研究生 张 悦 （ Yue Zhang 音译 ） 和化学助理教授 Zahra Fakhraai 领导完成的 。张 悦因为此项研究获得美国物理学会（ APS ） Padden 奖 , 表明在 聚合物物理研究 方面的卓越成果得到认可 。 晶体和液体之间的区别 就是 晶体有序 的 固体 , 而 液体 是 无序 的 可以 充满 任何容器 的 。但如果 使液体得到 充分冷却 , 即使变成固体，其分子 仍将是 处于 无序 运动 状态，只不过是运动速度 会慢下来 ， 这 就 是 像玻璃这样的材料 形成 了 非晶态材料。例如 , 蜂蜜在常温下是一种液体 , 但遇到冷 冻 时其属性变得更像一 种 固体。 宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员正在研究 界面 或表面 究竟怎样 影响 玻璃 的属性。根据 Fakhraai 的解释 , 当 对玻璃材料引入 一 种自由 表面 时 , 运动 会 再次加速乃至 传播到 此薄膜 。 虽然蜂蜜 看上去 似乎 是 固体 , 但是 分子 充其量也不过是 5 nm 或 10 nm而已, 仍将 保持 液体和 运动 。如果 将 一根针放在蜂蜜表面 上 , 它 会 下 沉 , 形成一个 弯液面 , 允许分子 在周围运动 , 而同样的针 如果放在固体表面就形成如此效应 。更多信息请浏览： Lateral Casimir Force on a Rotating Particle near a Planar Surface （点击可以下载原文）或者 Researchers discover a surprising property of glass surfaces April 10, 2017 A 3D image of the virus on the glass surface. Credit: University of Pennsylvania Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a new technique to study the surface of different types of glass. Using this technique, they discovered a surprising property of the top layer of glasses, which could pave the way to developing better glass materials. The research was led by Yue Zhang, a graduate student in the Department of Chemistry in Penn's School of Arts Sciences, and Zahra Fakhraai, assistant professor of chemistry. Zhang received an APS Padden Award for the research, which recognizes excellence in polymer physics research. The distinction between crystals and liquids is that, while crystals are ordered and solid, liquids are disordered and can move around to fill whatever container they are in. But if one were to cool a liquid sufficiently, it would remain disordered while the motion of its molecules would slow down so much that it would seem solid. This is how amorphous materials such as glasses form. Honey, for instance, is a liquid, but when it is refrigerated its properties become more like that of a solid. The Penn researchers were investigating how interfaces or surfaces, the boundaries between two phases of matter, would affect the properties of glasses. According to Fakhraai, when a free surface is introduced to the material, the motion speeds up again, which propagates into the film. Even though the honey would seem solid, the molecules in the top 5 or 10 nanometers would remain liquid and moving. If a needle were put on the surface of the honey, it would dip and form a meniscus, allowing the molecules to move around, whereas the same needle would have no effect on a solid. In a previous paper published in Soft Matter , the researchers shrunk this technique down to nanometer length scales using a virus as a needle and watched the surface molecules come in and slowly try to form a meniscus around the virus. While the molecules in the center of the material may take millions of years to move, for the molecules at the top it would be more like a few hundred seconds. A sketch showing the process of the glass forming a meniscus around the virus. Credit: University of Pennsylvania The technique that we developed is really exciting because in the field there are not many techniques to directly probe the surface motions, Zhang said. Our technique is very efficient and mathematically simple, and we can easily extend it to other systems. One of the most challenging aspects of developing the technique, Fakhraai said, was figuring out that they could use viruses to probe the materials. For a few years we tried to synthesize nanorods that looked like needles and were long and uniform enough, she said. Viruses are perfect because they have these crystalline structures that are exactly the right dimensions that we need. Thinking about the virus as a nanoparticle really helped us move forward. Using this technique , the researchers wanted to determine how the motion of the molecules on the free surface is coupled with the motion below. In particular, they wanted to see if the molecules on the surface would be affected if the motion of the molecules beneath them was sped up or slowed down. In another previous paper published in Physical Review Letters , the researchers used different deposition techniques to better pack the molecules and form stable glasses. This made everything extremely slow to the point that it would take longer than the age of the universe for molecules at the center to move. In their most recent paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , they sped everything up by making thinner films, which would have more of a free surface. Based on many different theories, we would have expected that the motions at the center and the free surface would be coupled together, Fakhraai said. The example I like to make is if you're say at the front of the parade and you're moving faster, things should follow you. But it doesn't happen that way. The immediate top layer doesn't really couple: Those molecules can move around without affecting whatever's happening behind them. Meniscus growth on unstable glass. Credit: University of Pennsylvania These results, she said, were surprising. While there were many different ideas of whether this correlation exists, no one had really measured it before. They found that, no matter what type of motion, the molecules at the top and the molecules at the center have no effect on each other. The researchers hope to be able to probe the second and third layers, which may be important in the densification process of the materials during deposition, which is the basis of making stable glasses and is of technological importance. Since the molecules at the first layer aren't affected by the motion of the molecules beneath them, the motion of the underlying layers become crucial in the process. We think that it's really the molecules at the second layer and third layer that are participating in this densification process, and the molecules at the free surface are just like a sea of free objects that can provide that mobility but don't necessarily participate in the process, Fakhraai said. They also hope to better understand the transition from the fast moving particles at the surface to the extremely slow moving molecules at the center. People standing at the front of a parade are free to move around, Fakhraai explained, but the deeper you go into the parade, motion becomes more constrained. The question is how deep the effect is and how that process comes about, Fakhraai said. How do I change from something that takes 100 seconds to move to something that takes billions of years? I think that's the next big challenge in the field: to understand that gradient. According to Fakhraai, investigating this process will allow researchers to not only better understand theories but to improve coatings on materials and design better amorphous materials . We understand what sets the clock in the middle of the film, but we don't know what sets the clock for those surface molecules , Fakhraai said. I think that's something to understand more in the future. Explore further: Scientists find the temperature at which glass becomes a liquid More information: Yue Zhang et al. Invariant Fast Diffusion on the Surfaces of Ultrastable and Aged Molecular Glasses, Physical Review Letters (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.066101 Yue Zhang et al. Using tobacco mosaic virus to probe enhanced surface diffusion of molecular glasses, Soft Matter (2016). DOI: 10.1039/C6SM01566B Yue Zhang et al. Decoupling of surface diffusion and relaxation dynamics of molecular glasses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2017). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701400114
Sling Exercise for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Yu-Shan Yue1, Xu-Dong Wang2, Bin Xie3, Zhong-Han Li4, Bing-Lin Chen5, Xue-Qiang Wang5*, Yi Zhu1* 1 Second School of Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2 Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 3 First School of Clinical Medical, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 4 Applied Health Science Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 5 Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China Xue-Qiang Wang mail , * E-mail: qiang897@163.com (X-QW); zhuyi1010@163.com (YZ) Abstract Background Trials on sling exercise (SE), commonly performed to manage chronic low back pain (LBP), yield conflicting results. This study aimed to review the effects of SE on chronic LBP. Methods The randomized controlled trials comparing SE with other treatments or no treatment, published up to August 2013, were identified by electronic searches. Primary outcomes were pain, function, and return to work. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated, using a random-effects model. Results Risk of bias was rated as high in 9 included trials, where some important quality components such as blinding were absent and sample sizes were generally small. We found no clinically relevant differences in pain or function between SE and other forms of exercise, traditional Chinese medical therapy, or in addition to acupuncture. Based on two trials, SE was more effective than thermomagnetic therapy at reducing pain (short-term: WMD –13.90, 95% CI –22.19 to –5.62; long-term: WMD –26.20, 95% CI –31.32 to –21.08) and improving function (short-term: WMD –10.54, 95% CI –14.32 to –6.75; long-term: WMD –25.75, 95% CI –30.79 to –20.71). In one trial we found statistically significant differences between SE and physical agents combined with drug therapy (meloxicam combined with eperisone hydrochloride) but of borderline clinical relevance for pain (short-term: WMD –15.00, 95% CI –19.64 to −10.36) and function (short-term: WMD −10.00; 95% CI −13.70 to −6.30). There was substantial heterogeneity among the two trials comparing SE and thermomagnetic therapy; both these trials and the trial comparing SE with physical agents combined with drug therapy had serious methodological limitations. Interpretation Based on limited evidence from 2 trials, SE was more effective for LBP than thermomagnetic therapy. Clinically relevant differences in effects between SE and other forms of exercise, physical agents combined with drug therapy, traditional Chinese medical therapy, or in addition to acupuncture could not be found. More high-quality randomized trials on the topic are warranted.
Rapid Microsatellite Identification from Illumina Paired-End Genomic Sequencing in Two Birds and a Snake http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030953 Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676207by TN Jennings - 2011 - Cited by 16 - Related articles Jun 16, 2011 – Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing. Jennings TN, Knaus BJ, Mullins TD, Haig SM, Cronn RC. Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel ... fresc.usgs.gov/products/papers/2550_Haig.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View by TN JENNINGS - Cited by 16 - Related articles Multiplexed microsatellite recovery using massively parallel sequencing ======================== Genomics. 1993 Oct;18(1):151-5. Isolation and characterization of 14 CA-repeat microsatellites from human chromosome 21. Bosch A, Nunes V, Patterson D, Estivill X. Source Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. Abstract Fourteen CA-repeat microsatellite polymorphisms from human chromosome 21 (HC21) (D21S364, D21S365, D21S366, D21S367, D21S368, D21S369, D21S406, D21S407, D21S408, D21S409, D21S410, D21S411, D21S415, and D21S1217) have been cloned from a flow-sorted phage library (LA21NS01). These microsatellite loci have been mapped using a somatic cell hybrid panel of HC21, and heterozygosities and allele frequencies have been determined. The markers spread along the length of the long arm of the HC21. Twelve of these microsatellites have heterozygosities between 0.47 and 0.90. These new CA-repeat markers will improve the genetic map of HC21. PMID: 8276404 ======================================= Using next-generation sequencing approaches to isolate simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in the plant sciences1 Juan E. Zalapa2,3,5, Hugo Cuevas4, Huayu Zhu3, Shawn Steffan2, Douglas Senalik2,3, Eric Zeldin3, Brent McCown3, Rebecca Harbut3 and Philipp Simon2,3 + Author Affiliations 2U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA 3Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA 4U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, 2200 P.A. Campos Ave. Suite 201, Mayaguez Puerto Rico 00680-5470 Received for publication 15 August 2011. Accepted for publication 19 October 2011. ABSTRACT The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for the development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite loci for genetic research in the botanical sciences is described. Microsatellite markers are one of the most informative and versatile DNA-based markers used in plant genetic research, but their development has traditionally been a difficult and costly process. NGS technologies allow the efficient identification of large numbers of microsatellites at a fraction of the cost and effort of traditional approaches. The major advantage of NGS methods is their ability to produce large amounts of sequence data from which to isolate and develop numerous genome-wide and gene-based microsatellite loci. The two major NGS technologies with emergent application in SSR isolation are 454 and Illumina. A review is provided of several recent studies demonstrating the efficient use of 454 and Illumina technologies for the discovery of microsatellites in plants. Additionally, important aspects during NGS isolation and development of microsatellites are discussed, including the use of computational tools and high-throughput genotyping methods. A data set of microsatellite loci in the plastome and mitochondriome of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is provided to illustrate a successful application of 454 sequencing for SSR discovery. In the future, NGS technologies will massively increase the number of SSRs and other genetic markers available to conduct genetic research in understudied but economically important crops such as cranberry.
PLOSONE 2012 A Comparison of EGFR Mutation Testing Methods in Lung Carcinoma: Direct Sequencing, Real-time PCR and Immunohistochemistry http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043842 Abstract The objective of this study is to compare two EGFR testing methodologies (a commercial real-time PCR kit and a specific EGFR mutant immunohistochemistry), with direct sequencing and to investigate the limit of detection (LOD) of both PCR-based methods. We identified EGFR mutations in 21 (16%) of the 136 tumours analyzed by direct sequencing. Interestingly, the Therascreen EGFR Mutation Test kit was able to characterize as wild-type one tumour that could not be analyzed by direct sequencing of the PCR product. We then compared the LOD of the kit and that of direct sequencing using the available mutant tumours. The kit was able to detect the presence of a mutation in a 1% dilution of the total DNA in nine of the 18 tumours (50%), which tested positive with the real-time quantitative PCR method. In all cases, EGFR mutation was identified at a dilution of 5%. Where the mutant DNA represented 30% of the total DNA, sequencing was able to detect mutations in 12 out of 19 cases (63%). Additional experiments with genetically defined standards (EGFR ΔE746-A750/+ and EGFR L858R/+) yielded similar results. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining with exon 19-specific antibody was seen in eight out of nine cases with E746-A750del detected by direct sequencing. Neither of the two tumours with complex deletions were positive. Of the five L858R-mutated tumours detected by the PCR methods, only two were positive for the exon 21-specific antibody. The specificity was 100% for both antibodies. The LOD of the real-time PCR method was lower than that of direct sequencing. The mutation specific IHC produced excellent specificity.
Flavonoid–metal complex is reported to exhibit a higher antioxidant activity than parent flavonoid. In this paper, experimental and theoretical methods are applied to study the antioxidant properties of quercetin and quercetin–Cr(III) complex, to find out the antioxidant activity variation and the role of Cr(III) ion on the antioxidant activity of the complex. Bond dissociation energy (BDE) and ionization potential (IP) of quercetin and the complex are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/LANL2DZ level. The experimental results show that the complex has a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than quercetin. The calculated results show that the complex displays lower BDE and IP than quercetin. The IP of the complex declines obviously, indicating that the Cr (III) ion has more impact on the electron donating ability than on the hydrogen atom transferring ability of the complex. Antioxidant property of quercetin-Cr(III) complex: the role of Cr(III) ion.pdf
题目是Peter Schweizer的一本书的名字，异常的正确。作者通过研究很多知名政治家、社会活动家等等（如the Clintons, Nancy Pelosi, the Kennedys, and Ralph Nader; commentators Michael Moore, Al Franken, Noam Chomsky, and Cornel West; entertainers or philanthropists Barbra Streisand and George Soros）的私人生活和公开讲话发现： They adopt one pose in public, but when it comes to what matters most in their own lives their property, their privacy, and their children--they jettison their liberal principles and adopt conservative ones.
Remarks by the President at the Democratic National Convention Time Warner Cable Arena Charlotte, North Carolina September 6, 2012 10:24 P.M. EDT MRS. OBAMA: I am so thrilled激动 and so honored荣幸 and so proud to introduce the love爱人 of my life一生, the father of our two girls, and the President of the United States of America -- Barack Obama. (Applause.) THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you. Thank you so much. AUDIENCE: Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! Four more years! THE PRESIDENT: Thank you so much. Thank you. (Applause.) Thank you very much, everybody. Thank you. Michelle, I love you so much. A few nights ago, everybody was reminded just what a lucky man I am. (Applause.) Malia and Sasha, we are so proud of you. And, yes, you do have to go to school in the morning. (Laughter.) And, Joe Biden, thank you for being the very best Vice President I could have ever hoped for, and being a strong and loyal忠诚 friend. (Applause.) Madam Chairwoman, delegates代表们, I accept your nomination提名 for President of the United States. (Applause.) Now, the first time I addressed this convention 大会in 2004, I was a younger man, a Senate candidate from Illinois, who spoke about hope -- not blind optimism, not wishful thinking, but hope in the face of difficulty; hope in the face of uncertainty; that dogged 躲闪faith in the future which has pushed this nation forward, even when the odds艰难 are great, even when the road is long. Eight years later, that hope has been tested by the cost of war, by one of the worst economic crises in history, and by political gridlock死结 that’s left us wondering whether it’s still even possible to tackle解决 the challenges问题 of our time. I know campaigns竞选 can seem small, even silly sometimes. Trivial琐碎 things become big distractions吸引. Serious issues become sound bites. The truth gets buried under an avalanche雪崩 of money and advertising. If you’re sick of hearing me approve this message, believe me, so am I. (Laughter and applause.) But when all is said and done -- when you pick up that ballot选票 to vote -- you will face the clearest choice of any time in a generation. Over the next few years, big decisions will be made in Washington on jobs, the economy, taxes and deficits赤字, energy, education, war and peace -- decisions that will have a huge impact on our lives and on our children’s lives for decades to come. And on every issue, the choice you face won’t just be between two candidates or two parties. It will be a choice between two different paths for America, a choice between two fundamentally根本 different visions for the future. Ours is a fight to restore 恢复the values that built the largest middle class and the strongest economy the world has ever known -- (applause) -- the values my grandfather defended追求 as a soldier in Patton’s Army, the values that drove my grandmother to work on a bomber assembly line装配线 while he was gone. They knew they were part of something larger -- a nation that triumphed 战胜over fascism法西斯 and depression; a nation where the most innovative businesses turned out the world’s best products. And everyone shared in that pride and success, from the corner office to the factory floor. My grandparents were given the chance to go to college, buy their own home, and fulfill 实现the basic bargain 原则at the heart of America’s story -- the promise that hard work will pay off, that responsibility will be rewarded, that everyone gets a fair shot and everyone does their fair share and everyone plays by the same rules from Main Street to Wall Street to Washington, D.C. (Applause.) And I ran for President because I saw that basic bargain slipping away. I began my career helping people in the shadow of a shuttered关闭 steel mill钢铁厂 at a time when too many good jobs were starting to move overseas. And by 2008, we had seen nearly a decade in which families struggled with costs that kept rising but paychecks 工资that didn’the; folks racking 积攒up more and more debt just to make the mortgage 抵押or pay tuition学费, put gas in the car or food on the table. And when the house of cards collapsed in the Great Recession, millions of innocent Americans lost their jobs, their homes, their life savings -- a tragedy from which we’re still fighting to recover. Now, our friends down in Tampa at the Republican Convention were more than happy to talk about everything they think is wrong with America. But they didn’t have much to say about how they’d make it right. (Applause.) They want your vote, but they don’t want you to know their plan. And that’s because all they have to offer is the same prescriptions they’ve had for the last 30 years -- Have a surplus? Try a tax cut. Deficit too high? Try another. Feel a cold coming on? Take two tax cuts, roll back some regulations and call us in the morning. (Applause.) Now, I’ve cut taxes for those who need it -- middle-class families, small businesses. But I don’t believe that another round of tax breaks for millionaires will bring good jobs to our shores or pay down our deficit. I don’t believe that firing teachers or kicking students off financial aid will grow the economy, or help us compete with the scientists and engineers coming out of China. (Applause.) After all we’ve been through, I don’t believe that rolling back regulations on Wall Street will help the small businesswoman expand or the laid-off construction worker keep his home. We have been there. We’ve tried that and we’re not going back. We are moving forward, America. (Applause.) Now, I won’t pretend the path I’m offering is quick or easy. I never have. You didn’t elect me to tell you what you wanted to hear. You elected me to tell you the truth. (Applause.) And the truth is it will take more than a few years for us to solve challenges that have built up over decades. It will require common effort and shared responsibility, and the kind of bold, persistent experimentation that Franklin Roosevelt罗斯福新政 pursued during the only crisis worse than this one. (Applause.) And, by the way, those of us who carry on his party’s legacy should remember that not every problem can be remedied with another government program or dictate独裁 from Washington. But know this, America -- our problems can be solved. (Applause.) Our challenges can be met. The path we offer may be harder, but it leads to a better place. And I’m asking you to choose that future. (Applause.) I’m asking you to rally around a set of goals for your country -- goals in manufacturing, energy, education, national security, and the deficit -- real, achievable plans that will lead to new jobs, more opportunity and rebuild this economy on a stronger foundation. That’s what we can do in the next four years -- and that is why I’m running for a second term as President of the United States. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: Four more years! Four more years! THE PRESIDENT: We can choose a future where we export more products and outsource 丢失fewer jobs. After a decade that was defined by what we bought and borrowed, we’re getting back to basics, and doing what America has always done best: We are making things again. (Applause.) I’ve met workers in Detroit and Toledo -- (applause) -- who feared they’d never build another American car. And today, they can’t build them fast enough, because we reinvented a dying auto industry that’s back on the top of the world. (Applause.) I’ve worked with business leaders who are bringing jobs back to America -- not because our workers make less pay, but because we make better products. Because we work harder and smarter than anyone else. (Applause.) I’ve signed trade agreements that are helping our companies sell more goods to millions of new customers -- goods that are stamped印记with three proud words: Made in America. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: U.S.A! U.S.A.! U.S.A.! THE PRESIDENT: And after a decade of decline, this country created over half a million manufacturing jobs in the last two and a half years. And now you have a choice: We can give more tax breaks to corporations that ship jobs overseas, or we can start rewarding companies that open new plants and train new workers and create new jobs here, in the United States of America. (Applause.) We can help big factories and small businesses double their exports, and if we choose this path, we can create a million new manufacturing jobs in the next four years. You can make that happen. You can choose that future. You can choose the path where we control more of our own energy. After 30 years of inaction, we raised fuel standards so that by the middle of the next decade, cars and trucks will go twice as far on a gallon of gas. (Applause.) We have doubled our use of renewable energy, and thousands of Americans have jobs today building wind turbines风车 and long-lasting batteries. In the last year alone, we cut oil imports by 1 million barrels a day -- more than any administration in recent history. And today, the United States of America is less dependent on foreign oil than at any time in the last two decades. (Applause.) So now you have a choice -- between a strategy that reverses this progress, or one that builds on 推进it. We’ve opened millions of new acres for oil and gas exploration in the last three years, and we’ll open more. But unlike my opponent, I will not let oil companies write决定 this country’s energy plan, or endanger our coastlines, or collect another $4 billion in corporate welfare from our taxpayers. We’re offering a better path. (Applause.) We’re offering a better path, where we -- a future where we keep investing in wind and solar and clean coal; where farmers and scientists harness new biofuels to power our cars and trucks; where construction workers build homes and factories that waste less energy; where we develop a hundred-year supply of natural gas that’s right beneath our feet. If you choose this path, we can cut our oil imports in half by 2020 and support more than 600,000 new jobs in natural gas alone. (Applause.) And, yes, my plan will continue to reduce the carbon pollution that is heating our planet -- because climate change is not a hoax欺骗. More droughts and floods and wildfires are not a joke玩笑. They are a threat to our children’s future. And in this election, you can do something about it. (Applause.) You can choose a future where more Americans have the chance to gain the skills they need to compete, no matter how old they are or how much money they have. Education was the gateway to opportunity for me. It was the gateway for Michelle. It was the gateway for most of you. And now more than ever, it is the gateway to a middle-class life. For the first time in a generation, nearly every state has answered our call to raise their standards for teaching and learning. Some of the worst schools in the country have made real gains in math and reading. Millions of students are paying less for college today because we finally took on a system that wasted billions of taxpayer dollars on banks and lenders. (Applause.) And now you have a choice -- we can gut挖肠子 education, or we can decide that in the United States of America, no child should have her dreams deferred because of a crowded classroom or a crumbling school. (Applause.) No family should have to set aside a college acceptance letter because they don’t have the money. No company should have to look for workers overseas because they couldn’t find any with the right skills here at home. That’s not our future. That is not our future. (Applause.) And government has a role in this. But teachers must inspire; principals校长 must lead; parents must instill灌输 a thirst for learning. And, students, you’ve got to do the work. (Applause.) And together, I promise you, we can out-educate and out-compete any nation on Earth. (Applause.) So help me. Help me recruit 100,000 math and science teachers within 10 years and improve early-childhood education. Help give 2 million workers the chance to learn skills at their community college that will lead directly to a job. (Applause.) Help us work with colleges and universities to cut in half the growth of tuition costs over the next 10 years. We can meet that goal together. You can choose that future for America. (Applause.) That’s our future. In a world of new threats and new challenges, you can choose leadership that has been tested and proven. Four years ago, I promised to end the war in Iraq. We did. (Applause.) I promised to refocus on the terrorists who actually attacked us on 9/11. And we have. (Applause.) We’ve blunted the Taliban’s momentum in Afghanistan, and in 2014, our longest war will be over. (Applause.) A new tower rises above the New York skyline; al Qaeda is on the path to defeat; and Osama bin Laden is dead. (Applause.) AUDIENCE: U.S.A.! U.S.A.! U.S.A.! THE PRESIDENT: Tonight, we pay tribute 感谢to the Americans who still serve in harm’s way. We are forever in debt to a generation whose sacrifice has made this country safer and more respected. We will never forget you. And so long as I’m Commander-in-Chief, we will sustain the strongest military the world has ever known. (Applause.) When you take off the uniform, we will serve you as well as you’ve served us -- because no one who fights for this country should have to fight for a job, or a roof over their heads, or the care that they need when they come home. (Applause.) Around the world, we’ve strengthened old alliances and forged new coalitions to stop the spread of nuclear weapons. We’ve reasserted巩固 our power across the Pacific and stood up to China on behalf of our workers. From Burma to Libya to South Sudan, we have advanced the rights and dignity of all human beings -- men and women; Christians and Muslims and Jews. (Applause.) But for all the progress that we’ve made, challenges remain. Terrorist plots must be disrupted. Europe’s crisis must be contained. Our commitment to Israel’s security must not waver, and neither must our pursuit of peace. (Applause.) The Iranian government must face a world that stays united against its nuclear ambitions. The historic change sweeping across the Arab world must be defined not by the iron fist of a dictator or the hate of extremists, but by the hopes and aspirations of ordinary people who are reaching for the same rights that we celebrate here today. (Applause.) So now we have a choice. My opponent and his running mate are new to foreign policy -- (laughter and applause) -- but from all that we’ve seen and heard, they want to take us back to an era of blustering吹嘘 and blundering马虎 that cost America so dearly昂贵. After all, you don’t call Russia our number-one enemy -- not al Qaeda -- Russia -- unless you’re still stuck in a Cold War mind warp歪曲. (Applause.) You might not be ready for diplomacy with Beijing if you can’t visit the Olympics without insulting our closest ally. (Applause.) My opponent said that it was "tragic" to end the war in Iraq. And he won’t tell us how he’ll end the war in Afghanistan. Well, I have -- and I will. (Applause.) And while my opponent would spend more money on military hardware that our Joint Chiefs don’t even want, I will use the money we’re no longer spending on war to pay down our debt and put more people back to work rebuilding roads and bridges and schools and runways. Because after two wars that have cost us thousands of live and over a trillion dollars, it’s time to do some nation-building right here at home. (Applause.) You can choose a future where we reduce our deficit without sticking it to the middle class. Independent experts say that my plan would cut our deficit by $4 trillion. And last summer I worked with Republicans in Congress to cut a billion dollars in spending -- because those of us who believe government can be a force for good should work harder than anyone to reform it so that it’s leaner and more efficient and more responsive to the American people. (Applause.) I want to reform the tax code so that it’s simple, fair, and asks the wealthiest households to pay higher taxes on incomes over $250,000 -- the same rate we had when Bill Clinton was President; the same rate when our economy created nearly 23 million new jobs, the biggest surplus in history and a whole lot of millionaires to boot. (Applause.) Now, I’m still eager to reach an agreement based on the principles of my bipartisan debt commission. No party has a monopoly on wisdom. No democracy works without compromise. I want to get this done, and we can get it done. But when Governor Romney and his friends in Congress tell us we can somehow lower our deficits by spending trillions more on new tax breaks for the wealthy, well, what did Bill Clinton call it -- you do the arithmetic. (Applause.) You do the math. (Applause.) I refuse to go along with that and as long as I’m President, I never will. (Applause.) I refuse to ask middle-class families to give up their deductions for owning a home or raising their kids just to pay for another millionaire’s tax cut. (Applause.) I refuse to ask students to pay more for college, or kick children out of Head Start programs, or eliminate health insurance for millions of Americans who are poor and elderly or disabled -- all so those with the most can pay less. I’m not going along with that. (Applause.) And I will never -- I will never -- turn Medicare into a voucher. (Applause.) No American should ever have to spend their golden years at the mercy of insurance companies. They should retire with the care and the dignity that they have earned. Yes, we will reform and strengthen Medicare for the long haul, but we’ll do it by reducing the cost of health care -- not by asking seniors to pay thousands of dollars more. (Applause.) And we will keep the promise of Social Security by taking the responsible steps to strengthen it, not by turning it over to Wall Street. (Applause.) This is the choice we now face. This is what the election comes down to. Over and over, we’ve been told by our opponents that bigger tax cuts and fewer regulations are the only way -- that since government can’t do everything, it should do almost nothing. If you can’t afford health insurance, hope that you don’t get sick. If a company releases toxic pollution into the air your children breathe, well, that’s the price of progress. If you can’t afford to start a business or go to college, take my opponent’s advice and borrow money from your parents. (Laughter and applause.) You know what, that’s not who we are. That’s not what this country’s about. As Americans, we believe we are endowed by our Creator with certain, inalienable rights -- rights that no man or government can take away. We insist on personal responsibility and we celebrate individual initiative. We’re not entitled to success -- we have to earn it. We honor the strivers, the dreamers, the risk-takers, the entrepreneurs who have always been the driving force behind our free enterprise system, the greatest engine of growth and prosperity that the world’s ever known. But we also believe in something called citizenship. (Applause.) Citizenship: a word at the very heart of our founding; a word at the very essence of our democracy; the idea that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations. We believe that when a CEO pays his autoworkers enough to buy the cars that they build, the whole company does better. (Applause.) We believe that when a family can no longer be tricked into signing a mortgage they can’t afford, that family is protected, but so is the value of other people’s homes and so is the entire economy. (Applause.) We believe the little girl who’s offered an escape from poverty by a great teacher or a grant for college could become the next Steve Jobs or the scientist who cures cancer or the President of the United States, and it is in our power to give her that chance. (Applause.) We know that churches and charities can often make more of a difference than a poverty program alone. We don’t want handouts for people who refuse to help themselves and we certainly don’t want bailouts for banks that break the rules. (Applause.) We don’t think that government can solve all of our problems, but we don’t think that government is the source of all of our problems -- any more than are welfare recipients, or corporations, or unions, or immigrants, or gays, or any other group we’re told to blame for our troubles. (Applause.) Because, America, we understand that this democracy is ours. We, the people, recognize that we have responsibilities as well as rights; that our destinies are bound together; that a freedom which asks only "what’s in it for me," a freedom without commitment to others, a freedom without love or charity or duty or patriotism is unworthy of our founding ideals and those who died in their defense. (Applause.) As citizens, we understand that America is not about what can be done for us; it’s about what can be done by us, together, through the hard and frustrating, but necessary work of self-government. That’s what we believe. (Applause.) So, you see, the election four years ago wasn’t about me. It was about you. (Applause.) My fellow citizens, you were the change. (Applause.) You’re the reason there’s a little girl with a heart disorder in Phoenix who will get the surgery she needs because an insurance company can’t limit her coverage. You did that. (Applause.) You’re the reason a young man in Colorado who never thought he’d be able to afford his dream of earning a medical degree is about to get that chance. You made that possible. (Applause.) You’re the reason a young immigrant who grew up here and went to school here and pledged allegiance to our flag will no longer be deported from the only country she’s ever called home -- (applause) -- why selfless soldiers won’t be kicked out of the military because of who they are or who they love; why thousands of families have finally been able to say to the loved ones who served us so bravely: “Welcome home." "Welcome home.” You did that. You did that. You did that. (Applause.) If you turn away now -- if you buy into the cynicism that the change we fought for isn’t possible, well, change will not happen. If you give up on the idea that your voice can make a difference, then other voices will fill the void -- the lobbyists and special interests; the people with the $10 million checks who are trying to buy this election and those who are making it harder for you to vote; Washington politicians who want to decide who you can marry, or control health care choices that women should be making for themselves. (Applause.) Only you can make sure that doesn’t happen. Only you have the power to move us forward. (Applause.) I recognize that times have changed since I first spoke to this convention. The times have changed, and so have I. I’m no longer just a candidate. I’m the President. (Applause.) And that means I know what it means to send young Americans into battle, for I have held in my arms the mothers and fathers of those who didn’t return. I’ve shared the pain of families who’ve lost their homes, and the frustration of workers who’ve lost their jobs. If the critics are right that I’ve made all my decisions based on polls, then I must not be very good at reading them. (Laughter.) And while I’m very proud of what we’ve achieved together, I’m far more mindful of my own failings, knowing exactly what Lincoln meant when he said, "I have been driven to my knees many times by the overwhelming conviction that I had no place else to go." (Applause.) But as I stand here tonight, I have never been more hopeful about America. Not because I think I have all the answers. Not because I’m nave about the magnitude of our challenges. I’m hopeful because of you. The young woman I met at a science fair who won national recognition for her biology research while living with her family at a homeless shelter -- she gives me hope. (Applause.) The autoworker who won the lottery after his plant almost closed, but kept coming to work every day, and bought flags for his whole town, and one of the cars that he built to surprise his wife -- he gives me hope. (Applause.) The family business in Warroad, Minnesota, that didn’t lay off a single one of their 4,000 employees when the recession hit, even when their competitors shut down dozens of plants, even when it meant the owner gave up some perks and some pay because they understood that their biggest asset was the community and the workers who had helped build that business -- they give me hope. (Applause.) I think about the young sailor I met at Walter Reed hospital, still recovering from a grenade attack that would cause him to have his leg amputated above the knee. Six months ago, we would watch him walk into a White House dinner honoring those who served in Iraq, tall and 20 pounds heavier, dashing in his uniform, with a big grin微笑 on his face, sturdy on his new leg. And I remember how a few months after that I would watch him on a bicycle, racing with his fellow wounded warriors on a sparkling spring day, inspiring other heroes who had just begun the hard path he had traveled -- he gives me hope. He gives me hope. (Applause.) I don’t know what party these men and women belong to. I don’t know if they’ll vote for me. But I know that their spirit defines us. They remind me, in the words of Scripture, that ours is a "future filled with hope." And if you share that faith with me -- if you share that hope with me -- I ask you tonight for your vote. (Applause.) If you reject the notion that this nation’s promise is reserved for the few, your voice must be heard in this election. If you reject the notion that our government is forever beholden to the highest bidder, you need to stand up in this election. (Applause.) If you believe that new plants and factories can dot our landscape, that new energy can power our future, that new schools can provide ladders of opportunity to this nation of dreamers; if you believe in a country where everyone gets a fair shot, and everyone does their fair share, and everyone plays by the same rules -- then I need you to vote this November. (Applause.) America, I never said this journey would be easy, and I won’t promise that now. Yes, our path is harder, but it leads to a better place. Yes, our road is longer, but we travel it together. We don’t turn back. We leave no one behind. We pull each other up. We draw strength from our victories, and we learn from our mistakes, but we keep our eyes fixed on that distant horizon, knowing that Providence is with us, and that we are surely blessed to be citizens of the greatest nation on Earth. Thank you. God bless you. (Applause.) And God bless these United States. (Applause.)
The initiative will support the development of computational tools, software, new methods for material characterization, and the development of open standards and databases that will make the process of discovery and development of advanced materials faster, less expensive, and more predictable. Specific goals for the Materials Genome Initiative focus on developing: Materials for national security, including high strength, lightweight alloys for transportation systems Materials for human health and welfare, including protective gear for increased safety Materials for clean energy systems, including synthetic materials that replicate photosynthesis Ceder on MGI: ‘Materials scientists are hungry for data’ http://ceramics.org/ceramictechtoday/2012/03/23/ceder-on-mgi-materials-scientists-are-hungry-for-data/ Materials Genome Initiative: A Renaissance of American Manufacturing http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/06/24/materials-genome-initiative-renaissance-american-manufacturing Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) http://www.brown.edu/conference/mgi-town-meeting/ MGI forum http://www.mgiforum.org/
The ecological community has been pivotal to the development of synthesis research – research that combines data, models, and ideas from multiple scientific disciplines to solve problems. It has also embraced transdisciplinary approaches to address challenges facing coupled human-natural systems. Today the breadth and importance of scholarship targeting these challenges is expanding at an astonishing rate. SESYNC was conceived to support and extend this expansion through transdisciplinary environmental synthesis. MissionThe National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center ("SESYNC") will foster actionable synthesis research and education related to the structure, functioning, and sustainability of socio-environmental systems. PhilosophyThe center is grounded in the philosophy that today's environmental problems can only be solved when natural and social scientists work with policy-makers to identify priorities and co-develop research questions. Addressing these questions will require a combination of fundamental, discovery-driven synthesis research combined with directed, translational scholarship. Effective and leading-edge socio-environmental synthesis emerges when the insights, ideas and innovations of a diverse research community are nourished with technological and organizational support. SESYNC will provide that support, including the substantial computational and operational support required to facilitate the novel methods and increasingly large and diverse scope required of socio-environmental synthesis. Context and PartnersThe National Science Foundation awarded funding for the Center to the University of Maryland (UM), with additional support coming from UM, the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) and Resources for the Future (RFF). SESYNC will host researchers engaged in synthesis activities at its facility in Annapolis, MD and RFF's office in Washington, DC. Other partners central to the visioning and development of the center proposal include social scientists, educational scholars and computer and sustainability scientists from: University of Michigan; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ (Germany); Environment for Development Initiative (EfD) at the University of Gothenburg (Sweden); Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies; Gallaudet University; Washington State University-Vancouver; and Coppin State University. External Advisory Board (EAB)The EAB broadly represents the needs and interests of the user community. These advisers include many of the world’s leading scholars in areas relevant to SESYNC’s mission. The EAB will have approximately 16-20 members to accommodate the anticipated workload, reflect the breadth of disciplines involved, and promote diversity with respect to race, gender, disability status, and ethnicity. SESYNC is supported by an award from the US National Science Foundation (Grant # DBI-1052875) to the University of Maryland, with additional support from University of Maryland, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, and Resources for the Future. 1 Park Place, Suite 300, Annapolis, MD 21401 2012 National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) var _gaq = _gaq || ); _gaq.push( ); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script') ; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); var mpq= );(function(){var b,a,e,d,c;b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src=(document.location.protocol==="https:"?"https:":"http:")+"//api.mixpanel.com/site_media/js/api/mixpanel.js";a=document.getElementsByTagName("script") ;a.parentNode.insertBefore(b,a);e=function(f){return function(){mpq.push( .concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}};d= ;for(c=0;cd.length;c++){mpq ]=e(d )}})(); Log in
标签: property
