AAAS/Science 征集 神经生物学奖 昨天收到一封关于 AAAS/Science 征集2013年 神经生物学奖的 电子邮件。 The Eppendorf Science Prize for Neurobiology : Prize money: US$25,000 Next application deadline: June 15, 2013 http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/data/prizes/eppendorf/howto.xhtml The Eppendorf Science Prize for Neurobiology acknowledges the increasingly active and important role of neurobiology in advancing our understanding of the functioning of the brain and the nervous system -- a quest that seems destined for dramatic expansion in the coming decades. This international prize, established in 2002, encourages the work of promising young neurobiologists by providing support in the early stages of their careers. It is awarded annually for the most outstanding neurobiological research by a young scientist of 35 years of age or younger, as described in a 1,000-word essay based on research performed during the past three years. The winner of the Eppendorf and Science Prize for Neurobiology is awarded US$25,000 and publication of his or her essay in Science . The essay and those of up to three finalists are also published on Science Online. The award is announced and presented at a ceremony concurrent with the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in the USA. Eppendorf provides financial support to help enable the grand prize winner and finalists to attend the event. The 2012 winner of the Eppendorf and Science Prize for Neurobiology and their research http://www.sciencemag.org/site/feature/data/prizes/eppendorf/winning.xhtml
利用汤森路透科技集团的基本科学指标库(Essential Science Indicators)2004-2010间的高被引论文及其同被引聚类分析,通过同被引而密切关联的相关论文聚类形成若干个科学研究领域,由此绘制科学文献所反映的科学研究结构地图, 讨论科学发展的基本格局。通过研究和揭示科学结构及其演化,为各领域研究提供一种思考问题、发现潜在交叉学科、 “热点”领域。 /******************************************************************/ 第一部分: RA 4 的基本信息 /******************************************************************/ RA ID: 4 RA 的名称 成人神经干细胞对于成年神经再生的重要意义 RA 的关键词 neural stem cells; in the; in the adult; adult neurogenesis; stem cells; hippocampal neurogenesis; neural stem; adult hippocampal neurogenesis; adult hippocampal; the adult 包含 RF 数 (Hot RF 数 ) 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 7(5) 60 2702 5495 2006.9 该 RA 中包含 RF 的图谱 成年神经再生的调控机制、功能性意义以及对病理学的贡献 RA 概述 神经干细胞 (neural stem cell , NSC) 是近期神经生物科学领域和脑科学领域的热点,目前主要分为胚胎神经干细胞和成人神经干细胞两大领域。其中成人神经干细胞代表了最近十年最惊人的发现之一。它为神经干细胞的应用提供了更为广阔的前景。相当长时间以来,人们认为成年大脑的再生能力非常有限。现在研究发现神经再生是成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统中普遍存在的现象,妊娠也可以影响成年神经细胞再生。在成年大脑中存在着神经干细胞聚焦区,这些成人神经干细胞对于成年神经再生具有重要意义。由成人神经干细胞生成的新生神经元具有电生理功能,不仅能够对损伤的大脑进行修复,而且可能参与记忆和学习等高级神经功能。目前已有成人神经干细胞自体移植治疗脑损伤的初步临床研究。 /******************************************************************/ 第二部分: RA 4 包含的 7 个 RF 的基本信息 /******************************************************************/ RF ID: 7550 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 40 1391 3544 2007.2 No RF 的关键词 spatial relational memory; hippocampal adult neurogenesis; adult hippocampal neurogenesis; failing adult hippocampal neurogenesis; adult neurogenesis; adult dentate gyrus form functional synapses RF ID: 9825 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 6 121 287 2008.3 Yes RF 的关键词 periventricular neural stem cells; adult neural stem cells; neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture; adult svz stem cells lie; cd133(+) neural stem cells RF ID: 12449 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 4 628 866 2004.2 No RF 的关键词 radial glia serve; adult neural stem cells; adult dentate gyrus; adult mouse forebrain; germinal zone RF ID: 6811 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 4 381 527 2006.0 Yes RF 的关键词 adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis neuronal fate determinants; neural stem cells; adult brain; adult svz; pdgfr alpha-positive b cells RF ID: 13516 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 2 490 623 2005.5 Yes RF 的关键词 adult neurogenesis; mammalian central nervous system; functional plasticity; neuronal circuits RF ID: 15285 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 2 204 251 2006.0 Yes RF 的关键词 hippocampal neurogenesis stress-antidepressant treatment opposing effects; regulation RF ID: 11796 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 2 327 393 2005.0 Yes RF 的关键词 wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis; quiescent adult neural stem cell sonic hedgehog response invivo analysis /******************************************************************/ 第三部分: 7 个 RF 的核心论文详细列表 /******************************************************************/ RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 7550 40 1391 3544 2007.2 No RF 的关键词 spatial relational memory; hippocampal adult neurogenesis; adult hippocampal neurogenesis; failing adult hippocampal neurogenesis; adult neurogenesis; adult dentate gyrus form functional synapses 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis 253 2008 CELL ZHAO CM Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated granule cells of the adult hippocampus 250 2004 NATURE SCHMIDT-HIEBER C Univ Freiburg, Germany gaba regulates synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain 217 2006 NATURE GE SY Johns Hopkins Univ, USA a role for adult neurogenesis in spatial long-term memory 181 2005 NEUROSCIENCE SNYDER JS Univ Toronto, Canada excitation-neurogenesis coupling in adult neural stem/progenitor cells 181 2004 NEURON DEISSEROTH K Stanford Univ, USA gabaergic excitation promotes neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal progenitor cells 172 2005 NEURON TOZUKA Y Univ Tokyo, Japan distinct morphological stages of dentate granule neuron maturation in the adult mouse hippocampus 168 2006 J NEUROSCI ZHAO CM Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant drugs have different but coordinated effects on neuronal turnover, proliferation, and survival in the adult dentate gyrus 167 2005 J NEUROSCI SAIRANEN M Univ Helsinki, Finland potential role for adult neurogenesis in the encoding of time in new memories 162 2006 NAT NEUROSCI AIMONE JB Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning? 147 2006 HIPPOCAMPUS LEUNER B Rutgers State Univ, USA ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis impairs contextual fear conditioning and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus 128 2006 PROC NAT ACAD SCI USA SAXE MD Columbia Univ, USA preferential incorporation of adult-generated granule cells into spatial memory networks in the dentate gyrus 120 2007 NAT NEUROSCI KEE N Hosp Sick Children, Canada inhibition of neurogenesis interferes with hippocampus-dependent memory function 116 2006 HIPPOCAMPUS WINOCUR G Baycrest Ctr Geriatr Care, Canada hippocampal neurogenesis is not required for behavioral effects of environmental enrichment 116 2006 NAT NEUROSCI MESHI D Columbia Univ, USA nmda-receptor-mediated, cell-specific integration of new neurons in adult dentate gyrus 108 2006 NATURE TASHIRO A Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression 100 2007 NAT NEUROSCI SAHAY A Columbia Univ, USA a critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain 86 2007 NEURON GE SY Johns Hopkins Univ, USA synapse formation on neurons born in the adult hippocampus 79 2007 NAT NEUROSCI TONI N Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA gaba sets the tempo for activity-dependent adult neurogenesis 69 2007 TRENDS NEUROSCI GE SY Johns Hopkins Univ, USA a role for adult tlx-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour 69 2008 NATURE ZHANG CL Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA experience-specific functional modification of the dentate gyrus through adult neurogenesis: a critical period during an immature stage 64 2007 J NEUROSCI TASHIRO A 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, USA neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus form functional synapses with target cells 60 2008 NAT NEUROSCI TONI N Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA roles of continuous neurogenesis in the structural and functional integrity of the adult forebrain 60 2008 NAT NEUROSCI IMAYOSHI I Kyoto Univ, Japan in vivo fate analysis reveals the multipotent and self-renewal capacities of sox2(+) neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus 59 2007 CELL STEM CELL SUH H Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA behavioral effects of chronic fluoxetine in balb/cj mice do not require adult hippocampal neurogenesis or the serotonin 1a receptor 58 2008 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY HOLICK KA Columbia Univ, USA ketamine-induced neuronal cell death in the perinatal rhesus monkey 49 2007 TOXICOL SCI SLIKKER W US FDA, USA chronic fluoxetine stimulates maturation and synaptic plasticity of adult-born hippocampal granule cells 41 2008 J NEUROSCI WANG JW Columbia Univ, USA early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort 37 2009 ANESTHESIOLOGY WILDER RT Mayo Clin, USA isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain of nonhypoglycemic mice 32 2008 J NEUROSURG ANESTHESIOL JOHNSON SA Washington Univ, USA the contribution of failing adult hippocampal neurogenesis to psychiatric disorders 27 2008 CURR OPIN PSYCHIATRY KEMPERMANN G Tech Univ Dresden, Germany dentate gyrus-specific knockdown of adult neurogenesis impairs spatial and object recognition memory in adult rats 21 2009 LEARN MEMORY JESSBERGER S Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA spatial relational memory requires hippocampal adult neurogenesis 20 2008 PLOS ONE DUPRET D Inst F Magendie, France a functional role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in spatial pattern separation 20 2009 SCIENCE CLELLAND CD Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA computational influence of adult neurogenesis on memory encoding 19 2009 NEURON AIMONE JB Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects of fluoxetine in an animal model of anxiety/depression 19 2009 NEURON DAVID DJ Univ Paris Sud, France behavior and development in children and age at the time of first anesthetic exposure 16 2009 ANESTHESIOLOGY KALKMAN CJ Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Netherlands inhibition of p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates isoflurane-mediated neuronal apoptosis in the neonatal central nervous system 15 2009 ANESTHESIOLOGY HEAD BP Univ Calif San Diego, USA adult hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation, functional implications, and contribution to disease pathology 14 2009 NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV BALU DT Univ Penn, USA effect of hypercarbia and isoflurane on brain cell death and neurocognitive dysfunction in 7-day-old rats 12 2009 ANESTHESIOLOGY STRATMANN G Univ Calif San Francisco, USA isoflurane differentially affects neurogenesis and long-term neurocognitive function in 60-day-old and 7-day-old rats 12 2009 ANESTHESIOLOGY STRATMANN G Univ Calif San Francisco, USA RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 9825 6 121 287 2008.3 Yes RF 的关键词 periventricular neural stem cells; adult neural stem cells; neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture; adult svz stem cells lie; cd133(+) neural stem cells 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 a specialized vascular niche for adult neural stem cells 74 2008 CELL STEM CELL TAVAZOIE M Columbia Univ, USA adult svz stem cells lie in a vascular niche: a quantitative analysis of niche cell-cell interactions 65 2008 CELL STEM CELL SHEN Q New York Neural Stem Cell Inst, USA neural stem cells confer unique pinwheel architecture to the ventricular surface in neurogenic regions of the adult brain 51 2008 CELL STEM CELL MIRZADEH Z Univ Calif San Francisco, USA cd133(+) neural stem cells in the ependyma of mammalian postnatal forebrain 46 2008 PROC NAT ACAD SCI USA COSKUN V Univ Calif Los Angeles, USA forebrain ependymal cells are notch-dependent and generate neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke 31 2009 NAT NEUROSCI CARLEN M Karolinska Inst, Sweden identity crisis for adult periventricular neural stem cells: subventricular zone astrocytes, ependymal cells or both? 20 2009 NAT REV NEUROSCI CHOJNACKI AK Univ Calgary, Canada RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 12449 4 628 866 2004.2 No RF 的关键词 radial glia serve; adult neural stem cells; adult dentate gyrus; adult mouse forebrain; germinal zone 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 gfap-expressing progenitors are the principal source of constitutive neurogenesis in adult mouse forebrain 238 2004 NAT NEUROSCI DENISE A Univ Calif Los Angeles, USA radial glia serve as neuronal progenitors in all regions of the central nervous system 233 2004 NEURON ANTHONY TE Rockefeller Univ, USA radial glia give rise to adult neural stem cells in the subventricular zone 219 2004 PROC NAT ACAD SCI USA MERKLE FT Univ Calif San Francisco, USA cell types, lineage, and architecture of the germinal zone in the adult dentate gyrus 176 2004 J COMP NEUROL SERI B Univ Calif San Francisco, USA RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 6811 4 381 527 2006.0 Yes RF 的关键词 adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis neuronal fate determinants; neural stem cells; adult brain; adult svz; pdgfr alpha-positive b cells 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 neuronal fate determinants of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis 181 2005 NAT NEUROSCI HACK MA GSF, Germany origin of oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone of the adult brain 121 2006 J NEUROSCI MENN B Univ Calif San Francisco, USA mosaic organization of neural stem cells in the adult brain 115 2007 SCIENCE MERKLE FT Univ Calif San Francisco, USA pdgfr alpha-positive b cells are neural stem cells in the adult svz that form glioma-like growths in response to increased pdgf signaling 110 2006 NEURON JACKSON EL Univ Calif San Francisco, USA RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 13516 2 490 623 2005.5 Yes RF 的关键词 adult neurogenesis; mammalian central nervous system; functional plasticity; neuronal circuits 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 adult neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system 359 2005 ANNU REV NEUROSCI MING GL Johns Hopkins Univ, USA adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits 264 2006 NAT REV NEUROSCI LLEDO PM Inst Pasteur, France RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 15285 2 204 251 2006.0 Yes RF 的关键词 hippocampal neurogenesis stress-antidepressant treatment opposing effects; regulation 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 hippocampal neurogenesis: opposing effects of stress and antidepressant treatment 130 2006 HIPPOCAMPUS WARNER-SCHMIDT JL 34 Pk St, USA hippocampal neurogenesis: regulation by stress and antidepressants 121 2006 BIOL PSYCHIAT DRANOVSKY A Columbia Univ, USA RF ID 核心论文数 被引用篇数 总被引次数 平均出版年 是否为热点 11796 2 327 393 2005.0 Yes RF 的关键词 wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis; quiescent adult neural stem cell sonic hedgehog response invivo analysis 论文题目 被引 年份 刊名 第一作者 第一机构、国家 wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis 242 2005 NATURE LIE DC Salk Inst Biol Studies, USA in vivo analysis of quiescent adult neural stem cells responding to sonic hedgehog 151 2005 NATURE AHN S NICHHD, USA
转发别人的博客,感觉很有趣,特别棒 有些行为是天生的,有些可为后天改变; 动物求偶是天生的,经历可变求偶强弱。 谁求谁?一般来说,对后代投入较少(或者不投入)的性别,追求产后对后代投入较多的性别。虽然多数动物是雄性追求雌性,也有例外:少数动物雄性对后代关爱很多,那些种动物的雌性就比较在意追求雄性。 有追求,就有竞争,也有失败,动物也会失恋。 对雄性来说,失恋对个体可能不是好事,但可能对群体是好事,也可能说明雌性比较“忠贞”。我们可以看看老鼠和果蝇的不同情形:在实验室常用的老鼠中(不是所有种系),雌老鼠与雄老鼠交配、而怀孕后,在一些天内,雌鼠如果遇到第二只雄鼠,雌鼠会自动流产,再和第二只雄鼠交配。而实验室常用的果蝇不是这样。雌蝇与雄蝇交配后,如果再来第二只雄蝇,无论他多么热情、多么健壮、多么…,她拒绝第三者插足,不仅逃开、还用后腿踢他。进化中为什么出现较“忠贞”雌性的果蝇、较“随意”型雌性的老鼠,是研究进化的生物学家的问题,而神经生物学家关注的是机理。 对群体是好事,对具体的雄性就不一定。比如,捷足先登的雄果蝇首先交配雌果蝇后,可以放心大胆地离开去干其他事情。而如果是第二只雄蝇,不知道雌蝇已经交配、或者知道但没有其他机会,不幸追交配过的雌蝇,而被名花有主的雌蝇不客气地反复拒绝、甚至暴力教训后,那就有点惨了。饱受挫折后,如果再遇到挺乐意被追的处女果蝇,他也打不起精神来,不愿追雌性。雄果蝇的这种行为变化,是Brandeis大学的Siegel和Hall于1979年发现的,学名为求偶条件化(courtship conditioning),也称为求偶学习(courtship learning),当然这是负学习,雄蝇天生碰到雌蝇就会求偶,而被拒绝后学会少求偶、不求偶。 雌蝇为什么交配后拒绝雄蝇?是她有忠贞不移的天性?还是第一只雄蝇的计谋?前些年的研究表明,第一只成功交配雌蝇的雄蝇在将生殖细胞送给雌蝇的同时,液体中夹带了一个蛋白质分子,它刺激雌蝇的神经系统,导致雌蝇以后不愿交配。 第二只倒霉的雄蝇失恋以后,如何学得不追雌蝇?前人的研究表明,第一只交配成功的雄蝇,在交配时还干过第二件事,他将自己体表的一种雄性特有的小分子cVA粘到雌蝇体表,导致第二只雄蝇倒胃口,cVA本身抑制雄蝇交配。第一只雄蝇双管齐下、内外夹攻,改变了雌蝇、也影响以后以第三者身份试图交配的其他雄蝇。 失恋的雄蝇脑如何学得不追雌蝇?Brandeis大学生化系主任Griffith等实验室的几个实验表明,雄蝇脑内一个称为蘑菇体的结构起作用。因为研究果蝇的人多年来已知蘑菇体对嗅觉记忆非常重要,而已知挥发性分子cVA刺激嗅觉,所以发现蘑菇体参与求偶学习,较易理解。 我实验室最近研究雄蝇求偶学习的机理,乃从另一研究穿插过来。我们研究动物的社会行为,包括果蝇、老鼠和人。清华本科毕业、通过科学院生物物理所加入我实验室的研究生周传,研究了神经递质鱆胺在果蝇打架中起重要作用,他为第一作者于2008年发表的Nature Neuroscience论文表明,如果没有鱆胺,雄蝇对打降低、雌蝇对打也降低,所以,鱆胺不分性别在两性中都参与打架行为。鱆胺是递质分子,从一个神经细胞分泌后,作用于下一个细胞膜表面的受体。周传希望找到鱆胺下游的受体分子中哪个参与打架。果蝇有四个鱆胺受体,周传首先选了1998年被韩裔美国人发现的OAMB。结果他发现OAMB不参与打架,但我们已对OAMB做了一些相关工作,为了不浪费这些努力,周传寻找OAMB还可能起的作用,试了以后发现,OAMB参与求偶学习,这样阴差阳错地,我实验室一位研究生开始和其他实验室合作研究了果蝇失恋的分子机理。 周传发现,鱆胺对于求偶学习是必需的。如果缺失TbH基因,雄蝇就不能合成鱆胺。这样的雄蝇在追求已交配雌蝇失败后,不能学会减少求偶,如果给他一只处女蝇,他像没事似的追。如果用转基因把合成酶的基因导入突变雄蝇,他追已交配雌蝇后沮丧地不追处女蝇,也就是有正常的求偶学习。如果通过遗传学方法短暂地抑制鱆胺能神经细胞释放递质分子,也可以使雄蝇不能求偶学习。缺失基因的实验,雄蝇一生都缺乏TbH,不能确定基因什么时候影响行为。而抑制递质释放的实验,可以很好地控制时间(精确到数秒),这样周传发现鱆胺能神经细胞只在求偶学习的学习期起作用。就是说,在已交配雌蝇教训雄蝇时,需要雄蝇脑内的鱆胺能神经细胞开展工作,才能使雄蝇以后减少求偶。 雄蝇希望交配雌蝇,是受雌蝇的吸引。雄蝇受教训后不追处女蝇,是因为不受处女吸引吗?周传发现不是,因为缺乏TbH基因的雄蝇照常被雌蝇吸引,只是不能接受已交配雌蝇的教训。因此,周传假设鱆胺起的作用是介导雄蝇涂在雌蝇身上的cVA之作用。为此,他用遗传操纵激活鱆胺能神经元,结果可以抑制雄蝇对处女蝇的追求。而且,如果不用已交配雌蝇,仅用处女蝇,但同时激活鱆胺能神经元,这样雄蝇并未被雌蝇教训,结果经历这样过程的雄蝇事后也不追求处女蝇,表明激活鱆胺能神经元能模拟cVA的作用,这些结果显示鱆胺能神经元的作用是介导cVA的信号。 前人用原位杂交发现鱆胺受体OAMB的mRNA表达在蘑菇体,参与嗅觉学习记忆。 我们与科学院生物物理所焦仁杰和他的学生黄海合作,他们将酵母转录因子Gal4引入果蝇OAMB基因中,这样Gal4模拟OAMB的表达模式。他们获得这个转基因品系的果蝇后,我们观察发现OAMB-Gal4确实表达在蘑菇体中。 用OAMB-Gal4,我们可以控制其他基因的表达,比如具有抑制和激活神经元活性的基因,让它们表达到含OAMB的神经细胞,然后操纵这些细胞的活性,从而研究含OAMB神经细胞的功能。周传发现,短暂抑制OAMB神经细胞,可以使雄蝇不能在接触已交配雌蝇后被教训后识相,说明OAMB神经细胞对求偶学习是必需的。用OAMB基因突变的雄蝇做实验,验证了OAMB基因本身对求偶学习也是必需的。 我们前面介绍了,鱆胺能神经细胞不仅对于求偶学习是必需的,而且是充分的,充分性是通过激活鱆胺能神经细胞来验证的。那么,OAMB是否对求偶学习是充分的,也可以通过激活OAMB神经细胞来检验。周传做了这个实验,发现OAMB 神经细胞对于求偶学习不是充分的。而且,激活OAMB神经细胞不能抑制雄蝇对处女蝇的追求。所以,应该还有其他鱆胺受体,而不是OAMB,介导鱆胺的这些作用。 如果鱆胺和OAMB介导cVA的作用,那么,含OAMB的神经细胞就应该对cVA有反应。神经细胞的反应性,目前有一种检测方法是看细胞内钙浓度的改变。周传到美国开会时,事先联系了UCSD王竞实验室,到他们那里学习做果蝇神经细胞钙成像,他也把OAMB-Gal4果蝇送到美国了。他开完会后,与王竞实验室的Kim合作。周传看到体外给cVA可以导致雄蝇OAMB神经细胞内钙浓度升高。他回国后,请Kim在UCSD继续和重复此实验,开始她没有看到,后来重复了,并有比较好的照片,发表为我们文章的图4。不过,除OAMB神经细胞以外可能还有对cVA反应的神经细胞。我们实验室后来也有了必要的成像系统、建立了钙成像的检测方法。 我们希望看鱆胺能神经细胞与含OAMB的神经细胞是否有连接,这个实验是通过在前一种细胞表达半个分子,后一种细胞表达半个分子,如果这两半分开,看不到荧光,如果两半在物理距离上很接近,可以发出荧光。在台湾的清华大学江安世实验室有很好的工具,我们与他的研究生林暄文合作,周传把我们的果蝇寄去,他们将合适的对象合起来,结果发现鱆胺能神经细胞确实与蘑菇体的神经细胞有近距离接触,一般认为这表明有突触连接。江安世实验室拍的很漂亮的图片是我们论文的图5。含OAMB的神经细胞位于蘑菇体,所以,以上实验间接推测鱆胺能神经细胞与OAMB神经细胞的关系,而尚无实验直接确定它们的关系。 求偶学习实际是一种条件反射(conditioned reflex)。我们知道,俄国生理学家巴普洛夫(Ivan Pavlov,1849-1936)在因为用狗研究消化生理学而获1904年诺贝尔奖时,已专注于研究他通过用唾液和胃液而发现的条件反射。他发现,给狗食物的时候,还没有入口,狗就开始流唾液,这是狗天生就会的自然行为。而如果在提供食物时,同时给另外一个原本与食物无关、单独不会诱导流唾液的信号,比如铃声,将铃声与食物在时间上同步,多次重复,久而久之,只给铃声也能诱导狗流唾液。也就是说,经过训练,狗学会铃声与食物的相关性,以为铃声来了食物也会来,所以对铃声的反应相同于食物:产生更多唾液,为吃食物做准备。在这个实验中,食物称为非条件刺激,因为无需其他条件,先天就能导致固定的反应,而铃声称为条件刺激,唾液腺对铃声原本无反应,是在铃声与食物时间相关的条件下成为对唾液的刺激。 雄蝇的求偶学习也可以从条件反射来理解。雄蝇碰到雌蝇本不会放弃求偶,而雄蝇碰到雄蝇分泌的cVA会减少求偶,cVA作为非条件刺激。因为交配过的雌蝇身上带有前面雄蝇涂抹的cVA,cVA与雌蝇身体相关,雌蝇(可能是其体表特异的外激素)变成了条件刺激,经过一段时间,雄蝇以为有雌蝇气味的都不是好惹的,所以失去追求雌性的愿望。 周传等认为,鱆胺在cVA下游工作,在脑内介导cVA这一非条件刺激的作用。他在没有cVA的情况下,给雄蝇提供处女雌蝇时,同时激活鱆胺能神经细胞,结果使雄蝇学会回避雌蝇,支持鱆胺是在cVA下游的可能,他和Kim通过钙成像观察到cVA可以激活OAMB神经细胞的结果进一步支持这个可能。不过,并未完全证明,因缺乏直接观察鱆胺能神经细胞对cVA的反应,而OAMB本身的激活不足以代替cVA起到非条件刺激的作用(教训雄蝇不追雌蝇)。所以,我们的工作还有不完善和不清楚的地方。不完善的那部分,是我们觉得既然OAMB已对cVA有反应,推测鱆胺能神经细胞对cVA的反应问题不大,所以没做。不清楚的是既然激活OAMB不能完全模拟cVA、也不能模拟鱆胺能神经细胞的非条件刺激作用,那么就有其他鱆胺受体起这样的作用,是哪个、或哪几个鱆胺受体介导非条件刺激的作用,尚需研究。 此研究中我们发现鱆胺可以参加惩罚性刺激。几年前,德国的Heisenberg实验室提出果蝇中,两种神经递质(鱆胺和多巴胺)分别对应于奖赏性刺激和惩罚性刺激,这个假设不为我们的研究结果所支持。在哺乳类动物,多巴胺对奖赏很重要,平时起奖赏作用,而过分的、不合适的奖赏就是成瘾和赌博等的基础。现在看来,似乎果蝇中并非简单的一种递质参与奖赏、一种参与惩罚。 2012年10月发表于J Neuroscience (《神经科学杂志》)的文章,题目是“性拒绝的分子遗传学分析:鱆胺及其受体OAMB参与果蝇求偶条件化”揭示了果蝇脑内鱆胺在求偶学习中必需和充分的作用,OAMB受体为求偶学习所必需、但不充分;鱆胺能神经细胞与蘑菇体的神经细胞有突触连接;还有其他受体参与介导鱆胺的作用。 文章作者包括:周传、黄海、Suzy Kim、林暄文、孟祥兰,合作实验室是科学院生物物理所的焦仁杰、UCSD王竞、台湾清华大学的江安世、美国德州大学的Han。 此课题是我们研究果蝇GPCR作用的一部分,因为OAMB和其他鱆胺受体,都是G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)。在北京进行的研究获得科技部和北京市的支持。 我们研究鱆胺原本是关注打架的分子机理。这条线索并未结束,虽然OAMB受体不参与打架,其他受体应该参与。 注1:提出果蝇鱆胺和多巴胺对应奖赏和惩罚关系的德国神经生物学家Martin Heisenberg(1940-),乃26岁提出测不准原理的物理学家Werner Heisenberg(海森堡,1901-1976)之子。Martin之兄Jochen Heisenberg子继父业为物理学家。而Martin于1966年从德国Tübingen大学获生物化学博士学位,到加州理工学院随德裔物理学家转成生物学家的Max Delbrück做博士后,当时加州理工的Seymour Benzer开始用果蝇研究神经生物学,Martin Heisenberg自1968年一直用果蝇遗传学研究行为的神经生物学,特别是果蝇的学习记忆。他哥哥在美国任教,他在德国任教。 注2:以前我实验室最多和一、两个实验室合作,周传等这篇文章创了我实验室合作实验室数量的记录(有五个)。这么多实验室列在文章中,出现过地址问题。投稿过程中,我被告知台湾“国科会”不允许作者用China作为地址,允许用Taiwan、或“Taiwan, Republic of China”。我不懂为什么台湾规定可以用Republic of China,而不能用去政治化的、更为简单的China。我就此事询问台湾“国科会”主任、副主任,他们不回答我的email、却捅到台湾新闻媒体,我只好在博客上回应。因为台湾科学家不按规定怕失去科研经费支持,在我不理解其规则缘由的情况下,我们最后只好两种表述:台湾作者地址是“Taiwan 30013,Republic of China”,北大作者地址是“Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China”。 进一步阅读 Siegel RW, Hall JC (1979) Conditioned responses in courtship behavior of normal and mutant Drosophila. 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Zhou C, Huang H, Kim SM, Lin H, Meng X, Han KA, Chiang A-S, Wang JW, Jiao R, Rao Y (2012) Molecular genetic analysis of sexual rejection: roles of octopamine and its receptor OAMB in Drosophila courtship conditioning. J Neurosci 32:14281–14287. 本文引用地址: http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-2237-622681.html function errorhandle_clickhandle(message, values) { if(values ) { showCreditPrompt(); show_click(values , values , values ); } }
Gifted Hands: The Ben Carson Story 类型:剧情地区:美国 导演:Thomas Carter 编剧:John Pielmeier 演员:Ele Bardha / Loren Bass / Geoffrey Beauchamp / Tajh Bellow 别名:妙手仁医: 上映日期:2009年02月07日 美国底特律黑人区,一个只有三年教育的母亲被丈夫抛弃,失去了生活来源,还需要抚养两个儿子。她没有放弃,把房产出租,靠为别人做家务艰苦度日。即便自己内心的压力到了极点,在孩子面前她都维持镇静,给他们以力量。在一个种族歧视的社会中,没有男人支撑家庭的孩子们不易管理,特别是男孩。但卡森的母亲有自己的智慧。她要求孩子们减少看电视的时间,去阅读,还要写阅读笔记,持续多年。她开源节流,当孩子8年级受到老师歧视时,毅然搬家为孩子改换学校。她总是鼓励孩子,Your brain isn't dumb. You got all the world in here. You just need to see what beyond what you can see.即便自己身处何等黑暗的时光。她宽仁体谅,即便孩子叛逆顶撞,她也有办法化解。她是孩子心中的依靠,特别是孩子内心艰苦的时候。她是孩子的明灯,照亮他们脚下的路。她是有力且可靠的臂膀,一直抵在孩子的背上。 本森弟兄没有辜负妈妈的期望,刻苦学习,不断上进。他成了一名神经科医生,而his brother做了一名工程师。本森以其严谨负责的医德,以其高超缜密的医术拯救了患者,也拯救了很多家庭。他在感恩,他在用自己的行动影响更多的人,也包括依托电影媒介得知他事迹的我。 母爱伟大,方法更重要。如同江河之水,正确导引则万物蓬勃,肆意横流则大地汪洋。这部电影用一个半小时的时间讲述了一个简单道理,用真爱引导孩子正确成长。上一辈要以身作则,讲方法;下一辈要努力进取,求感恩。虽然片中以上帝为信仰,可母亲压力大的时候,还是医生的住院治疗起了作用。当本森面对困惑的时候,妻子的支持,母亲的关爱为他开启透亮的门窗。所以,上帝就在身边,就是自己的父辈,自己的至亲。 无论何时,都不要忘记自己的职业,这是立身之本。无论何地,都不要忘记感恩,这是心静之源。 愿好的文化给更多的人带来裨益! 愿所有的母亲都能安享晚年! 愿所有的人都能妙手仁职! 附一些本森博士的消息: 卡森博士不但是一位非常成功的神经外科主治医师,而且是一位极成功的演讲家,他被美籍非裔人视为民族英雄。对于他的成功,秘诀在于胸中有杆秤,他总是这样自问:“如果我们做某事,可能发生的最坏情况是什么?如果我们什么都不做,可能发生的最坏情况是什么?” 他的成长归功于母亲。本·卡森8岁时,父亲抛弃了家庭,他在底特律黑人区长大,在那里,母亲靠给别人做家务抚养两个儿子。“母亲限制我和弟弟一周看两到三个电视节目,还让我们每周阅读从底特律公共图书馆借来的两本书,并写出读书笔记给她看。”卡森博士说。这持续了几年,直到孩子们发现母亲只受过三年的教育,根本无法阅读那些笔记!这种要求很快在年轻的本·卡森身上产生了作用,他以班上第三名的成绩高中毕业,并获得耶鲁大学的奖学金,主修心理学。 他经常作鼓舞人心的演讲:他除了往返于手术和医院之间,还经常作演讲,每个月都留出一个小时去和小学生们交谈。一个孩子告诉他“你是我的偶像,我也想成为一个脑外科医生”。卡森博士回答:“你要坚持你的梦想!”“不要让任何人把你变成奴隶。如果你让媒体告诉你,体育和娱乐比开发你的大脑更重要的话,那么你就是奴隶。”“你不必作为脑外科医生就可以成为一个有价值的人。你的价值是因为你具备知识。但这并不意味着你有时不会失败。重要的是不断地尝试。” You can do anything anyone else can do,and only you can do it better. 电影海报 剧照三张 对应书的封面
英国 电生理学 家赫胥黎(1963诺贝尔生理学/医学奖得主)前天去世 Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 1917– 30 May 2012) died two days ago. Huxley was an English physiologist and biophysicist , who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his experimental and mathematical work with Alan Hodgkin on the basis of nerve action potentials , the electrical impulses that enable the activity of an organism to be coordinated by a central nervous system . ( read more about him on Wikipedia ). Huxley is a grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) -- "Darwin's Bulldog" (“达尔文的斗犬”赫胥黎) . Hodgkin and Huxley's electrophysiological work was done on the giant axon of the Atlantic squid ( Loligo pealei ), which enabled them to record ionic currents as they would not have been able to do in almost any other neuron. See: 肖静宁:从神经科学的发展看实验材料选择的方法论意义( http://www.cssn.cn/news/160940.htm ). Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 1917 – 30 May 2012)
癌细胞疯了吗? 有点标题党的味道,这里讨论的话题为: 失去神经联络是细胞癌变的标志性起点? ——lost of connection with nerve system could be the initial step of tumorigenesis? 神经在组织发生、发育,体液调节,免疫调节以及细胞代谢、增殖、分化、凋亡、应激反应和癌变中具有重要意义;个人认为癌起源于无家可归的正常体细胞,细胞失去神经系统联络是癌变的起点。无家可归的细胞命运出现了不确定性,在恶劣微环境中被反复重编程(niche reprogramming)唯一的幸存者最终返回到单细胞生存状态,获得了永生(癌变): 1. 癌是多细胞动物的专属特征 ◆单细胞动物本身具有永生性(癌性),细胞只有应激反应而没有神经反射,不需要发神经; ◆多数植物一般是自养或腐生生物,不进行神经支配的捕食和拒捕行为(含羞草、捕食植物等例外),另一方面,植物细胞具有发育全能性但被细胞壁牢牢锚定没有机会迁移,因此,多数植物肿瘤表现为组织异常增生,类似于动物体内没有迁移能力的良性肿瘤; ◆多细胞动物均有组织分化,组织服从神经系统的统一调配,分化的细胞丧失了永生性,组织中成体细胞夺回永生权利就是癌变(Carcinogenesis) 2. 神经系统是多细胞动物机体的最高统帅 ◆多细胞动物的捕食和拒捕行为依赖于神经系统调动机体组织的快速响应,没有神经就无需组织,也就就没有多细胞动物; ◆神经发生是多细胞动物个体生命的起点,神经失功能(如脑死亡)是多细胞动物个体生命的终点,神经调节伴随多细胞动物的一生; ◆神经发生是多细胞动物组织发生的伴随条件,神经系统参与个体形态发生、发育、衰退全过程; ◆神经系统可参与内分泌或体液调节,有些内分泌腺本身直接或间接地受到神经系统的调节,在这种情况下,体液调节是神经调节的一个传出环节,是反射传出道路的延伸。很多类型的体液调节,是通过神经影响激素分泌,再由激素对机体功能实行调节的方式。 ◆一些内分泌细胞可以直接感受内环境中某种理化因素的变化,直接作出相应的反应,细胞的“自身调节-体液调节-神经调节”是细胞群分形的基础; ◆神经系统与免疫系统间存在复杂的交流网络,压力信号会降低免疫系统抗体的效力,除调节免疫系统外,神经调控还对非神经活动,细胞寿命、脂肪储存都具有调控作用。 3. 失去神经联络是成体细胞是癌变的第一步 ◆神经调节的一般特点是比较迅速而精确,自身调节和体液调节的一般特点是比较缓慢、持久而弥散;越是精密的系统越是脆弱,精准和迅速信号系统在恶劣微环境中更容易率先发生障碍; ◆受精卵到神经发生之前胚胎组织具有致瘤性,神经形成后组织丧失致瘤性;胚胎神经发生是决定胚胎组织细胞致瘤性的节点; ◆丧失神经控制的组织缺乏神经营养因子( neurotrophin )引起失功能和萎缩,失去神经联系的细胞将无家可归; ◆神经系统一旦形成终生不再更新,神经损伤修复易于出错,造成一些体细胞“去组织化(disorganization)”; ◆体外培养(in vitro,去组织化)的细胞缺乏神经联系,易于形成细胞系(永生化); ◆机体除了神经调节和体液调节的方式外,许多组织细胞自身也能对周围环境变化发生适应性的反应,这种反应是组织细胞本身的生理特性,并不依靠于外来神经或体液因素的作用,称之为自身调节;细胞失去神经调节“去组织化”的细胞自身调节得以强化。 ◆去组织化的部位出现的某些神经修复因子参与了细胞癌变活动; 推论:癌的发生可能与神经发育和衰退同步 肿瘤的发生与年龄密切相关,神经发育不全或神经功能衰退也与年龄密切相关 。0~5岁儿童神经发育尚不健全,45岁以后神经功能逐渐衰退。神经发育不全或神经功能衰退从某种意义上可以理解为“去组织化”,由于神经的损伤、衰退、炎症等因素造成局部组织与系统失去神经信号联络,这部分组织中的细胞将面临怎样的命运:凋亡、坏死、纤维化? 有没有一种可能是细胞走上了一条探索自主生存的道路?因此失去神经联络有可能是细胞癌变的起点。失去神经联络包含两层意思:其一,神经传导通路发生障碍,信号无法正确送达相关细胞;其二、细胞对神经信号接收异常,无法正确执行神经命令; 肿瘤的发病率见于各年龄段,但集中表现在高、低两个年龄段,以高龄者发病率为最高,恶性肿瘤为一中老年人高发的疾病。发病率在45岁以后快速增长,在75岁以后,发病率增长趋缓并有所下降。 这种现象与各个体发育过程中的神经功能不全及神经功能衰退从统计学上十分可能会相关 。 有趣的是高龄老人肿瘤发病率反而下降,恐怕是能活到那个年龄的耄耋差不多已经修成了正果,他们大多睿智、心态平和、懂得生活,神智健全。 任何事物发生都有一个起点,生儿育女从交配开始,但交配不一定生儿育女;跑步从学爬行开始,但会爬不一定就能跑;打仗从当新兵开始,当兵也不一定就打仗;同理,细胞失去神经联系不一定发生癌变,这个话题的目的是努力寻找正常细胞进入癌变漫漫征程的标志性起点; reference: 1. Pro-nerve Growth Factor Induces Autocrine Stimulation of Breast Cancer Cell Invasion through Tropomyosin-related Kinase A (TrkA) and Sortilin Protein J. Biol. Chem. 2012 287 : 1923 - 1931 . First Published on November 29, 2011 , 2. Nerve growth factor promotes breast cancer angiogenesis by activating multiple pathways. Molecular Cancer 2010, 9:157 doi:10.1186/1476-4598-9-157 3. Effects of recombinant human nerve growth factor on cervical cancer.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(38), pp. 7503-7509, 25 July, 2011
Oct 30 2010 View This On A Web Page. The only SCI-indexed journal in neuroscience published in China Neural Regeneration Research Table of Contents 1. Aim and Scopes 2. Editorial Board 3. Current Issue 4. Why Publish in NRR? 1. Aim and Scopes To publish novel studies addressing inhibition, promotion, or intervention of neuronal/nerve tissue rgeneration and related mechanisms, as well as functional changes and correlation with diseases. FULL ARTICLE Hot topics Translational medicine in the field of neural regeneration manuscripts focused on randomized, controlled trials with multidensional results. Evidence-based medicine in the field of neural regeneration case reports with specific significance, including pathology, imaging, small-sample sizes, and randomized, controlled case reports.. Submit your manuscript to nrr@nrronline.org . Online Submission 2. Editorial Board A total of 266 international editorial board members with academic authority from 38 countries, as well as 171 Chinese peer reviewers from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, participate in the review process. Under the guidance of these experts, we guarantee the peer-review process to be objective, fair, timely, and normative. APPLICATION FORM 3. Current Issue Volume 5 Number 18, September 2010 Research and Reports Neurodegenerative diseases and Neuroregeneration High-frequency magnetic stimulation attenuates beta-amyloid protein 1-42 neurotoxicity in organotypic hippocampal slices Don-Kyu Kim, Young Chul Yoon, Soo Ahn Chae, Kyung Mook Seo, Tai Ryoon Han, Si-Hyun Kang Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1365 | Abstract | Submission | Synaptic plasticity effects on FeCl2-induced post-traumatic epilepsy onset in the rat Yuanxiang Lin, Feng Wang, Ruxiang Xu, Xiaodan Jiang, Dezhi Kang, Yiquan Ke, Mouxuan Du, Lishuang Xu Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1373 | Abstract | Submission | 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or lanthanum potentiates transient receptor potential-like channels in rat CA1 hippocampal neurons Fengpeng Sun, Tian-ming Gao Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1378 | Abstract | Submission | Effects of human mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the bilateral corpus striatum in a rat model of Tourette's syndrome Xiumei Liu, Yuwei Wang, Mingji Yi Regeneration Research, 2010;5(17): 1285 | Abstract | Submission | Platelet-rich plasma-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells versus autologous nerve grafting for sciatic nerve repair Changsuo Xia, Yajuan Li, Wen Cao, Zhaohua Yu Regeneration Research, 2010;5(17): 1291 | Abstract | Submission | Traditional Chinese Medicine and Neuroregeneration Berberine inhibits inflammatory activation of rat brain microglia Kyong Nyon Nam, Jae-Hong Kim, Hoon-Ji Jung, Jung-Mi Park, Sang-Kwan Moon, Young-Suk Kim, Sun Yeou Kim, Eunjoo H. Lee Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1384 | Abstract | Submission | Antioxidative effects of berberine pre-treatment on hydrogen peroxide-induced PC12 cell toxicity Daohua Xu, Chenhui Zhou Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1391 | Abstract | Submission | Xiaoyaosan-containing serum inhibits corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by downregulating i overload Lin Li, Xuanhong Zhang, Tingting Yan, Qian Li, Shukao Liu, Lili Wu, Can Yan, Hongmei Tan Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1396 | Abstract | Submission | Picroside II down-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Xiang Li, Xinying Xu, Zhen Li, Yunliang Guo, Qin Li, Xiaodan Li, Zhen Zhou Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1403 | Abstract | Submission | Electroacupuncture-attenuated ischemic brain injury increases insulin-like growth factor-1 expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia Huanmin Gao, Ling Wang, Yunliang Guo Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1408 | Abstract | Submission Techniques and Methods Reception of infrasound and audio current in derma nerves Jianwen Li, Ziyu Li, Xuezong Ma Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1413 | Abstract | Submission | Muscarinic receptor-mediated calcium changes in a rat model of facial nerve nucleus injury Dawei Sun, Huamin Liu, Fugao Zhu, Yanqing Wang, Junfeng Wen, Rui Zhou, Yanjun Wang, Banghua Liu Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1418| | Abstract | Submission | Special Topics and Review Alpha-synuclein gene structure, evolution, and protein aggregation Lili Xiong, Peng Zhao, Zhiyun Guo, Jianhua Zhang, Diqiang Li, Canquan Mao Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1423 | Abstract | Submission | Role of DYT1 gene in early-onset primary torsion dystonia Xiaohui Hu, Xueping Chen, Rui Huang, Huifang Shang Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1429 | Abstract | Submission | Investigation and Analysis Interaction between semantic and phonological processes in stuttering: evidence from the dual-task paradigm Luping Song, Danling Peng, Ning Ning Regeneration Research, 2010;5(18): 1435 | Abstract | Submission | Evaluation of non-typical diffuse axonal injury by magnetic resonance techniques Haijian Xia, Xiaochuan Sun, Zongduo Guo, Weidong Fang, Fajin L, Haitao Wu, Tianyou Luo, Wenyuan Tang Regeneration Research, 2010;5(17): 1337 | Abstract | Submission | Polymorphisms of the maternal Slug gene in fetal neural tube defects in a Chinese population Li Guo, Hong Zhao, Yuheng Pei, Quanren He, Wan-I Li, Ting Zhang, Xiaoying Zheng,Ran Zhou, Jun Xie Regeneration Research, 2010;5(17): 1342 | Abstract | Submission | MORE... Request for articles of NRR. 4. Why Publish in NRR? Specialty . The only journal in neuroregeneration research indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E). Fast peer reviewed. Each manuscript will be reviewed by 2-4 referees. Wide dissemination. NRR is easily accessed online by the world's leading colleges and universities; midical schools; hospitals and healthcare systems and etc via multiple specialised databases. Publicity. NRR has a great reputation in China, which increases the exposure and visibility of your research in China. Post-publication customizable service. We are pleasured to provide the opportunity for you to make the acquaintance of Chinese clinicians, professionals, researchers and policy makers in the field. Feel free to contact me at nrr@nrronline.org . Call for papers Neural Regeneration Research , an English language semi-monthly journal, is dedicated to presenting peer-reviwed, evidenced based scholarly research in neuroregeneration, including neural stem cells, nerve tissue engineering, gene therapy, traditional Chinese medicine. Each manuscript submitted to the Journal is subjected to a critical review process involving the foremost authorities in the subject area of the manuscript before it is accepted for publication. The Editor and Editorial Staff encourage all potential authors to submit manuscripts to the Journal. Qunyuan Xu Editor in Chief Neural Regeneration Research Abstracted in Sciece Citation Index Expanded Biosis Previews Chmical Abstracts EMBASE SCOPUS Index Copernicus Full articles available on Journals@OvidSP. Readers of Neural Regeneration Research attending the 40th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, in San Diego, November 1317, 2010, are invited to participate in the Professional Development Workshop How to write a manuscript: getting your paper accepted, Room 4, 9AM12PM, November 14. We will be honoured to meet you there. See you in San Diego. Please contact our editor Megan at nrr@nrronline.org or +86 1380 4998 773. Nomination to Editorial Board In order to promote the international dissemination of Neural Regeneration Research (NRR), we sincerelly invite you to become our editorial board member and reviewer. We would greatly appreciate if you would accept our invitation. Get the application form here . Request for articles of NRR. Editor's Choice This Month In this issue of NRR, five papers have been included that attempt to serach for the optimal means of repair for sciatic nerve defects from the viewpoint of scaffold materials, extracellular matrix, and seed cell selection with regard to tissue engineered nerves. These papers also investigated the feasibility of sciatic neve defect repair using in vitro tracing of seed cells and bridging of autologous nerve segments. Feridex-labeled bone marrow stromal cells for analysis of sciatic nerve defects in rabbits. Neural Regen Res. 2010;5(11):846-852. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord versus human umbilical cord blood for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen Res. 2010;5(11):838-845. Immunological rejection of acellular heterogeneous nerve transplant for bridging the sciatic nerve in rats. Neural Regen Res. 2010;5(9):673-677. Chitosan tube bridging autologous nerve segments for the repair of long-segmental sciatic nerve defects. Neural Regen Res. 2010;5(9):668-672. Bridging sciatic nerve gap using tissue-engineered nerves constructed with neural tissue-committed stem cells derived from bone marrow. Neural Regen Res. 2009;4(5):344-349. Published papers regarding... Stem Cells and neuroregeneration Cardiac autonomic nerve fiber regeneration in chronic heart failure More... Tissue engineering and neuroregeneration Immunological rejection of acellular heterogeneous nerve transplant for bridging the sciatic nerve in rats More... Nerve factors and neuroregeneration Basic fibroblast growth factor improves learning and memory deficits in a mouse model of vascular dementia Associated with the role of free radicals clearance? More... Gene engineering and neuroregeneration Role of DYT1 gene in early-onset primary torsion dystonia More.. . Neurodegenerative disease and neuroregeneration Alpha-synuclein gene structure, evolution, and protein aggregation More... Traditional Chinese medicine and neuroregeneration Xiaoyaosan-containing serum inhibits corticosterone-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by downregulating i overload More... Acupuncture and neuroregeneration Electroacupuncture-attenuated ischemic brain injury increases insulin-like growth factor-1 expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia More... Brain injury and neuroregeneration Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in glioma U87 cells More... Spinl cord injury and neuroregeneration Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on synapsin expression in rat spinal cord anterior horn neurons cultured in vitro More... Peripheral nerve injury and neuroregeneration Muscarinic receptor-mediated calcium changes in a rat model of facial nerve nucleus injury More... Autonomic nerve injury and neuroregeneration Morphological changes in interstitial cells of Cajal in the deep muscular plexus and enteric motor neurons of the intestine in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome More... Eletrophysiology and neuroregeneration Reception of infrasound and audio current in derma nerves More... Neuroimaging and neuroregeneration Electroacupuncture at Tianshu (ST 25) for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome using positron emission tomography Changes in visceral sensation center More... Cognitive function and neuroregeneration Interaction between semantic and phonological processes in stuttering:Evidence from the dual-task paradigm More... You may unsubscribe at any time. Our mailing address is: Neural Regeneration Research PO Box 1234, Shenyang, China 110004 Have a suggestion? Email us at nrr@nrronline.org Explore your business opportunities in China Contact Megan at (86) 13804998773. 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