导读： 今天从亮马桥到海淀黄庄的地铁上一位女士给同伴讲解他们公司如何讲究诚信。如果客户送礼了，必须上交。如果是小食品，可以大家一起吃掉。例如今天客户送来了一盒月饼，领导让大家立即分享了。如果是茶叶，必须上交。如果是钱，必须上交，最后返回客户。我问是哪家客户，她说，是杜邦。 之前半年，我从北京会太原，路上遇到一位旅客，讲解他们公司如何诚信，最后我问他是什么公司，他是是IBM. 其实，什么是诚信？诚信就是不违法乱纪。又，中国为什么不能很好建立诚信？因为我们误解了诚信。诚信不是道德问题，而是法律问题。诚信沦丧，只是因为法律沦丧。法律为什么沦丧，是因为权力，个人权力太大。个人权力太大，谁能不违法乱纪？ 如果你认为美国人讲道德，那真是荒唐，愚昧。整个西方文化的根基是性恶论。性恶论就是不相信道德。但是后果上，不能否认，道德水平却提高了。可见道德不是来自道德本身，而是来自道德的反面，即法制。道德，不过是，因强迫而形成的良好习惯。道德，不过是人与人之间的温顺。温顺不是慈爱，而是敬畏。离开畏惧讨论道德，只能是不道德。或者说，过程和结果是相反，过程不是道德，是法治。结果却是道德。 讲到了法，但是不要走向极端，走向严刑峻法。 如果做官的违法乱纪，谁还会讲诚信？除非欺人自欺。过去毛泽东能够打败蒋介石，就是因为蒋介石讲究道德，什么礼义廉耻。毛泽东不讲究道德，而是讲究策略和政策，什么分田分地，什么唯物主义。一定要用道德来解释毛泽东和革命，那场革命就不该发生。因为，必须个别地判断资本家和地主的个人品德问题。而革命完全和革命对象的个人品德完全无关。再，你如果认为人民真的是为了爱国主义而抗日，为了大公无私而革命，那真是糊涂。革命或抗日是有经济政策配合的。人民公社的失败，就是单纯道德的失败。除非道德渗透在经济制度中，否则人普遍地是没有道德的。而且地位越高，越没有道德。 可见，什么是诚信。绝不是人民的问题。而是政府和权力的基本义务。是制约政府和权力的制度。 对人民首先要讲政策和制度，如果讲什么道德，不是人民不讲究道德，而是对人民的欺骗。 具体要建立什么样的制度和法律呢？就是建立有效的相互制约的制度。道德只是在某种威严面前，被迫装出来的可爱的样子。实践证明，连王立军和簿谷开来都没有道德，连林彪都没有道德，连周恩来都没有诚信（说真心话。周恩来在道德上其它方面是完人，但是在讲真心话方面，是最没有道德的人。他是道德的楷模，又是不道德的楷模），世界上谁还能有道德？ 现在我上网，就是一种不道德。按照道德的要求，上网基本是一种无谓的事情。但是我无法克制。 解放前，毛泽东为什么那么道德？是因为有日寇和蒋介石的制约。如果道德上堕落，很快就会有报应。 可见诚信，绝不是什么道德，而是制度。迫使人们讲究诚信的制度。 当然，中国人根本上不懂道德的概念。但是限于篇幅，在这里就不能讨论了。 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/opinion/friedman-in-china-we-dont-trust.html?_r=1hpgwh=1DFAF705CD1626BFF74724F2962374FF Op-Ed编辑的观点 Columnist专栏作家 In China We (Don’t) Trust 信任还是不信任中国 By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN Published: September 11, 2012 Hangzhou, China One of the standard lines about China’s economy is that the Chinese are good at copying模仿和学习, but they could never invent a Hula-Hoop呼啦圈. It’s not in their DNA, we are told, and their rote老一套 education system reinforces加重 that tendency性格. I’m wondering about that四大发明: How is it that a people who invented papermaking造纸术, gunpowder火药, fireworks烟花 and the magnetic compass 指南针suddenly only became capable of assembling组装 iPods? I’m wondering if what’s missing in China today is not a culture of innovation but something more basic: trust. 诚信的意义 When there is trust in society, sustainable持续的 innovation创新 happens because people feel safe and enabled to take risks and make the long-term commitments责任心 needed to innovate为了发明. When there is trust, people are willing愿意 to share分享，贡献 their ideas and collaborate合作 on each other’s inventions without fear of having their creations stolen不怕自己的贡献不被承认. The biggest thing preventing modern China from becoming an innovation society, which is imperative紧迫 if it hopes to keep raising incomes收入, is that it remains a very low-trust society. I’ve been struck震惊 at how many Chinese businesspeople and investors have volunteered自愿 that point to me this week. China is caught in a gap between its old social structure of villages and families, which created its own form of trust, and a new system based on the rule of law法治 and an independent judiciary司法. The Communist Party destroyed the first but has yet to build the second because it would mean ceding放弃 the party’s arbitrary武断，独断 powers. So China has a huge trust deficit赤字. To see what happens when you introduce just a little more trust in this society, spend a day, as I just did, participating参与 in the “AliFest” — the annual gathering of thousands of Chinese entrepreneurs企业家 who are linked together in the giant巨大 Chinese e-commerce电子商务 Web site Alibaba.com.阿里巴巴 Founded建立于 in 1999, Alibaba says its sales this year could top超 eBay and Amazon.com combined总和. This happened, in part, because it has built trusted, credible可靠 markets of buyers and sellers inside China, connecting consumers消费者, inventors and manufacturers制造商 who would have found it hard（不能） to do transactions before. 这是通过技术手段，建立的诚信，及诚信的强迫性的制度。可见，诚信是可靠，而不是轻信。 Alibaba has three major businesses: Taobao.com and Tmall.com, which together constitute组成 a giant online marketplace where anyone in the world can go to buy or sell anything — from Procter Gamble宝洁 selling toothpaste牙膏 to Chinese companies offering their engineering prowess技术. The Tao companies this year are expected to move some $150 billion in merchandise商品 between buyers and sellers, mostly in China. The second is Alibaba.com, where, if you want to make rubber橡胶 sandals拖鞋 that play “The Star Spangled闪耀 Banner,” you click on Alibaba and it will link you with dozens of Chinese shoemakers that will compete for your business. And, lastly, there is Alipay, a Chinese version of PayPal支付宝 that can enable, for example, a small Chinese manufacturer in the hinterland to sell its goods to a Chinese consumer in Shanghai. The buyer puts his money in escrow委托付款 with Alibaba and it is released to the seller only when the buyer says he got the goods he ordered. Presto: trust. What has been the impact? There are more than 500 million Chinese Taobao users and 600 million Alipay accounts. 可见诚信不是道德问题，而是安全。在票据法上，最讲究的是诚信，但是具体做法恰恰相反，是安全。 While here in Hangzhou, I visited the workshop of Robert Luo, the president of Classic-Maxim, a firm he started to make kitschy wall art for hotels, using foreign designs. Luo used to drum up sales by flying to trade shows, but, in 2006, he got a huge American order订单 through the Alibaba platform平台, enabling him to greatly expand扩大 his business. He has since shifted转移 from doing outsourced artwork for others to hiring Chinese and foreign artists to produce his own original designs. “We design so much now” — outdoor art, solar art — and “we’ve applied for so many U.S. patents,” he said. There are two trends to watch from all this: One, argued Ming Zeng, Alibaba’s chief strategist, is that Alibaba — which now serves more than 100 million consumers daily, through 6.5 million retail shops connected to 20 million manufacturers — is, in effect确实, creating “a virtual combination industrial park工业园 and online marketplace,” where anyone in China or abroad can come to invent, collaborate or buy and sell goods or services. Alibaba, Zeng predicted预计, will eventually 最终connect in some way with Facebook脸谱公司, Amazon, eBay, Apple, Baidu, LinkedIn and others to create a giant trusted virtual虚拟 “global全球 commercial商业 grid网络,” where individuals and companies will offer their talents and buy and sell products, designs and inventions. Eventually, Zeng argued, “every individual个人 will have to find a way to succeed” on this global grid. “National boundaries国界 will offer you no protection.” The other trend 潮流is that the Chinese will be big players on this grid. The creation of global trusted business frameworks like Alibaba is starting to enable a new generation of Chinese innovators — who are low cost, but high skilled 技能— to extend延伸 their reach. We’ve seen cheap labor out of China; now we’re going to see more cheap genius人才. Which is why Phillip Brown and Hugh Lauder, in a recent essay on Eurozine.com, argued that a big shift of the global labor market is under way, in which “many of the things we thought could only be done in the West can now be done anywhere in the world, not only more cheaply but sometimes better.” Maureen Dowd is off today.
标签: 性恶论
