此次西南干旱可谓百年一遇,目前虽有零星降雨预期,但仍不足迅速缓解旱情。这种持续造成的饮用水缺乏、营养支持不 利、空气质量下降、作业风险增加、生活条件下降,疾病发病率上升等情况均需引起我们的高度注意。 干旱造成的饮用水匮乏和营养摄入不足可使人体生理平衡受到冲击,免疫力下降,罹患各种疾病的可能性都会增加,特别是以下流行病发病率将会有所上升: 1.气管、支气管和肺部炎症 长期干旱造成空气干燥,空气中悬浮的颗粒物质增加,空气质量下降。加之干旱季节风力减小,空气流动性不佳,很多有害 气体有可能聚集(如汽车尾气);继发的山林野火可造成更多的有害悬浮颗粒,人们吸入后将造成呼吸系统的问题,如气管、支气管和肺部炎症的发病几率将上升。 这些粉尘颗粒也给某些疾病带来了传播的可能,如球孢子菌病(coccidioidomycosis)的孢子本来存在于土壤中,干旱将帮助它们通过粉尘传 播。 2. 传染病爆发 降水的减少将造成地表水和地下水均被污染(或者说水本身拥有的抗污染或稀释污染的能力被减弱),使用这样的水源容易 导致一些急性感染性疾病的发生。而且水量减少造成的水流淤滞也给一些传染病的传播媒介以及宿主生物的以繁殖的机会,如果季节合适,蚊子会在此时大量繁殖。 目前报道的在干旱中可爆发的此类疾病有尼罗河病毒、东方马型脑炎、圣路易斯脑炎等。 3. 心理疾病 对缺水的担忧和对水资源争夺中出现的冲突会给灾区人民的心理上造成很大的负担,长期处于悲伤、焦虑、愤怒、失落等状 态将严重影响人民的心理健康。澳大利亚2004年和2007年的两份关于旱灾对青少年的心理影响的研究均表明,长期的旱灾将让青少年遭受较重的精神损害, 其实12%的青少年已经到了需要临床干预的水平。 如同地震、海啸、洪水等其他灾难一样,旱灾以及灾后的卫生健康风险同样需要我们小心对待,包括卫生健康风险控制在内的立体抗灾体系是应付目前频发天灾的不二法门。 参考资料: 1. Public health and drought 2. Mental health impact for adolescents living with prolonged drought
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB0kk9j8gzu2kadI1mI36I0 Health Informatics 9,117 documents semantically analyzed 1 2 Top Years Publications 2006 985 2007 946 2008 908 2009 823 2005 809 2004 752 2003 680 2002 520 2001 400 1998 356 1999 354 2000 342 1997 261 1995 248 1994 191 1996 161 1993 105 1991 66 1992 64 1990 39 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 Top Countries Publications USA 3,695 United Kingdom 637 Germany 445 Canada 329 Netherlands 308 Australia 305 Japan 264 China 168 France 159 Austria 155 Sweden 148 Greece 131 Italy 120 Switzerland 94 Taiwan 88 Belgium 79 Denmark 76 Hong Kong S.A.R., China 62 Spain 61 Finland 55 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 ... 41 Top Cities Publications New York 227 Portland 210 London 210 Boston 201 Salt Lake City 152 Pittsburgh 133 Sydney 131 Seattle 123 Bethesda 117 Atlanta 106 Rotterdam 100 Washington 98 Baltimore 95 Nashville 79 Amsterdam 73 Geneva 71 Athens 70 Toronto 70 Victoria 65 Maastricht 62 1 2 3 ... 41 1 2 3 ... 80 Top Journals Publications Stud Health Technol Inform 1,189 Int J Med Inform 438 Amia Annu Symp Proc 394 Method Inform Med 319 J Am Med Inform Assn 272 Proc Amia Symp 155 J Biomed Inform 108 Bmj 97 J Med Internet Res 82 Inform Prim Care 80 J Public Health Manag Pract 78 Yearb Med Inform 75 Healthc Inform 73 Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 71 J Med Syst 67 Jama-j Am Med Assoc 66 Bmc Med Inform Decis Mak 61 Health Info Libr J 60 Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 59 J Med Libr Assoc 55 1 2 3 ... 80 1 2 3 ... 331 Top Terms Publications Humans 6,542 Patients 2,740 Health Care 2,047 Technology 2,021 Delivery of Health Care 1,941 United States 1,781 Evaluation Studies as Topic 1,741 Medical Records Systems, Computerized 1,510 Data Collection 1,351 Electrons 1,276 Electronics 1,273 Hospitals 1,199 Hospitalization 1,193 Knowledge 1,159 Nurses 955 Nursing 946 Medicine 876 Adult 874 Physicians 852 Public Health 770 1 2 3 ... 331 1 2 3 ... 1088 Top Authors Publications Haux R 74 Ammenwerth E 50 Coiera E 48 Hersh W 43 Van Bemmel J 42 Westbrook J 41 Patel V 41 Bakken S 40 Ash J 40 Cimino J 34 Hasman A 34 Mandl K 33 Blobel B 32 Kohane I 27 Rigby M 26 Knaup P 26 Tilg B 26 Demiris G 26 De Lusignan S 25 Ball M 25 1 2 3 ... 1088
Health Sociology Review 《卫生社会学评论》澳大利亚 期刊网址: http://hsr.e-contentmanagement.com/ ISSN: 1446-1242 , 1991 年创刊,全年 4 期 , 2008 年开始被 SSCI 收录, 澳大利亚( ECONTENT MANAGEMENT, PO BOX 1027, MALENY, QUEENSLAND 4552, AUSTRALIA )出版。 2010 年将出版一期特刊: Special Issue on Mental Health and Illness: Practice and Service Issues 特刊投稿指南: http://hsr.e-contentmanagement.com/archives/vol/19/issue/4/call/ Last Day for Submission of Manuscripts : November 15, 2009 Scope This special edition is prompted by ongoing claims about escalating mental health problems and their management in Australia and other affluent countries. High prevalence disorders such as anxiety and depression, and alcohol and substance abuse are said to be epidemic. Following the closure of many large asylums in Australia, a number of reports have raised questions about the efficacy, scope and accessibility to community-based mental health services This edition aims to facilitate discussion of central issues relating to mental health treatment, including effective professional practice, community care, access and equity, and the marginalization of sufferers of mental illness. Topics * Evaluation of particular therapies, for example, the widespread use of cognitive behaviour therapy, and the role of counseling for sufferers of psychotic illnesses * Presentation and management of mental illness in emergency departments in public hospitals * Evaluation of particular services, for example, age-specific services, and step-up/step-down facilities * Social supports for mentally ill individuals and families, for example, welfare and housing * Family relationships in mental illness, for example, children who care for mentally ill parents * The place and evaluation of 21st century technology in the treatment of mental illness (internet, telephone, mobile phone, sms etc) * Professionalisation and specialisation, for example, nurse practitioners and the treatment of mentally ill clients * Forensic issues including management of psychiatric services in custodial settings and the evaluation of mental health courts * Medication and compliance issues including the use of non-prescription drugs * Working partnerships between mental health services and other health and welfare services, for example, in the case of client physical ill-health, unemployment, drug and alcohol misuse and where children require protection Submission Information Authors are invited to submit abstracts of 400-500 words and to discuss their proposed papers in advance of submission. Contact: Pauline Savy (p.savy@latrobe.edu.au) or Katy Richmond (k.richmond@latrobe.edu.au) Manuscripts should be submitted to p.savy@latrobe.edu.au Guidelines for manuscript preparation are available at:www.healthsociologyreview.com/author-guidelines.php Contact Pauline Savy Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia Email: p.savy@latrobe.edu.au Contact Katy Richmond La Trobe University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Australia Email: k.richmond@latrobe.edu.au This issue will be published in December 2010. Authors are invited to submit abstracts of 400-500 words and to discuss their proposed papers in advance of submission. Manuscripts should be submitted to p.savy@latrobe.edu.au by 15 November 2009. Guidelines for manuscript preparation are available at: www.healthsociologyreview.com/author-guidelines.php