不同耕作与施肥方式对有机玉米田杂草群落和作物产量的影响 博文静 , 郭立月 , 李静 , 韦继光 , 李彩虹 , 李勇 , 蒋高明 * (*通讯作者 ) 中国科学院植物植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室 山东农业大学农学院 植物学报 , 2012, 47(6): 637-644. 【摘要】 农田杂草是农业生态系统的重要组成部分。有机农田杂草控制是农业生产的一大难题 ,通过施肥方式改变杂草的竞争格局有望成为杂草控制的新途径。以暖温带有机玉米田为研究对象,设置了5种不同处理,即不施肥对照处理(CK)、施用牛粪处理(CM)、施用蚯蚓处理过的牛粪处理(EM)、免耕秸秆不覆盖处理(NT)和免耕秸秆覆盖处理(NS),研究不同耕作和施肥方式对田间杂草密度、生物量、生物多样性及作物产量的影响。结果表明,在有机玉米农田内共发现杂草17种,CK杂草总密度最高,但杂草总生物量和生物多样性指数较低。EM杂草总生物量和牛筋草(Eleusine indica)生物量最高,分别比CK增加了192.6%和224.8%(P0.01),物种丰富度和生物多样性指数较低,优势集中度指数较高。NS杂草总密度、总生物量和生物多样性与NT相比显著降低。此外,EM玉米(Zea mays)产量比CK高40.2%(P0.01),比CM高19.6%(P0.01)。施用蚯蚓处理过的牛粪不仅提高了玉米产量,而且可以促进优势种杂草的生长,提高杂草群落的优势集中度。 关键词 ： 生物多样性；生物量；优势种；施肥；杂草 Effects of different tillage and fertilization methods on weed community and crop yield in an organic corn field Bo Wenjing , Guo Liyue , Li Xiao , Wei Jiguang , Li Caihong , Li Yong , Jiang Gaoming* (*Correspondence author) State Key Laboratory of vegetation and environmental change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20, Nanxin cun , Xiangshan, Beijing 100093 Agricultural College of Shandong Agricultural University Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2 012, 47(6): 637-644 Weeds are an important part of agricultural ecosystem. Weed control in organic farmland is a big problem in agricultural production. It is expected to be a new way to change the competition pattern of weeds by applying fertilizer. Five different treatments, CK, cm, EM, NT and NS , were used to study the effects of different tillage and fertilization methods on weed density, biomass, biodiversity and crop yield. The results showed that 17 kinds of weeds were found in organic corn field, and CK had the highest weed density, but the total weed biomass and biodiversity index were low. The total biomass of EM weeds and the biomass of Eleusine indica were the highest, increased by 192.6% and 224.8% respectively compared with CK (P 0.01), the species richness and biodiversity index were lower, and the dominant concentration index was higher. The total density, biomass and biodiversity of NS weeds were significantly lower than NT. In addition, the yield of EM maize ( Zea mays ) was 40.2% higher than CK (P 0.01), 19.6% higher than CM (P 0.01). The application of cow manure treated by earthworm not only increased the yield of corn, but also promoted the growth of dominant species of weeds and the dominant concentration of weed community. Key words: biodiversity; biomass; dominant species; fertilization; weeds
牛粪堆肥与化肥配施对中国东部小麦 - 玉米轮作系统有机质、容重和蚯蚓活动的影响 土壤与耕作学研究 , 156 (2): 140–147. ( 影响因子： 4.675) 郭立月 ab1 吴光磊 a1 李勇 c 李彩虹 a 刘文静 d 孟杰 a 刘海涛 a 虞晓凡 ab 蒋高明 * a （ * 通讯作者） 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室、中国环境科学院 摘要 将牛粪堆肥（ CMC ）与化肥（ CF ）配施于我国东部小麦 - 玉米轮作田，对土壤理化性质、生物活性和土地生产力进行了评价。对表层土壤（ 0-20cm ）有机质、碳储量和固碳量、容重、含水量、全氮含量和蚯蚓种群等指标进行了分析。该研究（ 2009-2014 年）是在相同的氮、磷、钾总量（ 375.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 、 92.4 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1 和 316.3 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1 ）的基础上进行的。六个处理设计为：（ 1 ）对照，不施肥；（ 2 ） NPK ， 100%CF ；（ 3 ） NPKM1 ， 25%CMC+ 75%CF ；（ 4 ） NPKM2 ， 50%CMC+50%CF ；（ 5 ） NPKM3 ， 75%CMC+25%CF ；（ 6 ） CM ， 100%CMC 。结果表明，表层土壤有机质、含水量、全氮和蚯蚓密度与 CMC 显著正相关（ P0.01 ），土壤容重与 CMC 显著负相关。与对照相比，小麦 - 玉米轮作系统的 NPK 、 NPKM1 、 NPKM2 、 NPKM3 和 CM 年平均产量显著提高（ P ≤ 0.05 ），其中 NPKM1 产量最高。单施 CF 不仅降低了蚯蚓的 SOM 、水分和全氮含量，而且对蚯蚓活动产生了负面影响，而 CMC 则减轻了这种负面影响。该发现可能有助于在环境友好前提下，增加粮食供应，改善土壤条件与有机肥堆肥的应用。 关键词： 牛粪堆肥、化肥、土壤有机质、土壤容重、土壤含水量、蚯蚓活性 Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter, bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in Eastern China LiyueGuo ab1 GuangleiWu a1 YongLi c CaihongLi a WenjingLiu d Jie Meng a HaitaoLiu a XiaofanYu ab Gaoming Jiang a Soil tillage research , 156 (2): 140–147. (IF=4.675) Abstract Cattle manure compost (CMC) combined with chemical fertilizer (CF) was applied to a wheat–maize rotation field, in Eastern China, to assess soil physical and chemical properties, biological activity and land productivity. Indicators of organic matter, carbon storage and sequestration, bulk density, water content, total N content and earthworm population from topsoil (0–20cm) were quantified. This consecutive study (2009–2014) was carried out on the base of the same total N, P, K application rate (375.0kg Nha − 1yr − 1, 92.4kg P2O5ha − 1yr − 1and 316.3kg K2Oha − 1yr − 1) in each treatment that was fertilized. Six treatments were designed as: (1) CK, without any fertilizer; (2) NPK, 100% CF; (3) NPKM1, 25% CMC combined with 75% CF; (4) NPKM2, 50% CMC combined with 50% CF; (5) NPKM3, 75% CMC combined with 25% CF; and (6) CM, 100% CMC. The results demonstrated that organic matter, water content, total N content and earthworm density from topsoil were significantly and positively (P≤0.01) related to CMC input, with significantly negative correlation being observed between soil bulk density and CMC input. The average annual yield of the wheat–maize rotation system significantly increased (P≤0.05) in NPK, NPKM1, NPKM2, NPKM3, and CM compared with CK, with the highest yield being obtained from NPKM1. Applying merely CF not only led to the lower SOM, water content and total N content, but also resulted in negative effects on earthworm activity, while CMC alleviated such negative effects. Our finding may help to increase food supply by improving soil conditions with organic fertilizer compost application. Keywords: Cattle manure compost, Chemical fertilizer, Soil organic matter, Soil bulk density, Soil water content, Earthworm activity
牛粪养蚯蚓并种植有机玉米可增加304%经济效益 郭立月 吴光磊 李彩虹 刘文静 虞晓凡 程达 蒋高明 农业生态系统污染是由于过度使用化学肥料和牲畜粪便大量排放造成的。因此，有必要对养殖场粪肥进行安全处理，将牛粪转化为有价值的堆肥就是一种很好的出路。然而，传统堆肥相对耗时，且会造成大量养分损失。利用牛粪养殖蚯蚓并发展堆肥是一种替代方法，但目前为止开展的研究较少。本研究比较蚯蚓堆肥和牛粪普通堆肥种植的玉米产量与经济效益变化。研究结果表明，尽管蚯蚓粪营养含量低于传统堆肥，然而，蚯蚓养殖可带来2172公斤/公顷活蚓产量，为农民提供4008.1美元额外收入。此外，蚯蚓粪堆肥可增加玉米地上生物量增加7.7%，籽粒产量18.3%。蚯蚓处理牛粪并堆肥种植有机玉米可提高304%经济效益，主要通过增加籽粒产量和蚯蚓收入而实现。 上述研究结果于2015年5月份在法国Agronomyfor Sustainable Development上发表。2015年9月24日被欧盟委员会在Science for Environment Policy对该成果进行了专门介绍，供19000多名欧洲政策决策者,学者和商界人士参考。 报道网址为： http://10.255.253.201:9011/ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/compost_made_by_worms_from_livestock_manure_yields_benefits_when_applied_to_maize_428na3_en.pdf Vermicomposting with maize increases agricultural benefits by 304 % Liyue Guo, Guanglei Wu, Caihong Li, Wenjing Liu, Xiaofan Yu, Da Cheng Gaoming Jiang Agron. Sustain. Dev. (2015) 35:1149–1155, INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2015 Pollution of agricultural ecosystems is due to the excessive use of mineral fertilizers and mass discharge of livestock manure. Therefore, there is a need for disposing manure safely, for instance by transforming manure into valuable compost. Traditional compostingis, however, time-consuming with considerable nutrient losses. Vermicomposting is an alternative method, but so far, there are few quantitative evaluations of vermicomposting. We therefore compared vermicomposting and traditional composting of cattle manure with maize. Our results show that the amount of nutrients from vermicomposting is lower than that from traditional composting. Nonetheless, vermicomposting yielded 2172.0 kg of earthworms per hectare, which provided an additional income of US$4008.1 to farmers. Moreover, vermicomposting increased aboveground biomass by 7.7 % and maize grain yield by 18.3 %. The global output of vermicomposting was thus higher by 304 % due to higher grain yield and earthworm income. Keywords Cattle manure .Vermicompost .Traditional compost .Maize .Economic benefits
本团队蚯蚓处理有机肥还田增产实验被 欧盟委员会SEP 专题报道 郭立月 蒋高明 随着集约化农业和畜牧业的发展，过量使用化肥和畜禽粪便的随意堆放导致了严重的生态环境问题。其中的一条解决途径为将畜禽粪便转化成安全的有机肥替代化肥，虽然普通堆肥方法简单方便，但耗时较长，而且流失了大量的养分；蚯蚓堆肥看似复杂，但其处理过的粪便更易被作物利用，而且还可获得大量的优质动物蛋白。究竟哪种方法更能充分利用畜禽粪便里的养分和产生更高的经济收入呢？ 植物研究所蒋高明课题组，将相同重量的牛粪分别经过普通堆肥和蚯蚓处理，之后，将处理过的牛粪施入到大田中，全面分析比较了“牛粪 - 普通堆肥 - 玉米”和“牛粪 - 蚯蚓堆肥 - 玉米”两个不同生产模式中的养分利用、作物产量和经济效益，结果显示牛粪经蚯蚓处理后养分含量较普通堆肥后低，但是前者产生了 2172.0kg/ha 蚯蚓，增加了 4008.1 美元，另外，施入蚯蚓粪后，玉米地上部生物量增加 7.7% ，籽粒产量增加 18.3% ，经过计算，发现牛粪经过蚯蚓处理后比普通堆肥后再施入玉米田可提高收入 304% 。该研究得到了中科院重点部署项目（ KSZDEW-Z-012-2 ）和山东省政府“泰山学者”经费（ No.00523902 ）的共同资助。 该研究结果于 2015 年 5 月份在法国期刊 Agronomyfor Sustainable Development 上正式发表，并于 2015 年 9 月 24 日被欧盟委员会在 Science for Environment Policy 进行了专题报道，该成果介绍已被介绍给 19000 多名欧洲政策决策者 , 学者和商界人士参考。 报道网址为： http://10.255.253.201:9011/ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/compost_made_by_worms_from_livestock_manure_yields_benefits_when_applied_to_maize_428na3_en.pdf （郭立月为中国科学院植物研究所博士后） Science for Environmental Policy 简介 Science for Environment Policy is a free newsand information service published by Directorate-General Environment, EuropeanCommission. It has a mailing list of some 6000 people across Europe and aims tohelp policymakers keep up-to-date with the latest environmental researchfindings needed to design, implement and regulate effective policies. Thelatest newsletter has profiled a recent PBMS study (Crosse et al., 2013) onpolybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs) in sparrow hawks, highlighting how ourstudy may help explain why different studies report different PBDE levels insparrow hawks for the same countries and time periods. The Science forEnvironment article is:http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/335na5.pdf
继大米检出转基因成分以后，据绿色和平组织调查，我国东北已经出现了严重的转基因非法种植问题，涉及种子、粮仓、超市玉米产品，检出率异常高。 在黑山县、新民市和法库县的种子市场随机收集的 7 个 玉米种子样品 中， 6 个 检测出非法转基因成分 。在 黑山县、新民市、法库县、彰武县和康平县随机采样的 45 个 田间玉米样品中 42 个 检测出非法转基因成分，占田间样品总量的 93% 。 有关部门信誓旦旦地宣称，中国是对转基因监管最严格的国家，既然最严格那如何来解释这些异常现象呢？按照新公布的食物安全法，大范围转基因种植、收储和销售都是非法行为，谁该来为这些违法行为负责呢？希望有关部门尤其那些挺转专家们，能够尽快给中国消费者一个说法。现附上路透社的报道，供科学网网友参考。 http://club.china.com/data/thread/1011/2782/45/89/1_1.html 路透社：辽宁不同地区玉米抽样93% 有转基因污染 Chinesefarmers are illegally growing GMO corn: Greenpeace http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-gmo-corn-idUSKBN0UK06B20160106 BEIJING | BY DOMINIQUE PATTON A harvester unloads corn to a cargo truck at a farm in Gaocheng,Hebei province, China, September 30, 2015. REUTERS/KIM KYUNG-HOON Farmers are illegally growing genetically modified corn inChina's northeast, said environmental non-profit Greenpeace on Wednesday, in areport that may generate further distrust of the government's ability to ensurea safe food supply. Beijing has spent billions of dollars to develop GMO crops thatit hopes will ensure food supplies for its 1.4 billion people but has not yetapproved commercial cultivation amid deep-seated anti-GMO sentiment. The newfindings seem to confirm concerns that Beijing will be unable to supervise theplanting of GMO crops once commercial cultivation is permitted, leading towidespread contamination of the food chain with GM varieties. In its report, Greenpeace said 93 percent of samples taken lastyear from corn fields in five counties in Liaoning province, part of China'sbreadbasket, tested positive for GMO contamination. Furthermore, almost all of the seed samples taken from grainmarkets and samples of corn-based foods at supermarkets in the area also testedpositive. It is very likely that much of the illegal GE corn hasalready entered grain storage warehouses, wholesale and retail markets acrossthe country, ultimately ending up in citizens' food, said Greenpeace in areport. While Greenpeace said it was not clear how the GMO corn seedsgot into the marketplace, it has long been alleged that GMO plants being testedin field trials have been illegally sold to farmers for commercial use. Such reports have intensified public opposition to thetechnology, with some anti-GMO campaigners going as far as suing the governmentover the failure to disclose information about its approvals for imported GMOcrops and plans to allow domestic cultivation. Among the six corn seed strains that tested positive in theLiaoning seed market, three have not been certified by China's agricultureministry, while three others were certified as conventional seeds and thereforehad been contaminated by GMO varieties, said the organization. The agriculture ministry did not immediately reply to a requestfor comment on the Greenpeace report. The ministry said last year it was changing regulations toincrease supervision of biotech products under development. The GMO corn strains identified in the survey belong tointernational companies Monsanto, Syngenta and Du Pont Pioneer, saidGreenpeace. None of the companies responded to emailed requests for comment. Greenpeace blamed an extremely lax and disorganizedseed market management system for the production and sale of illegal seedvarieties. It said many small seed breeders are not aware of the names ofseeds they are breeding on behalf of other companies nor whether the origins ofthe seeds are legal. Greenpeace recommends that the government investigate all cornbreeding companies and destroy illegal GMO seeds. Additionally, there should beannual inspections of crops in north China during the sowing season, andtougher supervision of GMO crop research and cultivation. It says farmersshould be compensated for their losses if GMO crops are destroyed. The new findings could make Beijing even more cautious aboutproceeding with commercialization of any GMO crops, frustrating internationaland domestic seed firms. Proponents of biotech crops in China argue that commercializingGMO products will reduce the need for farmers to resort to unapproved varietiesto boost their yields. (Reporting By Dominique Patton; Editing by ChristianSchmollinger)
蒋继平在其发表的博文“再次让事实来说话” http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=203132do=blogid=742644 中，他通过对一个超市的调查，试图告诉人们，一种名叫Tortillas的墨西哥食品，主要是用小麦做的，而不是玉米做的，还提供了数据：“从整个货架来看，玉米做的只占到20%，面粉做的占到80%。” 这很让人迷惑，根据常识，墨西哥人的主食是玉米，Tortillas怎么会主要由小麦做的呢？ 我们不妨查一下英语词典，金山词霸有在线查词功能 http://www.iciba.com/ ，输入单词Tortillas，得出的词义解释为：n. 玉米粉圆饼( tortilla的名词复数)。金山词霸同时提供了柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典的释义： (用玉米面和鸡蛋制成的)墨西哥玉米薄饼 A tortilla is a piece of thin flat bread that first came from Mexico, and is made from corn and eggs。看到这里可知，Tortillas根据原始含义确实是由玉米制作的，这很好理解，因为Tortillas原本就是墨西哥食品，墨西哥人的主食是玉米。 再进一步去看例句， 8个例句中的7个出现的是单词Tortillas，1个例句中出现的单词为Corn tortillas，6个翻译为玉米饼或玉米粉圆饼等，显然是由玉米制作；有2个翻译为薄烙饼、小饼，没有明确是否由玉米制作。 从蒋继平博主提供的照片中，找到2个名叫flour tortillas的产品，确实是小麦面粉做的。 再查维基百科可知，tortillas的传统的制作方法是以玉米为原料，随着墨西哥移民大批来到美国以后，tortillas也传到了美国，在美国出现了各种各样的创新制作方法，也包括也开始用小麦面粉制作tortillas。人们为了区别传统的tortillas，就在tortillas前面加上修饰词flour，即flour tortillas，以表明是小麦面粉制作的，相应地corn tortillas的表达也就出现了。其实corn tortillas就是墨西哥人的传统食品tortillas，一般来说英文句子中如果只出现tortillas就翻译成玉米粉圆饼，出现flour tortillas才翻译成面粉薄饼。 所以网友说tortillas主要是玉米做的，不能算错。至于Tortillas传播到美国以后，美国人将多少Tortillas做成了flour tortillas，还有多少tortillas是维持墨西哥人传统的用玉米制作的tortillas，不得而知。博主的样本量少，也缺少代表性，尚不能据此断定就是80%和20%的比例。 结合蒋继平博主一贯的反对转基因的立场，不难猜测，博主可能试图将美国人吃转基因玉米的数量往小了说，但是，三千多万墨西哥移民是个不小的数字，全部都入乡随俗，放弃玉米为主食的习惯的可能性似乎太小了。
转基因作物长期生物安全性评估：抗虫Bt11转基因玉米不影响小鼠的后代表现以及寿命 转载自 http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-worldlook-831995-1.shtml 楼主： GARUNNER523 时间：2013-07-22 ------------------------------------------------- 2009年，日本国立动物健康研究所（National Institute of Animal Health）的中岛康之（Yasuyuki Nakajima）在在《公开植物科学杂志》（The Open Plant Science Journal）3卷49-53页发表了标题为Longterm Biosafety Assessment of A Genetically Modified (GM) Plant: The Genetically Modified (GM) Insect-Resistant Bt11 Corn Does Not Affect the Performance of Multi-Generations or Life Span of Mice的论文。（转基因作物长期生物安全性评估：抗虫Bt11转基因玉米不影响小鼠的后代表现以及寿命） 这个研究历时数年，总共进行了5代，其中第四代一直喂养到动物自然死亡，寿命最长的一只老鼠居然是喂食转基因玉米的，活了1072天，相当于人类117岁。最后的结论是Bt转基因玉米无害。既不影响老鼠的自然寿命，也不影响老鼠的后代。 反转基因的斗士们，该如何面对这个研究呢？ 应对之策楼主已经帮大家想好了： （1）这个中岛康之被孟山都的收买了，昧着良心撒谎； （2）没有发现危害不等于没有危害，在大自然面前人类是多么的渺小和无知； （3）动物和人一样吗？人民不是小白鼠； （4）欧洲人不吃转基因，日本人不吃转基因，农业部不吃转基因...... （5）转基因让领导先吃，让这个中岛康之先吃，让楼主先吃，祖孙三代天天吃转基因； ...... ---------------------- 文克玲评注： 原来转基因作物长期生物安全性评估，日本科学家早就做过了。五代，四年以上。 科学家觉得很正常，没有特别反应。 媒体觉得没有新闻价值，不值得炒作。 反转干将自然视而不见。 哈哈！ ---------
墨西哥是玉米的故乡，人类培育的大部分玉米起源于该国。墨西哥人针对转基因玉米的态度，值得我们借鉴。 墨西哥法官禁绝转基因玉米 指控造成迫在眉睫威胁 来源： 新浪博客 | 作者：陈一文 | 点击：4036 | 拉·阔帕拉查，联邦法官，命令墨西哥的农业部长，以及环保部长，立即“终止涉及在墨西哥转基因玉米种植的一切活动，终止对实验性的以及商业化种植先导项目的批准。” 该项没有先例的禁令由墨西哥城民事事务第十二联邦地区法院发布。法官杰米·埃杜瓦·瓦杜果写了该项法律意见，并将“对环境造成迫在眉睫危害的风险”是该项决定的基础。法官的命令同时裁决，在公民、农民、科学家与公民社会团体发起的联合法律诉讼做出通过司法系统努力期间，禁止像孟山都与先锋这样的跨国公司在墨西哥乡下释放转基因玉米。该项裁决成为墨西哥公民实现“无转基因国”要求长期斗争的里程碑，雷尼·山彻斯·伽林多，诉讼原告方的法律补充说，该项裁决有严格的强制性条款，包括“对允许向墨西哥引入转基因玉米负责任的官员提出刑事罪”的可能性。【评论： 向坚持不懈抵制转基因危害的英雄的墨西哥人民与站到人民立场下达禁绝令的法官致敬！墨西哥人民能够做到，中国人民也一定能够做到！】 Mexican judge bans GMO corn citing ‘imminent threat’ 墨西哥法官禁绝转基因玉米指控“造成迫在眉睫威胁”! 转载与翻译：陈一文( cheniwan@cei.gov.cn ) 《转基因技术与人类安全》研究专家、80年代前全国青联委员 《新浪网》“陈一文顾问博客”： http://blog.sina.com.cn/cheniwan 转载自《食物自由新闻》网站： http://foodfreedomgroup.com/2013/10/12/mexican-judge-bans-gmo-corn-citing-imminent-threat/ By Devon G. Peña Environmental Food Justice 作者：迪文· G ·佩纳环境与食物正义 About the author: Devon G. Peña is a lifelong activist in the environmental justice and resilient agriculture movements, Devon G. Peña is a Professor of American Ethnic Studies, Anthropology, and Environmental Studies at the University of Washington in Seattle. 关于作者： 迪文·G·佩纳是环境性正义与适应性农业运动的一位终身活动家，任西雅图华盛顿大学美国种族研究、人类学以及环境性研究教授。 An October 10 press release with Mexico City byline announces the banning of genetically-engineered corn in Mexico. 2013 年 10 月 10 日 ，墨西哥市名义发表的新闻稿宣布在墨西哥禁绝转基因玉米。 According to the group that issued the press release, La Coperacha, a federal judge has ordered Mexico’s SAGARPA (Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca, y Alimentación), which is Mexico’s Secretary of Agriculture, and SEMARNAT (Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales), which is equivalent of the EPA, to immediately “suspend all activities involving the planting of transgenic corn in the country and end the granting of permission for experimental and pilot commercial plantings”. 根据发布新闻稿的组织，拉·阔帕拉查，联邦法官，命令墨西哥的农业部长，以及环保部长，立即“终止涉及在墨西哥转基因玉米种植的一切活动，终止对实验性的以及商业化种植先导项目的批准。” The unprecedented ban was granted by the Twelfth Federal District Court for Civil Matters of Mexico City. Judge Jaime Eduardo Verdugo J. wrote the opinion and cited “the risk of imminent harm to the environment” as the basis for the decision. 该项没有先例的禁令由墨西哥城民事事务第十二联邦地区法院发布。法官杰米·埃杜瓦·瓦杜果写了该项法律意见，并将“对环境造成迫在眉睫危害的风险”是该项决定的基础。 The judge’s order also ruled that multinationals like Monsanto and Pioneer are banned from the release of transgenic maize in the Mexican countryside” as long as collective action lawsuits initiated by citizens, farmers, scientists, and civil society organizations are working their way through the judicial system. 法官的命令同时裁决，在公民、农民、科学家与公民社会团体发起的联合法律诉讼做出通过司法系统努力期间，禁止像孟山都与先锋这样的跨国公司在墨西哥乡下释放转基因玉米。 The decision was explained during a press conference in Mexico City yesterday by members of the community-based organizations that sued federal authorities and companies introducing transgenic maize into Mexico. 发起控诉转基因玉米引入墨西哥的联邦政府部门与公司的社区为基础的团体的成员，昨天在墨西哥城举行的新闻发布会上对法院的决定进行了解释。 The group, Acción Colectiva, is led by Father Miguel Concha of the Human Rights Center Fray Francisco de Vittoria; Victor Suarez of ANEC (National Association of Rural Commercialization Entertprises); Dr. Mercedes Lopéz of Vía Organica; and Adelita San Vicente, a teacher and member of Semillas de Vida , a national organization that has been involved in broad-based social action projects to protect Mexico’s extraordinary status as a major world center of food crop biodiversity. 称之为《联合行动》的团体的领导人， Fray Francisco de Vittoria 人权中心米格尔·孔查牧师；农村商业企业全国协会（ ANEC ）的维克多·苏阿雷兹；有机协会的莫西迪斯·罗佩兹，以及阿迪丽塔·圣·维森特，老师与 Semillas de Vida 成员，涉及保护墨西哥作为粮食作物生物多样性世界中心特别资源广阔社会行动项目一个全国性组织。 According to the press release, Acción Colectiva aims to achieve absolute federal declaration of the suspension of the introduction of transgenic maize in all its various forms – including experimental and pilot commercial plantings – in Mexico, “which is the birthplace of corn in the world”. 依据新闻稿，《联合行动》的目标是实现联邦宣布在“世界玉米的发源地”墨西哥全境全面禁绝引入转基因玉米的所有形式 – 包括实验性的以及商业化种植先导项目。 This ruling marks a milestone in the long struggle of citizen demands for a GMO-free country, acknowledged Rene Sanchez Galindo, legal counsel for the plaintiffs in the lawsuit, adding that the ruling has serious enforcement provisions and includes the possibility of “criminal charges for the authorities responsible for allowing the introduction of transgenic corn in our country”. 该项裁决成为墨西哥公民实现“无转基因国”要求长期斗争的里程碑，雷尼·山彻斯·伽林多，诉讼原告方的法律补充说，该项裁决有严格的强制性条款，包括“对允许向墨西哥引入转基因玉米负责任的官员提出刑事罪”的可能性。 Father Miguel Concha said the judge’s decision reflects a commitment to respect the Precautionary Principle expressed in various international treaties and statements of human rights. Concha emphasized that the government is obliged to protect the human rights of Mexicans against the economic interests of big business. 米格尔·孔查牧师说，法官的决定反映尊重某些国际协议与人权声明中表达的“预防性原则”的承诺。孔查牧师强调，政府有责任保护墨西哥人民遭到大企业经济利益威胁的人权。 The lawsuit seeks to protect the “human right to save and use the agrobiodiversity of native landraces from the threats posed by GMO maize”, said the human rights advocate. 该项法律诉讼寻求保护“挽救与使用遭到转基因玉米威胁的地方品种的农业生物多样性”，人权活动者强调。 The class action lawsuit is supported by scientific evidence from studies that have – since 2001 – documented the contamination of Mexico’s native corn varieties by transgenes from GMO corn, principally the varieties introduced by Monsanto’s Roundup ready lines and the herbicide-resistant varieties marketed by Pioneer and Bayer CropScience. 该项共同起诉得到 2001 年以来的研究科学证据的支持 – 它们档案记录了墨西哥当地玉米品种遭到转基因玉米的污染，主要是孟山都引入的抗草甘膦转基因品种以及杜邦先锋与德国拜耳作物科学推销的抗除草剂品种。 参考资料： 农业部官方网站《转基因权威关注》刊载农业部农业转基因生物安全管理办公室2013-04-27造谣文章《 国外转基因 “ 事件 ” 有哪些？ 》： http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zswd/201304/t20130427_3446865.htm “(4)关于墨西哥玉米基因污染事件2001年11月，美国加利福尼亚州立大学伯克莱分校的两位研究人员在Nature上发表文章，称在墨西哥南部地区采集的6个玉米地方品种样本中，发现有CaMV35S启动子及与转基因抗虫玉米Bt11中的adhl基因相似的序列。文章发表后受到很多学者的批评，指出其试验方法上有许多错误。一是原作者测出的CaMV35S启动子，经复查证明是假阳性;二是原作者测出的adhl基因是玉米中本来就存在的adhl?F基因，与转入Bt11玉米中的外源adhl?S基因，两者的基因序列完全不同。事后，Nature编辑部发表声明，称“这篇论文证据不充分，不足以证明其结论”。墨西哥小麦玉米改良中心也发表声明指出，经对种质资源库和从田间收集的152份材料的检测，均未发现35S启动子。” 墨西哥玉米转基因污染事件，农业部官员公然撒谎谁来管？ http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102e0u8.html 神话：Chapela检测结果错误;真相：墨西哥玉米转基因污染 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bb17e9d0102e1g4.html The collection of the growing body of scientific research on the introgression of transgenes into Mexico’s native corn genome has been a principal goal and activity of the national campaign, Sin Maíz, No Hay Paíz . 搜集到一起的越来越多关于转基因渗入墨西哥当地玉米品种基因组的科学研究，一直是《没有了玉米，就没有了国家》全国性运动的主要目标与活动。
来自日本学者的研究发现，喂 20 ％的直链玉米淀粉可以促进肠道氢的产生，预防肝脏缺血引起的转氨酶增加。该论文最近发表在 Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health 。 全文： Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health Vol. 31 (4), 103_108, 2012 .pdf 本研究目的是观察喂高氢抗性淀粉对亚急性肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。大鼠饲喂 20 ％的高直链玉米淀粉（ HAS ）或普通饮食对照 14 天。于第 12 天，制备肝脏 30 分钟缺血 45 分钟再灌注模型（这个研究显然有预防的目的和成分）。和对照组相比，喂高直链玉米淀粉的动物门静脉氢器浓度显著增加。缺血引起的血浆中丙氨酸转移酶和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶增加受到明显抑制。结果表明，促进肠道细菌氢气产生的抗性淀粉对肝脏缺血有显著的预防效果。这一研究提示，高直链玉米淀粉可以作为一种诱导氢产生的健康食品成分。对各种氢气有效的疾病具有潜在的预防价值。 评价：该研究中和氧化应激相关的指标没有发现明显改变，特别是没有针对肝脏组织进行形态学观察是非常不够的。作为氢效应研究的模式，连续喂食对肝脏缺血的预防，从道理上并不是非常合理的设计。 采用灵敏的氢检测仪器，对各类可能影响氢产生的食品进行筛选，或许可以寻找到一类可以促进健康的保健食品。例如含甘露醇很高的冬虫夏草和海带，经过变性处理的淀粉，大豆中的寡聚糖等等。 We examined whether feeding high hydrogen generating resistant starch could suppress subacute hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury. Rats were fed a control diet with or without 20% high amylose cornstarch (HAS) supplementation for 14 days. On day 12, rats were subject to ischemia-reperfusion treatment. Portal hydrogen concentration was higher in the HAS group compared with the control group. Increased plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities due to ischemiareperfusion treatment tended to decrease, and a significant reduction was observed by HAS feeding when compared with the control group. In conclusion, HAS, which enhances hydrogen generation in the hindgut, alleviated subacute hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
转基因玉米让你生病了吗？一个女人如何被告知流行的成分是她的失眠，头痛和慢性恶心的原因 Is GMO CORN making you sick? How one woman was told that the popular ingredient was the cause of her insomnia, headaches and chronic nausea Corn is in everything from take-away coffee cups to Vitamin E supplements Experts say that natural cross-pollination from genetically modified crops to organic crops means there is no such thing as GMO-free corn anymore By DAILY MAIL REPORTER PUBLISHED: 16:37 EST, 29 July 2013 | UPDATED: 16:50 EST, 29 July 2013 802 shares 29 View comments A woman who suffered from 'weird' symptoms like burning face rashes, pain in her joints, chronic fatigue, nausea, severe insomnia and a constant head cold, has opened up about her deteriorating health and how genetically modified c orn may be to blame. In an essay for Elle.com , Caitlin Shetterly, 37, explains how after nearly four years of frustrating doctor visits and no explanation in sight, the mother-of-one was diagnosed as having developed a reaction to genetically modified corn by allergist Paris Mansmann. But the MD's directive to strip all corn from her diet was harder than the Portand, Maine resident and author of Made for You and Me: Going West, Going Broke, Finding Home, could have ever imagined. Health risk: Caitlin Shetterly, 37, from Portland, Maine, suffered from face rashes, joint pain and a constant head cold; after four years of doctor visits, she was diagnosed as having developed a reaction to GMO corn Mr Mansmann’s advice was to eliminate all corn, even organic corn, because 'it's almost impossible to find a corn source in the U.S. that doesn’t have the in it,' he said. Many experts agree that because of cross-pollination via winds, birds, and bees, from genetically modified crops to organic crops, there is no such thing as GMO-free corn anymore. A desperate Mrs Shetterly , whose tight, achy joints meant that her hands froze into claws while she slept and hurt to uncurl in the morning, expected Mr Mansmann's recommended diet to be a cinch. More... Is the McDonald's McDouble the 'cheapest, most nutritious and bountiful food that has ever existed in human history?' The bread that can help you get fitter, not fatter: Loaf contains SEVEN TIMES as much protein as regular bread - and it's full of Omega 3 too 'After all, how hard could it be to give up corn?' she wrote. 'The answer was: way harder than I imagined.' Corn popped up everywhere: in tea bags, juice, and cheese culture; it lined her take-away coffee cups and even plastic bags full of frozen vegetables. 'Almost everything my family used, no matter how piously natural and organic, had corn in it. It came under the guise of dozens of names like “xanthan gum,” “natural flavors,” “free-flowing agents,” “vitamin E,” “ascorbic acid,” “citric acid,” and “cellulose,” to name a few,' she explained. And because c orn is fed to animals whose meat and eggs she ate, and whose milk she drank, Mrs Shetterly had to restrict her diet to only vegetables, grains other than corn, grass-fed beef and dairy, and wild fish. 'Almost everything my family used, no matter how piously natural and organic, had corn in it' 'My husband and I threw ourselves into the corn-free diet with gusto: We began baking all our bread, we learned how to make our own flour tortillas and sweet treats like muffins and cakes. 'We eschewed anything premade and began gathering foods from local sources we could trust. I stopped taking every medicine or supplement with corn in it (which was most of them). Wherever I went, I took my own stainless-steel coffee cup.' Mr Mansmann estimated that it would take about four months of eliminating corn for the white blood cells called eosinophil - which were in overproduction thanks to the genetically modified corn's proteins, which were acting as allergens - to cycle out of Mrs Shetterly's body. But blaming genetically modified foods for any kind of health problem is controversial. Amal Assa’ad, MD, dismissed anxiety over the safety of genetically modified corn. 'What’s wrong with chemicals?' she asked. 'A lot of chemicals have helped us—a lot of medications are chemicals. ' produce better crops that have increased production, that are resistant to pesticides—crops that can feed the rest of the world.' Starting in the Eighties, the biotechnology giant Monsanto began to genetically alter corn to withstand its herbicide Roundup, so that weeds but be eradicated but not crops. Enlarge More transparency: Whole Foods Market announced this March that by 2018 everything it sells in the U.S. and Canada will be labeled to show customers genetically modified products The changes in the corn's DNA produce certain kinds of proteins that can act as allergens, provoking multisystemics disorders, such as Mrs Shetterly's, according to Mr Mansmann. 'It's important to understand that the proteins actually become systemic throughout the plant, so it cannot be washed off,' explained Dr Joseph Mercola, the author of the No-Grain Diet and The Great Bird Flu Hoax. 'Once you eat it, it ends up in your gut where it can wreak total havoc with your health, considering the fact that 80 percent of your immune system resides there and is dependent on a healthy ratio of good and bad bacteria.' Previously , Mrs Shetterly had tried everything from painkillers; elimination diets of nuts, soy, dairy and gluten; herbal supplements; iodine pills; hormone treatments; acupuncture; a meditation class and even a treatment of antibiotics for Lyme disease, but nothing worked. Caitlin Shetterly: The author explains how it took nearly four years of frustrating doctor visits for her diagnosis After four months of a corn-free lifestyle, her skin rashes began to dissipate. 'Then, slowly, my body stopped aching, and I could walk or even jog easily, for the first time in years,' she remarked. 'I started to have more energy, and I slept better at night. The head cold went away—poof—and I wasn’t going through a box of tissues a day. My hands became less stiff. 'I realized, in retrospect, that my frozen hands had been the hardest symptom to tolerate: I could barely button my son’s small shirts or apply a Band-Aid, which made me feel useless as a mother.' With the fairly widespread acceptance of genetically modified foods in the U.S., compared with Europe where they are banned in many countries, it seems the allergens are here to stay. But better labeling of such products is slowly increasing, helping thousands of people who suffer from such allergies. Whole Foods Market, for example, announced this March that by 2018 everything it sells in the U.S. and Canada will be labeled to show genetically modified organisms. But Mrs Shetterly's fight is far from over. ' Although Dr Mansmann told me that most people allergic to genetically modified corn can end up tolerating small amounts after a couple years of abstinence,' she wrote, 'each time I’ve dared cheat, I’ve awoken the next morning with a frozen left hand, a sore hip, and a facial rash. ' Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2380985/Is-GMO-CORN-making-sick-How-woman-discovered-widely-used-ingredient-caused-insomnia-chronic-nausea-headaches.html#ixzz2al18lTiS Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook Controversy Main article: Genetically modified food controversies The genetically modified foods controversy is a dispute over the relative advantages and disadvantages of food derived from GMOs, genetically modified crops used to produce food and other goods, and other uses of genetically modified organisms in food production. The dispute involves consumers, farmers, biotechnology companies, governmental regulators, non-governmental organizations and scientists. The key areas of controversy related to genetically modified (GM) food are: risk of harm from GM food, whether GM food should be labeled, the role of government regulators, the effect of GM crops on the environment, the impact of GM crops for farmers, including farmers in developing countries, the role of GM crops in feeding the growing world population, and GM crops as part of the industrial agriculture system. There is broad scientific consensus that food on the market derived from GM crops pose no greater risk than conventional food. No reports of ill effects from eating GM food have been documented in the human population. Supporters of food derived from GMOs hold that food is as safe as other foods and that labels send a message to consumers that GM food is somehow dangerous. They trust that regulators and the regulatory process are sufficiently objective and rigorous, and that risks of contamination of the non-GM food supply and of the environment can be managed. They trust that there is sufficient law and regulation to maintain competition in the market for seeds, believe that GM technology is key to feeding a growing world population, and view GM technology as a continuation of the manipulation of plants that humans have conducted for millennia. Some advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund have concerns that risks of GM food have not been adequately identified and managed, and have questioned the objectivity of regulatory authorities. Opponents of food derived from GMOs are concerned about the safety of the food itself and wish for GMOs to be banned or at least labeled on the food packages of foods they are in. They have concerns about the objectivity of regulators and rigor of the regulatory process, about contamination of the non-GM food supply, about effects of GMOs on the environment, about industrial agriculture in general, and about the consolidation of control of the food supply in companies that make and sell GMOs, especially in the developing world. Some are concerned that GM technology tampers too deeply with nature. Other environmental groups, including The Nature Conservancy and former anti-GMO campaigner Mark Lynas support the use of GMOs as beneficial for the environment.
瑞士化学家保罗·赫尔曼·穆勒（1899年1月 - 1965年10月12日）获得1948年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，他1939年发现和使用滴滴涕杀虫剂控制病媒引起的疾病如疟疾和黄热病。它宣布走向全世界胜利--征服害虫。中国科学院院士蒲蛰龙先生 一针见血地指出 : 农药 滴滴涕杀虫剂 漂移 污染 环境导致出现 《寂静的春天》, 怪只怪在征服自然的伟大科学运动中，人类自己都无可避免地成了科学实验的 “ 小白鼠 ” ，而且现在仍然如此-"转基因玉米和肿瘤"-人类自己成了科学实验的“小白鼠”，而且仍然是不可避免的。这想起来，免不了总有点悲哀。 ” 事實上，西方人也是探索中，看如下： GMO CORN LINKED TO CANCER TUMORS By Mike Adams, Natural News Eating genetically modified corn (GMO corn) has caused rats to develop horrifying tumors, widespread organ damage, and premature death. That's the conclusion of a shocking new study that looked at the long-term effects of consuming Monsanto's genetically modified corn. The study was published in The Food Chemical Toxicology Journal and was just presented at a news conference in London. The study has been deemed "the most thorough research ever published into the health effects of GMO food crops and the herbicide Roundup on rats." News of the horrifying findings is spreading fast, with even the mainstream media in shock over the photos of rats with multiple grotesque tumors; tumors so large the rats even had difficulty breathing in some cases. GMOs may be the new thalidomide. "Monsanto Roundup weedkiller and GMO maize implicated in 'shocking' new cancer study" wrote The Grocery, a popular UK publication. It reported, "Scientists found that rats exposed to even the smallest amounts, developed mammary tumors and severe liver and kidney damage as early as four months in males, and seven months for females." The Daily Mail reported, "Fresh row over GMO foods as French study claims rats fed the controversial crops suffered tumors." It goes on to say: "The animals on the GMO diet suffered mammary tumors, as well as severe liver and kidney damage. The researchers said 50 percent of males and 70 percent of females died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group." The Study The study, led by Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen, was the first ever study to examine the long-term (lifetime) effects of eating GMOs. You may find yourself thinking it is absolutely astonishing that no such studies were ever conducted before GMO corn was approved for widespread use by the USDA and FDA, but such is the power of corporate lobbying and corporate greed. Findings From The StudyHere are some of the shocking findings from the study: Up to 50% of males and 70% of females suffered premature death. Rats that drank trace amounts of Roundup (at levels legally allowed in the water supply) had a 200% to 300% increase in large tumors. Rats fed GMO corn and traces of Roundup suffered severe organ damage including liver damage and kidney damage. The study fed these rats NK603, the Monsanto variety of GMO corn that's grown across North America and widely fed to animals and humans. This is the same corn that's in your corn-based breakfast cereal, corn tortillas and corn snack chips. The UK's Daily Mail is reporting on some of the reaction to the findingsFrance's Jose Bove, vice-chairman of the European Parliament's commission for agriculture and known as a fierce opponent of GMO, called for an immediate suspension of all EU cultivation and import authorisations of GMO crops. 'This study finally shows we are right and that it is urgent to quickly review all GMO evaluation processes,' he said in a statement. 'National and European food security agencies must carry out new studies financed by public funding to guarantee healthy food for European consumers.' Our analysis clearly reveals for the 3 GMOs new side effects linked with GMO maize consumption, which were sex- and often dose-dependent. Effects were mostly associated with the kidney and liver, the dietary detoxifying organs, although different between the 3 GMOs. Other effects were also noticed in the heart, adrenal glands, spleen and haematopoietic system. We conclude that these data highlight signs of hepatorenal toxicity, possibly due to the new pesticides specific to each GMO corn. In addition, unintended direct or indirect metabolic consequences of the genetic modification cannot be excluded. Here Are Some Quotes From The Researchers About The Findings "This research shows an extraordinary number of tumors developing earlier and more aggressively - particularly in female animals. I am shocked by the extreme negative health impacts." - Dr Michael Antoniou, molecular biologist, King's College London. "We can expect that the consumption of GMO maize and the herbicide Roundup, impacts seriously on human health." - Dr Antoniou. "This is the first time that a long-term animal feeding trial has examined the impact of feeding GMO corn or the herbicide Roundup, or a combination of both and the results are extremely serious. In the male rats, there was liver and kidney disorders, including tumors and even more worryingly, in the female rats, there were mammary tumors at a level which is extremely concerning; up to 80 percent of the female rats had mammary tumors by the end of the trial." - Patrick Holden, Director, Sustainable Food Trust. http://foodmatters.tv/articles-1/gm-corn-linked-to-cancer-tumors THE STUDY ABSTRACT CAN BE READ HEREThe study is entitled, "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health." and the abstract can be read here: http://www.biolsci.org/v05p0706.htm Source Link: h ttp://www.naturalnews.com/037249_GMO_study_cancer_tumors Brian Barackman · FJC The Feds should charge Monsanto with terrorism crimes, imprison all affiliated, confiscate all assets and use the money to rid the planet of GMO's. There is no seeds because they want to in slave the world. Reply · 1 · · 14 June at 13:16 William Kimball · Top commenter Do you even know why you hate Monsanto? You don't... the reason you hate them is because of the OTHER pesticide and herbicide companies' propaganda, they dump it on the web and people eat it up. They do it in ways that provide no scientific credibility while being totally convincing to people who cannot understand science. The Monsanto haters are just more "Useful Idiots". They spread information that is untrue, they are a plague. This study proved little more then the fact that rats get tumors. That is the real results of this study... http://news.discovery.com/ earth/plants/ gm-corn-tumor-study-120920. htm Reply · · 19 July at 13:40 Keith Douglas · Top commenter Unfortunately, the study led by Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen has been largely determined to be flawed by much of the Scientific community which has been unable to reproduce it with these results and has called on Seralini et al to provide the complete data for review. That said, read the stickers on produce. As noted in other posts, these will alert one to which is or is not GMO. And, of course, the ORGANIC labelling precludes these. Mary Shelley had it spot on, the Promethean monster does ultimately destroy it's maker. If we agree to use these products we collude with the likes of Monsanto. Reply · 1 · · 28 May at 06:25 Nicki Jones Awe those poor animals:( Reply · 1 · · 27 May at 11:40 Heather McCoy Agreed. Genetically modified not good Reply · · 27 May at 13:23 William Kimball · Top commenter Heather McCoy too bad the rats were going to get those tumors no matter what food they ate... Sucks to be a rat with high tumor rates in a non-scientific study. Reply · · 19 July at 13:41 Ceally Patterson Fight for your right to know your food!!!! Reply · 2 · · 25 May at 07:51 Sarah O'Brien · Works at Security Guard Scary! Reply · · 26 May at 09:00 Deyan Ruggs · Top commenter · Trent I'm more scared by the fact that people actually think Mike Adams and NaturalNews.com are reliable sources of information... Reply · 3 · · 14 May at 20:40 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison I don't know how reliable they are but this article that they left out would seem to be reliable : http:// www.herbogeminis.com/IMG/ pdf/ roundup_toxicity_seralini-2 .pdf Reply · · 26 May at 22:52 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University Yes! that is the correct article, not the one on the link above! Thanks for sharing it Michael! Reply · · 27 May at 05:20 Wren Déjà Vu SmilingDeer · School of ROCK It would be nice if you and your beloved chemical company would stop trying to force yourselves upon the world. We really do not want you in our food thank you. Reply · 1 · · 30 May at 16:04 View 5 more Cate Morris · Works at Cate Morris Music This is worth the read! Reply · 1 · · 13 May at 09:21 William Kimball · Top commenter So is this http://news.discovery.com/ earth/plants/ gm-corn-tumor-study-120920. htm Reply · · 19 July at 13:43 Helen Tatsios · Top commenter · State University of New York College at Cortland We should be asking ourselves what kind of president we have. He signed the Monsanto Protection Act. Reply · · 13 May at 08:17 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University The study on the abstract link provided here doesn't show the pictures on the top nor it shows that there were tumors being developed in those animals. The study shows kidney and liver effects and basically the scientists in this article were merely analyzing data from a study that Monsanto did and did wrong (or at least with not enough statistical power and/or proper biochemical tests being conducted). Read the article by clicking on the link mentioned above. Reply · 1 · · 13 May at 06:54 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison http:// www.herbogeminis.com/IMG/ pdf/ roundup_toxicity_seralini-2 .pdf Reply · 1 · · 26 May at 22:45 Michael Iltis · University of Wisconsin-Madison what you say of the abstract is true but not true for the article linked to above which does in fact have the pictures lf these tumors Reply · · 26 May at 22:49 Joana Antunes · PhD student - Biochemistry at Florida International University The link they give you here is of another study and not the cancer one...I told them that, they'll change it soon enough. Thanks for sharing the source! Reply · · 27 May at 05:21 Danny Leblanc · Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Lets start our own country, one field at a time. Reply · 3 · · 8 March at 07:50 Cityminiranch Goats · Portland, Oregon They've even come out with GM Alfalfa so all the regular store milk will be GM contaminated by the cows eating the alfalfa. Then they can be fed GM corn on top of it. It's pervasive. Reply · 1 · · 17 February at 21:43 Benita Kathy Oldaker · Lexington High School My question is, why were the rats allowed to live this long with such horrible tumors throughout their bodies and to suffer God knows what pain! How much more studies are needed to confirm the toxicity levels in animals AND humans? Why isn't the use of animal (cow, horse) manure used to fertilize these crops? Why genetically altered foods? I believe most if not all chemicals that are man made or altered are an endangerment to all living beings! INCLUDING MOST MEDICATIONS! I've said enough! Reply · 2 · · 27 January at 09:27 Carol Denton-Smith You can tell the type of produce by the code. All conventional fruits and vegetables have a number on their label(sticker). Conventional is a 4 digit number. Organic is a 5 digit number beginning with 9. GMO is a 5 digit number beginning with 8. Reply · 7 · · 15 January at 17:22 Judy Johnson · Top commenter · London, United Kingdom It is not just GM corn that is a problem. It is GM anything; it is like Pandora's box! Reply · 2 · · 14 January at 12:57 Pierre Collins · Liberty University I believe that Monsanto should put its money where its mouth is. They say there crap is safe, healthy etc. They should put themselves through a 5 year study proving the safety of their GMO weed killer and crops. Don't market something as being healthy or safe unless you'd be willing to guinea pig yourself to prove that point. Anyone who agrees with me, please write a letter challenging them to do so and send it to. Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63167. Reply · 8 · · 13 January at 18:41 Pierre Collins · Liberty University The sad part about this is the study wasn't taken serious and thanks to those in power, the study has been highly criticized for being inadequate. There's not been any study that's gone beyond 90 days for gmo foods in the U.S. and Monsanto is full of politicians and law makers who work to keep the public in ignorance of these dangerous crops. Articles like this are a drop in the bucket to taking them down, but most people aren't going to read this or won't care if they do. It's sad that something which was created to nourish the body has been manipulated to do the opposite. Reply · 2 · · 13 January at 18:12 Mary Dicerni · Top commenter · Sheridan College Best to get organic seeds from "Seed Savers" and also best in greenhouse because the GMO pollen is around. Heritage seeds will soon disappear unless we save them from monsanto.. Popcorn is my worry.. Reply · 2 · · 11 January at 14:50 Daniel Esteves You can clearly see or read who are the trolls and who is really contributing to this posting. Some are here only to discredit the hard work of others for their own monetary gain, while others are trying to actually HELP humankind NOT kill it! Keep up the good fight, knowledge is power. Reply · 3 · · 10 January at 09:05 Judy Nutting Fletcher Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds is awesome - check them out for pure seeds. Reply · 1 · · 10 January at 05:41 Meh Di · Colorado Check out this other article covering the issue and featuring Food Matters: http:// solsticeson.wordpress.com/ 2013/01/09/ gm-food-causes-tumors-what- happens-when-we-wait/ #more-684 Reply · · 9 January at 19:49 Anna Laura · Representative at Oad Reizen How do I know which corn is genetically modified? Isn't that most of the corn? Reply · · 9 January at 19:24 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc I love heirloom seeds as much as anyone. But it's difficult to feed a family with them, unless you use fungicides. Or unless you have lots of land to grow them knowing you'll lose 50% of your crop. So-called organic pesticides/fungicides are generally more expensive and less effective. Sure it's possible, but it costs more money and time than most people have. YES Heirloom varieties taste better, but DO NOT have more nutrition, DO NOT have more yield, and ARE NOT inherently safer (in my plant science professional opinion). If you want taste, then yes go heirloom! If you want nutrition, then it doesn't matter which you choose - GMO, grocery store, Walmart, organic, or heirloom. Plants are plants, the mechanisms of biology are the same. And there are very few food products that fall under the category of GMO, maybe only be ... See more Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 16:29 Patrick Smiley Go to seedsavers.org for heirloom seeds ... non-GMO Reply · · 9 January at 15:37 Alysia Smith · Lodi, California How do you kinow if something is non-GMO. Does it have to say non-gmo... or is Organic non-gmo. I am looking for a creamer for my coffee that is gmo free.. I like creamer, but not cancer:)) Thank u Food matters for this article and what u do to keep us informed.. if you can help me to know how to avoid gmo's.. that would be great! Reply · · 9 January at 15:11 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc I think you're safe with your coffee creamer, except for the potential trans fats. Or just go with real "dairy creamers" instead of "non-dairy". I don't believe "real" cows are genetically modified.... yet. Reply · · 9 January at 15:20 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Companies that produce these products DO NOT want you to get sick, because then they'll be out of business when we're all dead. If you, or a few rats, eat ONLY corn and Roundup as your sole diet, then you'll probably die, possibly with tumors. With 6 billion people on this planet in 2013, we can still only properly feed 4 billion of us, and unfortunately without modern agriculture techniques (including GMOs) that number goes up. I don't see 2 billion volunteers to give up their food. Reply · · 9 January at 14:44 Bernadette Couture · Chatham, Ontario This infographic was a huge inspiration to us! Look at the incredible loss of diversity (93%) in our major food crops. We can change this! Help us reach the halfway mark to fund our new film SEED: The Untold Story, which will investigate...this loss of diversity and a new movement of hope! http:// www.kickstarter.com/ projects/1165887134/ seed-the-untold-story-docum entary-film *Infographic by John Tomanio, first featured in National Geographic Magazine.See More. This infographic was a huge inspiration to us! Look at the incredible loss of diversity (93%) in our major food crops. We can change this! Help us reach the halfway mark to fund our new film SEED: The Untold Story, which will investigate...this loss of diversity and a new movement of hope! http:// www.kickstarter.com/ projects/1165887134/ seed-the-untold-story-docum ent ... See more Reply · · 9 January at 14:11 Lori Nellessen-Meszaros We keep hearing that bees are dying off because of cell phone use... Ever thought its from the bees trying to cross pollenate GMO crops??? Reply · · 9 January at 13:30 Andrea Barnes · Westwood College How do you know if you are getting GMO foods? Reply · · 9 January at 11:51 Graeme Kearney The true meaning of DNA is "DO NOT AJUST" Make this year the year you plant and eat your own vegetables. Reply · · 9 January at 11:14 Cathy Fleming · Virginia Tech STOP SHARING THIS! The scientific article linked at the end isn't even the one talked about in this smear of an article. "A Comparison of the Effects of Three GM Corn Varieties on Mammalian Health." is published in the International Journal of Biological Sciences - NOT The Food Chemical Toxicology Journal. AND THE WORD TUMOR DOES NOT EXIST IN THAT ARTICLE! Reply · 3 · · 9 January at 10:46 Dan Willis · Grants Pass, Oregon As a top secret military witness who testified in Washington regarding illegal rogue government operations that have hidden technologies that would help humanity and the planet, I can tell you there is without doubt a shadowy government that has a plan to dramatically reduce the population on the planet through various means and the GMOs are without a doubt a major part of that plan. The mainstream media is controlled so you won't hear about this on CNN, CBS etc People need to demand accountability from the media and expose the manipulations within our entire infrastructure. There are solutions to the worlds problems that can serve humanity better than the agenda of a few. Reply · 16 · · 9 January at 08:56 Linda Montgomery Keep up the good work Dan! You are an exemplary human being. Are you familiar with the expression, "Energy flows where attention goes ?" I say, focus on what is truthful and life affirming. Let the rest atrophy and drop dead. Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 10:15 Carol G. Carrillo · Emory University I have absolutely no doubt this is the plan and it is frightening. Reply · · 10 January at 09:29 Judith Lawson · Georgetown University Dan Willis or anyone who knows how to contact him, please be in touch with me ASAP. jwzcls@gmail.com Independent investigative journalist working on Monsanto story. Reply · · 13 May at 13:06 Linda Watson · Chief cook and researcher at Cook for Good This article links to an older study that called for the long-term study that's currently making the news. Here's the correct link: http://ac.els-cdn.com/ S0278691512005637/ 1-s2.0-S0278691512005637-ma in.pdf?_tid=b7e68a50-5a7a- 11e2-99b1-00000aab0f6cacd nat=1357749575_d6f92cb777e 117a852d523d0272897bd Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 08:40 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Thank you for posting this. I think it proves that the current article making the rounds is complete B.S. Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 15:29 Terrie Brown For the folks who are promoting to "Grow Your Own" - please beware that Monsanto has also infiltrated some of the SEED companies. Please do your research on the seed companies also. Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:51 longhornchristianacademy (signed in using yahoo) How are Texans supposed to eat our Tex-Mex? Full of corn tortillas, etc. There needs to be an uprising! Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:24 longhornchristianacademy (signed in using yahoo) How are Texans supposed to eat their Tex-Mex? There needs to be an uprising! Reply · · 9 January at 06:23 Maryanne Johnston · Owner at Lil' Sweetpeas Organic Dayhome And we wonder why there are so many children with cancer!!!! This sickens me Reply · · 9 January at 05:58 Debbie Mullins · Huntington Beach High Some people thought the world would end on 12-21-12 and others thought there would be a shift in global conciousness. I think the shift is happening now. Maybe this is what the Mayans were talking about. While this study is obviously devastating news I couldn't be more excited that the truth about Monsanto is finally being revealed by the scientists. Maybe now all my friends and family who have called me 'crazy' when I bring this up will have to open their eyes and see the truth--and it will literally save their lives. Death to Monsanto, the FDA, the USDA and Big Pharma who makes big money when big groups of people get big tumors. I wish all those poor 3rd, 4th and 5th generation farmers could get their farms back after Monsanto's 'investigators' put them out of business because of a corn stalk on their land wind-pollinated by the franken-corn. Now that the word is out let's revolt...... and re-vote on that GMO labeling bill. Reply · 14 · · 9 January at 05:53 Mary Ash It isn't only corn we must be looking out for. Soy in its various forms is also in many things. But in addition, most animals that end up being our breakfast, lunch and dinner are raised on GMO feed. No the FDA is not looking out for the people--they are in bed with Monsanto. To quote a newsletter from last fall: "Obama has appointed Monsanto chief lobbyist as senior advisor to the FDA. This is the same man that was in charge of FDA policy when GMO's were allowed into the US food supply without undergoing a single test to determine their safety. He had been Monsanto's attorney before becoming policy chief at the FDA he became Monsanto's Vice President and chief lobbyist. Now Obama made him the senior advisor to the commissioner of the FDA. He is now Obama's food safety czar." Reply · 3 · · 9 January at 04:49 David Smith · Prairie Central High School Dont they feed this same stuff to livestock that we eat wtf is wrong with these peole just shows how important the almighty dollar is Reply · · 9 January at 03:37 John F. Sayer · Barrie Central Collegiate Monsanto the Devils flagship F D A the ships captain Time to change eating habits Share this information with everyone The best weapon avainst this duo THE INTERNET. Reply · · 9 January at 00:20 Maria Mejia · Works at Go Vita - Wynyard Jeannine Shingler, where did you get the idea that this study was discredited? Where did you read this? Because I just read the article you posted and it's got nothing to do with this study. Mark Lynas (founder of an anti-GMO campaign) wasn't involved in the study. So what are you getting at? Like Marilyn said, I do wonder how much he was paid to now promote GMO foods :) Reply · · 8 January at 22:22 Kent Carla Zilliox - 5 Pillar Health Yes, it's safe to say eating Super Foods and doing a nutritional cleanse every so often is the new norm. If you are not doing this your body is collecting GMO's, toxins and other impurities, storing them in fat cells. Our calories and carbs we are eating are nutritionally bankrupt. They say on average a person who thinks they are eating "healthy" (fruits and veggies) they will consume a gallon of pesticides/herbicides/ fungicides annually. I've been on the best super food brand for the last year...what a change (weight loss, sleep, energy, Zest, etc.) Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 21:24 Kent Zilliox · Owner at Self Employed (Business) Actually, becoming the new norm in America, 65% of the planet cleanse regularly. As guess what...the USA is the most unhealthy, sickest industrialized country on Earth. 5% of the planets population and consumes over 50% of all pharmaceuticals sold!!! Big Pharma loves the USA! Reply · · 7 March at 01:09 Cathy Pagendarm Please wake up and see what is happening to your food and other supplies that we are using, called lotions, toothpaste, soaps, shampoo, chemical cleaners (Chemical Flu - check it out) and the list goes on. Grow your own food with organic seeds but make sure the company you get them from aren't owned by companies that produce seed - which are GMO's already. GMO's need to be "Labeled on the Food"! Who agrees with this? Reply · 53 · · 8 January at 20:24 Sonya LaRose · Anchorage, Alaska Everyone keeps saying grow your own food but where do you find the seeds? Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 23:16 Daria Gimon · McGill University That was my question... how do you KNOW you're eating GMO corn or GMO anything? Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 06:58 Mark D. Nerger · Top commenter · Owner-Operator at Gulf Coast Grillle There are many organic seed sites on the web. Reply · 5 · · 9 January at 09:15 View 13 more Amy Gilpin · Phoenix, Arizona Scary!! Reply · · 8 January at 20:04 Lee Carter · Top commenter In the 1950s how meany people had a problem with Peanut butter or milk? Could it be that today we are bombarded with over 70,000 new chemicals. People are now eating intimation man made (food) Not real live healthy food like we use to get? Our immune system is over worked trying to keep us alive, We are what we eat and drink. Reply · · 8 January at 19:51 Helen Tatsios · Top commenter · State University of New York College at Cortland i really agree with that. i have a gluten allergy. Reply · · 13 May at 08:47 Dina Delicce Wilson · Founder at Nourish Magazine scary stuff! Reply · · 8 January at 18:21 Steve Bricks · New Bedford, Massachusetts Disgusting Reply · · 8 January at 18:14 Jeannine Shingler · Top commenter · Chief Shaker Dream Maker at IsaBody Lifestyle · 253 subscribers It's too bad Food Matters doesn't do a more scientific vetting before spreading mis-information. This study has been discredited -- bad science. And in fact one of the founders of the anti-gmo movements has recanted his position and regrets spreading inflammatory, irresponsible and non-science rhetoric about the science of food production. Check out his public lecture here where he details his regrets and the many ways he got the science wrong. My hope is that Food Matters will turn to science to promote wellness living http://www.marklynas.org/ 2013/01/ lecture-to-oxford-farming-c onference-3-january-2013/ . Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 18:06 Linda Murphy · Top commenter · Nutritional Counselling at Registered Holistic Nutritionist There is plenty of science showing the rf Effects of the dangers of GMO 's. have you read the book from Jeffery smith. Reply · 2 · · 8 January at 18:40 Paul Fassa · Top commenter · Santa Fe, New Mexico So now Monsanto has a super shill! What is it with you pod people that come on as scientific eggheads to defend an evil corporation that harms small farmers with a stated goal of controlling the world's food supply? There have been several international studies that recommend regional organic farming with a focus on supplying each region's food is the way to avoid world hunger. BTW - an academic whistle blower has testified that it's the main GMO gene transfer agemt CaMV35 that raises hell with our intestinal flora that's a major part of our immune systems. Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 21:48 Marilyn Joyce · Top commenter · Inspirational Author, Speaker and Trainer at Dr Marilyn Joyce · 1,103 subscribers And I wonder who in govt and/or Big Pharma (or both) paid this scientist off to recant his position - or instilled in him the fear of death for himself and his family! Follow the money honey! My background is science and GMO's in particular. There's plenty of science that proves the hazards of GMO's! It's time to say No to GMO! Reply · 16 · · 8 January at 21:55 View 10 more Shirley Gorman There is something so very wrong when you are looking at a fruit/food package, and trying to find its' origins, or whether it is GMO free and the info is not there. It is such a shame that we consumers are so unprotected when it comes to knowing what we are eating. At the very least, give people info so they can make their own choice! Reply · 17 · · 8 January at 17:42 Linda Montgomery Maybe it is time for us to grow up, take responsibility for whatever is wrong, especially the labeling. Waiting for someone else to do it is an act in futility. There are good food product companies out there that have no problem giving consumers all the information necessary to make an informed choice. We should support them. If in doubt, don't buy it. We also need to learn how to prepare healthy convenience foods. Most convenience foods are toxic or cost prohibitive. Reply · 7 · · 9 January at 10:27 Mary Dicerni · Top commenter · Sheridan College ingredients list on all popcorn packages .. is it GMO popcorn ?? Reply · · 11 January at 14:53 Laura Mertens · Clover park tech college I believe like Dr Price led the way, these foods are changing our sexual balances as well. The first thing to go when breeding animals without proper nutrition is reproduction. Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 17:29 Laura Ririe Pickard Grow your own garden and know exactly where your food comes from! It's just going to get worse, I am sorry to say. Reply · 9 · · 8 January at 17:07 Cynthia Ann Williams · Top commenter · Personal Life Coach at Private Contract Life Coach Schopp Germany Make sure your seeds are organic Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 20:17 Cat Albaugh · Works at Artist, crafter, writer I totally agree, but what is to stop the GMO corn from cross pollinating with our garden corn like it does with nonGmO farmer's corn Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 07:41 Sarah Powell Johnson You also have to be careful where you get any topsoil for your garden. You should also garden in a raised bed so that any contaminants in your or your neighbor's yards don't run-off or drain into your garden. Nothing is simple these days! Reply · 1 · · 9 January at 08:43 View 3 more Martha Dobson Griffith · Parker, Colorado Corn products are in everything! Not just the obvious, lets not forget high fructose corn syrup, which is killing our young. We must educate now! Reply · 24 · · 8 January at 16:53 Christal Bowman · Durham, North Carolina This study has been widely and justifiably panned by the scientific community, including Europe, which is notoriously cautious regarding GMOs. http:// dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/ 2012/10/19/ six-french-science-academie s-dismiss-study-finding-gm -corn-harmed-rats/ http://www.efsa.europa.eu/ en/press/news/121128.htm You can read letters to the editor of the publishing journal here: http:// www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/ S0278691512005637. By the way, the pesticides engineered into these crops are sprayed onto ORGANIC crops, and have been for decades. Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 16:53 Helen Disler · Monash University Have you sourced where the panning originated from, please? And what pesticides are you referring to that are sprayed onto certified organic crops? Reply · 7 · · 8 January at 17:43 Christal Bowman · Durham, North Carolina Yes, you can see the letters and individual responses from other scientists in those links I've supplied (not sure why they are not hyperlinked). It's best to read the responses in the journal itself, but here are a couple more articles regarding the response from the scientific community: http://storify.com/ vJayByrne/ was-seralini-gmo-study-desi gned-to-generate-negati http:// www.foodnavigator.com/ Science-Nutrition/ EU-rejects-Seralini-study-l inking-GM-maize-and-cancer http://rt.com/news/ seralini-corn-cancer-monsan to-study-987/ http://www.forbes.com/ sites/jonentine/2012/09/30/ does-the-seralini-corn-stud y-fiasco-mark-a-turning-po int-in-the-debate-over-gm- food/ The pesticides I refer to (actually insecticides to be technically correct) are the Bt toxins. The Mon810 corn is engineered to make Cry1Ab, and this is one of the Bt toxins, which are approved for use under the label of 'organic' because they are proteins. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 17:59 Tom Cail · New Paris, Ohio Christal, your barking up the wrong tree.Except for one reference to herbicide (bt) the entire article deals with the effects of round-up GMO corn (herbicide). Reply · 4 · · 8 January at 18:26 View 2 more Lynn Tempesta Is this study going to be enough? Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 16:42 Harry Diamond · Executive Trainer and Master Cellular Cleansing Coach at Isagenix If you look, you will notice that "The Elite"(the members of Royalty, societies like the Brotherhood, Masons, Illuminati etc.) DO NOT EAT THIS STUFF. Reply · 10 · · 8 January at 16:35 Kevin Rebal · SHW Good more for me! Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 16:50 Sally Welka · Warrenton, Oregon 'Course NOT!! Population control!! Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 19:54 Leah Hahn I have a tray package of Green Giant corn from Pioneer Growers Cooperatives in my fridge. I went onto there site to see if they are genetically modified in any way. Well, there site looks nice and says all the right things but not one mention of the earth the corn grows from or any mention of any fertilizer or herbicide used in the aiding of the growth of the Super Sweet Corn. Garbage! I think the good folks that have any part of GMO's should be sat down to the table every meal to only the food they have a hand in producing. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:22 Dave Joeright · Head Grower at Spring Meadow Nursery Inc Yes Leah, Of course they are only eating and feeding their families the "special-secret-organic" food, straight-from-the-field corn, without pesticides, and without fertilizers (except manure/shit of course) so they can continue to live long, healthy lives while continuing to control the world... What is this? An episode of the X-Files? BTW rich people don't give a shit about organic non-GMO foods. They eat the same shit the rest of us do. So I kindly disagree with you. Reply · · 9 January at 15:49 Leah Hahn Who said anything about being rich? lol You just said a lot about being ignorant thou!! :D Reply · · 10 January at 14:16 Sandi Brown · Real Estate Broker at Prudential Seaboard Properties please read this other countries did this test. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:09 Caroline Morse · Owner/ President at Delivering Results LLC This is getting dangerous. I keep reading about GMO's causing auto immune disorders, autism and cancer. Be careful. Eat organic! Stay away from restaurant food or moderate eating out. Monsanto needs to feed billions of people. 216,000 new people in the world come to the dinner table each night. This is where the industry has gone with trying to supply huge volumes of food, corn, pestisides, now pesticides inside the corn, Wow! Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:07 Hans Batra · Atlanta, Georgia The Dekalb Farmer's Market is fantastic for organic produce at reasonable prices. I prefer the DFM over Whole Foods. Reply · 3 · · 8 January at 16:26 Roberta Philbrick · Top commenter · University of New Hampshire Really sucks for those consumers who are gluten intolerant...no more corn cereals, chips or tortillas people unless you find them from another country. So sad that our government fails to protect us once again! Reply · 22 · · 8 January at 16:04 Sally Welka · Warrenton, Oregon As stated below, only way is grow 'Your Own'....wouldn't trust foods from another Country, Monsanto is World-Wide....OUR GOVT. 'PROTECT' US?!! Are YOU KIDDING!!?? They're in the 'Pockets' whatever of the Elite, WhoEVER is Running this world!! THEY could give a S*$!! Reply · 11 · · 8 January at 19:58 Anaïs Nedermeijer Organic corn is safe Reply · 5 · · 8 January at 23:14 Renee Marie Dattellas There are plenty of gluten free products that are GMO free. And more companies are labeling their packaging. Just bought a yummy bag of GMO free tortilla chips the other day!! Reply · 4 · · 9 January at 07:04 View 4 more Kendra Babcock · Works at Leprino Foods Wow... I've been saying this all a long and get called crazy from time to time... I knew IT! Reply · · 8 January at 16:01 Erica Babcock Noble · Watertown High School That sucks....I am sure it's just the tip of the iceberg. I can only imagine what all the unpronounceable additives to food does to us... Reply · 2 · · 9 January at 03:36 John Swartz · Owner at Self Employed Contractor Eating genetically modified corn (GMO corn) and consuming trace levels of Monsanto's Roundup chemical fertilizer.. caused rats to develop horrifying tumors! Are we Next? Reply · 1 · · 8 January at 15:52 Traci Lee Park · Works at Volunteer for meals on wheels This is real. Know what you are eating and what your kids are eating. Eff the FDA and USDA! Reply · 9 · · 8 January at 15:50 John-LaRae Groom · Owner/Diver at Underworld Diving Services Thank You... :) Reply · · 8 January at 19:08 Venus - A Fitness Studio For Her Please read this article. It shows alarming effects of GMO corn (which is pretty much all corn). Reply · · 8 January at 15:50 Suzanne Fillion · Vice President/CFO at Fillion Home I so believe this! Reply · · 8 January at 15:49 Related Products GENETIC ROULETTE Never-Before-Seen-Evidence points to genetically engineered foods as a major contributor to rising disease rates in the US population, especially among children. Monsanto’s strong arm tactics, the FDA’s fraudulent policies, and how the USDA ignores a growing health emergency are also laid bare. This sometimes shocking film may change your diet, help you protect your family, and accelerate the consumer tipping point against genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Don’t miss this film! Format: DVD - Region Free Running Time: 85 minutes Price: $19.95 LEARN MORE FRESH THE MOVIE Fresh is more than a film it is a reflection of a rising movement of people and communities across America who are re-inventing our food system. Fresh is a guide that empowers people to take an array of actions for healthier local food solutions. Format: DVD - Region Free Running Time: 72 minutes Price: $19.95
2013/083 First report of Pantoea stewartii in Argentina During the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons, symptoms of bacterial leaf blight were observed in maize ( Zea mays ) crops in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. In this province, the disease incidence reached around 54%. Leaf samples were collected from 10 symptomatic maize plants, grown in 15 fields covering a representative geographical area. Molecular (PCR) and pathogenicity tests confirmed the presence of Pantoea stewartii (EPPO A2 List) in diseased maize plants. This is the first time that P. stewartii is reported from Argentina. The situation of Pantoea stewartii in Argentina can be described as follows: Present, first detected during the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 maize growing seasons in the province of Córdoba. Source: Albarracín Orio AG, Brücher E, Plazas MC, Sayago P, Guerra F, de Rossi R, Ducasse DA, Guerra GD (2013) First report of Stewart’s wilt of maize in Argentina caused by Pantoea stewartii . Plant Disease 96 (12), 1819-1820. Additional key words: new record Computer codes: ERWIST, AR
有人说转基因食品是否有害，至今没有证据。事实上，国内外发现的转基因食品的有害证据多达数百组（以发表的论文计）。对于这些证据，挺转专家总是选择性失明，或者是“王顾左右而言他”。但不管你认账不认账，那些科学实验证据都在那里，留给历史去判断。今天，中国日报网又报道了一个惊人的发现：转基因玉米含有大量毒素。要是用这样的玉米喂养动物，或者人吃，能不出问题吗？研究揭露转基因玉米含大量毒素 Study reveals GMO corn to be highly toxic 来源：中国日报网 字号 !--enpproperty 2013-04-19 09:01:40.0研究揭露转基因玉米含大量毒素转基因玉米大量毒素,转基因玉米有毒,转基因食品有毒,GMO corn highly toxic,genetically modified corn toxic,双语新闻,双语Study reveals GMO corn to be highly toxic 双语 1159410双语新闻2@lt/nodesearchname/enpproperty-- A leaked study examining genetically-modified corn reveals that the lab-made alternative to organic crops contains a startling level of toxic chemicals. A leaked study examining genetically-modified corn reveals that the lab-made alternative to organic crops contains a startling level of toxic chemicals. An anti- GMO website has posted the results of an education-based consulting company’s comparison of corn types, and the results reveal that genetically modified foods may be more hazardous than once thought. The study, the 2012 Corn Comparison Report by Profit Pro, was published recently on the website for Moms Across America March to Label GMOs, a group that says they wish to “raise awareness and support Moms with solutions to eat GMO Free as we demand GMO labeling locally and nationally simultaneously.” They are plotting nationwide protests scheduled for later this year. The report, writes the website’s Zen Honeycutt, was provided by a representative for De Dell Seed Company, an Ontario-based farm that’s touted as being Canadian only non-GMO corn seed company. “The claims that ‘There is no difference between GMO corn and NON Gmo corn’ are false,” says Honeycutt, who adds she was “ floored ” after reading the study. According to the analysis, GMO corn tested by Profit Pro contains a number of elements absent from traditional corn, including chlorides, formaldehyde and glyphosate. While those elements don’t appear naturally in corn, they were present in GMO samples to the tune of 60 ppm , 200pm and 13 ppm, respectively. Honecutt says that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (FDA) mandates that the level of glyphosate in American drinking water not exceed 0.7 ppm and adds that organ damage in some animals has been linked to glyphosate exposure exceeding 0.1 ppm. “Glyphosate is a strong organic phosphate chelator that immobilizes positively charged minerals such as manganese, cobalt, iron, zinc copper,” Dr. Don Huber attested during a separate GMO study recently released, adding that those elements “are essential for normal physiological functions in soils, plants and animals.” “Glyphosate draws out the vital nutrients of living things and GMO corn is covered with it,” adds Honeycutt, who notes that the nutritional benefits rampant in natural corn are almost entirely removed from lab-made seeds: in the samples used during the study, non-GMO corn is alleged to have 437-times the amount of calcium in genetically modified versions, and 56- and 7-times the level of magnesium and manganese, respectively. 点击查看更多双语新闻 (Source: rt.com) 一项被泄漏出来的检测转基因玉米的研究揭示，实验室造出的有机玉米替代品中的有毒化学物质含量惊人。 一家反转基因食品网站已经上传了某教育型咨询公司对两种玉米的比较结果，结果揭示转基因食品的危害可能比人们先前认为的更大。 咨询公司Profit Pro的2012玉米比较研究报告近日发布在“全美母亲呼吁转基因食品标签”网站上，该组织称他们希望“通过要求在地方和全国出售的转基因食品上同步贴上标签来提高母亲们在这方面的意识，为母亲们提供食用非转基因食品的途径”。他们还计划在今年晚些时候策划全国范围的抗议活动。 网站的真•哈尼卡特称，该研究报告是由德•戴尔种子公司的一名代表提供的。德•戴尔种子公司的农场位于安大略，号称是加拿大唯一一家出售非转基因玉米种子的公司。 哈尼卡特说：“那些宣称‘转基因玉米和非转基因玉米没有差别’的论调是错误的。”她还表示，自己在读过这一研究报告后被“震撼了”。 根据这一分析报告，Profit Pro公司检测的转基因玉米含有传统玉米所没有的多种物质，包括氯化物、甲醛和草甘膦。天然玉米中不含这些物质，但在转基因玉米的样品中，这几种物质的含量却分别高达百万分之六十、百万分之二百和百万分之十三。 哈尼卡特说，美国环境保护局规定美国饮用水中的草甘膦含量不得高于百万分之零点七，而且她还补充道，某些动物的器官损伤已被证实和草甘膦含量超过百万分之零点一有关。 唐•胡贝尔博士在新近发布的另一篇独立的转基因研究报告中证实道：“草甘膦是一种强力的有机磷酸螯合剂，它能阻滞如锰、钴、铁、锌、铜等有益矿物质的流动。”胡贝尔博士还补充道，这些化学元素“对于土壤、植物和动物的正常生理机能至关重要。” 哈尼卡特补充说：“草甘膦会把生物中至关重要的营养素抽离出去，而转基因玉米则含有大量草甘膦。”她指出，天然玉米中所含的丰富营养价值几乎全部被从实验室造出的转基因种子中剔除了：在研究所用的样品中，据称非转基因玉米中的钙含量是转基因玉米的437倍，镁含量和锰含量也分别是转基因玉米的56倍和7倍。 相关阅读 阿根廷转基因奶牛能产人奶 研究：转基因“紫番茄”或可抗癌 研究：朋友多少由基因决定 研究：男人爱看美女基因使然 女人爱购物 都是基因惹的祸 研究发现高跟鞋情结可遗传 （中国日报网英语点津 陈丹妮） Vocabulary: GMO: 转基因生物（Genetically Modified Organism） tout: 吹捧 floor: 使震惊 to the tune of: 达到……程度，达到……之多 ppm: 百万分之…… immobilize: 使不动；使停止流通
华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室张祖新教授和郑用琏教授领衔的的研究团队九月底在植物学顶尖期刊The Plant Journal上发表了最新研究成果《ZmGA3ox2, a candidate gene for a major QTL, qPH3.1, for plant height in maize》，发现了决定玉米株高的数量性状基因座（Quantitative Trait Locus, QTL）qPH3.1的候选基因ZmGA3ox2。该校博士研究生腾峰为该文章第一作者，张祖新教授为通讯作者。 在过去的一个世纪，每单位面积上的玉米产量获得了显著提升，这得益于种植密度的增加。然而，高密度种植会带来倒伏风险，导致玉米产量损失。为避免倒伏，一个有效的育种策略是培育株高适度降低的玉米品种。在玉米产量相关的性状中，株高（Plant height，PHT）是其中非常重要的一个性状，在作物驯化和现代育种中被频繁选择。因此，鉴定和克隆玉米PHT相关基因，对于解析玉米PHT的遗传基础和指导玉米的遗传改良都具有重要意义。 在此项研究中，张教授的团队利用使连锁作图和染色体片段替换作图法对玉米PHT相关的QTL，qPH3.1，进行了精细作图。QTL作图将qPH3.1定位在4.0 cM 间距内，该距离已可以解释32.3% 的表型差异。进一步的研究又将该距离缩短至12.6 kb 。同时研究人员克隆到了qPH3.1的候选基因ZmGA3ox2。ZmGA3ox2是水稻OsGA3ox2的同源基因（OsGA3ox2可以控制水稻营养生长期节间细胞的伸长），编码GA3 β–hydroxylase。利用关联作图，研究人员鉴定出ZmGA3ox2上二个与PHT密切相关的多态性。进一步分析发现ZmGA3ox2编码区序列的缺失与矮小突变体d1-6016的发生密切相关。 此项研究对qPH3.1进行了精细定位，丰富了玉米株高的遗传基础信息，为今后玉米育种株型的改良提供了指导。 原文链接： http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tpj.12038/abstract 原文下载： ZmGA3ox2, a candidate gene for a major QTL, qPH3.1, for plant height in maize.pdf
2012年9月19日，《食品与化学毒理学》期刊发表的一项毒理学研究表明，转基因玉米和农达除草剂会引起实验室大鼠的乳腺肿瘤，并可能导致其过早死亡。 背景： 9月19日， 《食品和化学毒理学》杂志上发表了“关于农达除草剂和抗农达转基因玉米的长期毒性研究”。该研究报告是由法国卡昂大学的一组研究人员写的，这一研究小组由Gilles- Eric Seralini领衔。这份报告宣称是第一份经同行评议关于转基因粮食的长期毒性研究，该研究历时两年。 该研究使用了200只大鼠，分析了三种饲喂模式： • 在大鼠全部饮食中添加不同比例的NK603抗除草剂生物技术玉米 •在大鼠全部饮食中添加在田间喷洒过不同浓度的农达除草剂的NK603抗除草剂生物技术玉米 •在大鼠饮用水中添加三种不同的浓度的农达除草剂。 Seralini得出结论，生物技术玉米和杀虫剂可能导致“严重的健康问题，包括乳腺肿瘤、肝肾损伤，因此会导致过早死亡。 “可持续食品信托基金会”一直在推进这一研究。它呼吁对监管机制和食品安全评价进行审核。此外，Seralini将会出版一本名为“Tous Cobayes（实验品）”的书。在9月26日还会推出一部电影，讨论这份研究发现。 这一研究是由基因工程研究和独立信息协会（CRIIGEN）资助的。 这是一个由Seralini建立的非盈利组织。 Seralini 已发表了多篇论文宣称转基因食品的动物喂养研究表明其对健康有负面作用。他之前的许多论文都是对别人发布的数据进行分析，而非新的或者原创性的数据。他之前的观点已经被欧盟食品安全局（EFSA)和法国管理当局所驳斥。 2009年12月，Seralini 发表了题为“三种转基因玉米品种对哺乳类动物健康的影响对比”的文章。该文章发表在《国际生物科学报》（International Journal of Biological Sciences）上。这篇文章对比分析了三组关于血液和器官组织的数据，这些数据来自三种转基因玉米（耐除草剂NK603、抗虫MON 810 和 MON 863）的90天大鼠喂养试验。这一研究是对之前喂养研究试验数据的重新分析，而这些研究都得出结论，转基因食品不存在健康问题。 但是，Seralini 称已经发现食用这三种转基因玉米品种产生的一些新的副作用，包括肝肾中毒。 在2007年的一项研究中，Seralini 也声称MON 863会导致肝肾中毒。但是，这份研究的同行评议者不支持这篇论文的结论，并认定这篇论文在统计数据重新分析方面存在不足。 该研究实验设计存在严重缺陷 该报告未能满足科学研究的最低标准，其提供的数据不支持其试验结论。其结论与安全测试的目的无关。 毒理学家和公共卫生专家们发现该文的实验设计存在本质上的缺陷，例如有关该试验设计等关键信息缺失， 其发表的数据也不能支持作者的实验结论。 该研究存在的主要缺陷包括： 1. 不符合经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)的研究方法标准 2. 未标明所喂食的玉米来源及质量 3. 缺少实验饲喂方案及摄入量等关键细节 4. 缺少支持其有关肝肾组织病理学，肝功能检查以及细胞色素活动方面断言的数据 5. 缺少关于致死率和肿瘤发生率终点数据的统计学分析 6. 这份实验报告中用到的大鼠是一种以肿瘤发病率高著称的鼠种。报告中所提及的死亡率和肿瘤发病率对于该鼠种来说是在其正常范围之内的。 7. 缺少完整的实验数据，所列数据不能够支持其实验结论 8. 整篇文章缺少剂量-反应相关关系 科学界普遍驳斥此项研究结果 Maurice Moloney教授，英国洛桑研究所（ Rothamsted Research）主任 虽然这篇论文发表在了影响因子在3左右的同行评议的期刊上，但在通篇论文中存在本该在同行评议的过程中修正或解决的反常问题。对于一个潜在上有如此重要发现的论文，文中应该更多的运用常规统计分析的方法才能更令人信服。如果论文中对每个测量参数的比较考虑到整个试验过程中的变异，并使用多程检验的方法，则能为其最终的结论和概括提供更有力的证据。图1没有提供关于对照组的任何数据，他们的变异也未提及。表格2显示对照组和试验组的个体数量不一致。在所有情况下，对照组使用的试验个体数量都比试验组的数量少。表格2的数据不能显示置信区间或提供有力证据表明试验组和对照组之间存在显著差异。 论文中缺少剂量反应效果，作者对此解释为一种指示性的“阈值”效应。这是对其研究结果的一种推算，不能由中间剂量外推来决定。文中的那些照片非常生动，但没有包含对照组。营养充足的对照组的大鼠也频繁发生了乳腺肿瘤，难道我们能由此得出结论对照组的大鼠都没有发生乳腺肿瘤吗？从数值上我们无法得知，因为图2中缺少了相关数据。我们正在对与结论相关的数据进行进一步的分析。 但现在我们应该指出的是，推荐人应该坚持在 这样的研究中出示对照组数据和其变异情况。 David Spiegelhalter教授，剑桥大学公众风险认识Winton教授 “在我看来，这篇论文中的方法、数据和结论都与我所知的严密研究的标准相距甚远。实话说，我非常惊讶这样的论文竟然能够发表。” “论文中所有的比较都来自于 ‘未经处理’的对照组，而这一对照组中每种性别的大鼠只有10只，而且其中的大部分也产生了肿瘤。从表面上看，它们似乎比试验组的大多数大鼠表现更好（虽然喂养最高剂量转基因成分和除草剂的雄性组也表现不俗），但论文中缺少适合的统计分析，数字如此之低而不足以作为实质性的证据。我无法接受这样的结论，除非经过适当的试验方法重复得到这些结果。” Wendy Harwood博士，约翰英纳斯中心（John innes Center）资深科学家 “现在还没有看到完整的数据，但这项研究结果与以前的很多研究结论是相冲突的。以往多个研究表明转基因技术本身是一种中性的技术，并不会天生带来健康或环境风险。 “我们要问的问题是，在饲料中这种水平的玉米量对大鼠来说是否是正常的。饲喂其它食物的另一个对照组应当增加到试验中。” “每组只有10只大鼠，数量很少。比如说，对照组中10只大鼠死了3只，试验组中的10只雄性大鼠死了5个，难道我们会认为这个这两组结果有统计显著性吗？” “喂食非转基因玉米的对照组的数据并没包括在主要图表中，这让人很难解读这些结论。” Anthony Trewavas， 爱丁堡大学细胞生物学教授 “对照组数量太少导致无法进行推理。目前我只看到10只大鼠，并且其中一些也产生了肿瘤。除非提供90-180只大鼠用于对照（将他们分为每10只一组），否则这些结果都是毫无价值的。” “在这些啮齿类大鼠品系发现肿瘤发生情况是正常的，使用这些本来就易生肿瘤的大鼠进行试验，很容易得出这种偏见性的结论。坦白说在我看来试验结果更像是这种非常易生肿瘤的大鼠身上出现的随机变化。” Ottoline Leyser教授，剑桥大学Sainsbury实验室副主任 “像大多数有关转基因的争论一样，这件事跟转基因没什么关系。论文的作者没有证明这些影响是由转基因造成的。他们描述了农达除草剂的影响，以及他们认为是由抗农达玉米引入的酶活性所带来的影响。而对通过转基因技术将外源基因转入作物中所带来的变化, 要小于通过常规育种所引起的变化，却是很好的证明,.” Tom Sanders教授，英国伦敦国王学院营养科学研究部主任 “（论文中）缺少食物摄入数据或生长数据。如果不严格控制食物摄入，这一类的大鼠非常容易发生乳腺肿瘤”。 “（论文中）也没有饮食构成的信息。如果没有妥善存储，玉米中很可能含有霉菌毒素。玉米赤霉烯酮是一种常见的由玉米上的丝状真菌产生的霉菌毒素。” “统计方法也不是使用的常规方法，缺少定义清晰的数据分析计划，在多重比较中没有对概率进行调整。” Mark Tester 教授，阿德雷德大学植物功能基因组澳大利亚中心研究教授 “（看到这个论文）跳到我脑子里的第一个想法是，既然转基因已经在全球食品链中存在这么长时间了，为什么各国没有出现一些流行病学的研究呢？如果影响如文中所称的如此巨大，而且与人类健康相关，为什么北美人民没有如苍蝇般死光光呢？！转基因食品已经在那里的食品链中使用超过10年了——人们的寿命还一直在增长” “如果影响正如所称的如此之大，为什么那么多有声望的科学家做了并发表了100多项研究，都完全没有发现这一点呢？” “最后，当然了，这是个对于一个基因一个转化体的研究。由此推断到所有的转基因作物是非常荒唐的。即使最后证明了这个转化体，或甚至这个基因有问题，也没有理由由此推断使用转基因技术的其他所有基因都是有风险的。转基因技术是自然过程的一种适应，这一过程每天都在地球上发生——这只是一项技术。如何运用这项技术才是更重要的。对技术风险一概而论的做法都是荒谬的。” 该研究受到多家国际媒体的质疑 •该研究的一些研究人员与一些反转基因运动组织联系密切。路透社9月19日的报道中说“（该研究的）首席研究员过去作为转基因行业批评者的纪录，可能会使其他专家提高警惕，以免做出草率结论”，并写道“一个不寻常的举动是，该研究小组在其文章发表之前不允许记者寻找外界的评论…”。该研究的资助方应被仔细纳入考量，包括考虑当事方的商业动机以及与研究关联的政治人物的动机。 •媒体报道引述了剑桥大学专家的评论：“论文作者不能确定这些影响是由转基因引起的”，而且“有很好的证据表明, 通过转基因技术将外源基因转入作物中所带来的变化, 要小于通过常规育种所引起的变化.” 爱丁堡大学的一位教授认为 “(这是) 试验人员和资助方的预置偏见”。 •论文的主要作者曾经在过去几年发表过动物喂养研究的研究数据,但都受到公众和科学界的公开驳斥。在2007年的一篇新闻报道中，欧洲食品安全权威机构（EFSA）陈述道：“经过EFSA工作小组对数据的详细审核和分析，EFSA转基因小组得出结论：论文中对数据的重新分析并不能得出任何新的安全问题。”EFSA强调“论文作者的数据分析没有考虑一些重要的统计性问题。以作者所使用的统计方法为基础的假设推导出了错误的结果。EFSA认为这篇论文未能提供可靠的科学证据来质疑转基因玉米的安全性。 论文中的试验用转基因产品已在多个国家获得了安全审批 •转基因作物在上市前，经过了严格的安全性检测。在欧洲，获得批准的转基因产品经过了欧洲食品安全权威机构（EFSA）的严格的安全评价。这些产品也在欧洲以外的国家（包括中国）的审批机构通过了安全审批。论文中提到的转基因玉米产品已在多个国家获得了安全审批，已认为可以安全地应用于种植、生产、加工或进口。 •在欧洲和世界其他国家，数十亿的家禽家畜，包括鸡、猪和牛，在食用转基因玉米和大豆。自1996年，人类消耗了数千亿餐的包含转基因成分的食物，而未发现一例实质性的与人类或动物健康相关的事故。 •许多科学家和国际卫生机构（其中包括世界卫生组织）都一致认为转基因作物、食品和饲料和传统育种的作物、食品和饲料一样安全。 1、世界卫生组织认为：“在批准转基因食品的国家里，一般人群中并未发现由于食用转基因食品而对人类健康产生的影响”。 2、超过3200名知名科学家在支持农业生物技术和其对人类、动物和环境的安全性声明上签名。 3、2011年，欧盟公布了过去10年在生物技术食品安全方面的500项研究项目的纲要。 此外，欧盟在过去25年中，还出资支持500个独立研究团体的130个研究项目，这些项目得出的结论是：“至今为止，没有证据表明转基因产品会对环境或食品和饲料安全带来比常规植物和生物更高的风险。” •植物科学行业非常重视转基因食品健康，并且致力于对这些食品制定最高的检测和安全标准。 •无数同行评议的关于生物技术作物的科学研究—包括超过100例的喂养研究——已经证明其安全性，这些研究已经被反映在世界各国监管部门的食品评估。已经有大量经验表明人畜食用生物技术玉米多年而没有出现一例被证明的健康问题。 •此外， Seralini的这份报告并非如他所宣传的是第一份同行评议的长期喂养研究。之前已有很多长期的喂养研究已经得出结论生物技术作物没有安全风险。 1、2008年，Y. Sakomoto 等人的一项两年喂养研究发现生物技术大豆没有健康问题。 2、2012年，Snell 等人评阅了十二份关于转基因玉米、土豆、大豆、水稻和黑小麦的长期喂养研究，发现这些生物技术作物和传统同类作物营养成分相同，可以安全用作人类食品和动物饲料。 关于除草剂的安全性 •作物保护产品因为其对人类、动物和环境可能产生的影响而被严格检测。 此外，除了有产品开发者进行严格检测，作物保护产品还要接受国内和国际管理部门的严格监管。 健康和环境机构都会对作物保护产进行监管，定期评估和检测其潜在健康影响。 •草甘磷是农达中的主要活性成分。管理当局一致认为即使大量使用草甘磷也不会致癌。 •作物保护行业对健康问题很重视，对于“如何负责任地使用产品”的培训是重中之重。国际作物协会和其他非政府组织和政府部门鼓励在全世界范围内采纳害虫综合管理（IPM）原则，安全且负责任地使用作物保护产品。 参考资料RESOURCES "Expert Reaction to GM Maize Causing Tumours in Rats," Science Media Centre, September 19th, 2012 http://www.sciencemediacentre.org/pages/press releases/12-09-19 gm maize rats tumours.htm "Study Finds Tumours in Rats Fed on Monsanto's GM Corn," Reuters, September 19th, 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/19/gmcrops-safety-idUSL5E8KJC 1220120919?type=marketsNewsfeedType=RSSfeedName=marketsNews For scientific studies on biotech food safety, visit the CropLife International Biotech Benefits Database at http://croplife.intraspin.com/BioTech/ Long Term multi-generational Studies (three months - two years): Steinke, K., Guertler, P., Paul, V., Wiedemann, S., Ettle, T., Albrecht, C., Meyer, H.H.D., Spiekers, H., Schwarz, F.J., 2010. Effects of long-term feeding of genetically modified corn (event M0N810) on the performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 94, 185-193. Daleprane, J.B., Feijo, T.S., Boaventura, G.T., 2009a. Organic and genetically modified soybean diets: consequences in growth and in hematological indicators of aged rats. Plant. Foods Hum. Nutr. 64, 1-5. Daleprane, J.B., Pacheco, J.T., Boaventura, G.T., 2009b. Evaluation of protein quality from genetically modified and organic soybean in two consecutives generations of Wistar rats. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 52, 841-847. Sakamoto, Y., Tada, Y., Fukumori, N., Tayama, K., Ando, H., Takahashi, H., Kubo, Y., Nagasawa, A., Yano, N., Yuzawa, K., Ogata, A., Kamimura, H., 2007. A 52-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan 48, 41-50 . Sakamoto, Y., Tada, Y., Fukumori, N., Tayama, K., Ando, H., Takahashi, H., Kubo, Y., Nagasawa, A., Yano, N., Yuzawa, K., Ogata, A., 2008. A 104-week feeding study of genetically modified soybeans in F344 rats. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan 49, 272-282. . Malatesta, M., Caporaloni, C., Gavaudan, S., Rocchi, M.B.L., Serafini, S., Tiberi, C., Gazzanelli, G., 2002a. Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Cell Struct. Funct. 27, 173-180 (erratum 399). Malatesta, M., Caporaloni, C., Rossi, L., Battistelli, S., Rocchi, M.B.L., Tonucci, F., Gazzanelli, G., 2002b. Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. J. Anat. 201, 409-415. Malatesta, M., Biggiogera, M., Manuali, E., Rocchi, M.B.L., Baldelli, B., Gazzanelli, G., 2003. Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Eur. J. Histochem. 47, 385-388. Malatesta, M., Boraldi, F., Annovi, G., Baldelli, B., Battistelli, S., Biggiogera, M., Quaglino, D., 2008. A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing. Histochem. Cell. Biol. 130, 967-977. Vecchio, L., Cisterna, B., Malatesta, M., Martin, T.E., Biggiogera, M., 2004. Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Eur. J. Histochem. 48, 448-454. Sissener, N.H., Sanden, M., Bakke, A.M., Krogdahl, A., Hemre, G.-I., 2009. A long term trial with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed genetically modified soy; focusing general health and performance before, during and after the parr-smolt transformation. Aquaculture 294, 108-117. Domon, E., Takagi, H., Hirose, S., Sugita, K., Kasahara, S., Ebinuma, H., Takaiwa, F., 2009. 26-Week oral safety study in macaques for transgenic rice containing major human T-cell epitope peptides from Japanese cedar pollen allergens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 5633-5638. Brake, J., Faust, M.A., Stein, J., 2003. Evaluation of transgenic event Bt11 hybrid corn in broiler chickens. Poultry Sci. 82, 551-559. Brake, D.G., Thaler, R., Evenson, D.P., 2004. Evaluation of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn on mouse testicular development by dual parameter flow cytometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 2097-2102. Flachowsky, G., Aulrich, K., Bohme, H., Halle, I., 2007. Studies on feeds from genetically modified plants (GMP) - Contributions to nutritional and safety assessment. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 133, 2-30. Kilif, A., Akay, M.T., 2008. A three-generation study with genetically modified Bt corn in rats: biochemical and histopathological investigation. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 1164-1170. Trabalza-Marinucci, M., Brandi, G., Rondini, C., Avellini, L., Giammarini, C., Costarelli, S., Acuti, G., Orlandi, C., Filippini, G., Chiaradia, E., Malatesta, M., Crotti, S., Antonini, C., Amagliani, G., Manuali, E., Mastrogiacomo, A.R., Moscati, L., Haouet, M.N., Gaiti, A., Magnani, M., 2008. A three-year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified Bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep. Livestock Sci. 113, 178-190. Haryu, Y., Taguchi, Y., Itakura, E., Mikami, O., Miura, K., Saeki, T., Nakajima, Y., 2009. Longterm biosafety assessment of a genetically modified (GM) plant: the genetically modified (GM) insect-resistant Bt11 corn does not affect the performance of multi- generations or life span of mice. Open Plant Sci. J. 3, 49-53. Rhee, G.S., Cho, D.H., Won, Y.H., Seok, J.H., Kim, S.S., Kwack, S.J., Lee, R.D., Chae, S.Y., Kim, J.W., Lee, B.M., Park, K.L., Choi, K.S., 2005. Multigeneration reproductive and developmental toxicity study of bar gene inserted into genetically modified potato on rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68, 2263-2276. Brake, D.G., Evenson, D.P., 2004. A generational study of glyphosate-tolerant soybeans on mouse fetal, postnatal, pubertal and adult testicular development. Food Chem. 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《每日科学》（ScienceDaily）于9月20日发表有关“转基因玉米毒性事件”的评论，现以中英对照形式详细介绍如下（ http://www.newsdaily.com/stories/bre88j0ms-us-gmcrops-safety/ ）： 孟山都基因修饰玉米相关研究遭遇质疑 Study on Monsanto GM corn concerns draws skepticism By Ben Hirschler and Kate Kelland Posted 2012/09/20 at 8:57 am EDT 在一项受到其他专家激烈批评的研究中，法国科学家于星期三表示，饲喂孟山都的基因修饰玉米或暴露于该公司畅销除草剂的大鼠罹患肿瘤且多个器官受损。 LONDON, Sep. 20, 2012 (Reuters) — In a study that prompted sharp criticism from other experts, French scientists said on Wednesday that rats fed on Monsanto's genetically modified corn or exposed to its top-selling weedkiller suffered tumors and multiple organ damage. Researcher Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen speaks at a news conference at the European Parliament in Brussels September 20, 2012. Seralini said that rats fed a lifetime diet of Monsanto's genetically modified corn or exposed to its top-selling weedkiller Roundup suffered tumours and multiple organ damage, according to a French study published on Wednesday. REUTERS/Yves Herman 法国政府已经责成该国卫生部门进一步调查这些发现，尽管有些科学家质疑该研究的基本方法，而且孟山都表示对其已证明安全的产品有信心。 The French government asked the country's health watchdog to investigate the findings further, although a number of scientists questioned the study's basic methods and Monsanto said it felt confident its products had been proven safe. 卡昂大学的Gilles-Eric Seralini及其同事表示，饲喂含有NK603——一个耐孟山都除草剂毒性的品种——的饲料或供应添加美国许可水平农达的饮水的大鼠比饲喂标准饲料的大鼠早夭。 Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen and colleagues said rats fed on a diet containing NK603 - a seed variety made tolerant to dousings of Monsanto's Roundup weedkiller - or given water with Roundup at levels permitted in the United States, died earlier than those on a standard diet. 未参与该研究的专家表示怀疑，其中一位专家指责法国科学家正在玩“统计学的垂钓航行”游戏，另一些专家批评其研究方法远低于标准水平。 Experts not involved in the study were skeptical, with one accusing the French scientists of going on a statistical fishing trip and others describing its methods as well below standard. 根据《食品与化学毒物学》杂志发表的一篇同行评议的研究论文及在伦敦举行的一次会议上宣读的研究报告，饲喂基因修饰（GM）饲料的动物罹患乳腺肿瘤，并伴有严重的肝肾损害。 The animals on the genetically modified (GM) diet suffered mammary tumors, as well as severe liver and kidney damage, according to the peer-reviewed study which was published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology and presented at a news conference in London. 研究人员表示，50%雄鼠和70%雌鼠均提早死亡，而对照组仅30%雄鼠和20%雌鼠死亡。 The researchers said 50 percent of male and 70 percent of female rats died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group. 孟山都发言人Thomas Helscher表示，公司将详细检讨该研究。不过，他补充道：“迄今为止无数同行评议的有关生物工程作物的研究，包括超过100次以上的饲喂研究，都已经反复证明了它们的安全性，这反映在世界各国监管部门各自的安全评价结论上”。 Monsanto spokesman Thomas Helscher said the company would review the study thoroughly. However, he added: Numerous peer-reviewed scientific studies performed on biotech crops to date, including more than a hundred feeding studies, have continuously confirmed their safety, as reflected in the respective safety assessments by regulatory authorities around the world. 专家质疑 EXPERTS SCEPTICAL 基因修饰生物（GMOs）在欧洲还远未普及，但当1996年孟山都引种一种经基因改变的耐农达大豆后，转基因作物就成为美国占优势的主流作物。 Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are deeply unpopular in Europe but dominate major crops in the United States after Monsanto introduced a soybean genetically altered to tolerate Roundup in 1996. 受记者邀请评述该学术论文的专家们劝告人们不要轻信其所得出的结论。 Experts asked by reporters to review the scientific paper advised caution in drawing conclusions from it. 伦敦国王学院营养学研究部负责人Tom Sanders注意到，Seralini的团队没有提供有关给大鼠吃多少饲料或它们的生长速率如何的任何数据。 Tom Sanders, head of the nutritional sciences research division at King's College London, noted that Seralini's team had not provided any data on how much the rats were given to eat, or what their growth rates were. 他说：“这个大鼠品系极易产生乳腺肿瘤，尤其当饲料供给不受限制时更是如此”，“其统计学方法不合常规。。。而且作者似乎在玩一个统计学垂钓航行游戏”。 This strain of rat is very prone to mammary tumors particularly when food intake is not restricted, he said. The statistical methods are unconventional ... and it would appear the authors have gone on a statistical fishing trip. 澳大利亚阿得莱德大学植物功能基因组中心的Mark Tester说，该研究的发现提出了一个问题，即为什么以前的研究没有激发起类似的关注？ Mark Tester, a research professor at the Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics at the University of Adelaide, said the study's findings raised the question of why no previous studies have flagged up similar concerns. 他在一封电子邮件中评论道：“如果效果真如所声称的那么大，如果该工作真与人类相关，那么为什么北美洲人并未像苍蝇那样纷纷落下？那儿的转基因食品进入食物链已经有十年了，而长寿者继续以不可阻挡的趋势增长”。 If the effects are as big as purported, and if the work really is relevant to humans, why aren't the North Americans dropping like flies? GM has been in the food chain for over a decade over there - and longevity continues to increase inexorably, he said in an emailed comment. 剑桥大学的David Spiegelhalter表示，该论文采用的方法、统计分析和结果描述都在标准水平以下。他还补充说，该研究的未处理对照只有雌雄各10只大鼠，但它们也都长出肿瘤。 David Spiegelhalter of the University of Cambridge said the methods, statistics and reporting of results were all below standard. He added that the study's untreated control arm comprised only 10 rats of each sex, most of which also got tumors. 长期效果？ LONG-TERM EFFECTS? 基因修饰作物的支持者说以前的研究已经充分肯定了其安全性，而反对者却说有关其长期效果的信息仍然很少，因为这些作物推出才15年。 While supporters of GM crops say previous studies have overwhelmingly pointed to their safety, critics argue there is still limited information about the long-term effects since the crops have only been around for just over 15 years. 在法国，对遗传修饰生物的反对声浪导致该国禁止种植这类作物，但政府表示已指示其卫生与安全部门核查此项研究，并通报给欧盟食品安全部（EFSA）。 In France, where opposition to GMOs has led to a ban on growing such crops, the government said it had asked its health and safety agency to assess the study and had also sent it to the European Union's food safety agency (EFSA). 法国卫生、环境和农场管理部发言人在一次联合发布会上说：“根据其结论。。。政府将要求欧洲各国采取一切可能的措施保护人类及动物健康，同时紧急停止NK603进口到欧盟各国”。 Based on the conclusion ..., the government will ask the European authorities to take all necessary measures to protect human and animal health, measures that could go as far as an emergency suspension of imports of NK603 maize in the European Union, the French health, environment and farm ministries said in a joint statement. 这项最新研究的核心科学家Seralini以前就曾根据2009年的一项短期研究结果提出过有关安全性的关注。他的这项新研究通过对动物寿命的两年跟踪又更进了一步。 Seralini, the scientist at the centre of the latest research, previously raised safety concerns based on a shorter rat study in 2009. His new study takes things a step further by tracking the animals throughout their two-year lifespan. 伦敦国王学院的分子生物学家Michael Antoniou协助起草了该论文，他用三言两语告诉伦敦当地的记者，它的发现强调“必须用两年的毕生研究来测试所有的遗传修饰作物”。 Michael Antoniou, a molecular biologist at King's College London, who helped draft the paper, told reporters at a London briefing that its findings highlighted the need to test all GM crops in two-year lifelong studies. 他说：“我觉得这个数据很有说服力，足以将该遗传修饰玉米品系暂时从市场上撤下来，直到开展跟踪研究并用大量动物重复实验获得我们所期望的完全具有统计学意义的结果”。 I feel this data is strong enough to withdraw the marketing approval for this variety of GM maize temporarily, until this study is followed up and repeated with larger number of animals to get the full statistical power that we want, he said. Seralini相信他的最新毕生大鼠测试对危害给出了一个更真实和更权威的评述，而批准基因修饰作物所依据的90天饲喂实验却不行，因为3个月只相当于大鼠的青年时期。 Seralini believes his latest lifetime rat tests give a more realistic and authoritative view of risks than the 90-day feeding trials that form the basis of GM crop approvals, since three months is only the equivalent of early adulthood in rats. 欧洲议会农业委员会副主席、著名的反转基因人士、法国人Jose Bove呼吁欧盟立即终止转基因作物种植并吊销进口许可。他在一次发言中表示：“这项研究最终表明我们是对的，当务之急是尽快重新审查所有基因修饰生物的评价过程”。 France's Jose Bove, vice-chairman of the European Parliament's commission for agriculture and known as an opponent of GM, called for an immediate suspension of all EU cultivation and import authorizations of GM crops. This study finally shows we are right and that it is urgent to quickly review all GMO evaluation processes, he said in a statement. 这项研究在美国也似乎引起了摩擦，加州的反转基因食品人士正在抗争，试图将所有基因修饰生物排除在食品供应链之外。 The study is also likely to create friction in the United States, where opponents of genetically engineered foods in California are fighting to have all GMOs removed from the food supply. (Aditional reporting by Sybille de La Hamaide in Paris and Carey Gillam in Kansas City, editing by Anna Willard and Janet McBride) 附： Author defends Monsanto GM study as EU orders review Posted 2012/09/20 at 11:56 am EDT BRUSSELS, Sep. 20, 2012 (Reuters) — The French author of a study linking a type of genetically modified corn to higher health risks in rats dismissed criticism of his research methods on Thursday, describing the work as the most detailed study to date on the subject. Gilles-Eric Seralini of the University of Caen and colleagues said on Wednesday that rats fed on Monsanto's genetically modified corn or exposed to its top-selling weed killer suffered tumors and multiple organ damage and premature death. But experts not involved with the study were skeptical, describing the French team's statistical methods as unconventional and accusing them of going on a statistical fishing trip. Speaking at a news conference in Brussels on Thursday, Seralini defended the peer-reviewed study, which was published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology. This study has been evaluated by the world's best food toxicology magazine, which took much more time than people who reacted within 24 hours without reading the study, he told Reuters Television. I'm waiting for criticism from scientists who have already published material in journals... on the effects of GMOs and pesticides on health, in order to debate fairly with peers who are real scientists, and not lobbyists. Earlier, the European Commission said it had asked the EU's food safety authority, EFSA, to verify the results of the French study and report their findings. EFSA's mandate is to verify what this group of scientists has presented, to look at their research conditions, look at how the animals were treated, Commission health spokesman Frederic Vincent told a regular news briefing. We hope that by the end of the year we will have an EFSA opinion on this piece of scientific research. In 2003, EFSA published a safety assessment of the GM corn variety known as NK603, which is tolerant to Monsanto's Roundup weed killer. The assessment concluded that NK603 was as safe as non-GM corn, after which the European Union granted approval for its use in food and feed. Seralini said EFSA's assessments were less rigorous than his team's study. GMOs have been evaluated in a extremely poor and lax way with much less analysis than we have done. It's the world's most detailed and longest study. Therefore, some people are responsible and guilty of authorizing this GMO after only three months, he said. (Reporting by Clement Rossignol; Writing by Charlie Dunmore; Editing by Hugh Lawson)
蒋高明 针对法国科学家最近发现转基因玉米造成老鼠癌变和提前死亡的实验，有网友dangping 在我的博客文章留言如下： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=475do=blogid=614649 先让科学界对该实验结果产生共识后再来向大众宣传吧。 目前看到的几条科学家意见好像对该结果有怀疑：“我认为，方法、统计及结果报告都低于我对于严谨试验的期待标准——老实说我很吃惊它竟然被接受发表。”——David Spiegelhalter教授，公共风险理解学，剑桥大学 “与大多数转基因争议一样，这项研究与转基因其实没什么关系。论文作者没有表明这些影响是转基因所致。”——Ottoline Leyser教授，塞恩斯伯里实验室副主任，剑桥大学 “没有提供食物摄入量数据或生长数据。如果摄入量没有限制，这种大鼠很容易出现乳腺肿瘤。”——Tom Sanders教授，营养学研究部主管，伦敦国王学院 网友的留言是质疑法国科学家实验的严谨性，对于这点我没有发言权。如今，在顾秀林老师的博客里看到下面的消息，法国科学家正面来自剑桥大学等科学家的质疑，供回答了9方面的问题，现转发过来供科学网网友参考。 九问九答：法国转基因玉米实验面对质疑 (2012-09-22 00:31:38) 转载 ▼ 标签： 杂谈 分类： 转基因辩论 【感谢一位远在法国的留学生提供了原文和译文，我只做了文字润色。法文原文保留，待高明指正。】 本文链接： http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6188d2520102e6mh.html La publication de l'étude de Gilles-Eric Séralini confirmant la toxicité sur les rats du mas NK 603 a suscité de nombreuses critiques. Le Dr Jol Spiroux, co-auteur de l'étude, répond. 自 Gilles-Eric Séralini 小组发布鼠类实验， NK603 号玉米被确认毒性，引发了众多质疑。本 研究组的 Jol Spiroux 博士回复质疑。 Rats nourris aux OGM et atteints de tumeurs (Gilles-Eric Séralini, Criigen) 用转基因喂养的鼠类患上肿瘤 Après la publication de l’étude de Gilles-Eric Séralini, première étude sur la vie entière de rats nourris au mas NK 603 et qui fait apparatre la toxicité de cet OGM sur ces rats, de nombreuses critiques et questions se sont fait jour sur les conditions de réalisation de l’étude et sa crédibilité. Le Dr Jol Spiroux, co-auteur et directeur adjoint de l’étude, président du Criigen (Comité de recherche et d’information indépendant sur le génie génétique), répond. Gilles-Eric Séralini 小组的研究，是首次鼠类终生喂养 NK603 转基因玉米的研究，结果表明此种转基因作物有毒性。报告发布以后，众多针对实验可信性及条件实时性的质疑及问题纷至沓来。该小组的 Jol Spiroux 博士（兼任 Criigen 独立基因工程信息研究委员会的主席）给予一一回复。 Première critique : 200 rats est un trop faible échantillon pour une étude solide… - L'échantillon des 200 rats, 20 rats par lot, correspond au nombre de rats utilisé par Monsanto dans son étude sur trois mois. En revanche, nous avons étudié beaucoup plus de paramètres toxicologiques. Pour travailler avec plus de rats, il fallait encore plus d’argent. L’étude a déjà coté 3,2 millions d’euros. 第一项质疑：用 200 只实验鼠作这样的大型的研究，样本太小了。 回答 : 200 只实验鼠， 20 只一批，与孟山都公司 3 个月为期的研究在数量上保持了一致。不过我们的毒性参数多得多。做更大样本的试验需要更多资金。此次实验已花费 320 万欧元。 Le type de rats employé, les "Sprague-Dawley", est connu pour développer facilement des tumeurs… -Oui mais ce sont les lignées de rats utilisés dans le monde entier pour les recherches toxicologiques. Ces rats ont l’avantage d’être stables au niveau biologique et physique. Ils ont tous à peu près le même profil, le même poids… Ce sont les rats utilisés depuis le début dans les recherches sur les organismes transgéniques, par les firmes qui en produisent. Y compris par Monsanto. Et les faits sont là : ceux qui ont été nourris au mas OGM, avec ou sans Roundup, développent plus de pathologies. Et beaucoup plus vite. 问题 2 ：实验所用的 SD 鼠“ Sprague － Dawley ”以易患肿瘤闻名。 回答：是的，但这是全球毒性研究都用的常用品种。它们具有生物学稳定性和性状上的优势，有基本相同的体型，毛发 ... 从转基因研究一开始此鼠类就被转基因的生产者用于研究了，包括孟山都公司。结果表明：用转基因玉米喂养的老鼠，不论有没有农达（ Roundup ，孟山都旗下的除草剂 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundup_(herbicide) ），都表达了更多的病理变化。而且速度更快。 En regardant de près, des rats mles nourris au mas OGM ne développent globalement pas plus de tumeurs que les témoins… - Ce qu'il faut regarder, c'est précisément la rapidité des déclenchements. Dans les trois groupes de rats traités, les tumeurs ou les affections des reins et du foie interviennent dès le 4e mois et explosent au 11e et 12e mois. Ce qui correspond à l'ge de 35 à 40 ans pour un homme. Pour le groupe témoin, les tumeurs surviennent surtout en fin de vie, vers le 23e mois et 24e mois, ce qui semble normal chez les rats. 问题 3 ：如果仔细看，被饲喂转基因玉米的雄鼠大体上没有发展出实验证据显示的那么多肿瘤 … 回答：最应该关注的是肿瘤爆发的速度。在三组实验鼠中，肿瘤或者肝肾反应从第 4 个月开始有迹象，第 11 或者第 12 个月爆发。换算成人类是在 35 到 40 岁。在对照组中肿瘤突发于生命终结期，大约第 23 或 24 个月，这在鼠类中属于正常。 Des scientifiques pointent le manque d’information sur la composition précise de la diète à laquelle les rats ont été soumis… - Ce sont des croquettes standards, les mêmes une fois encore que celles utilisées par les producteurs d’OGM dans leurs études. La seule différence est que nous avons précisément dosé leur concentration en mas OGM : 11% pour le premier groupe, 22% pour le deuxième et 33% pour le troisième. 问题 4 ：科学家们提出没有看到对实验鼠食物的组成部分的详细信息 …. 回答：所用的是常见的那种粒状饲料（如粒状猫食狗食），跟之前转基因生产商做实验用的一样。唯一不同的是，我们准确定量了转基因玉米的含量：第一组 11% ，第二章 22% ，第三组 33% 。 La quantité d’OGM absorbée par les rats est plus importante que ce qu’absorbent les hommes… -Détrompez-vous. Les dosages de mas NK 603 sont comparables à ce que mangent en une vie les populations du continent américain, où les OGM sont en vente libre, non étiquetés, non tracés. Ce qui empêche d’ailleurs de les identifier comme agents pathogènes et ouvre la porte au déni. C’est pourquoi on entend dire par exemple que les Américains mangent des OGM depuis 15 ans et ne sont pas malades. 问题 5 ：鼠类吸收的转基因量比人类多 … 回答：再想一想吧。 NK603 号玉米的用量相当于美洲大陆的人一生食用量，那里转基因产品自由出售，不贴标签，毫无痕迹。这样就阻止了并且可以拒绝对病原体鉴别。这就是为什么我们总听到，比方说，美国人从 15 岁就吃转基因而且不生病。 La revue choisie pour publier l’étude, "Food and Chemical Toxicology", n’est pas la plus prestigieuse aux Etats-Unis. -Elle est loin d’être secondaire : c’est une revue scientifique connue internationalement. Ses publications sont soumises à un comité de lecture, dans lequel s’expriment des visions contradictoires. Et c’est celle dans laquelle Monsanto et les autres fabricants publient leurs contre-expertises. 问题 6 ：你们选择在“食品与化学毒理学杂志 Food and Chemical Toxicology ”上发表，在美国不是最权威的杂志。 回答：那家杂志绝不是第二：这是一本享誉全球的科学杂志。发表的文章都要受到同行评审。就是在这本杂志上，孟山都公司为它的产品发表了安全审核（ contre-expertise ）。 On entend aussi que Gilles-Eric Séralini est un anti-OGM patenté, qu'il a obtenu les résultats qu’il cherchait. -Absolument faux. Gilles-Eric Séralini, le Criigen (Comité de recherche et d'information indépendantes sur le génie génétique)et les chercheurs de son laboratoire à l’Université de Caen travaillent également sur les organismes génétiquement modifiés, parce que cela leur donne accès à la connaissance du vivant. Ils n’ont rien contre les OGM pour la fabrication de médicaments. L’insuline par exemple, est fabriquée à partir d’OGM. Cela ne m’empêche pas de la prescrire à mes patients diabétiques. On reconnat ces médicaments par la présence, sur la notice, de l’expression "proténe recombinée". Donc oui aux OGM en laboratoire pharmaceutique. En revanche, Gilles-Eric Séralini et nous autres sommes contre les OGM agricoles, mal étiquetés et dont la toxicité au long court est mal étudiée. 问题 7 ：据说 Gilles-Eric Séralini 是一位反转基因人士，他得到了他所希望的结果。 回答：完全错误。 Gilles-Eric Séralini ， Criigen （独立基因工程信息研究委员会），及其他卡昂大学实验室中的研究人员，都是从事转基因产品研究的，因此他们具有生命科学的常识。他们对转基因药物生产没有异议。比如胰岛素就是由转基因技术生产的。这并不妨碍我给我的糖尿病患者开药。我们在这些药物的注意事项中采用了“重组蛋白”等术语。所以对于转基因药物我们是肯定的。但是 Gilles-Eric Séralini 和我们当中的其他人反对转基因农业，反对不贴标签，以至于无法研究那些产品的毒性。 Vous n’êtes pas cancérologues, que savez-vous des tumeurs… - Non, nous ne sommes pas cancérologues et n’avons jamais dit le contraire. C’est une étude de toxicité, non une étude de cancérogénèse, qui suit d’autres protocoles. D’ailleurs, nous n’avons dit nulle part que les tumeurs étaient cancéreuses. Ce sont des fibro-adénomes et des chirato-acantomes, qui peuvent se transformer en cancers quand les rats vieillissent. 问题 8 ：您不是癌病专家，怎么懂肿瘤呢 … 回答：我们不是癌病专家并且从没说我们是。这是一项毒性研究，不是癌病研究，研究是遵照规定流程做的。而且我们从未说过肿瘤是癌性的。这些纤维瘤和 chirato － acantomes 在鼠类老年时可能转化为癌症。 Il faut une contre-expertise. - Nous sommes d’accords. Nous voulons aussi une contre-expertise, mais faite par des chercheurs indépendants. Pas par ceux qui produisent les études pour les fabricants d’OGM. Ce qui n’est pas la position de l’EFSA pour l’instant (Agence européenne de sécurité sanitaire). 、 问题 9 ：需要鉴定和复核。 回答：同意。我们也希望做再次鉴定，但是必须由独立研究者来做，不能由 曾为转基因生产者做实验的人来做。在目前来说，就是不能由欧洲食品安全局来做。
近日， Food and Chemical Toxicology 报道了法国科学家的最新发现：孟山都的转基因玉米对实验鼠有严重毒性。 原文： Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerant genetically modified maize Food Chem Toxicol_2012_Long term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-t.pdf 蒋高明博友有相关博文评论： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=475do=blogid=614974 http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-475-614649.html 附几篇外电评论： GMO foods produce tumors and organ damage in animals per new long-term study GMO FOODS September 19, 2012 By: Carla Ives http://www.examiner.com/article/gmo-foods-produce-tumors-and-organ-damage-animals-per-new-long-term-study The California organization "Right to Know" is reporting today, September 19, 2012, that the first ever peer-reviewed, long-term animal study of GMO foods has been released. GMO stands for genetically-modified organism. That study links genetically-engineered corn to mammary tumors, kidney and liver damage. The study was published in the Journal of Food and Chemical Toxicology. If you have the scientific knowledge and terminology to read it, you can find the complete study HERE. It is long and very detailed. There have been other studies done in the past on GMO foods which were usually 90-day studies. These studies linked GMO foods to allergies, liver and kidney problems. The release of this long-term animal study gives even further evidence of abnormalities resulting from GMO corn. Advocates of GMO foods claim that these genetic crop modifications have allowed farmers to be more productive than ever, which equates to more people being fed. The GMO crops need less tilling, which reduces soil erosion, and use less pesticides. Crops are even being developed that will survive droughts, heat waves and other natural disasters, thus ensuring the food supply. GMOs and GMO foods have been around for almost 20 years. Why, then, is this only the first long-term study? An article in Scientific American suggests that claims on both sides may be somewhat inaccurate due to a lack of independent research. Scientific American claims that agritech companies (those that produce GMO foods) have given themselves veto power over independent research; in other words, they control access to existing research. To be accepted among scientific professionals, studies must be "peer-reviewed," meaning that other experts in that particular field of study get to review the work and put their stamp of approval on it. According to Scientific American, not all of the GMO food studies make it to a peer review panel. The ones that do make it are usually the ones favorable to the GMOs. That fact makes this independent, peer-reviewed study very significant. California has a question on their ballot in the upcoming election, Proposition 37, which asks if consumers should have the right to have these products labeled so they can make conscientious buying decisions. Currently, GMOs are not required to state that they are, in fact, GMOs on food packaging. So what do you think? Should there be labeling on GMO foods to clearly indicate that the food you are purchasing comes from scientifically-altered crops? Is Scientific American maybe off in their analysis of the existing research and it truly is reliable? Are you comfortable with the whole GMO process? Please leave a comment below. Monsanto's Roundup And Roundup-Resistant Corn Found To Be Toxic In Rats Michael Kelley | Sep. 19, 2012, 6:52 PM http://www.businessinsider.com/monsantos-roundup-and-resistant-corn-found-to-be-toxic-2012-9 The first animal feeding trial studying the lifetime effects of exposure to Monsanto Roundup weedkiller and Monsanto's NK603 Roundup-resistant genetically modified corn found that exposure levels currently considered safe can cause tumors, multiple organ damage and premature death in rats. The study, published Sept 19 in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicity, raises serious concerns not just about the pesticide Roundup, but about the Roundup-ready corn, which comprises 70 percent of the corn grown in the U.S. “The rat has long been used as a surrogate for human toxicity. All new pharmaceutical, agricultural and household substances are, prior to their approval, tested on rats. This is as good an indicator as we can expect that the consumption of GM maize and the herbicide Roundup, impacts seriously on human health,” Dr. Antoniou, molecular biologist at King’s College in London, said in a press release. Monsanto maintains that its Roundup-resistant corn "is as safe as conventional (non-GM-derived) food" and that its 90-day trial prove that, but other studies have challenged the 90-day feeding trials. Three months is the equivalent of late adolescence in rats, which can live for about two years. The new research fed 10 groups of 10 rats a diet containing either NK603 Roundup-resistant GM corn or water containing Roundup at levels permitted in drinking water over a two-year period. The researchers found that the treated rats died significantly earlier than rats fed on a standard diet. Specifically, up to 50 percent of males and 70 percent of females died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group, and treated rats developed 2 to 3 times more large cancers than the control group. (This type of rat is cancer-prone, so all of the animals developed tumors.) Furthermore, 50 to 80 percent of females had developed cancers by the beginning of the 24th month, with up to three tumors per animal, while only 30 percent of the controls were affected. Large detectable cancers appeared much earlier in the treated group. "This is the most thorough research ever published into the health effects of GM food crops and the herbicide Roundup on rats," Antoniou said. "It shows an extraordinary number of tumors developing earlier and more aggressively — particularly in female animals. I am shocked by the extreme negative health impacts." Roundup is the world’s best-selling weedkiller. Monsanto introduced this genetically modified corn in 1998. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/monsantos-roundup-and-resistant-corn-found-to-be-toxic-2012-9#ixzz274mOexi1 Not Everyone Believes The New Study Linking RoundUp To Tumors In Rats Joshua Berlinger | Sep. 20, 2012 http://www.businessinsider.com/french-study-pesticides-lead-to-tumors-2012-9?dm_i=1ANQ,YYU8,6LPVRT,2XKD5,1 A controversial French study that was released on Wednesday alleges that rats fed genetically modified corn or exposed to certain pesticides by Monsanto — one of the biggest agricultural companies in the U.S. — developed tumors and organ damage. The French government has asked its health watchdog to continue to investigate these claims, Reuters reports. Rats were fed corn from a either a seed variety that was made tolerant to 'Roundup' — Monsanto's best-selling weed killer — or regular corn. Another group was given water with RoundUp "at levels permitted in the United States, died earlier than those on a standard diet," or just normal water. University of Caen Professor Gilles-Eric Seralini, lead author of the report, added: "The animals on the genetically modified (GM) diet suffered mammary tumors, as well as severe liver and kidney damage, according to the peer-reviewed study which was published in the journal Food and Chemical Toxicology and presented at a news conference in London." "50 percent of male and 70 percent of female rats died prematurely, compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group." Monsanto spokesman Thomas Helscher said the company "would review the study thoroughly," Reuters added. Skepticism and Controversy While the report has shocked many, many observers have drawn attention to shortcomings in the methodology of the study. The report did not include "any data on how much the rats were given to eat, or what their growth rates were," Tom Sanders, head of the nutritional sciences research division at King's College London, told Reuters. He compared the researchers statistical methods as the equivalent of, "going on a statistical fishing trip." Cultural attitudes may be relevant here as well. In Europe, genetically modified organisms — animals and plants that have had their genes tinkereed with to make them grow faster, or to make resistant to pesticides — are incredibly unpopular, but they are widely used in the United States, though often unmarked. David Spiegelhalter of the University of Cambridge noted that the study's control group was made up of 10 rats of each gender, most of which also got tumors. The San Francisco Chronicle reports: "Some scientists said the rats used in the study are prone to tumors, while others said Americans should be 'dropping like flies' if the results are accurate." And while the end of the report notes "The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest," Seralini has historically been a vocal opponent of Monsanto, according to Think Progress. Independent of the health issues brought up in the study is the problem of escalation; as pesticide use becomes more common in the United States, over time more weeds and pests develop a resistance to the poisons — rendering older pesticides useless and fueling an "arms race" between pests and pesticides and weeds and poisons. Electoral Implications Despite being conducted on the other side of the world, the study has electoral implications in the United States — particularly in California. Proposition 37, which will appear on California's ballot in the November election, would require companies to label "food sold to consumers made from plants or animals with genetic material changed in specified ways." Right to Know, one of the main groups lobbying in favor of Prop 37, called the results of the study "worrying:" "While numerous 90-day studies have already linked GMO foods to allergies and other health problems, today’s publication marks the first-ever long term animal study on the health effects of genetically engineered foods" Monsanto has already poured about $7 million into a campaign to defeat Prop 37. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/french-study-pesticides-lead-to-tumors-2012-9#ixzz274pkIBYL GMO Foods: 'You need to do some research on this!' GMO FOODS August 7, 2012By: James Cooper http://www.examiner.com/article/gmo-foods-you-need-to-do-some-research-on-this The phrase “you need to do some research” comes up a lot in discussions with people who are sure that GMO foods are dangerous despite our assertions that there is no scientific evidence to support their concerns. Such discussions came up recently at the Westport Farmer’s Market. These arguments invariably come out of misunderstandings about how science is done. To a scientist, “doing research” means carrying out the work yourself or checking scientific journals for articles on the subject you are interested in. To the layman, “doing research” means searching web for articles in newspapers, magazines and web sites. This will surely lead to different results. Let’s take a minute and think about how science is carried out. Suppose you think you have made a new chemical compound with interesting properties. Now, you can’t see molecules, so you have to prove that that smidgen in your flask is really the compound you think it is. Usually, a combination of various kinds of spectroscopy will establish the structure. Then, you talk it over with colleagues and make sure that they agree with what you think you’ve found. If they do, you might prepare a talk for a conference, and if people generally agree with you there, you may write a paper on your work and submit it to a scientific journal. But you aren’t done yet. You submit the paper to the journal editor, and the editor sends the paper out to two or three anonymous referees to review what you’ve written. Often, they suggest modifications or more work to prove what you think you’ve done. This is called peer review. When you rewrite the paper to satisfy their concerns, they will probably agree with you and tell the journal editor that they approve the paper. Then, and only then, is it published. In other words, every piece of scientific work published in a scientific journal is subjected to review by other experts before it is even published. And then, people may try to duplicate the work as part of their own research. If it can’t be repeated, this is a serious challenge to its accuracy. Further papers by other researchers add to the strength of the original work. This is why “you need to do some research” may reflect a limited understanding of how science really works. In the case of papers on biology, medicine and medicinal chemistry, the National Institute of Health (NIH) maintains a database of all papers in peer-reviewed journals called PubMed. You can look up papers by topic or author and read their abstracts. It also shows you related papers in that field. PubMed is really the only place you need to look for scientific papers in these fields. If the work was peer-reviewed, it will be there. If it isn’t there, it is really preliminary, or just wrong. Lots of oddball scientific announcements make it into the popular press, but if they haven’t been published in peer-reviewed journals, they don’t matter. In the case of GMO Foods, there are hundreds of peer-reviewed papers on their safety and just about none on any dangers. Here is a good collection of such papers as a review article: A Decade of Funded GMO Research, and here is one assessing the impact of GMO foods on health. So, when you hear about a surprising new claim, check to see if that work has been published in a legitimate peer-reviewed scientific journal. If not, put it aside and check every month or so. If it doesn’t ever appear, the claim was never proven. This certainly applies to wild claims about GMO foods causing asthma, ADHD, obesity, infertility, or changes in major organs. There is no peer-reviewed science behind these claims, let alone a plausible biological mechanism to explain such events.
看到The Scientist上一则消息，“ A Win for GM Crops ”。介绍给大家。故事的梗概如下： 一个公司“Pioneer Hi-Bred”，要在意大利种植孟山都公司的抗虫转基因玉米品系“MON810”。该品系之前通过了欧盟的审批，但最近遭到了意大利农业部的反对。这个公司和意大利农业部对簿欧盟公堂（EU Court of Justice），Pioneer Hi-Bred公司赢了，那个转基因玉米品系可以在意大利种植了。之前，法国也闹过这么一出戏，也是欧盟法庭否决了当地政府的决定。 声明一下我的观点：1）支持转基因，但工作上，除了上课讲到转基因外，与转基因技术和产品没有关系；2）我烦透了关于转基因和中西医的争论，近期本人不参与有关讨论； 对我转载的这一新闻有意见的网友，可以自己写博文对之批判，或者直接向欧盟这个法庭（EU Court of Justice）抗议，表达中国人民对欧盟法庭无视欧洲人民健康的愤慨 。3）最后提醒大家一句，欧美政府对当地人民的健康还是相当关心滴，如果欧美政府敢让欧美百姓吃，这东西不会让人绝育。 不用人肉，很容易搜到了那个法庭的电话（ http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/court-justice/index_en.htm ）。反转基因的网友，如果你觉得自己的理由很充分，给他们打电话解救一下受苦受难的欧盟人民吧。但千万别让人家甩给几个字“补习生物知识去”。另外，有网友张维认为此法庭是个山寨法庭，是不是山寨法庭请大家根据欧盟的网页自己判断吧。 欧盟首席科学顾问Anne Glover对转基因的看法请参考 邸利会老师的相关博文 。可能有人会说，这个女人被孟山都公司收买了。与对一切都怀疑的人，我觉得没法进行讨论。 下面是该新闻全文 A Win for GM Crops The EU Court of Justice struck down Italy’s attempt to block genetically modified maize. By Beth Marie Mole | September 10, 2012 States in the European Union (EU) can’t create their own approval process for growing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), the EU Court of Justice ruled last week (September 6). The judgment concludes a dispute between the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and the Italian arm of biotechnology company Pioneer Hi-Bred, which produces and distributes conventional and genetically modified (GM) seeds. The Ministry refused to allow Pioneer Hi-Bred to cultivate GM maize—despite prior approval by the EU—claiming a lack of “co-existence” measures between modified, organic, and conventional crops. In its ruling last week, the court wrote that a member state cannot prohibit “in a general manner the cultivation on their territory of such GMOs pending the adoption of coexistence measures,” citing legislation that made the use and marketing of GMOs under the jurisdiction of the EU, which approved the use of GM maize in 1997. Specifically, Pioneer Hi-Bred was seeking to cultivate a variety derived from Monsanto’s controversial insect-resistant maize, MON810, which the EU approved for use in 1998, despite fears that it could cause harm to the environment. France, the EU’s largest maize producer, banned MON810 in 2008, only to have the ban overturned by the EU in 2011. Italy is the EU’s second largest producer of maize. A spokesperson for the European Association of Bioindustries (EuropaBio) wrote in a statement, that the ruling “by the highest court in the European Union again confirms that national bans on GM crops are not legally defendable.”
【农大校园网】6月4日，中国农业大学赖锦盛教授课题组研究论文“Genome-wide genetic changes during modern breeding of maize”在 Nature Genetics （《自然﹒遗传》，影响因子为36.377）正式发表。 玉米是世界上重要的粮食作物之一。过去几十年的玉米育种为玉米产量带来了巨大的增长，但是品种改良过程中带来的基因组水平上的遗传变化之前一直还没有系统的研究。 赖锦盛教授课题组利用第二代测序技术对来自不同地域以及不同育种年代的278份玉米自交系基因组进行了系统地比较分析，阐述了现代玉米育种过程中的发生的基因组遗传变化规律。研究发现玉米育种过程中涉及了上千个受选择的靶位点，其中包括编码蛋白的基因以及非编码调控区。同时发现在玉米育种过程中遗传多样性有所丢失，但群体中低频等位基因的不断累积，比例在不断增加。通过分析四个具有系谱关系的中国自交系发现，育种过程中玉米基因组的同源区间能够产生广泛的遗传变异，而且这种变异非常迅速。研究还对这些变异类型（包括单碱基突变，插入缺失及基因拷贝数变异）的速率进行了准确的估算。
方舟子 绿色和平这个臭名昭著的反科学组织每隔一段时间就要来散布一下妖魔 化转基因的谣言吓唬公众，虽经多次揭露，其信用居然在中国媒体上还没有破产， 别人不烦我也烦了。既然此事在网上已被炒了起来，我就再评几句： 一、发布科学研究成果的正常渠道是经同行评议的学术期刊，越是重大的成 果应该在越是权威的期刊上发表。那些不先发论文而靠媒体来发布的所谓科研成 果，往往是在学术上站不住脚的，没有专业识别能力的普通公众对此应该警惕。 二、因为没有看到这个研究的论文，只能从新闻报道了解其内容。对比英文 报道，可知绿色和平歪曲、夸大了这个研究结果。据英文报道，该研究发现 的是喂了20周的转基因杂交玉米的小鼠产下的第三窝和第四窝的后代数量较少、 体重较轻，绿色和平竟给歪曲成从第三代开始，后代的体重、体长和数量 都明显减少，让人误以为转基因作物具有隐藏的遗传毒性，传到第三代才暴露 出来。这可能不是由于英文阅读能力的问题，而是有意造谣制造恐慌。 三、对比英文报道，可知绿色和平故意隐瞒了反面的证据：在另一组研 究中，小鼠之间的差异被发现较不明显，不具有统计学上的意义。也就是说，这 个研究结果并没能重复出来。 四、退一步说，即使这个研究成果可以重复，也无法确知是否是转基因成分 的毒性所致。有很多因素可以导致小鼠的生育能力降低，例如营养不良。 五、再退一步说，即使这个研究成果可以证明小鼠生育能力的降低是转基因 成分引起的，也不过说明这种转基因杂交品种的安全性有问题，并不能用以说明 其他转基因作物就有问题，更不能就此否定了转基因技术。某种转基因作物可能 会有安全性问题，并不是什么奇怪的事，所以在每一种转基因作物推广、上市之 前，都必须做严格的安全性检测。对转基因作物的安全性，应该具体品种具体研 究，而不是泛泛地下反对结论。 附： 最新科研证实转基因玉米影响生育能力 网易探索11月12日报道 奥地利政府于当地时间11月11日发布最新科学研究， 首次证实转基因玉米会导致小白鼠繁殖能力下降。国际环保组织绿色和平警示： 包括中国在内的各国政府需加强对转基因食品安全性的研究，同时呼吁立即停止 任何转基因粮食作物的商业化审批和种植。 此项研究由奥地利健康部和农业与环境部共同发起并资助，维也纳大学兽医 学教授Juergen Zentek主持完成。研究结果显示，在长达20周以上的持续喂养评 估实验中，被喂养饲料中含33％转基因玉米的小白鼠从第三代开始，后代的体重、 体长和数量都明显减少。这一研究结果明确证实了转基因作物对健康的威胁。 我国对于转基因粮食作物的安全性研究和商业化审核需要更为谨慎，避免伤害到 我国十三亿人的健康与未来。绿色和平食品与农业项目主任方立锋说。 该研究所用材料为孟山都公司研发的转基因玉米NK603(抗除草剂)和 MON810(Bt抗虫)的杂交品种，在阿根廷、日本、菲律宾和南非等国家已通过生物 安全审批。 早在2004年和2005年，中国已经批准进口这两种孟山都公司的转基因玉米。 今年7月9 日，国务院总理温家宝在国务院常务会议上审议并原则通过了转基因 生物新品种培育科技重大专项，其中包括在2020年前共200亿元的转基因研究专 项资金。同时，据悉目前在中国已经有转基因水稻和转基因玉米在等待农业部商 业化种植资格审批。 方立锋说：水稻是中国最重要的粮食作物，关系着十三亿人的吃饭问题。 此次奥地利转基因玉米的研究证实转基因作物对健康的隐患。在这种情况下，我 国在对待转基因作物尤其是转基因水稻的商业化审批时，必须慎之又 慎。 值得注意的是，孟山都公司在2003年对该杂交品种曾进行了42天的雏鸡喂养 实验，虽然实验发现了在鸡的翅膀重量等方面有显著不同，但当时却被孟山都公 司判定为生物学上不显著。 方立锋说：对转基因技术的安全性研究时，这些生物公司有着自己的意见。 我们鼓励中国政府充分考虑到转基因技术的长期安全性以及该技术涉及的知识产 权隐患，将更多的资源投入到长期安全性的更彻底研究中，而不是仓促推动转基 因技术的商业化。 (本文由绿色和平网易博客提供) Genetically modified maize lowers fertility in mice, study finds Vienna - Feeding mice with genetically engineered maize developed by the US-based Monsanto corporation led to lower fertility and body weight, according to a study conducted by the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna presented Tuesday. In the study, mice fed with the NK603 x MON810 sweetcorn variety over a period of 20 weeks showed a smaller litter size and lighter offspring than mice fed with non-engineered maize. The differences were statistically significant in the third and fourth litters, according to an abstract of the study led by Professor Juergen Zentek and commissioned by Austria's Environment Ministry. Although in an alternative set-up of the study the differences between the groups of mice were found to be less pronounced and statistically not significant, the environmental organization Global 2000 said this meant that further long-term tests were needed. Austria has long resisted calls by the European Commission to allow the use of genetically modified food, but it finally had to lift its ban on MON810 maize as animal feed last year. However, Austrian feed companies have so far agreed to a self- imposed ban on MON810. The tested corn breed is a cross of MON810 and another variety and is designed to be resistant against herbicides and insects. An expert panel of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) found in 2005 that the hybrid was safe for human and animal health. Following the release of the study at a conference in Vienna, Global 2000 and Greenpeace criticized EFSA's approval of the variety and called for a ban of genetically engineered maize. It is now vital to keep animal feed in Austria free of genetically engineered maize, and an immediate ban on the use of genetically engineered maize MON810 in Austria is the order of the day, Global 2000 spokesman Jens Karp said. (XYS20081112)
标签: 玉米
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