The p16/miR-217/EGR1 pathway modulates age-related tenogenic differentiation in tendon stem/progenitor cells Weifeng Han, Bing Wang, Junpeng Liu, and Lei Chen Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 2017, 49: 1015–1021; doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx104 Previous studies have shown that the differentiation potential declines with the age of progenitor cells and is linked to altered levels of senescence markers. The purpose of this study was to test whether senescence marker p16 affects age-related tenogenic differentiation in tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Young and aged TSPCs were isolated from young/healthy and aged/degenerated human Achilles tendons, respectively. Cellular aging and capacity for tenogenic differentiation were examined. The results showed that the tenogenic differentiation capacity of TSPCs significantly decreases with advancing age. TSPCs from elderly donors showed upregulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16 and concurrently a decrease in Type I collagen concentration and in the expressions of tendon-related markers: Scx, Tnmd, Bgn, Dcn, Col1, and Col3. Overexpression of p16 significantly inhibited tenogenic differentiation of young TSPCs. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that this effect is mediated by microRNA-217 and its target EGR1. These results indicated that p16 inhibits tenogenic differentiation of TSPCs via microRNA signaling pathways, which may serve as a potential target for the prevention or treatment in the future. p16 transforms the phenotype of young TSPCs to aged TSPCs 阅读原文: http://www.abbs.org.cn/arts.asp?id=4227 获取全文: abbs@sibs.ac.cn 相关论文: 1 Biologics for tendon repair 2 Tendon injury: from biology to tendon repair 3 Harnessing endogenous stem /progenitor cells for tendon regeneration 4 The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments 5 Progress in cell-based therapies for tendon repair 6 Tendon Basic Science: Development, Repair , Regeneration, and Healing 7 Cell-material interactions in tendon tissue engineering 8 Mesenchymal stem cells for tendon healing: what is on the horizon?
The Age of Jackson 【Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (阿瑟.M. 小施莱辛格)著 《杰克逊时代 》 1945 年版 】 【黄安年个人藏书书目（美国问题英文部分编号 407 】 黄安年辑 黄安年的博客 /2019 年 3 月 11 日 发布（第 21170 号） 自2019年起，笔者将通过博客陆续发布个人收藏的全部图书书目，目前先发布美国问题英文书目，已经超过406单独编号，不分出版时间先后与图书类别。 这里发布的是 Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. ( 阿瑟.M. 小施莱辛格)著 The Age of Jackson （ 《杰克逊时代 》）， Little, Brown and CompNY,1945 年版 577 页。 照片11张拍自该书 1 ， 2 ， 3 ， 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ， 9, 10, 11
轴心时代 （英语：Axial Age，或Axial Era） 的 天气 情况 轴心时代（英语：Axial Age，或Axial Era），由德国哲 学家 卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯 提出的哲 学发展理论。意指公元前八百年至公元前两百年之间，在这段时期中，世上主要宗教背后的哲学都同时发展起来。 Axial Age or Axial Period ( German : Achsenzeit , axis time) is a term coined by German philosopher Karl Jaspers to describe the period from 800 to 200 BC, during which, according to him, similar new ways of thinking appeared in Persia , India , the Sinosphere and the Western world . The concept was introduced in his book Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte ( The Origin and Goal of History ), published in 1949. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_Age NOAA Climate Reconstruction http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction 里有 Northern Hemisphere Temperature (Ice Cores), 4,000 Years, Kobashi et al. 2013 《Causes of Greenland temperature variability over the past 4000 yr: implications for northern hemispheric temperature changes. CLIMATE OF THE PAST, 2013, 9(5): 2299-2317》， http://www.clim-past.net/9/2299/2013/cp-9-2299-2013.html 还有别的吗？ 貌似：相对平稳的气温，大有好处。 轴心（-600~-300）、西汉（-202~8）、唐（618~907）、明清（1368~1912），都存在气温长期相对稳定时期？ 感谢您的指教！
“We live in an age of progress” Commencement address by Fareed Zakaria May 24, 2012 Thank you so much, President Faust, Fellows of the Corporation, Overseers, Ladies and Gentlemen, and graduates. To the graduates in particular, I have to tell you, you’re way ahead of me already. I never made it to my commencement, either from college or graduate school. I went to college south of here, in a small town called New Haven, Connecticut. And, well, I celebrated a bit the night before the ceremony. The honest truth is, I slept through much of my commencement. Then, after I had finally made it to Harvard for graduate school, I took a job before I had finished my Ph.D., and wrote the final chapters while working in New York. I couldn’t get away from work for Commencement, and I got my degree in the mail. So, 19 years later, it is a great honor to receive, in person, a Harvard degree. Harvard was, for me, a revelation. Contrary to the conventional wisdom on this campus, it is possible to receive a fine education at Yale, and I did. But Harvard’s great graduate programs have an ambition, energy, and range that, for me, made it a dazzling, electric experience. Getting a Ph.D. involves many hours of grueling work, but, if you do it right, also many hours of goofing off with friends, acquiring new hobbies and interests, and working your way through the great resources here — from the libraries to cafes. I fully availed myself of these opportunities, and the time spent not working (in a formal sense) was as valuable as the hours in seminar rooms. I learned from students, faculty, and visitors. Harvard is really where I learned to think, and I owe this University a deep debt of gratitude, as most of you do as well — something the University will remind you of from time to time. I have always been wary of making commencement speeches because I don’t think of myself as old enough to have any real wisdom to impart on such an august occasion. I’d like to think I’m still vaguely post-graduate. But there’s nothing like having kids to remind me of how deeply uncool I am. So I accept this task, with some trepidation. The best commencement speech I ever read was by the humorist Art Buchwald. He was brief, saying simply, “Remember, we are leaving you a perfect world. Don’t screw it up.” You are not going to hear that message much these days. Instead, you’re likely to hear that we are living through grim economic times, that the graduates are entering the slowest recovery since the Great Depression. The worries are not just economic. Ever since 9/11, we have lived in an age of terror, and our lives remain altered by the fears of future attacks and a future of new threats and dangers. Then there are larger concerns that you hear about: The Earth is warming; we’re running out of water and other vital resources; we have a billion people on the globe trapped in terrible poverty. So, I want to sketch out for you, perhaps with a little bit of historical context, the world as I see it. The world we live in is, first of all, at peace — profoundly at peace. The richest countries of the world are not in geopolitical competition with one another, fighting wars, proxy wars, or even engaging in arms races or “cold wars.” This is a historical rarity. You would have to go back hundreds of years to find a similar period of great power peace. I know that you watch a bomb going off in Afghanistan or hear of a terror plot in this country and think we live in dangerous times. But here is the data. The number of people who have died as a result of war, civil war, and, yes, terrorism, is down 50 percent this decade from the 1990s. It is down 75 percent from the preceding five decades, the decades of the Cold War, and it is, of course, down 99 percent from the decade before that, which is World War II. Steven Pinker says that we are living in the most peaceful times in human history, and he must be right because he is a Harvard professor. The political stability we have experienced has allowed the creation of a single global economic system, in which countries around the world are participating and flourishing. In 1980, the number of countries that were growing at 4 percent a year — robust growth — was around 60. By 2007, it had doubled. Even now, after the financial crisis, that number is more than 80. Even in the current period of slow growth, keep in mind that the global economy as a whole will grow 10 to 20 percent faster this decade than it did a decade ago, 60 percent faster than it did two decades ago, and five times as fast as it did three decades ago. The result: The United Nations estimates that poverty has been reduced more in the past 50 years than in the previous 500 years. And much of that reduction has taken place in the last 20 years. The average Chinese person is 10 times richer than he or she was 50 years ago — and lives for 25 years longer. Life expectancy across the world has risen dramatically. We gain five hours of life expectancy every day — without even exercising! A third of all the babies born in the developed world this year will live to be 100. All this is because of rising standards of living, hygiene, and, of course, medicine. Atul Gawande, a Harvard professor who is also a practicing surgeon, and who also writes about medicine for The New Yorker, writes about a 19th century operation in which the surgeon was trying to amputate his patient’s leg. He succeeded — at that — but accidentally amputated his assistant’s finger as well. Both died of sepsis, and an onlooker died of shock. It is the only known medical procedure to have a 300 percent fatality rate. We’ve come a long way. To understand the astonishing age of progress we are living in, you just look at the cellphones in your pockets. (Many of you have them out and were already looking at them. Don’t think I can’t see you.) Your cellphones have more computing power than the Apollo space capsule. That capsule couldn’t even Tweet! So just imagine the opportunities that lie ahead. Moore’s Law — that computing power doubles every 18 months while costs halve — may be slowing down in the world of computers, but it is accelerating in other fields. The human genome is being sequenced at a pace faster than Moore’s Law. A “Third Industrial Revolution,” involving material science and the customization of manufacturing, is yet in its infancy. And all these fields are beginning to intersect and produce new opportunities that we cannot really foresee. The good news goes on. Look at the number of college graduates globally. It has risen fourfold in the last four decades for men, but it has risen sevenfold for women. I believe that the empowerment of women, whether in a village in Africa or a boardroom in America, is good for the world. If you are wondering whether women are in fact smarter than men, the evidence now is overwhelming: yes. My favorite example of this is a study done over the last 25 years in which it found that female representatives in the House of Congress were able to bring back $49 million more in federal grants than their male counterparts. So it turns out women are better than men even at pork-barrel spending. We can look forward to a world enriched and ennobled by women’s voices. Now you might listen to me and say “This is all wonderful for the world at large, but what does this mean for America?” Well, for America and for most places, peace and broader prosperity — “the rise of the rest” — means more opportunities. I remind you that this is a country that still has the largest and most dynamic economy in the world, that dominates the age of technology, that hosts hundreds of the world’s greatest companies, that houses its largest, deepest capital markets, and that has almost all of the world’s greatest universities. There is no equivalent of Harvard in China or India, nor will there be one for decades, perhaps longer. The United States is also a vital society. It is the only country in the industrialized world that is demographically vibrant. We add 3,000,000 people to the country every year. That itself is a powerful life force, and it is made stronger by the fact that so many of these people are immigrants. They — I should say we — come to this country with aspirations, with hunger, with drive, with determination, and with a fierce love for America. By 2050, America will have a better demographic profile than China. This country has its problems, but I would rather have America’s problems than most any other place in the world. When I tell you that we live in an age of progress, I am not urging complacency — far from it. We have had daunting challenges over the last 100 years: a depression, two world wars, a Cold War, 9/11, and global economic crisis. But we have overcome them by our response. Human action and human achievement have managed to tackle terrible problems. We forget our successes. In 2009, the H1N1 virus broke out in Mexico. Now, if you looked back at the trajectory of these kinds of viruses, it is quite conceivable this one would have spread like the Asian flu in 1957 or 1968, in which 4,000,000 people died. But this time, the Mexican health authorities identified the problem early, shared the information with the WHO, learned best practices fast, tracked down where the outbreak began, quarantined people, and vaccinated others. The country went on a full-scale alert, banning any large gatherings. In a Catholic country, you couldn’t go to church for three Sundays. Perhaps more importantly, you couldn’t go to soccer matches either. The result was that the virus was contained, to the point where, three months later, people wondered what the big fuss was and asked if we had all overreacted. We didn’t overreact; we reacted, we responded, and we solved the problem. There are other examples. In the 12 months following the economic peak in 2008, industrial production fell by as much as it did in the first year of the depression. Equity prices and global trade fell more. Yet this time, no Great Depression followed. Why? Because of the coordinated actions of governments around the world. 9/11 did not usher in an age of terrorism, with al-Qaida going from strength to strength. Why? Because countries cooperated in fighting them and other terror groups, with considerable success. When we can come together, when we cooperate, when we put aside petty differences, the results are astounding. So, when we look at the problems we face — economic crises, terrorism, climate change, resource scarcity — keep in mind that these problems are real, but also that the human reaction and response to them will also be real. We can more easily map out the big problem than the thousands of individual actions governments, firms, organizations, and people will take that will constitute the solution. In a sense, I’m betting on the graduates in this great audience. I believe that your actions will have consequences. Your efforts will make a difference. And turning to the graduates, I know I am expected to provide some advice at a commencement. Should you go into nanotechnology or bioengineering? What are the industries of the future? Honestly, I have no idea. But one thing I do know is that human beings will reward and honor those talents of heart and mind they have always honored for thousands of years: intelligence, hard work, discipline, courage, loyalty and, perhaps above all, love and a generosity of spirit. Those are the qualities that, at the end of the day, make you live a great life, one that is rewarded by the outside world, and a good life, one that is rewarded only by those who know you best. These are the virtues that people honor, that they built statues for 5,000 years ago. Well, nobody builds statues anymore. They build weird, modernist sculptures with strange pieces of metal falling off of them, but you get my idea. Trust yourself; you know what you should do. You know the kind of life you should live. You don’t need an ethics course to know what you shouldn’t do. Just trust in your instincts, be true to them, and you will make for yourself a great and a good life. And, in doing so, you will change the world. I said that at my age I don’t feel competent to give you much advice, but I will give you one last piece of wisdom that comes with age. For all of you who are graduating students or, really, anyone who is still young, trust me. You cannot possibly understand the love that your parents have for you until you have children of your own. Once you have your own kids, their strange behavior will suddenly make sense. But don’t wait that long. On this day of all days, give them a hug, and tell them that you love them. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, and to the graduates of Harvard University’s Class of 2012, Godspeed. 原文见 http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/05/text-of-fareed-zakarias-commencement-address/
Age and Happiness: Pay, Peers and Pride 发布时间：2012-04-04 文章出自：经济学人 原文链接： 点击查看 KNOWING that you are paid less than your peers has two effects on happiness. The well-known one is negative: a thinner pay packet harms self-esteem. The lesser-known one is called the “tunnel” effect: high incomes for peers are seen as improving your own chances of similar riches, especially if growth, inequality and mobility are high. A paper co-authored by Felix FitzRoy of the University of St Andrews and presented this week at the Royal Economic Society in Cambridge separates the two effects using data from household surveys in Germany. Previous work showed that the income of others can have a small, or even positive, overall effect on people’s satisfaction in individual firms in Denmark or in very dynamic economies in transition, such as post-communist eastern Europe. But Mr FitzRoy’s team theorised that older workers, who largely know their lifetime incomes already, will enjoy a much smaller tunnel effect. The data confirm this hypothesis. The negative effect on reported levels of happiness of being paid less than your peers is not visible for people aged under 45. In western Germany, seeing peers’ incomes rising actually makes young people happier (even more than a rise in their own incomes, remarkably). It is only those people over 45, when careers have “reached a stable position”, whose happiness is harmed by the success of others. The prospect of 20-plus years of bitterness might make retirement seem more appealing. But the real gains in happiness from retirement go not to the outshone, but to the out-of-work. Unemployment is known to damage happiness because not working falls short of social expectations. This loss of identity cannot be compensated for by unemployment benefits or increased leisure time. A paper presented at the same conference by a team represented by Clemens Hetschko of Freie Universitt Berlin uses the same German household data to show that the spirits of the long-term unemployed rise when they stop looking for work, go into retirement and no longer clash with social norms. Those with jobs are no happier after they retire, however, perhaps because their lives already line up with social expectations. Indeed, retiring early from work can have nasty side-effects. Another paper, co-authored by Andreas Kuhn of the University of Zurich, investigates the effect of a change in Austrian employment-insurance rules that allowed blue-collar workers earlier retirement in some regions than others. Men retiring a year early lower their odds of surviving to age 67 by 13%. Almost a third of this higher mortality rate, which seemed to be concentrated among those who were forced into retirement by job loss, was caused by smoking and alcohol consumption. If you’re in a job, even an underpaid one, hang on in there. 年龄与幸福：收入、同事和自尊 发布时间：2012-04-04 文章出自：译言 原文链接： 点击查看 人人都会步入老年。当年过半百、尚未退休的你，看到年轻的同事拿着比你多的薪水，你会是怎样的心态？自怨自艾？感慨一生？羡慕嫉妒？这并不是一个明智的老者所应有的心态。本文告诉你，年龄大小，幸福与否，并没有直接的因果关系。晚退休，延续与社会准则的对接；早退休，经受身份认知缺位的折磨。幸福是个很玄妙的东西。幸不幸福，你自己说了算。 得知自己的收入少于同事会在两方面影响你的幸福。第一条负面影响是众所周知的，那就是“挣得少伤自尊”。第二条少有人知道，该影响被称作“隧道效应”：同事收入高，也预示着自己将有加薪的这一天（当经济增长加速、不平等现象加剧、迁徙频度增大，这一点表现得尤为明显。 英国皇家经济学会最近发表的一篇论文，基于德国家庭入户调查数据，将这两个影响分开做研究。来自圣安德鲁大学的 Felix FitzRoy 是论文作者之一。早期研究表明，人们对公司的满意度很少受到他人收入状况的影响，即使有影响，也以正面影响居多。这在丹麦以及处于转型期、经济活动活跃的后共产主义东欧国家表现得尤为明显。但FitzRoy先生的研究团队发现，对于那些一辈子收入几成定局的老年工人来说，他们所能承受的“隧道效应”要小得多（见不得别人比自己收入多）。 数据证实了这一假设。对于45岁以下的人来说，拿着比同事少的收入并不会对他们的幸福感产生多大影响。在西德，见到同事收入增长会让那儿的年轻人感到更幸福（甚至比得知自己收入增长还要感到幸福）。对于年龄超过45岁的人来说，职业发展已进入“稳定期，幸福感很容易被他人的成功所左右。 20几岁正是经受痛苦和挫折的时候。此时，“退休”似乎是一个更有吸引力的词。但退休所带来的幸福，并不来自与他人比较，而是来自“不工作”的状态。失业带来不幸福，因为不工作意味着和社会脱节。不工作的好处或多出来的闲暇时间不能补偿身份认知的缺位。柏林自由大学的 Clemens Hetschko 在同一会议上陈述了他所在团队的论文。这篇论文使用同一组德国家庭入户调查数据，分析得出结论：长期不工作者停止求职、进入退休状态、不再与社会准则冲突时，情绪会高涨。 然而，有工作的人退休后并不会感到更幸福。可能因为他们的生活早已与社会期望对接。事实上，提前退休不一定就是件很开心的事。另一篇论文研究了奥地利在职保险条例变化所带来的影响，该变化允许一些地区的蓝领工人提早退休。苏黎世大学的Andreas Kuhn参与了该论文的撰写工作。论文中说 ，男人提早一年退休，活到67岁的概率将降低13%。在因失业而被迫退休的群体中，几乎每三个去世的人就有一个是死于酗酒抽烟。所以如果你有份工作，也请坚持做着，即便收入不高。 本文由由译言网ieshown1提供
A recent study found that combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and, to a lesser extent, increasing age reduced the severity of dysmenorrhea in women aged 19 to 24 years. Ingela Lindh, PhD, and colleagues Agneta Andersson Ellstrm, MD, PhD, and Ian Milsom, MD, PhD, all from the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden, reported their findings in an article published online January 17 in Human Reproduction . They used 2 tools, a verbal multidimensional scoring system (VMS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS), to evaluate dysmenorrhea in 3 groups of women at 19 and 24 years of age. The researchers used the population registers from the city of Gothenburg to identify women who were 19 years old in 1981, 1991, and 2001. They picked every fourth woman from the register in 1981, and every third woman from the registers in 1991 and 2001. The women all resided in Gothenburg at the time of birth and at the times of assessment. They were born in 1962 (62 cohort), 1972 (72 cohort), and 1982 (82 cohort) and were first evaluated at age 19 years in 1981 (n = 489), 1991 (n = 523), and 2001 (n = 392), respectively. They were evaluated again 5 years later, at age 24 years. The team sent postal questionnaires with about 40 questions regarding contraception, reproductive history, menstrual pattern, duration and intensity of menstrual pain, need for medical care, ability to work during menses, and information including height, weight, and smoking status. The VMS instructs the individual to rate their pain as none, mild, moderate, or severe. The VAS has the person rate their pain along a straight line representing a continuum of 1 to 10, with "no pain at all" at one end and "unbearable" pain at the other. The researchers performed a correlation analysis to compare the VMS and VAS in all women who completed them at both ages. They found a significant correlation ( r = 0.83; P .0001) between reports of dysmenorrhea by both tools; therefore, they report the VMS results as mean values. The researchers compared menstrual bleeding pattern and dysmenorrhea severity both within and between the 3 cohorts at 19 and 24 years of age. Fewer women in the 82 cohort reported no dysmenorrhea on the VMS than in the other 2 cohorts. Participants in the 82 cohort had a higher VMS score at 19 and 24 years of age ( P .05 and P .001) compared with the 62 cohort, and a higher VMS score at age 24 than the 72 cohort ( P .01). The 82 cohort reported more severe dysmenorrhea on the VAS compared with the 62 cohort ( P .001) and the 72 cohort ( P .01) at ages 19 and 24 years, respectively. Dysmenorrhea-related absenteeism was 31% to 33% at 19 years of age and decreased in all 3 groups at age 24 years to 20% to 23%. The researchers placed the women in 1 of 2 groups: those who used COCs at age 19 years, but not at age 24 years, and those who did not use COCs at age 19 years, but did at age 24 years, and compared these groups with each other. Women were excluded from these analyses if they had given birth, used an intrauterine device, or used progestogen-only contraception methods. When all 3 cohorts were analyzed together, women who used COCs at age 19 years, but not at age 24 years, had increased severity of dysmenorrhea, and women who did not use COCs at age 19 years, but did at age 24 years, had decreased dysmenorrhea severity. The decrease in dysmenorrhea between the cohorts was demonstrated equally by the VMS tool (0.58, confidence interval, 0.35 - 0.81; P .0001) and the VAS tool (18.8, confidence interval, 11.6 - 26.0; P .0001). One study limitation is that few women included in the trial gave birth, which reduced the ability to assess the effect of childbirth on dysmenorrhea. "The study was a large longitudinal cohort study that used patients as their own controls, as it was done over time. The age-related findings may have had a decrease in smoking and increase in weight as confounders, but showed a statistically significant decrease in dysmenorrhea with the use of COCs," Leah Kaufman, MD, residency program director, North Shore Long Island Jewish/Hofstra School of Medicine, New York City, told Medscape Medical News in an interview. "When analysing the cohorts separately, a corresponding decreased severity of dysmenorrhoea was noted for the 62 and 72 cohorts according to both measurement systems, but in the 82 cohort only when using the VAS," write the Dr. Lindh and colleagues. COCs and increasing age reduced severity of dysmenorrhea independent of each other, according to the authors, and COCs reduced dysmenorrhea more than increasing age or childbirth. "The decrease in the severity of dysmenorrhoea achieved by COCs was equivalent to the transfer of every third woman one step down on the VMS scale, which — in clinical terms — will result in less pain, improved working ability and a decrease in the need for analgesics," the authors write. "Effective management of dysmenorrhoea is beneficial for both the afflicted individual and society and thus the possibility of a beneficial influence of COCs on dysmenorrhea should be included in contraceptive counselling," write the authors. Dr. Kaufman agrees. "As a practicing generalist I regularly prescribe COC's for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, with marked improvement in their functionality and a decrease in their absenteeism from work and school," she said. "The potential issue of difference in pain perception and a decrease in pain, particularly with respect to dysmenorrhea associated with age, was suggested in the article, but not proven. Differential pain perception by age and the need for physicians to tailor treatment and counseling based on this concept would be interesting, if proven with the elimination of other confounding factors," she explained. " t is desirable that the findings from this study providing evidence for a beneficial effect of COCs in dysmenorrhea be confirmed by a placebo-controlled, randomized trial where the efficacy of COCs in dysmenorrhea are assessed as a primary outcome measure," the authors conclude. 来源： http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/757285
科学家出重要成果年龄变大 Benjamin F. Jonesa 和 Bruce A. Weinbergb 发表在PNAS（The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America）的原文《Age dynamics in scientific creativity》在 http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/11/03/1102895108 。可惜俺没有钱购买。 该文的Data Supplement: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/11/03/1102895108/suppl/DCSupplemental 第25、26页的图片，如下： 物理学家，无论是理论的还是实验的，做出重大成果（Great Achievement）的年龄都在40岁以后了。 看来像俺一样的老科学家应该受到重视了。嘻嘻！ 有关介绍请看： 牛登科 老师《科学家的创造力与年龄》， http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=61772do=blogid=506120 请您提供更多信息！谢谢！ 本博文“热门博文”上升中 上面昨天，今天9:00的情况如下：
I was told that I was “Middle Aged” many years ago, by my own parents, when I was barely 40. I know very well that I am getting older every year; but who isn’t? No one gets younger in reality, unless you are Benjamin Button. Still, it shocked me that I am now “officially” a senior (but not senior enough to get discounted movie passes in Hawaii, when one has to be 62), and I can be referred to as “a grandma,” according to this article below. Need to 'Rent-a-Grandma'? Try This New Franchise A Los Angeles-based employment service that specializes in providing senior women for domestic staffing needs has just launched a national franchise program. Even though the ink on the disclosure documents is barely dry, Rent-A-Grandma has already reached tentative agreement with a Texas entrepreneur to roll out five franchises in the Lone Star State. The service provides carefully screened women age 50 and over for roles including child care, elder care, housekeeping, cooking, estate management, pet sitting and other domestic staffing jobs. The advantage that older women bring is their extensive age/life experience, Todd Bliss, the company's founder and CEO, told BusinessNewsdaily. To read more, go to http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20110606/sc_livescience/needtorentagrandmatrythisnewfranchise
标签: age
