http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/130424271 申请美国学校里，fellowship 和 scholarship 有什么差别呢？ 关于fellowship 和 scholarship 的差别不是很容易说清楚。 目前国内网上的解释大多是误导性的。 1. 对本科生而言，fellowship 和 scholarship 区别不大，不同的学校有不同的意思解释， 同样性质的一笔钱（给学生的）有的学校用 scholarship 有的学校用 fellowship。 从美国英语的角度，scholarship 包含fellowship。 在英国fellowship又有不一样的意思。 总体来说，在美国fellowship 只是对学生优异表现的奖励，钱可多可少；而 scholarship可以是对学生表现的奖励， 也可以是基于家庭经济需要，也可以是基于某种特殊技能， 也可以是对少数民族学生的优惠。 象美国小姐选美也是一个scholarship program。 scholarship的钱也是可多可少， 要看每一个具体奖学金项目的规定。对本科生来说，不管fellowship 还是 scholarship， 很少有全奖， 大多是一年几百到几千美金而已。只有非常出色的学生才可能拿到全奖。 不想冒犯楼上几位， 不管对研究生还是本科生， fellowship会比scholarship多一点的说法是不确切的！！！ 2. 对于外国研究生来讲， 大概有4类资金可用： 2a.研究生奖学金(Fellowship) 有很多类， 政府的，私人机构的，或学校的。政府的Fellowship钱会多一些，但名额少。如Fulbright 和 Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowships。 系科和学校一般来说在学生入学或学习一年后根据学术表现颁发研究员奖学金。此奖学金也许只支付学费和杂费；也许只支付生活费；也许是全额资助(学费，杂费和生活费)。 通常如果没有生活费（Stipend)或学费（Tuition), 导师会帮你再找其他的机会。 2b.助教助学金 (TA) 助教助学金是研究生学习最常见的资助形式。助教助学金要求学生提供教学辅导工作，工作量通常为每星期20 个小时左右。有时助学金还附带减免学杂费。但TA并不自动包括减免学杂费。 2c.研究助学金 (RA) 研究助学金要求学生提供研究工作, 一般是从指导教授的研究项目中出（生活费）。 学费由学校免掉（美国大学的一贯做法）。 所以， RA才一定是全额资助(学费，杂费和生活费)。RA比某些Fellowships少，比另外一些Fellowships多。 2d. 行政助理助学金 (GA) 通常要求学生在学校的行政办公室如国际学生办公室或图书馆或机房等每星期工作10 到20 个小时。学校不一定免掉学费。 所有类型的助学金(有偿服务)或奖学金(奖励优秀)的竞争都十分激烈，国际申请人必须和美国学生一道竞争。总的来说，博士研究生比硕士研究生得到资助的可能性更大。RA最多。 注： 我现在在美国，带过博士和博士后，对美国大学事务略知一二。我以上的讲法也未必全面。 花了这么多时间，只是不希望给申请美国的中国学生有误导的资讯。想申请奖学金的同学一定要看清楚每一个具体奖学金的描述， 不是说申请到Fellowships就全免费了。 不同的Fellowships钱相差太多啦！！！研究生拿到了TA或GA， 也要看一下是否免学费。 同时附上美国官方介绍(英文的)以供参考：美国人比我们多了Grants 和 Loans 机会。 Types of Financial Aid for Graduates: Grants: Grants are gifts that you do not need to repay. There are several different types of grants available to students. Students may receive grants from the government or through private sources of funding. Usually government grants are given to students with need, such as having a low household income. However, government grants require students to maintain a specific GPA throughout their academic career in order to continue to receive aid. Private grants usually come in the form of scholarships and have their own guidelines. The amount being offered varies for each individual based on different criteria. In graduate school, grants can be used towards, travel, research, experiments, or projects. Scholarships: Scholarships are awards given to students based on academic excellence and/or talent. Additionally, students may receive scholarships based on other factors, such as ethnic background, field of study, or financial need. Scholarships vary in their amounts and the number of years given aid. For example, they can be awarded a one time payment or receive aid annually for a certain number of years (Ex/ $1000 scholarship vs. $5000 per year for four years). Like a grant, students do not need to payback the money awarded in a scholarship. Scholarships can be awarded through your school or through private sources. Institutions offer various scholarships based on merit, talent, and/or need. Contact your school for a list of scholarships being offered to students. Private scholarships are offered through organizations or companies. Some organizations make students compete for awards through performance or essay writing, whereas some look for students that fit specific requirements and standards. You can search for private scholarships on the internet, through online scholarship search engines (e.g. FastWeb), scholarship books, or by contacting your school. Fellowships: Fellowships are granted to graduate and post-grad students. They are like scholarships and, similarly, do not require repayment. Fellowships are awarded by private organizations, institutions, or through the government. Fellowships vary in the amount being awarded and can be used either towards research or education. Students can be given a 1- to 4-year stipend with or without a tuition waiver. The type of fellowship awarded is based on merit, need, and the institution's/faculty's grant. Some schools allow you to directly apply for fellowships offered through the schools. However, some schools only award fellowships to students who have been recommended by a faculty member. Assistantships: Assistantships are similar to internships or work-study programs awarded during your undergraduate years. However, assistantships require students to usually work as assistant teachers (TA), research assistants (RA), assistants to professors, or perform other duties on campus. The amount awarded through assistantships varies based on faculty/institution grants or state or federal aid. Research positions are paid through grants and teaching positions are paid through the institution. The research and teaching positions acquired are in your field of study or department. TA's usually teach introductory-level courses and RA's assist faculty in conducting laboratory work. Every school and department has their own regulations and requirements for TA's and RA's. Contact your department for more information. Loans: A loan is money that is awarded to a student based on need. Unlike a grant or scholarship, loans must be repaid to the institution that it is received from (government, school, bank, or private organization). There are several types of loans that are available. The different loans vary in the amount you can borrow, in their requirements, interest rates, and repayment plans. Individuals who are not eligible for government loans may receive loans through private organizations. Private companies have their own qualifications, interest rates, and repayment plans. Many banks offer private student loans specifically for college students. However, private companies are believed to have higher interest rates and stricter guidelines. http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/3916000.html 美国高校奖学金（校内奖学金）分为非服务性奖学金（Non-Service Scholarship）、 服务性奖学金（Service Assistantship）和学校贷款（loan）三种。其中以非服务性奖 学金申请比率最大，其金额也最多。它包括学院助学金（Fellowship）、奖学金（Scho larship）、全免学杂费（Tuition Fee Waiver）以及其他一些依学院本身而定的奖励 （awards）。这种awards不同学院在金额和数量上有很大差别 服务性奖学金是指助教金（Teaching Assistantship) 和助研金（Research Assistant ship）两种。这种奖学金一般颁发给研究生、博士生，本科学生在少数学院会获得助研 金，但比率相对很小。服务性奖学金供给学生一定数额的现金，并在大多数学院同时亦 免学杂费（Tuition and Fees）， 但要求获得此类资助者每周担任12－20小时的辅助教 学或研究工作。第三类是贷款（loan），这种贷款的金额一般相对较少，且多数美国高 校只把贷款颁发给本国学生，而不颁发给国际学生。所以，对于中国大陆申请全奖的留 学生而言，申请的主要针对目标是前面两种资助，即非服务性奖学金和服务性奖学金。 下面我们详细介绍一下这几种奖学金。 一、助学金（Fellowship） 助学金是一种金额最高、但竞争最激烈的非服务性奖学金，一般情况下如果获得一所学 院授予的助学金，便是获得了全奖，即除了免学费杂费、住宿费、保险费、书本费以外 ，还给获奖学生一定金额作为其个人消费费用（Personal Expenses）。助学金在申请过 程中竞争尤其激烈，一般除了要求较高的TOEFL、GRE或GMAT成绩外，还要有较好的国内 学校成绩单、GPA、推荐信和读书计划（Personal statement），这些材料的准备要十分 注意技巧，做到与众不同，才能顺利地拿到全额奖学金。 二、奖学金（Scholarship) 奖学金的形式可以是规定一定的金额数量，作为某种奖学金形式（如Economic Scholar ship , Graduate Scholarship, etc.) 颂发给成绩优异的学生，也可以是一种学费或杂 费的全免（Tuition Scholarship 或 Tuition Fees Scholarship),此种奖学金的具体 金额，随学院规定的学杂费金额高低而不同。奖学金不象助学金一样只有一种形式，它 在同一所大学可能设置几种甚至十几种不同形式的奖学金，一个学生可以有资格同时申 请两种以上的奖学金。通常来说，获得Scholarship的机率要比获得Fellowship的机率大 些，但Scholarship的金额比Fellowship要少一些。 三、全免学费（Tuition-Waiver) 在一些美国学院中，设有全免学费的奖学金，有的学院把它作为Scholarships的一种， 有的学院把它单独列出。全免学费是在非服务性奖学金中最易申请的一种，但由于学费 只是总花费的一部分，所以如果要获得足够的资金， 还需同时申请其他形式的奖学金。 四、助研金与助教金（Research Assistantship and Teaching Assistantship） 对于申请美国研究生以上级别的中国学生来说，获得奖学金的机率会比本科生或本科转 学生大得多，多数都是以拿到这两种服务性薪金的一种来获得全奖的。绝大多数的美国 高校研究生院，都设置这两种资助，然而并非所有学院的此类资助都能覆盖一年中的全 部费用，但多数都在全部金额的2/3以上。这种资助在每个学院的具体金额都在其专业系 别介绍中说明，一般通过给系主任直接发出第一封索取资料信函就可获得这个系的TA、 RA介绍。介绍会说明这种资助的具体金额为多少，获奖比率为多少，能否覆盖一年的全 部费用，有的还会说明在本系中一般获资助者的TOEFL和GRE（或GMAT）的平均与最低分 数，多数美国大学对GRE、GMAT的成绩不设置最低线，申请人只要TOEFL高于550， GRE高 于1700（前两项高于1000），GMAT高于550，若注意申请技巧与方法，是完全可以拿到全 奖的。
PUB. APP. NO. Title 1 20130004826 LITHIUM ION BATTERY 2 20130002023 HYBRID POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM 3 20120326673 COBALT OXIDE, COMPOSITE OF COBALT OXIDE, AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 4 20120219704 METHOD FOR MAKING MODIFIED CURRENT COLLECTOR OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY 5 20120196177 ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 6 20120196176 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 7 20120171570 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 8 20120168696 METHOD FOR MAKING ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL 9 20120164536 LITHIUM TITANATE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 10 20120164535 LITHIUM TITANATE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 11 20120149547 METHOD FOR MAKING CARBON NANOTUBE BASED COMPOSITE 12 20120148734 METHOD FOR MAKING SEPARATOR OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY 13 20120132107 MODIFIER OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY 14 20120097235 PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 15 20120080642 Process For Preparing Alloy Composite Negative Electrode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries 16 20120059129 METHOD FOR MAKING SULFURIZED POLYACRYLONITRILE 17 20120059128 SULFURIZED POLYACRYLONITRILE AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL USING THE SAME 18 20120059085 METHOD FOR MAKING CONJUGATED POLYMER 19 20120052390 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 20 20120052389 ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 21 20120052368 MODIFIED CURRENT COLLECTOR OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 22 20120052361 SEPARATOR OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 23 20120049108 MODIFIER OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 24 20120046482 METHOD FOR SYNTHESIZING GOLD NANOPARTICLES 25 20120028120 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 26 20120028119 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 27 20120028118 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 28 20120028115 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 29 20120028114 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 30 20120028113 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 31 20120027929 ELECTRODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 32 20120015241 LUG FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERY 33 20110300446 LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL 34 20110300443 ELECTRODE SLURRY OF LITHIUM BATTERY AND ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM BATTERY 35 20110300292 METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE COMPOSITE MATERIAL 36 20110297895 METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE MATERIAL 37 20110297875 METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM BATTERY CATHODE MATERIAL 38 20110291042 CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 39 20110281152 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK 40 20110281143 LITHIUM-ION STORAGE BATTERY 41 20110281142 LITHIUM-ION POWER BATTERY 42 20110244307 LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 43 20110236299 METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM-ION BATTERY ELECTRODE MATERIAL 44 20110195177 METHOD FOR MAKING LITHIUM-ION BATTERY ELECTRODE MATERIAL 45 20110121688 PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME 46 20100239905 PHOSPHORATED COMPOSITE, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY USING THE SAME 47 20100239904 PHOSPHORATED POLYMER, METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME, AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY USING THE SAME http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2Sect2=HITOFFu=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htmlr=0f=Sl=50d=PG01OS=IN%2F%22xiang+ming%22+AND+AN%2FtsinghuaRS=%28IN%2F%22xiang+ming%22+AND+AN%2Ftsinghua%29TD=43Srch1=%28%28%2522xiang+ming%2522.IN.%29+AND+tsinghua.AS.%29StartNum=Refine=Refine+SearchQuery=IN%2F%22xiang+ming%22+AND+AN%2Ftsinghua+or+TTL%2F%22Process+For+Preparing+Alloy+Composite+Negative+Electrode+Material+for+Lithium+Ion+Batteries%22
标签: 申请美国
