美研究发现：杏仁或可预防糖尿病和心脏病 http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/12/242250.shtm Eating almonds could help prevent diabetes and heart disease, say scientists http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1342476/Eating-almonds-help-prevent-diabetes-heart-disease-say-scientists.html http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: diabetes and heart disease C-query: almonds The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 4 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 14173 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 639 terms on the current B-list ( 170 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. 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Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. job id # 14173 started Thu Dec 30 23:55:04 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 14173 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: diabetes and heart diseaseThu Dec 30 23:55:25 2010 A query = diabetes and heart disease started Thu Dec 30 23:55:26 2010 A query resulted in 39927 titles 14173 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: almonds Thu Dec 30 23:55:44 2010 C: almonds 2253 A: pubmed_query_A 39927 AC: ( diabetes and heart disease ) AND ( almonds ) 4 C query = almonds started Thu Dec 30 23:55:46 2010 C query resulted in 2253 titles A AND C query resulted in 4 titles 4218 B-terms ready on Thu Dec 30 23:58:52 2010 Sem_filter: Chemicals Drugs 639 B-terms left after filter executed Fri Dec 31 00:17:17 2010 B-list on Fri Dec 31 00:25:16 2010 1 monounsaturated fat 2 statin 3 cholesterol lowering 4 monounsaturated 5 aquaporin 6 peroxisome proliferator activated 7 proliferator activated receptor 8 ldl particle 9 lipid risk 10 antioxidant status 11 ldl oxidation 12 hdl 13 antioxidant capacity 14 total antioxidant capacity 15 density lipoprotein cholesterol 16 plasma lipid 17 hypoglycemic 18 cox-2 19 effect aldose reductase 20 antioxidant vitamin 21 microsatellite dna 22 total antioxidant 23 lipoprotein cholesterol 24 ldl cholesterol 25 apolipoprotein e 26 apolipoprotein 27 ldl 28 glucosidase inhibitor 29 plant sterol 30 peroxisome proliferator 31 normal glucose 32 nitric oxide synthase 33 anthocyanin content 34 cyclooxygenase-2 35 lovastatin 36 inducible nitric oxide 37 glucosidase inhibitory 38 phytosterol 39 transfer protein 40 antioxidant activity 41 serum lipoprotein 42 proteasome 43 polyphenol 44 expression cyclooxygenase-2 45 streptozotocin 46 lipid transfer protein 47 blood lipid 48 oxidative damage mitochondrial 49 aldose reductase 50 hdl c 51 antioxidant defense 52 glycemic control lipid 53 lower ldl 54 angiotensin converting enzyme 55 basis function neural 56 glucosidase 57 proanthocyanidin 58 radical scavenging 59 flavonoid phenolic 60 oxidative damage 61 peroxynitrite 62 mapk 63 lipoprotein a 64 angiotensin 65 cyclooxygenase 66 urban rural 67 density lipoprotein 68 asparagine linked 69 igf i 70 lipoprotein 71 oxidative dna damage 72 anthocyanin 73 alpha glucosidase inhibitory 74 polyamine level 75 transfer protein gene 76 radical scavenging activity 77 free radical scavenging 78 antioxidant system 79 triacylglycerol 80 igf 81 mitochondrial dna 82 insulin secretion insulin 83 low density lipoprotein 84 hypoglycemic effect 85 antioxidant 86 abscisic acid 87 anti inflammatory effect 88 cdna 89 stem bark 90 oxygen radical 91 lipase 92 estrogen receptor beta 93 transcription factor 94 calmodulin 95 stress healthy 96 insulin action 97 antioxidant property 98 soy protein 99 linked n acetylglucosamine 100 c reactive protein 101 epic 102 bark 103 sulindac 104 cholesterol lipoprotein 105 homocysteine 106 converting enzyme 107 naproxen 108 induced oxidative 109 lipid insulin 110 linolenic acid 111 secretion insulin 112 diuretic 113 carotene 114 flavonoid 115 flavonol 116 enzyme linked 117 apolipoprotein b-100 118 lyase 119 phenolic 120 fat 121 alpha linolenic acid 122 triterpene 123 complementary alternative 124 insulin secretion 125 glycosidase 126 protein gene 127 epitope 128 lipase activity 129 tacrine 130 ubiquitin 131 glucose 132 hydroxyl radical 133 green tea 134 capsid protein 135 effect plasma lipid 136 rt 137 oxidative 138 urban 139 cholesterol 140 helicase 141 insulin 142 lipid peroxide 143 plasma cholesterol 144 phytochemical 145 lipid response 146 pth 147 beta lactamase 148 heavy metal 149 cholesterol low 150 antioxidant potential 151 soy 152 fatty acid 153 glucoside 154 carbohydrate 155 disease 21st century 156 atomic force 157 magnesium 158 reduce oxidative 159 erk 160 cell epitope 161 trace element 162 uk 163 antihyperlipidemic 164 creb 165 catechin 166 vitamin c e 167 pv 168 nitric oxide donor 169 plasma alpha tocopherol 170 san http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/show_sentences.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature diabetes and heart disease statin almonds 1: Standard-dose statin therapy provides incremental clinical benefits in normocholesterolemic diabetic patients.2010 Add to clipboard 2: Statin s and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials.2010 Add to clipboard 3: Clinical significance of mild lipid-lowering by statin s for prevention of cardiovascular disease in Japanese high-risk patients.2010 Add to clipboard 4: Modeling the 4D Study: statin s and cardiovascular outcomes in long-term hemodialysis patients with diabetes.2010 Add to clipboard 5: Efficacy and safety of statin s in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia.2010 Add to clipboard 6: Diabetes mellitus is a major negative determinant of coronary plaque regression during statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome--serial intravascular ultrasound observations from the Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Trial (the JAPAN-ACS Trial).2010 Add to clipboard 7: Prevalence and overlap of different lipid abnormalities in statin -treated patients at high cardiovascular risk in clinical practice in Germany.2010 Add to clipboard 8: Long-Term Statin Therapy is Associated with Better Episodic Memory in Aged Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients in Comparison with Population Controls.2010 Add to clipboard 9: HDL cholesterol and residual risk of first cardiovascular events after treatment with potent statin therapy: an analysis from the JUPITER trial.2010 Add to clipboard 10: The effect of early and intensive statin therapy on ventricular premature beat or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with acute coronary syndrome.2010 Add to clipboard 11: Statin Utilization in Nursing Home Patients after Cardiac Hospitalization.2010 Add to clipboard 12: Statin use and decreased risk of benign prostatic enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms.2010 Add to clipboard 13: 3ST-POL trial: standards of statin use in Poland in the context of the European Society of Cardiology guidelines.2010 Add to clipboard 14: Cost-Effectiveness of Using High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein to Identify Intermediate- and Low-Cardiovascular-Risk Individuals for Statin Therapy.2010 Add to clipboard 15: Efficacy and safety of statin treatment for cardiovascular disease: a network meta-analysis of 170 255 patients from 76 randomized trials.2010 Add to clipboard 16: Benefits of statin therapy and compliance in high risk cardiovascular patients.2010 Add to clipboard 17: Effect of high dose statin therapy on platelet function; statin s reduce aspirin-resistant platelet aggregation in patients with coronary heart disease.2009 Add to clipboard 18: Apolipoproteins, cardiovascular risk and statin response in type 2 diabetes: the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS).2009 Add to clipboard 19: Should we treat all patients with coronary heart disease or the equivalent with statin s?2009 Add to clipboard 20: Effect of previous treatment with statin s on outcome of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.2009 Add to clipboard 21: 2009 Add to clipboard 22: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and statin s in heart failure.2009 Add to clipboard 23: Effect of chronic statin pretreatment on hospital outcome in patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.2009 Add to clipboard 24: Managing diabetic dyslipidemia: beyond statin therapy.2009 Add to clipboard 25: Prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and utilization of evidence-based treatment strategies among statin users in a Medicare and commercial health plan.2009 Add to clipboard 26: Cardiovascular disease in patients with renal disease: the role of statin s.2009 Add to clipboard 27: Managing statin myopathy.2009 Add to clipboard 28: Preoperative statin use and infection after cardiac surgery: a cohort study.2009 Add to clipboard 29: Factors influencing clopidogrel efficacy in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: statin 's advantage and the smoking paradox.2009 Add to clipboard 30: The role of statin s in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome.2009 Add to clipboard 31: Prevalence of low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein in the U.S.: implications of the JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statin s in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) study.2009 Add to clipboard 32: The statin s in prevention of coronary heart diseases in type 2 diabetics.2009 Add to clipboard 33: Congestive heart failure is associated with lipoprotein components in statin -treated patients with coronary heart disease Insights from the Incremental Decrease in End points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering Trial (IDEAL).2009 Add to clipboard 34: Statin s do not decrease the risk for wet age-related macular degeneration.2009 Add to clipboard 35: Who does not need a statin : too late in end-stage renal disease or heart failure?2009 Add to clipboard 36: Optimizing the start time of statin therapy for patients with diabetes.2009 Add to clipboard 37: The Jupiter study, CRP screening, and aggressive statin therapy-implications for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.2009 Add to clipboard 38: The gravity of JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statin s in Primary Prevention: An Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin).2009 Add to clipboard 39: Statin s, ACE inhibitors and ARBs in cardiovascular disease.2009 Add to clipboard 40: Impact of better adherence to statin agents in the primary prevention of coronary artery disease.2009 Add to clipboard 41: Reducing morbidity and mortality in high risk patients with statin s.2009 Add to clipboard 42: Lipid lowering versus pleiotropic effects of statin s on skin microvascular function in patients with dysglycaemia and coronary artery disease.2009 Add to clipboard 43: The gender differences in baseline characteristics and statin intervention among outpatients with coronary heart disease in China: the China Cholesterol Education Program.2009 Add to clipboard 44: Should clinicians deliver decision aids? Further exploration of the statin choice randomized trial results.2009 Add to clipboard 45: Statin s reduce appropriate cardioverter-defibrillator shocks and mortality in patients with heart failure and combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy.2009 Add to clipboard 46: Statin s for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention for older primary care patients.2009 Add to clipboard 47: Plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular events in the Treating to New Targets and Incremental Decrease in End-Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering trials of statin s in patients with coronary artery disease.2009 Add to clipboard 48: Role of statin s in diabetes complications.2009 Add to clipboard 49: Factors predicting cardiovascular events in statin -treated diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary atherosclerosis.2009 Add to clipboard 50: 2009 Add to clipboard 51: Are High-Risk Hypertensive Patients being Prescribed Concomitant Statin Therapy?: A Retrospective Cohort Study.2009 Add to clipboard 52: Statin therapy and risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.2009 Add to clipboard 53: Long-term use of statin s and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based study.2009 Add to clipboard 54: Incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction and of 2-year mortality in 577 elderly patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery treated with and without statin s.2009 Add to clipboard 55: An urgent matter-identifying your patients' cardiovascular risk and improving their outcomes. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease: the importance of reaching target goals with statin therapy.2009 Add to clipboard 56: Statin initiation by GPs in WA--a structured vignette study.2009 Add to clipboard 57: The effect of statin therapy on the progression of carotid artery stenosis in relation to stenosis severity.2009 Add to clipboard 58: Time for new indications for statin s?2009 Add to clipboard 59: 2009 Add to clipboard 60: Impact of prior statin therapy on arrhythmic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events ).2009 Add to clipboard 61: Commentary to factors predicting cardiovascular events in statin -treated diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary atherosclerosis (1).2009 Add to clipboard 62: Statin Therapy Decreases Myocardial Function as Evaluated Via Strain Imaging.2009 Add to clipboard 63: 2009 Add to clipboard 64: Questioning thebeatificationof statin s.2008 Add to clipboard 65: Effects of ezetimibe, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and ezetimibe -statin therapies on non-cholesterol sterols in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.2008 Add to clipboard 66: High-dose statin therapy for secondary prevention of stroke: stroke prevention by aggressive reduction in cholesterol levels study review.2008 Add to clipboard 67: Effect of statin s, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and beta blockers on survival in patients or=65 years of age with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function.2008 Add to clipboard 68: Preinjury statin use is associated with improved in-hospital survival in elderly trauma patients.2008 Add to clipboard 69: The efficacy of statin monotherapy uptitration versus switching to ezetimibe/simvastatin: results of the EASEGO study.2008 Add to clipboard 70: Should we prescribe statin and aspirin for every diabetic patient? Is it time for a polypill?2008 Add to clipboard 71: Should we be more aggressive in the therapy against cardiovascular risk factors? Should we prescribe statin and aspirin for every diabetic patient, or is it time for a polypill?2008 Add to clipboard 72: Optimal management of combined dyslipidemia: what have we behind statin s monotherapy?2008 Add to clipboard 73: Statin therapy for stroke prevention.2008 Add to clipboard 74: 2008 Add to clipboard 75: Effectiveness of ezetimibe alone or in combination with twice a week Atorvastatin (10 mg) for statin intolerant high-risk patients.2008 Add to clipboard 76: Initiating statin s in the elderly: the evolving challenge.2008 Add to clipboard 77: Statin s in the spectrum of neurologic disease.2008 Add to clipboard 78: Clinical and public health assessment of benefits and risks of statin s in primary prevention of coronary events: resolved and unresolved issues.2008 Add to clipboard 79: Can cheap generic statin s achieve national cholesterol lowering targets?2008 Add to clipboard 80: Randomized clinical outcome trials of statin s in heart failure.2008 Add to clipboard 81: Cholesterol lowering is more important than pleiotropic effects of statin s for endothelial function in patients with dysglycaemia and coronary artery disease.2008 Add to clipboard 82: Statin therapy improves outcomes after valvular heart surgery.2008 Add to clipboard 83: Erectile dysfunction as a predictor of cardiovascular events and death in diabetic patients with angiographically proven asymptomatic coronary artery disease: a potential protective role for statin s and 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors.2008 Add to clipboard 84: Current status of cholesterol goal attainment after statin therapy among patients with hypercholesterolemia in Asian countries and region: the Return on Expenditure Achieved for Lipid Therapy in Asia (REALITY-Asia) study.2008 Add to clipboard 85: Benefit of adding pioglitazone to successful statin therapy in nondiabetic patients with coronary artery disease.2008 Add to clipboard 86: Equity in the use of antithrombotic drugs, beta-blockers and statin s among Finnish coronary patients.2008 Add to clipboard 87: Statin s improve human coronary atherosclerotic plaque morphology.2008 Add to clipboard 88: SLCO1B1 variants and statin -induced myopathy--a genomewide study.2008 Add to clipboard 89: Do people with diabetes need statin s?2008 Add to clipboard 90: Effect of an intervention to increase statin use in medicare members who qualified for a medication therapy management program.2008 Add to clipboard 91: Statin therapy alters the relationship between apolipoprotein B and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets in high-risk patients: the MERCURY II (Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin) trial.2008 Add to clipboard 92: Who does not need a statin : too late in end-stage renal disease or heart failure?2008 Add to clipboard 93: Ptosis, diplopia and statin s: an association?2008 Add to clipboard 94: Impact of adherence to statin s on chronic heart failure in primary prevention.2008 Add to clipboard 95: Statin therapy is associated with reduced total and cardiovascular mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.2008 Add to clipboard 96: Effect of statin s alone versus statin s plus ezetimibe on carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the SANDS (Stop Atherosclerosis in Native Diabetics Study) trial.2008 Add to clipboard 97: Statin therapy and mortality among patients hospitalized with heart failure and preserved left ventricular function--a preliminary report.2008 Add to clipboard 98: Haplotypes in the lipoprotein lipase gene influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to statin therapy and progression of atherosclerosis in coronary artery bypass grafts.2007 Add to clipboard 99: Degeneration of native and tissue prosthetic valve in aortic position: do statin s play an effective role in prevention?2007 Add to clipboard 100: Statin use before by-pass surgery decreases the incidence and shortens the duration of postoperative atrial fibrillation.2007 Add to clipboard 101: Social deprivation and statin prescribing: a cross-sectional analysis using data from the new UK general practitioner 'Quality and Outcomes Framework'.2007 Add to clipboard 102: Case selection for statin s was similar in two Canadian provinces: BC and Ontario.2007 Add to clipboard 103: Ezetimibe added to statin therapy (EASY study) - an evaluation by Australian general practitioners.2007 Add to clipboard 104: Statin s prescribing for the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in Torino, Italy. A case of ageism and social inequalities.2007 Add to clipboard 105: Effect of statin therapy on survival in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (from the Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial ).2007 Add to clipboard 106: Relationship between glycemic status and progression of carotid intima-media thickness during treatment with combined statin and extended-release niacin in ARBITER 2.2007 Add to clipboard 107: Role of statin s for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.2007 Add to clipboard 108: Comparison of frequency of new-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients on statin s versus not on statin s presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome.2007 Add to clipboard 109: Statin use in patients with extremely low low-density lipoprotein levels is associated with improved survival.2007 Add to clipboard 110: Reduction in estimated risk for coronary artery disease after use of ezetimibe with a statin .2007 Add to clipboard 111: Statin therapy for vascular failure.2007 Add to clipboard 112: Lipoprotein lipase HindIII polymorphism influences HDL-cholesterol levels in statin -treated patients with coronary artery disease.2007 Add to clipboard 113: Effect of pioglitazone and its combination with statin s in coronary artery disease patients with hyperinsulinemia.2007 Add to clipboard 114: Cost-effectiveness of raising HDL cholesterol by adding prolonged-release nicotinic acid to statin therapy in the secondary prevention setting: a French perspective.2007 Add to clipboard 115: Patterns and predictors of statin use after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.2007 Add to clipboard 116: Does statin therapy initiation increase the risk for myopathy? An observational study of 32,225 diabetic and nondiabetic patients.2007 Add to clipboard 117: Statin use in Canadians: trends, determinants and persistence.2007 Add to clipboard 118: Residual risk in statin -treated patients: future therapeutic options.2007 Add to clipboard 119: A population-based analysis of statin utilization in British Columbia.2007 Add to clipboard 120: Statin s in hepatobiliary diseases: effects, indications and risks.2007 Add to clipboard 121: Effects of statin s beyond lipid lowering: potential for clinical benefits.2006 Add to clipboard 122: Effect of statin s on the mortality of patients with ischaemic heart disease: population based cohort study with nested case-control analysis.2006 Add to clipboard 123: Statin /fibrate combination in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes: evaluating the risks of pharmacokinetic drug interactions.2006 Add to clipboard 124: Statin s for high-risk patients without heart disease or high cholesterol.2006 Add to clipboard 125: Effect of statin treatment on coronary collateral development in patients with diabetes mellitus.2006 Add to clipboard 126: Statin s associated with reduced mortality in patients admitted for congestive heart failure.2006 Add to clipboard 127: The broad-reaching power of statin s. Thesewonderdrugs offer an astounding range of benefits to treat--and prevent--heart disease.2006 Add to clipboard 128: Statin safety: an assessment using an administrative claims database.2006 Add to clipboard 129: Overcoming 'ageism' bias in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia : a review of safety issues with statin s in the elderly.2006 Add to clipboard 130: Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and cerebrovascular events following intensive and moderate statin therapy.2006 Add to clipboard 131: Statin -associated pleiotropy: possible beneficial effects beyond cholesterol reduction.2006 Add to clipboard 132: Are statin s analogues of vitamin D?2006 Add to clipboard 133: Statin s: are any questions unanswered?2006 Add to clipboard 134: Statin s for diabetic cardiovascular complications.2006 Add to clipboard 135: The reduction of inflammatory biomarkers by statin , fibrate, and combination therapy among diabetic patients with mixed dyslipidemia: the DIACOR (Diabetes and Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen) study.2006 Add to clipboard 136: Niacin-ER /statin combination for the treatment of dyslipidemia: focus on low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.2006 Add to clipboard 137: Statin s and the primary prevention of cardiovascular events.2006 Add to clipboard 138: Association between the dosage and duration of statin treatment with coronary collateral development.2006 Add to clipboard 139: High-dose statin s for diabetes.2006 Add to clipboard 140: 2006 Add to clipboard 141: Who should receive a statin these days? Lessons from recent clinical trials.2006 Add to clipboard 142: Does the metabolic syndrome help to select patients requiring high statin dose?2006 Add to clipboard 143: Relation between soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, statin therapy, and long-term risk of clinical cardiovascular events in patients with previous acute coronary syndrome (from PROVE IT-TIMI 22).2006 Add to clipboard 144: Atherogenic dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: therapeutic options beyond statin s.2006 Add to clipboard 145: Incidence of new stroke or new myocardial infarction or death in patients with severe carotid arterial disease treated with and without statin s.2006 Add to clipboard 146: Factors associated with healthcare utilization costs for statin therapy--a pilot study in Hong Kong.2006 Add to clipboard 147: Statin therapy and risks for death and hospitalization in chronic heart failure.2006 Add to clipboard 148: 2006 Add to clipboard 149: Primary and secondary prevention of heart failure with statin s.2006 Add to clipboard 150: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin 10 mg and atorvastatin 20 mg in high-risk patients with hypercholesterolemia--Prospective study to evaluate the Use of Low doses of the Statin s Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin (PULSAR).2006 Add to clipboard 151: Management of dyslipidemia with statin s in the patient with peripheral arterial disease.2006 Add to clipboard 152: High cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes and the cardiometabolic syndrome: mandate for statin therapy.2006 Add to clipboard 153: Is atorvastatin superior to other statin s? Analysis of the clinical trials with atorvastatin having cardiovascular endpoints.2006 Add to clipboard 154: Statin use and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: the MIRAGE study.2006 Add to clipboard 155: The influence of guidelines on the use of statin s: analysis of prescribing trends 1998-2002.2005 Add to clipboard 156: Statin s decrease perioperative cardiac complications in patients undergoing noncardiac vascular surgery: the Statin s for Risk Reduction in Surgery (StaRRS) study.2005 Add to clipboard 157: Peripheral arterial disease: a missed opportunity to administer statin s so as to reduce cardiac morbidity and mortality.2005 Add to clipboard 158: Endothelium-ameliorating effects of statin therapy and coenzyme Q10 reductions in chronic heart failure.2005 Add to clipboard 159: Do statin s influence the prognostic impact of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia after ST-elevation myocardial infarction?2005 Add to clipboard 160: Progression of aortic valve sclerosis and aortic valve stenosis: what is the role of statin treatment?2005 Add to clipboard 161: Effects of switching statin s on lipid and apolipoprotein ratios in the MERCURY I study.2005 Add to clipboard 162: I've read that, because I have type 2 diabetes, I should take a statin even though my cholesterol levels are normal. Is this true?2005 Add to clipboard 163: Persistence and determinants of statin therapy among middle-aged patients for primary and secondary prevention.2005 Add to clipboard 164: Statin s and CVD prevention in the diabetic population: implications of the CARDS trial.2005 Add to clipboard 165: No effect of statin therapy on silent myocardial ischemia in patients with type 2 diabetes without manifest cardiovascular disease.2005 Add to clipboard 166: Diabetes and progression of coronary calcium under the influence of statin therapy.2005 Add to clipboard 167: The statin studies: from targeting hypercholesterolaemia to targeting the high-risk patient.2005 Add to clipboard 168: Statin therapy may be associated with lower mortality in patients with diastolic heart failure: a preliminary report.2005 Add to clipboard 169: Statin use after acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide study in Denmark.2005 Add to clipboard 170: Does statin monotherapy address the multiple lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetes?2005 Add to clipboard 171: A case control study of age related macular degeneration and use of statin s.2005 Add to clipboard 172: Lipid management with statin s in type 2 diabetes mellitus.2005 Add to clipboard 173: Statin s and LDL-cholesterol lowering: an overview.2005 Add to clipboard 174: Relation of characteristics of metabolic syndrome to short-term prognosis and effects of intensive statin therapy after acute coronary syndrome: an analysis of the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) trial.2005 Add to clipboard 175: The past, present, and future of statin therapy.2005 Add to clipboard 176: A statin in the treatment of heart failure? Controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure (CORONA): study design and baseline characteristics.2005 Add to clipboard 177: Stroke prevention, blood cholesterol and statin s.2005 Add to clipboard 178: Drug Insight: statin s and stroke.2005 Add to clipboard 179: Nonlipid-lowering effects of statin s.2005 Add to clipboard 180: Reducing residual risk for patients on statin therapy: the potential role of combination therapy.2005 Add to clipboard 181: Statin therapy in Canadian patients with hypercholesterolemia: the Canadian Lipid Study -- Observational (CALIPSO).2005 Add to clipboard 182: 2005 Add to clipboard 183: The benefits of statin therapy--what questions remain?2005 Add to clipboard 184: New and emerging data from clinical trials of statin s.2004 Add to clipboard 185: Association between long-term statin use and mortality after successful abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.2004 Add to clipboard 186: Statin treatment and the natural history of atherosclerotic-related diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and the risk-benefit profile.2004 Add to clipboard 187: Statin therapy is associated with improved survival in ischemic and non-ischemic heart failure.2004 Add to clipboard 188: Undertreatment and overtreatment with statin s: the Oslo Health Study 2000-2001.2004 Add to clipboard 189: Effects of switching statin s on achievement of lipid goals: Measuring Effective Reductions in Cholesterol Using Rosuvastatin Therapy (MERCURY I) study.2004 Add to clipboard 190: Meta-analysis of large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of statin s on cardiovascular outcomes.2004 Add to clipboard 191: Lipid-lowering therapy with statin s in high-risk elderly patients: the treatment-risk paradox.2004 Add to clipboard 192: Association of dyslipidemia and effects of statin s on nonmacrovascular diseases.2004 Add to clipboard 193: Statin therapy is associated with lower mortality among patients with severe heart failure.2004 Add to clipboard 194: Statin s in atherosclerosis: lipid-lowering agents with antioxidant capabilities.2004 Add to clipboard 195: Quantifying the effect of applying the NCEP ATP III criteria in a managed care population treated with statin therapy.2004 Add to clipboard 196: The cardioprotective effects of statin s.2004 Add to clipboard 197: Cardiovascular outcomes among participants with diabetes in the recent large statin trials.2004 Add to clipboard 198: Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statin s on survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.2004 Add to clipboard 199: Statin s for all patients with type 2 diabetes: not so soon.2004 Add to clipboard 200: Should angiotensin II receptor blockers and statin s be combined?2004 Add to clipboard 201: A combination of statin s and beta-blockers is independently associated with a reduction in the incidence of perioperative mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.2004 Add to clipboard 202: Statin -induced cholesterol lowering and plaque regression after 6 months of magnetic resonance imaging-monitored therapy.2004 Add to clipboard 203: 2004 Add to clipboard 204: The potential role of statin s in contrast nephropathy.2004 Add to clipboard 205: Statin s: can the new generation make an impression?2004 Add to clipboard 206: Statin therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. A scientific review.2004 Add to clipboard 207: Level of awareness of on-treatment patients about prescribed statin s.2004 Add to clipboard 208: Frequency of statin use in type 2 diabetics having macrovascular disease- at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi.2004 Add to clipboard 209: Statin s and diabetes.2004 Add to clipboard 210: Expanding indications of statin s; implications of the Heart Protection Study.2003 Add to clipboard 211: Efficacy of rosuvastatin compared with other statin s at selected starting doses in hypercholesterolemic patients and in special population groups.2003 Add to clipboard 212: 2003 Add to clipboard 213: Effect of statin s on mortality and cardiovascular events in elderly high-risk persons.2003 Add to clipboard 214: Statin s. Evidence of effectiveness in older patients.2003 Add to clipboard 215: Cost effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of major coronary events in individuals with type 2 diabetes.2003 Add to clipboard 216: Statin s, super -statin s and cholesterol absorption inhibitors.2003 Add to clipboard 217: Elderly diabetics with peripheral arterial disease and no coronary artery disease have a higher incidence of new coronary events than elderly nondiabetics with peripheral arterial disease and prior myocardial infarction treated with statin s and with no lipid-lowering drug.2003 Add to clipboard 218: The impact of statin treatment on diabetic patients.2003 Add to clipboard 219: Potential nontraditional applications of statin s.2003 Add to clipboard 220: Lipid and nonlipid benefits of statin s.2003 Add to clipboard 221: Effects of statin s on C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 (the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health study).2003 Add to clipboard 222: Statin s: new data in secondary prevention and diabetes. Pravastatin and simvastatin are the best-assessed statin s.2003 Add to clipboard 223: Hypercholesterolemia. The evidence supports use of statin s.2003 Add to clipboard 224: Statin s indispensable for people with diabetes.2003 Add to clipboard 225: Anti-inflammatory effects of statin s in patients with aortic stenosis.2003 Add to clipboard 226: Statin s and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus.2003 Add to clipboard 227: Benefits of statin treatment in cardiac syndrome-X1.2003 Add to clipboard 228: Cardiovascular disease with diabetes or the metabolic syndrome: should statin s or fibrates be first line lipid therapy?2003 Add to clipboard 229: Statin s for everybody? New evidence on the efficacy and safety of the inhibitors of HMG Co-A reductase.2003 Add to clipboard 230: The impact of reimbursement criteria on the appropriateness of 'statin ' prescribing.2003 Add to clipboard 231: Do Singapore patients require lower doses of statin s? The SGH Lipid Clinic experience.2003 Add to clipboard 232: 2003 Add to clipboard 233: Long-term statin safety and efficacy in secondary prevention: can combination therapy improve outcomes?2003 Add to clipboard 234: Management of dyslipidemias in the age of statin s.2003 Add to clipboard 235: Patients with acute coronary syndromes should received statin s.2002 Add to clipboard 236: Effect of very-low-dose niacin on high-density lipoprotein in patients undergoing long-term statin therapy.2002 Add to clipboard 237: Statin -induced fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.2002 Add to clipboard 238: High persistence of statin use in a Danish population: compliance study 1993-1998.2002 Add to clipboard 239: Incidence of new atherothrombotic brain infarction in older persons with prior myocardial infarction and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or=125 mg/dl treated with statin s versus no lipid-lowering drug.2002 Add to clipboard 240: 2002 Add to clipboard 241: Reduction of coronary events with aspirin in older patients with prior myocardial infarction treated with and without statin s.2002 Add to clipboard 242: The choice of hormone replacement therapy or statin therapy in the treatment of hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women.2002 Add to clipboard 243: Adherence to statin treatment and readmission of patients after myocardial infarction: a six year follow up study.2002 Add to clipboard 244: Comparing the effects of five different statin s on the HDL subpopulation profiles of coronary heart disease patients.2002 Add to clipboard 245: Answering the unanswered questions: ongoing trials of statin s and antihypertensives in type 2 diabetes.2002 Add to clipboard 246: Getting more people on statin s.2002 Add to clipboard 247: Clinical significance of pleiotropic effects of statin s: lipid reduction and beyond.2002 Add to clipboard 248: Reduction of new coronary events and new atherothrombotic brain infarction in older persons with diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol /=125 mg/dl treated with statin s.2002 Add to clipboard 249: 2002 Add to clipboard 250: 2002 Add to clipboard 251: Wider role seen forremarkable ;statin s. Study suggests that benefits extend even to those withnormalcholesterol levels.2002 Add to clipboard 252: Does pretreatment with statin s improve clinical outcome after stroke? A pilot case-referent study.2001 Add to clipboard 253: 2001 Add to clipboard 254: What do the statin trials tell us?2001 Add to clipboard 255: Treating dyslipidaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus -- a special reference to statin s.2001 Add to clipboard 256: What do the statin trials tell us?2001 Add to clipboard 257: Ongoing clinical trials of statin s.2001 Add to clipboard 258: Association of coronary risk factors and use of statin s with progression of mild valvular aortic stenosis in older persons.2001 Add to clipboard 259: Cost-effectiveness of prescribing statin s according to pharmaceutical benefits scheme criteria.2001 Add to clipboard 260: 2001 Add to clipboard 261: Cost-effectiveness of statin s.2000 Add to clipboard 262: 2000 Add to clipboard 263: Statin therapy, lipid levels, C-reactive protein and the survival of patients with angiographically severe coronary artery disease.2000 Add to clipboard 264: Statin s: where are we now?2000 Add to clipboard 265: 2000 Add to clipboard 266: 1999 Add to clipboard 267: 1999 Add to clipboard 268: 1999 Add to clipboard 1: Comparison of a dietary portfolio diet of cholesterol-lowering foods and a statin on LDL particle size phenotype in hypercholesterolaemic participants.2007 Add to clipboard 2: Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants.2005 Add to clipboard 3: Direct comparison of dietary portfolio vs statin on C-reactive protein.2005 Add to clipboard
科学网的很多网友要注意了，上网写博客看博客不一定比上班轻松，把时间都加上去，看看一天工作几个小时？ 最新统计数据表明【1-2】，和正常8小时上班的人相比，每天加班3到4个小时，得心脏病的几率要多60%以上。 最好是有一种好的心态，把工作当成生活的一部分，享受其中的乐趣。否则，工作会很辛苦，不仅效率不高，对不起老板，还对不起自己的心脏。 参考 【1】新闻报道： http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8674372.stm 【2】原始文献： http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/05/04/eurheartj.ehq124.abstract Overtime work and incident coronary heart disease: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study Abstract Aims To examine the association between overtime work and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) among middle-aged employees. Methods and results Six thousand and fourteen British civil servants (4262 men and 1752 women), aged 3961 years who were free from CHD and worked full time at baseline (19911994), were followed until 20022004, an average of 11 years. The outcome measure was incident fatal CHD, clinically verified incident non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), or definite angina (a total of 369 events). Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics showed that 34 h overtime work per day was associated with 1.60-fold (95% CI 1.152.23) increased risk of incident CHD compared with employees with no overtime work. Adjustment for all 21 cardiovascular risk factors measured made little difference to these estimates (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.112.19). This association was replicated in multivariate analysis with only fatal cardiovascular disease and incident non-fatal MI as the outcome (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.022.76). Conclusion Overtime work is related to increased risk of incident CHD independently of conventional risk factors. These findings suggest that overtime work adversely affects coronary health.
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01cjew1o6ka1hmIpI1I00f01000j10040001rl 14 documents semantically analyzed Sibutramine and ( Heart attack or stroke) Top Years Publications 2009 3 2007 3 2005 2 2000 2 2008 1 2002 1 2006 1 2004 1 Top Countries Publications Australia 2 USA 2 Germany 1 Taiwan 1 Austria 1 Spain 1 Italy 1 Canada 1 Top Cities Publications Dresden 1 Baden bei Wien 1 Barcelona 1 Chicago 1 Melbourne 1 Naples 1 London, Canada 1 Worcester 1 Top Journals Publications Int J Cardiol 2 Expert Opin Investig Drugs 1 Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 1 Clin Toxicol (phila) 1 Mmw Fortschr Med 1 Public Health Nutr 1 N Engl J Med 1 Curr Opin Gastroen 1 Drug Safety 1 Nutr Metab Cardiovas 1 Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 1 Pol Merkur Lekarski 1 Am Fam Physician 1 1 2 3 Top Authors Publications Doggrell S 1 Schindler C 1 Idelevich E 1 Kirch W 1 Lau F 1 Yim K 1 Ng H 1 Chan C 1 Yip G 1 Degertekin M 1 Eroglu E 1 Gemici G 1 Bayrak F 1 Kalkan A 1 Bnner G 1 De Pablos Velasco P 1 Perez-Perez A 1 Ybarra Muoz J 1 Blay Corts V 1 Oteh M 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 ... 12 Top Terms Publications Humans 11 Weight Loss 9 Obesity 9 Pharmaceutical Preparations 9 Appetite Depressants 9 Cyclobutanes 8 Patients 7 Hypertension 7 Adult 7 Anti-Obesity Agents 6 Cardiovascular Diseases 5 Blood Pressure 5 Pressure 5 Drug Therapy 5 Prevalence 5 Myocardial Infarction 5 Life Style 4 Infarction 4 Body Mass Index 4 Heart Rate 3 1 2 3 ... 12 相关研究文献： http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/1/226839.shtm 减肥药诺美亭或增心脏病突发与中风几率 英国《每日邮报》1月3日报道，不少英国肥胖者正在服用的减肥药诺美亭眼下正在接受欧洲药品管理局调查，原因是这种药物被怀疑会增大服用者心脏病突发与中风的几率。 诺美亭是西布曲明（Sibutramine）的商品名，类似成份药物在大多数国家都有销售。这种药物可以借助刺激大脑神经产生抑制食欲功效。 欧洲药品管理局先前批准了这种药物，但一份名为《西布曲明心血管反应实验》的临床检测报告引起了这家药品管理机构重视。这份报告说，诺美亭的核心物质西布曲明可能使服药者增加心脏病突发或中风的几率。 诺美亭制药商美国雅培制药有限公司一名发言人说，他们正在研究《西布曲明心血管反应实验》报告中的相关数据，但公司眼下并不会改变先前有关西布曲明针对适用人群疗效与危险关系的评估。 《每日邮报》报道，处方药诺美亭不适合有心血管疾病史的肥胖者，原因是服用这种药物可能诱发血压略升。 英国药品与保健品管理局提供数据显示，自诺美亭2001年上市以来，一共有2094例疑似与此药相关的不良反应报告，另有17起证实与此药有关的死亡病例，其中6例在死亡前出现心脏病或中风症状。 诺美亭是全球最常用减肥药之一。报道说，仅2008年，英国医生共开出33万份诺美亭处方。 更多阅读 英国《每日邮报》相关报道（英文） http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1240147/Heart-attack-stroke-fears-fat-busting-wonder-pill.html Heart attack and stroke fears over fat-busting wonder pill By Jo Macfarlane Last updated at 8:02 AM on 03rd January 2010 Comments ( 30 ) Add to My Stories Overweight people who have been using Reductil could be more at risk of heart attacks and strokes A fat-busting pill used by thousands in the UK is being investigated by medicines watchdogs over fears it could cause heart attacks and strokes. The European Medicines Agency (EMA), which licenses the use of the drug Reductil, is looking at the results of a clinical trial which suggests that its active ingredient, sibutramine, could lead to an increased risk of developing heart problems. Nearly 330,000 prescriptions for the drug, which tricks the brain into believing the stomach is full, were written out in 2008. The safety data has come from an international trial of 10,000 patients carried out during the past six years. Most of those recruited for the Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (SCOUT) were overweight or obese and already had cardiovascular problems. A heart condition would normally exclude them from taking the drug because it can slightly raise blood pressure. However, the EMA has said that, as a result of the seriousness of the studys concerns, it is looking at the implications for all patients offered the prescription-only drug and will release its findings later this month. Until then, it has advised doctors to use Reductil with caution and to monitor patients blood pressure and heart rate. The UKs medicines watchdog, The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, also confirmed it was reviewing the data. More... The 'spaghetti' artery that could transform heart bypass surgery Off the shelf, a taste of Atkins: The high protein MS meals that allow you those forbidden carbohydrates The agency has recorded 2,094 suspected adverse reactions to Reductil since it was introduced in 2001, and 17 deaths have been linked to the drug. Six of the deaths were caused by heart problems and strokes. Reductil works by blocking the nerve cells that release and reabsorb the hormone serotonin, a chemical neurotransmitter in the brain that affects moods and appetite. As the level of serotonin in the body rises, people feel fuller, eat less and, as a result, lose weight. The drug is recommended for patients who are clinically obese those with a Body Mass Index over 30 or for anyone with a BMI higher than 27 who has another weight-related health problem. A spokesman for Abbott Laboratories, which manufacturers Reductil, said: Our ongoing evaluation of the SCOUT study data does not change our medical assessment of sibutramines risk/benefit profile when used appropriately in the approved patient population. 'Sibutramine is an important treatment for patients who are obese. Print this article Read later Email to a friend Share this article: Digg it Del.icio.us Reddit Newsvine Nowpublic StumbleUpon Facebook MySpace Fark ', 'value2': 1000 }, 'then': 'error("You have exceeded the 1000 character limit for this field.")' }, 'mandatoryHR': { 'if': { 'value1': 'value', 'method': 'empty', 'value2': '' }, 'then': 'error("You must agree to our House Rules to post a comment.")' }, 'noEmail': { 'if': { 'value1': 'value', 'method': 'matches', 'value2': /@/ }, 'then': 'error("This field should not contain the following character: \'@\'.")' } } }); Add your comments Comments ( 30 ) Here's what readers have had to say so far. Why not add your thoughts below, or debate this issue live on our message boards. The comments below have not been moderated. Newest Oldest Best rated Worst rated View all Most drugs do cause side affects in some people whilst others seem to have none. Whilst helping with one ailment drugs , unknowingly may well be causing other problems that have not yet materialised. More research is definately needed on all new drugs and vaccines before dishing them out to patients. - Sylvia Aziz, Colchester, England, 04/1/2010 08:58 Click to rate Rating 1 Report abuse I have taken this drug for nearly 5 years. I lost 7 stone in the first year, although now need it to maintain my weight. I was on medication for high BP when I started the drug although am now off the BP medication with no concerns at all, other than the cost of the drug! - Kay, York, 03/1/2010 19:48 Click to rate Rating 3 Report abuse Hypnotherapy is a cheap and safe method help them do that. - Lexie, UK, 3/1/2010 15:51 Your suggestion could cost the NHS 6 billion pounds. Hardly cheap! Hypnotherapy is very expensive. Costs vary from 130- 200 for a session for weight loss. If the NHS were to provide it for all obese people in britain then why not also for smokers, alcoholics and drug addicts? Far cheapest of all options is to try and get people to take more exercise and eat more healthily. Whenever the DOH try to do that however we get people whinging on about the 'Nanny state'. There are many though who could benefit from education regarding diet. - P, Southampton, 03/1/2010 19:33 Click to rate Rating 8 Report abuse The exact same problem arose with the fat-busting and slimming Fenfluramine that was popular back in the eighties. - Vierotchka, Geneva, Switzerland, 03/1/2010 17:30 Click to rate Rating 6 Report abuse When will they ever learn.....Big Pharma drugs are garuanteed 100% to give you side effects, some may not seem serious but can do untold damage to the human body over a period of time...in this case why not simply eat less and excercise----- - Donovan, Spain, 03/1/2010 13:35 'Big Pharma' - what a childish phrase that is. As someone whose life was saved by mainstream medicine on 2 occassions, I find your posts crass and juvenile. They miss the point. I don't take the drugs I take for pleasure. I take them because they help me to stay alive. The side-effects, such as they are, are infinitely preferable to dying, and overall the drugs gretaly enhance my quality of life by kepeing pain in check and allowing me to be well enough to exercise. I am extremely grateful to the drug companies who developed the medicine that has done so much for me. If you don't want it don't take it. But I can assure you if you becaome really ill you will change your mind. - Bob, Derby, UK, 03/1/2010 17:21 Click to rate Rating 6 Report abuse The NHS is already under enough stress without that. At some point people must start take responsibility for their own actions without blaming everybody else. - Rosa, Commone Sense, 3/1/2010 11:56 It would save the NHS a fortune and stop people risking their lives by taking drugs and having gastric band ops, let alone lower the rates of cancer, heart disease, etc. In many people eating IS an addiction. Unless they only ever have protein shakes for the rest of their lives after losing the weight, they are going to put it back on again unless they can get their addiction sorted out. Hypnotherapy is a cheap and safe method help them do that. - Lexie, UK, 03/1/2010 15:51 Click to rate Rating 5 Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1240147/Heart-attack-stroke-fears-fat-busting-wonder-pill.html#ixzz0bhm77PJp PMID- 19548858 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Process DA - 20090624 IS - 1744-7658 (Electronic) IS - 1744-7658 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 7 DP - 2009 Jul TI - Tesofensine--a novel potent weight loss medicine. Evaluation of: Astrup A, Breum L, Jensen TJ, Kroustrup JP, Larsen TM. Effect of tesofensine on bodyweight loss, body composition, and quality of life in obese patients: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:1906-13. PG - 1043-6 AB - BACKGROUND: The incidence of obesity is increasing; this is of major concern, as obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, respiratory tract disease, and cancer. OBJECTIVES/METHODS: This evaluation is of a Phase II clinical trial with tesofensine in obese subjects. RESULTS: After 26 weeks, tesofensine caused a significant weight loss, and may have a higher maximal ability to reduce weight than the presently available anti-obesity agents. However, tesofensine also increased blood pressure and heart rate, and may increase psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: It is encouraging that tesofensine 0.5 mg may cause almost double the weight loss observed with sibutramine or rimonabant. As tesofensine and sibutramine have similar pharmacological profiles, it would be of interest to compare the weight loss with tesofensine in a head-to-head clinical trial with sibutramine, to properly assess their comparative potency. Also, as teso fensine 0.5 mg increases heart rate, as well as increasing the incidence of adverse effects such as nausea, drug mouth, flatulence, insomnia, and depressed mode, its tolerability needs to be further evaluated in large Phase III clinical trials. AD - Queensland University of Technology, School of Life Sciences, GPO Box 2334, QLD 4001, Australia. sheila.doggrell@qut.edu.au FAU - Doggrell, Sheila A AU - Doggrell SA LA - eng PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PL - England TA - Expert Opin Investig Drugs JT - Expert opinion on investigational drugs JID - 9434197 SB - IM EDAT- 2009/06/25 MHDA- 2009/06/25 CRDT- 2009/06/25 AID - 10.1517/13543780902967632 PST - ppublish SO - Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Jul;18(7):1043-6. PMID- 19144669 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20090115 DCOM- 20090305 IS - 1753-9447 (Print) VI - 3 IP - 1 DP - 2009 Feb TI - Current pharmacotherapeutic concepts for the treatment of obesity in adults. PG - 75-90 AB - Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the twenty-first century. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in 2005 approximately 1.6 billion adults were overweight and at least 400 million adults were obese. The prevalence of obesity is still continuing to increase dramatically. Overweight and obese people carry a higher risk for a variety of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral occlusive artery disease. Weight loss is considered to be the initial step which helps to prevent or to control the clinical consequences of obesity. In a great number of patients who are not able to reduce weight by means of non-pharmacological measures, drug therapy can assist in reaching the weight management targets. Drug treatment should only be considered as part of a systematic weight management program including dietary and lifestyle changes. This review summarizes current pharmacotherapeutic concepts for the treatment of obesity in adults focusing on efficacy and safety of anti-obesity drugs. AD - Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. evgeny.idelevich@tu-dresden.de FAU - Idelevich, Evgeny AU - Idelevich E FAU - Kirch, Wilhelm AU - Kirch W FAU - Schindler, Christoph AU - Schindler C LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20081128 PL - England TA - Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis JT - Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease JID - 101316343 RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Lactones) RN - 0 (Piperidines) RN - 0 (Pyrazoles) RN - 0 (Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) RN - 158681-13-1 (rimonabant) RN - 96829-58-2 (orlistat) RN - EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use MH - Appetite Depressants/therapeutic use MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Cyclobutanes/therapeutic use MH - Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Lactones/therapeutic use MH - Lipase/antagonists inhibitors MH - Obesity/diet therapy/*drug therapy/epidemiology MH - Piperidines/therapeutic use MH - Prevalence MH - Pyrazoles/therapeutic use MH - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists inhibitors MH - Risk Reduction Behavior MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Weight Loss/*drug effects RF - 115 EDAT- 2009/01/16 MHDA- 2009/03/06 CRDT- 2009/01/16 PHST- 2008/11/28 AID - 1753944708098226 AID - 10.1177/1753944708098226 PST - ppublish SO - Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Feb;3(1):75-90. Epub 2008 Nov 28. PMID- 18788006 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20081112 DCOM- 20081201 LR - 20091117 IS - 1556-9519 (Electronic) IS - 1556-9519 (Linking) VI - 46 IP - 9 DP - 2008 Nov TI - Sibutramine-induced acute myocardial infarction in a young lady. PG - 877-9 AB - INTRODUCTION: Sibutramine is an amphetamine-like drug used for its weight reducing effect. Sibutramine-induced acute coronary syndrome has rarely been reported. We report a case of myocardial infarction associated with the use of sibutramine. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old woman presented to an Emergency Department (ED) with intermittent retrosternal chest pain, nausea, and sweating for 3 days. She reported taking one sibutramine tablet each day for 3 days. Blood pressure was 128/89 mm Hg and pulse 66 beats/min. An electrocardiogram revealed ST elevation over the inferior leads and ST depression over leads AVR and V1, the other leads were normal. Serum troponin T was 0.65 microg/L, and sibutramine was identified in her urine. Echocardiography revealed mild hypokinesia over the inferior wall without evidence of acute aortic dissection. The ST segment changes resolved spontaneously within 24 h of cardiac care unit (CCU) admission, a coronary angiogram performed 1 week later was unremarkable, and echocardiography performed 4 weeks after the event showed normal resting regional wall motion. DISCUSSION: Seventeen medications containing sibutramine as an active ingredient were registered in Hong Kong in 2007. Sibutramine was introduced in the United States in 1997 and in Australia, United Kingdom, and Italy in 2001. Hypertension, tachycardia, dry mouth, and headache are the most commonly reported adverse reactions. Cardiovascular toxicities include tachycardia, palpitation, hypertension, and tachyarrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: We postulate that the myocardial infarction was the result of coronary vasospasm associated with the therapeutic use of sibutramine-containing slimming pills. AD - Hong Kong Poison Information Centre, United Christian Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, China. anfernee_yim@hotmail.com FAU - Yim, Kin-Ming Anfernee AU - Yim KM FAU - Ng, Hon Wah AU - Ng HW FAU - Chan, Chi-Kin AU - Chan CK FAU - Yip, Gabriel AU - Yip G FAU - Lau, Fei Lung AU - Lau FL LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Clin Toxicol (Phila) JT - Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) JID - 101241654 RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 0 (Troponin T) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) SB - AIM SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Appetite Depressants/*adverse effects MH - Coronary Angiography MH - Coronary Vasospasm/chemically induced MH - Cyclobutanes/*adverse effects MH - Electrocardiography MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Hong Kong MH - Humans MH - Myocardial Infarction/*chemically induced MH - Troponin T/blood/drug effects EDAT- 2008/09/13 MHDA- 2008/12/17 CRDT- 2008/09/13 AID - 902414897 AID - 10.1080/15563650802136258 PST - ppublish SO - Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008 Nov;46(9):877-9. PMID- 18687492 OWN - NLM STAT- In-Process DA - 20091005 IS - 1874-1754 (Electronic) IS - 1874-1754 (Linking) VI - 137 IP - 2 DP - 2009 Oct 2 TI - Acute myocardial infarction in a 24 year-old man possibly associated with sibutramine use. PG - e43-5 AB - Sibutramine is an anti-obesity drug, which acts by inhibiting neuronal re-uptake of noradrenaline and serotonin. Although the most frequently seen effect of sibutramine on cardiovascular system is an increase in blood pressure and pulse rate, rare but severe side effects such as sibutramine-induced ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure and cardiovascular disease-related death are also reported. We describe a 24 year-old man with low atherosclerotic risk profile who had acute myocardial infarction possibly associated with sibutramine use. FAU - Eroglu, Elif AU - Eroglu E FAU - Gemici, Gokmen AU - Gemici G FAU - Bayrak, Fatih AU - Bayrak F FAU - Kalkan, Ali Kemal AU - Kalkan AK FAU - Degertekin, Muzaffer AU - Degertekin M LA - eng PT - Letter DEP - 20080806 PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Cardiol JT - International journal of cardiology JID - 8200291 SB - IM EDAT- 2008/08/09 MHDA- 2008/08/09 CRDT- 2008/08/09 PHST- 2008/03/22 PHST- 2008/06/06 PHST- 2008/08/06 AID - S0167-5273(08)00784-5 AID - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.06.017 PST - ppublish SO - Int J Cardiol. 2009 Oct 2;137(2):e43-5. Epub 2008 Aug 6. PMID- 18161437 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20071228 DCOM- 20080207 LR - 20091103 IS - 1438-3276 (Print) IS - 1438-3276 (Linking) VI - 149 IP - 48 DP - 2007 Nov 29 TI - PG - 44-7; quiz 48 AB - The treatment of arterial hypertension is based on changes in lifestyle and above all weight loss. The expected reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure through weight loss is greater the higher the starting blood pressure. For patients who are not successful through calorie reduction and sport, weight loss can be enhanced with pharmacotherapy. Various substance-dependent blood pressure reactions have been observed that must be monitored. The blood pressure of patients who have undergone surgical intervention for weight loss decreases significantly to the upper normal range. AD - Kliniken Lazariterhof und Baden/Privatklinik MEDIAN Kliniken Bad Krozingen. gerd.boenner@dgn.de FAU - Bonner, G AU - Bonner G LA - ger PT - English Abstract PT - Journal Article TT - Wie effektiv lasst sich damit der Blutdruck senken? PL - Germany TA - MMW Fortschr Med JT - MMW Fortschritte der Medizin JID - 100893959 RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) SB - IM MH - Appetite Depressants/administration dosage MH - Behavior Therapy MH - *Blood Pressure MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cyclobutanes/administration dosage MH - Diet, Reducing MH - Exercise MH - Gastroplasty MH - Humans MH - Hypertension/etiology/*therapy MH - Life Style MH - Myocardial Infarction/etiology/prevention control MH - Obesity/complications/*therapy MH - Treatment Outcome MH - *Weight Loss EDAT- 2007/12/29 MHDA- 2008/02/08 CRDT- 2007/12/29 PST - ppublish SO - MMW Fortschr Med. 2007 Nov 29;149(48):44-7; quiz 48. PMID- 17903325 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20071001 DCOM- 20080201 IS - 1368-9800 (Print) IS - 1368-9800 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 10A DP - 2007 Oct TI - Obesity and cardiovascular disease. PG - 1156-63 AB - BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and in terms of the extent of its negative impact on the health has been compared to those of tobacco and alcohol. One of the first medical consequences of obesity to be recognised was cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, predisposes a person to a number of other cardiovascular risk factors, and is an independent predictor of clinical CVD including coronary death, coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Medline search using the following keywords (obesity, cardiovascular disease, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome) was performed looking for high impact factor English-written references. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (N=99) relevant articles published in the last 15 years were selected and commented. As detailed throughout the text, current therapies available for weight management can improve or prevent many of these obesity-related risk factors for CVD. However, there is some controversy as to whether weight loss is beneficial for health, and large clinical outcome trials such as the Look-AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial or the SCOUT (Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial) study are currently ongoing. DISCUSSION: In the present review, we summarise the effects of obesity as well as the efficacy of weight-loss interventions on cardiovascular risk factors and CVD. AD - Servicio de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, S. Antoni M Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona. aperez@santpau.es FAU - Perez Perez, Antonio AU - Perez Perez A FAU - Ybarra Munoz, Juan AU - Ybarra Munoz J FAU - Blay Cortes, Vicente AU - Blay Cortes V FAU - de Pablos Velasco, Pedro AU - de Pablos Velasco P LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - England TA - Public Health Nutr JT - Public health nutrition JID - 9808463 SB - IM MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/metabolism/prevention control MH - Comorbidity MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*epidemiology/metabolism/prevention control MH - Humans MH - Obesity/*epidemiology/metabolism/prevention control MH - Prevalence MH - Risk Factors MH - Weight Loss/*physiology RF - 99 EDAT- 2007/11/21 MHDA- 2008/02/02 CRDT- 2007/11/21 AID - S1368980007000651 AID - 10.1017/S1368980007000651 PST - ppublish SO - Public Health Nutr. 2007 Oct;10(10A):1156-63. PMID- 17978302 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20071105 DCOM- 20071108 IS - 1533-4406 (Electronic) IS - 1533-4406 (Linking) VI - 357 IP - 18 DP - 2007 Nov 1 TI - Myocardial infarction induced by appetite suppressants in Malaysia. PG - 1873-4 FAU - Azarisman, Shah M AU - Azarisman SM FAU - Magdi, Yahya A AU - Magdi YA FAU - Noorfaizan, Saidin AU - Noorfaizan S FAU - Oteh, Maskon AU - Oteh M LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PL - United States TA - N Engl J Med JT - The New England journal of medicine JID - 0255562 RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) RN - 122-09-8 (Phentermine) SB - AIM SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Appetite Depressants/*adverse effects MH - Cyclobutanes/*adverse effects MH - Electrocardiography MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Malaysia MH - Myocardial Infarction/*chemically induced MH - Phentermine/*adverse effects EDAT- 2007/11/06 MHDA- 2007/11/09 CRDT- 2007/11/06 AID - 357/18/1873 AID - 10.1056/NEJMc070990 PST - ppublish SO - N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1873-4. PMID- 17033290 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DA - 20061011 DCOM- 20070622 IS - 0267-1379 (Print) IS - 0267-1379 (Linking) VI - 18 IP - 2 DP - 2002 Mar TI - Obesity pharmacology: past, present, and future. PG - 213-20 AB - Over the past several years, the pharmacologic treatment of obesity has undergone changes in safety, efficacy, and therapeutic targeting. The prevalence of cardiac valvulopathy associated with treatment with phentermine, fenfluramine, and dexfenfluramine is now becoming clarified with the publication of longer-term studies. Phenylpropanolamine, a well-known over-the-counter appetite suppressant, was recently removed from the market in the United States because of an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke in women. In contrast, two currently approved medications, sibutramine and orlistat, have been shown to be safe and moderately effective for weight loss with documented beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. Three other drugs, bupropion, topiramate, and ciliary neurotrophic factor, are undergoing clinical trials for obesity based on empirical observations. Most promising are the advances in genetics and molecular biology that are beginning to elucidate new targets for controlling appetite and energy utilization. These therapeutic agents will likely herald a second generation of anti-obesity medications over the next decade. AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. rkushner@nmh.org FAU - Kushner, Robert F AU - Kushner RF FAU - Manzano, Hazel AU - Manzano H LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Curr Opin Gastroenterol JT - Current opinion in gastroenterology JID - 8506887 EDAT- 2006/10/13 MHDA- 2006/10/13 CRDT- 2006/10/13 AID - 00001574-200203000-00011 PST - ppublish SO - Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2002 Mar;18(2):213-20. PMID- 16569079 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20060329 DCOM- 20060818 LR - 20091103 IS - 0114-5916 (Print) IS - 0114-5916 (Linking) VI - 29 IP - 4 DP - 2006 TI - Safety of drug therapies used for weight loss and treatment of obesity. PG - 277-302 AB - Some of the medications used for weight loss in the management of obesity have been associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality. Safety concerns have led to the withdrawal of aminorex, followed by the fenfluramines in 1997, and phenylpropanolamine (norephedrine) in 2000. Aminorex was associated with an increased prevalence of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), fenfluramines with an increased prevalence of PPH and valvulopathy, and phenylpropanolamine with an increased risk of haemorrhagic stroke. Several studies have investigated the safety of the fenfluramines, yet the benefit-risk profile has not been conclusively quantified. This is due to several deficiencies in the published studies, including a lack of data on the baseline prevalences of comorbid conditions in obese subjects, and potential confounders and biases in the study designs. Although several studies and systematic reviews support an increased risk of PPH and valvulopathy in patients who have taken fenfluramines, without knowledge of the background prevalence it is not possible to determine if the exposure preceded the outcome. The population at higher risk of these adverse effects includes those taking higher doses or with a longer duration of exposure to fenfluramines and those with pre-existing cardiac disease or a genetic predisposition. Patients exposed to fenfluramines continue to be monitored, with some follow-up studies indicating no overall worsening in valvulopathy over time. There are limited efficacy and safety data for amfepramone (diethylpropion) and phentermine and their approval for the management of obesity is limited to short-term use. Orlistat and sibutramine are the only currently approved medications for long-term management of obesity. Although the benefit-risk profiles of sibutramine and orlistat appear positive, sibutramine continues to be monitored because of long-term safety concerns. The safety and efficacy of currently approved drug therapies have not been evaluated in children and elderly patient populations and there is limited information in adolescents, whilst the long-term safety of current and potential new drug therapies in adults will require several years of postmarketing surveillance to fully elucidate their adverse effect profiles. AD - Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. lisa.demos@med.monash.edu.au FAU - Ioannides-Demos, Lisa L AU - Ioannides-Demos LL FAU - Proietto, Joseph AU - Proietto J FAU - Tonkin, Andrew M AU - Tonkin AM FAU - McNeil, John J AU - McNeil JJ LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review PL - New Zealand TA - Drug Saf JT - Drug safety : an international journal of medical toxicology and drug experience JID - 9002928 RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) SB - IM MH - Anti-Obesity Agents/administration dosage/*adverse effects/therapeutic use MH - Body Weight/*drug effects MH - Humans MH - Obesity/*drug therapy MH - *Weight Loss RF - 244 EDAT- 2006/03/30 MHDA- 2006/08/19 CRDT- 2006/03/30 AID - 2941 PST - ppublish SO - Drug Saf. 2006;29(4):277-302. PMID- 15871847 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20050505 DCOM- 20051104 IS - 0939-4753 (Print) IS - 0939-4753 (Linking) VI - 15 IP - 1 DP - 2005 Feb TI - Effects of sibutramine-induced weight loss on cardiovascular system in obese subjects. PG - 24-30 AB - BACKGROUND AND AIM: To assess efficacy of sibutramine in obese subjects, and influence on hemodynamics, valve function and left ventricular (LV) geometry and performance. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three-month double-blind, parallel groups, randomized, placebo-controlled of 15 mg o.i.d. sibutramine administration combined with diet. Twenty-five to 65 year-old males or postmenopausal females, were enrolled if their BMI was between 30 and 40 kg/m(2), without evidence of concomitant diseases. Body weight, BMI, blood pressure (BP), echocardiographic LV mass, cardiac output, and diastolic function were measured. Body weight and BMI were better reduced with sibutramine (weight loss of 5% or more in 9 of 11 patients) than placebo group (weight loss of 5% or more in 5 of 9 patients; all p0.05). Systolic and diastolic BP decreased similarly in both arms. No difference in mean heart rate was detected between treatments. The two groups had slightly different LV geometry at baseline. LV mass decreased with weight loss, more in the sibutramine group (p0.05), due to reduction in LV chamber size. Stroke volume tended to be reduced in the sibutramine group, influencing diastolic pattern. E/A ratio tended to decrease in the sibutramine group without changes in isovolumic relaxation time and deceleration time of E velocity. No onset or increased severity of valve regurgitation was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Combined to hypocaloric diet, sibutramine increases weight loss in obese individuals. Weight changes have positive effect on reduction of BP and contribute to reduce LV mass, the hallmark of markers of preclinical cardiovascular disease and most powerful predictor of adverse outcome. AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Hospital, School of Medicine - v.S. Pansini 5-80131 Naples, Italy. simogi@unina.it FAU - de Simone, Giovanni AU - de Simone G FAU - Romano, Carmela AU - Romano C FAU - De Caprio, Carmela AU - De Caprio C FAU - Contaldo, Franco AU - Contaldo F FAU - Salanitri, Tommaso AU - Salanitri T FAU - di Luzio Paparatti, Umberto AU - di Luzio Paparatti U FAU - Pasanisi, Fabrizio AU - Pasanisi F LA - eng PT - Clinical Trial PT - Journal Article PT - Randomized Controlled Trial PL - Germany TA - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis JT - Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD JID - 9111474 RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Appetite Depressants/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention control MH - Cyclobutanes/pharmacology/*therapeutic use MH - *Diet, Reducing MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Female MH - Heart Rate/drug effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/diet therapy/*drug therapy MH - Postmenopause MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Weight Loss/drug effects/*physiology EDAT- 2005/05/06 MHDA- 2005/11/05 CRDT- 2005/05/06 PHST- 2004/03/25 PHST- 2004/06/12 PHST- 2004/07/12 AID - S0939-4753(04)00005-5 AID - 10.1016/j.numecd.2004.07.002 PST - ppublish SO - Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005 Feb;15(1):24-30. PMID- 15771936 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20050317 DCOM- 20050715 LR - 20060712 IS - 0167-5273 (Print) IS - 0167-5273 (Linking) VI - 99 IP - 3 DP - 2005 Mar 30 TI - Sibutramine: possible cause of a reversible cardiomyopathy. PG - 481-2 FAU - Sayin, Tamer AU - Sayin T FAU - Guldal, Muharrem AU - Guldal M LA - eng PT - Case Reports PT - Letter PL - Ireland TA - Int J Cardiol JT - International journal of cardiology JID - 8200291 RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Appetite Depressants/*adverse effects MH - Cyclobutanes/*adverse effects MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Myocarditis/*chemically induced/physiopathology MH - Stroke Volume EDAT- 2005/03/18 MHDA- 2005/07/16 CRDT- 2005/03/18 PHST- 2003/11/07 PHST- 2003/11/18 AID - S0167527304001925 AID - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.11.060 PST - ppublish SO - Int J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 30;99(3):481-2. PMID- 15449971 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20040928 DCOM- 20041126 LR - 20051116 IS - 1175-3277 (Print) IS - 1175-3277 (Linking) VI - 4 IP - 5 DP - 2004 TI - Interactions between grapefruit juice and cardiovascular drugs. PG - 281-97 AB - Grapefruit juice can alter oral drug pharmacokinetics by different mechanisms. Irreversible inactivation of intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is produced by commercial grapefruit juice given as a single normal amount (e.g. 200-300 mL) or by whole fresh fruit segments. As a result, presystemic metabolism is reduced and oral drug bioavailability increased. Enhanced oral drug bioavailability can occur 24 hours after juice consumption. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a possible mechanism that increases oral drug bioavailability by reducing intestinal and/or hepatic efflux transport. Recently, inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptides by grapefruit juice was observed in vitro; intestinal uptake transport appeared decreased as oral drug bioavailability was reduced. Numerous medications used in the prevention or treatment of coronary artery disease and its complications have been observed or are predicted to interact with grapefruit juice. Such interactions may increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis when dyslipidemia is treated with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors atorvastatin, lovastatin, or simvastatin. Potential alternative agents are pravastatin, fluvastatin, or rosuvastatin. Such interactions might also cause excessive vasodilatation when hypertension is managed with the dihydropyridines felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, or nitrendipine. An alternative agent could be amlodipine. In contrast, the therapeutic effect of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan may be reduced by grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice interacting with the antidiabetic agent repaglinide may cause hypoglycemia, and interaction with the appetite suppressant sibutramine may cause elevated BP and HR. In angina pectoris, administration of grapefruit juice could result in atrioventricular conduction disorders with verapamil or attenuated antiplatelet activity with clopidrogel. Grapefruit juice may enhance drug toxicity for antiarrhythmic agents such as amiodarone, quinidine, disopyramide, or propafenone, and for the congestive heart failure drug, carvediol. Some drugs for the treatment of peripheral or central vascular disease also have the potential to interact with grapefruit juice. Interaction with sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil for erectile dysfunction, may cause serious systemic vasodilatation especially when combined with a nitrate. Interaction between ergotamine for migraine and grapefruit juice may cause gangrene or stroke. In stroke, interaction with nimodipine may cause systemic hypotension. If a drug has low inherent oral bioavailability from presystemic metabolism by CYP3A4 or efflux transport by P-gp and the potential to produce serious overdose toxicity, avoidance of grapefruit juice entirely during pharmacotherapy appears mandatory. Although altered drug response is variable among individuals, the outcome is difficult to predict and avoiding the combination will guarantee toxicity is prevented. The elderly are at particular risk, as they are often prescribed medications and frequently consume grapefruit juice. AD - Department of Medicine and Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada. david.bailey@lhsc.on.ca FAU - Bailey, David G AU - Bailey DG FAU - Dresser, George K AU - Dresser GK LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - New Zealand TA - Am J Cardiovasc Drugs JT - American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions JID - 100967755 RN - 0 (Cardiovascular Agents) SB - IM MH - *Beverages MH - Cardiovascular Agents/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use MH - Cardiovascular Diseases/*drug therapy MH - *Citrus paradisi MH - *Food-Drug Interactions MH - Humans RF - 112 EDAT- 2004/09/29 MHDA- 2004/12/16 CRDT- 2004/09/29 AID - 452 PST - ppublish SO - Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2004;4(5):281-97. PMID- 11204319 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20010206 DCOM- 20010308 LR - 20061115 IS - 1426-9686 (Print) IS - 1426-9686 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 53 DP - 2000 Nov TI - PG - 741-5 AB - Obesity is one of the pathologies with ever-increasing prevalence in modern societies. Its occurrence is strongly associated with increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, heart and respiratory failure, breast, prostate and gut cancer, gall stones, arthropathy. Obesity is common in Polish population. Obesity treatment is difficult and frustrating. It consists of several parts like diet, increased physical activity, lifestyle changes, drug therapy and surgery. However, obesity treatment is very often a failure, mostly because of discouraging long-term results and the necessity of intensive patient's involvement in the therapy. For many patients and doctors weight-decreasing agents look promising. The groups of anti-obesity drugs are presented in the article, with special reference to serotoninergic agents and intestinal lipase inhibitors. The prospects for new anti-obesity agents are discussed. Nevertheless, despite intensive research on obesity, we are still waiting for the development of an effective and safe drugs helping lose weight. FAU - Czupryniak, L AU - Czupryniak L FAU - Drzewoski, J AU - Drzewoski J LA - pol PT - Editorial PT - English Abstract TT - Znaczenie farmakoterapii w leczeniu otylosci u osob doroslych. PL - Poland TA - Pol Merkur Lekarski JT - Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego JID - 9705469 RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 0 (Dopamine Agonists) RN - 0 (Lactones) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) RN - 22232-71-9 (Mazindol) RN - 299-42-3 (Ephedrine) RN - 3239-44-9 (Dexfenfluramine) RN - 461-78-9 (Chlorphentermine) RN - 54910-89-3 (Fluoxetine) RN - 96829-58-2 (orlistat) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Animals MH - Anti-Obesity Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Chlorphentermine/therapeutic use MH - Cyclobutanes/therapeutic use MH - Dexfenfluramine/therapeutic use MH - Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use MH - Ephedrine/therapeutic use MH - Fluoxetine/therapeutic use MH - Humans MH - Lactones/therapeutic use MH - Mazindol/therapeutic use MH - Obesity/*drug therapy EDAT- 2001/02/24 MHDA- 2001/03/10 CRDT- 2001/02/24 PST - ppublish SO - Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2000 Nov;9(53):741-5. PMID- 10929704 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DA - 20000816 DCOM- 20000816 LR - 20051116 IS - 0002-838X (Print) IS - 0002-838X (Linking) VI - 62 IP - 2 DP - 2000 Jul 15 TI - Medical management of obesity. PG - 419-26 AB - Obesity is one of the most common medical problems in the United States and a risk factor for illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, degenerative arthritis and myocardial infarction. It is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality and generates great social and financial costs. Obesity is defined as a body mass index greater than 30. Many patients accomplish weight loss with diet, exercise and lifestyle modification. Others require more aggressive therapy. Weight loss medications may be appropriate for use in selected patients who meet the definition of obesity or who are overweight with comorbid conditions. Medications are formulated to reduce energy intake, increase energy output or decrease the absorption of nutrients. Drugs cannot replace diet, exercise and lifestyle modification, which remain the cornerstones of obesity treatment. Two new agents, sibutramine and orlistat, exhibit novel mechanisms of action and avoid some of the side effects that occurred with earlier drugs. Sibutramine acts to block uptake of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, while orlistat decreases fat absorption in the intestines. AD - University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01610, USA. FAU - Berke, E M AU - Berke EM FAU - Morden, N E AU - Morden NE LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - UNITED STATES TA - Am Fam Physician JT - American family physician JID - 1272646 RN - 0 (Anti-Obesity Agents) RN - 0 (Appetite Depressants) RN - 0 (Cyclobutanes) RN - 0 (Lactones) RN - 106650-56-0 (sibutramine) RN - 96829-58-2 (orlistat) RN - EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) SB - AIM SB - IM EIN - Am Fam Physician 2001 Aug 15;64(4):570 MH - Algorithms MH - Anti-Obesity Agents/*therapeutic use MH - Appetite Depressants/*therapeutic use MH - Basal Metabolism MH - Body Mass Index MH - Cyclobutanes/therapeutic use MH - Decision Trees MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - *Energy Intake MH - *Exercise MH - *Food Habits MH - Humans MH - Lactones/therapeutic use MH - *Life Style MH - Lipase/antagonists inhibitors MH - Obesity/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/*therapy MH - Risk Factors RF - 26 EDAT- 2000/08/10 MHDA- 2000/08/19 CRDT- 2000/08/10 PST - ppublish SO - Am Fam Physician. 2000 Jul 15;62(2):419-26.
http://www.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2009/9/223591.shtm 美研究显示禁烟可降低心脏病发病率 美国一项最新研究成果显示，在采取禁烟措施的地区，心脏病发病率会明显下降。 美国堪萨斯大学研究人员在9月刊的《美国心脏病学院杂志》（JACC）上报告说，研究人员对美国、加拿大和欧洲部分地区禁烟成果的11项研究数据进行分析后发现，在采取禁烟措施一年后，这些地区的心脏病发病率平均降低了25%。而一旦某些地区取消禁烟令后，心脏病发病率又会随之上升。 负责这项研究的心脏病学教授戴维迈耶斯说，心脏病发病率的下降幅度与禁烟时间的长短有关，禁烟时间越长，心脏病发病率的下降幅度就越大。50岁以下的人在禁烟期间获益最大；与男性相比，女性受益更明显。 最新一期美国《循环》杂志刊登的另一份研究报告也指出，在采取禁烟措施的地区，心脏病发病率在3年后会降低36%。 更多阅读 《美国心脏病学院杂志》发表论文摘要（英文） http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/14/1249?maxtoshow=HITS=10hits=10RESULTFORMAT=fulltext=Meyerssearchid=1FIRSTINDEX=0sortspec=dateresourcetype=HWCIT J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009; 54:1249-1255, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.07.022 2009 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation This Article Figures Only Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Google Scholar Articles by Meyers , D. G. Articles by He, J. PubMed Articles by Meyers , D. G. Articles by He, J. Related Collections Related Articles QUARTERLY FOCUS ISSUE: PREVENTION/OUTCOMES: CORONARY DISEASE RISK Cardiovascular Effect of Bans on Smoking in Public Places A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis David G. Meyers , MD, MPH * , , * , John S. Neuberger, DrPH, MPH, MBA and Jianghua He, PhD * Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas Manuscript received May 13, 2009; revised manuscript received July 20, 2009, accepted July 28, 2009. * Reprint requests and correspondence: Dr. David G. Meyers , Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kansas University School of Medicine, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160 (Email: dmeyers@kumc.edu
标签: 心脏病
