现粘贴出一篇英文论文草稿,关于学术出版的社会技术演进,希望各位网友多指教! The history of academic publishing begins in 1665 when Henry Oldenburg started Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London and Denis de Sallo, in France, published the first volume of the first print journal called Journal des Scavens on January 5, 1665(Nikam and Babu H. 2009). The rise of discipline-oriented scholarly journals results from The fragmentation of knowledge into more specialised disciplines (Day 1999), which is perhaps the first evolution of scholarly communication in relation to academic publishing. In 19th century, journals began to assume the functions of registering ownership and establishing priority over a particular innovation (Guedon 2001) and the publication of articles in journals becomes the primary indicator of professional standing for researchers(Correia and Teixeira 2005:13-14). As a result, peer review becomes the central assessment system in gate-keeping of academic publishing, which could be regarded as another big change in the history of academic publishing. In print age, academic publishing has established the following traditional functions to meet the scholarly requirements: author evaluation, author recognition, validation of knowledge and quality control, historical record, and archival (Correia and Teixeira 2005). After World War II, the nature of research has evolved, from specialised to interdisciplinary (Correia and Teixeira 2005:351). Accordingly, scholars need more efficient and cost-saving access to a wide range of literature in different disciplines as well as cross-citation and cross-referencing. But academic publishing system did not deal with such information explosion successfully due to the increasing publishing costs, delays in publishing, distribution inefficiencies, and so forth, which led to the serials crisis (Large, Tedd et al. 1999; Tenopir and King 2000).Such a crisis has not been dealt with properly until the introduction of electronic publishing technology in 1980s. The evolution leveraged by electronic publishing not only solved the problem of the data deluge (Hey and Trefethen 2003), along with the expansion of universities as well as scientific documents; but also, made scholarship more searchable, visible, and efficient in distribution with the emergence of electronic database of bibliographic information (Large, Tedd et al. 1999; Correia and Teixeira 2005). The evolution of electronic publishing forms the basic structure of todays academic publishing models, both commercial and communicative, which are still influential and dominant. In later 1990s, the rise of ICTs, particularly the rapid evolution of digital and networking technologies (Brown, Griffiths et al. 2007:3) transformed text to e-text and net-text, which revolutionizes publishing industry in terms of technology, business models, product/service concept, user behaviour, copyright, and demography, etc (ibid, 4-5). Meanwhile, new research practice in the 21 st century such as e-research, e-science, and Science 2.0 requires new forms of data-intensive, information-intensive, distributed, collaborative, multi-, inter-, or cross-disciplinary scholarship (Borgman 2007:31). In other words, scholars need speedy and efficient dissemination of new knowledge, broad and cheap access to most valuable scholarship, and much convenience and infinite possibility to generate, share, use, reuse, discuss and collectively update the scholarly materials. As a result, new publishing models and innovative experiments have been launched. Guthrie (2008:1) uses online academic resources (OARs) to define content and scholarly discourses available on the web for research, collaboration, and teaching, which includes scholarly journals and monographs, new emerging formats to disseminate scholarship such as preprint and wikis, and digital collection of primary source materials. Maron (2009) identifies eight principal types of digital scholarly resources in what they called digital scholarly communication, namely, E-only journals, reviews, preprints and working papers, encyclopedias, dictionaries, annotated data, blogs, discussion forums, and professional and scholarly hubs. Despite the variety of these new digital academic publishing platforms, the central themes of digital academic publishing today is Open Access, which democratizes knowledge by a wide extension of the circulation of scholarship and is leading to the forthcoming evolution (Correia and Teixeira 2005). The history of academic publishing is virtually a socio-technological evolution driven by both technological capacity and the social changes of academic contexts, which is neither technological determinism nor social determinism. Some social studies on digital academic publishing follow the paradigm of social informatics to analyse the sociol-technological evolution in academic publishing, particularly the social aspects of ICTsin academia. Just as Kling (2005:6) argues, Social Informatics refers to the interdisciplinary study of interaction with institutional and cultural contexts and ICTs. These studies tend to contextualise technology and examine the contextual dynamics, drivers, or constraints in relation to technological advances. The primary driver they identify is the scholarly unsatisfied demands in academic publishing. As a result, the innovative academic publishing platforms newly launched are per se stakeholders responses to the unsatisfactory features of traditional academic publishing, which facilitate a wider distribution of scholarship, ranging from a comprehensive reorganization of the scholarly communication to better ways of accomplishing the current functions (Borgman 2007:75). For example, they are open access based, non-for-profit, niche-oriented, informal, cross-disciplinary, rich media, cross-platforms, and so forth (Lagoze 2005; King, Harley et al. 2006; Borgman 2007; Guthrie, Griffiths et al. 2008; Maron and Smith 2009; Nikam and Babu H. 2009). Some scholars follow a political economy approach and point out that such a digital revolution is also driven by business and commercial interests (Watson 2004:254). As a result, the uses of digital technology not only enhance essential aspects of scholarship, but also balance or rebalance the interests of the many stakeholders (Borgman 2007:75-76) in the value chain. Just as Borgman (2007:9) further argues, authors, libraries, universities, and publishers are wrestling with the trade-offs between traditional forms of publisher-controlled dissemination and author or institution-controlled forms of open access publishing. Obviously Information Communication Technology (ICT) makes it possible for non-publisher actors, particularly research institutes, to enter academic publishing fields and do publishing business. It is thus the time for universities, universities presses, and libraries to reassess and redefine their role in the overall scholarly communication frameworks (Steele 2008) (Houghton, Steele et al. 2006). In-fact these alternative publishing platforms, especially Institutional Repositories (IR) is much less commercialised and utilitarian compared with commercial publishers and thus are the best way to provide access to scientific research output (Nikam and Babu H. 2009). In other words, igital technologies would result in disintermediation of the value chain (Tian and Martin 2009:75)and restructure the academic publishing industry. There is a potential risk for publishers that their role of intermediaries might be replaced by a direct interaction between faculty and libraries in future due to the capability attributed to ICTs. But at present, commercial publishers role is still dominant while new innovative platforms remain at the stage of experiments. Reference 略。
邮箱里收到了一封英国物理学会发来的邮件,IOP的中文网站开通了。打开看了一下,界面整洁,虽然内容还少,因为刚开通的缘故。世界科技出版界越来越重视中国市场了,中文化服务日益增加。下面列出有代表性的几家,稍作介绍,权作学习笔记。 Elsevier China http://china.elsevier.com/ElsevierDNN/Default.aspx?alias=china.elsevier.com/elsevierdnn/ch 说到科技出版,怎么也不能绕过的就是Elsevier,那棵大树给人们留下了深刻的印象。作为一家出版内容丰富的出版社,它的中文网站内容非常丰富,有集团所属期刊的新闻,有英文写作培训,有Elsevier与相关组织合作组织的一些活动,也有最新的研究成果,当然不可能少的就是scopus(Ei数据库好像也收归它了)。虽然scopus目前在中国没有sci这样的官方地位,但它的影响在不断增大,使人没有理由怀疑它的潜力。本人所在单位没有购买此数据库,以后也许会有。(此段文字非广告,张玉国先生可以作证,呵呵) Nature China http://www.nature.com/nchina/index.html Nature的大名估计没有人不知道,作为与AAAS的Science相当的世界超一流期刊,它的市场化脚步明显走在了后者的前面。这从它一系统的子刊中就可以看出来。Nature的中文网站比较简单,也许是因为它的业务相比Elsevier单纯些。 IOP China http://china.iop.org/ 这是一个新网站,目前内容不多,主要是一些常规的信息。 Springer China http://china.springerlink.com/home/main.mpx Springer的实力大家有目共睹,但中文网站却非常简单,非常学术化,商业化气息较少。 本文无意分析他们网站的优劣,突然想到一个问题:在他们积极进入中国的同时,我们中国的期刊出版还是一心一意地以国际化(真的或者假的)为目标。这是对还是错?我们应当如何面对国内市场?(这好像是两个问题了)
王 应 宽 2009-10-01 UTC-6 CST UMN, St Paul 首届 OA 学术出版会议在瑞典召开,精彩报告全部视频开放 由开放存取学术出版者协会( Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association )与 DOAJ 共同主办的首届开放存取学术出版会议于 9 月 14-16 日在瑞典的伦德市召开。开放存取领域的知名专家学者,如 Peter Suber(SPARC/Open Access News), John Willinsky(Public Knowledge Project/Stanford University), Paul Peters (Hindawi Publishing Corporation), Mark Patterson(PLoS), Matt Cockerill (BioMed Central), Lars Bjornshauge (DOAJ/Lund University), Jan Velterop, 等出席会议并作报告。 没有参加会议 OA 爱好者也不必遗憾。令人高兴的是所有报告的视频材料全部可以在线播放,您可以看着 PPT 材料聆听专家的精彩报告,相信您可以从专家的报告中了解到关于开放存取的最新进展。唯一的缺憾是,您无法参与当面提问和讨论。 在线浏览和下载网址: http://river-valley.tv/conferences/publishing/oaspa-2009/ 报告的内容如下(为超级链接模式,可以直接点击报告题名观看): Table of Contents How Common is Open Access? The Economics of Open Access Scholarly Publishing Open Access Publishing Strategies, Options and Issues for Scholar Publishers The Directory of Open Access Journals - The Development of the Collection, Current Projects, and Plans for the Future The Open Source Publishing Platform Overview of CrossRef's Publisher Initiatives Opening Remarks from the Conference Chair Ten Challenges for Open Access Journals Knowledge Sharing and the Commons Re-Engineering the Scientific Journal Nano-publication and Open Access Open Assessment and Open Citation Analysis - Experiences with the Journal Economics Presentation of Reports from the Parallel Breakout Sessions Follow the Money: The Political Economy of Open Access in the Humanities Panel Discussion on Open Data Open Access and the Wellcome Trust SCOAP3 : Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics Open Access Payment Mechanisms: One Publishers Perspective Social Accounting and Open Access The Price of Open Access? OA Funds, Institutions and Consortia A University Library as Open Access Publisher: the Igitur Experience Closing Remarks from the Conference Chair 附:会议情况简介 1st Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing (COASP) 14-16 September Scandic Star Hotel, Lund, Sweden The Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association and the DOAJ/Lund University Libraries are pleased to announce the1st Conference on Open Access Scholarly Publishing, which will be held at the Scandic Star hotel in Lund, Sweden from the 14th to the 16th of September. Participants will have the opportunity to hear from many leading figures within the open access publishing movement, and to participate in workshops that will highlight a number of important issues related to open access publishing. Participants who are members of the Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association are invited to participate in the first Annual General Meeting of OASPA, which will be held in the afternoon on September 16th following the end of the conference. Most COASP sessions will be broadcast live over the web at http://www.river-valley.tv/ at the times noted in the schedule below. In addition, the recordings of the individual presentations will be posted as soon as they are ready at http://www.river-valley.tv . Conference Registration has closed Conference Sponsors Travel and Accommodations OAPEN workshop: new models in Open Access book publishing The call for proposals has ended. Conference Speakers and Schedule Conference Organizing Committee Registered Conference Attendees For more information, contact coasp@oaspa.org