PGPLOT working under Linux. Note that this is atwo step procedure: you need to install the graphic library first, and thendefine some environment variables that are needed in order to work comfortablywith PGPLOT. In this sense it is useful to check that the demo programs runproperly. Note that the previous command can take several minutes if the system detectsthe need of installing additional packages. The different versions of the PGPLOT library (libpgplot.* andlibcpgplot.*) are installed under: /opt/local/lib. The X11server is installed in /opt/local/bin/pgxwin_server, whereas auxiliaryfiles (including the demos) are placed under:/opt/local/share/pgplot. After the installation, make sure that the expected environment variables areproperly set (at least PGPLOT_DIR must exist; PGPLOT_DEV isalso quite useful). You can check this by executing: % echo %PGPLOT_DIR % echo %PGPLOT_DEV If the previous environment variables are not set, you can easily define them: ％ export PGPLOT_DIR=/opt/local/lib ％ export PGPLOT_DEV=/Xserve It is useful to introduce those definitions in the .bashrc file at thehome directory of the user. Execute any of the demos in order to check that everything is fine: ％ /opt/local/share/pgplot/examples/pgdemo1 ％ /opt/local/share/pgplot/examples/pgdemo2 ％ /opt/local/share/pgplot/examples/pgdemo3 ... Finally, compile your own code. For example, is gfortran was thefortran compiler employed to install PGPLOT, the following commandshould work: ％ gfortran -o outputFileName inputFotranFile.f -L/opt/local/lib -lpgplot-lX11 Note that you should use the same fortran compiler to install PGPLOT and tocompile your own files.In the above example the X11 library was assumed to be installed in/opt/local/lib. If this is not the case, include an extra-L/directory_path_to_libX11 in the compilation command before-lpgplot. (Mac users may find also useful the instructions provided by BenjaminWeiner ) Linux usersIn Linux I always download the original source code of PGPLOT from its homepage , and install the package manually (at the time of writting thesenotes, the latest version is pgplot5.2.tar.gz ).For this to work properly, theappropriate X11 files must be available in your machine. I also installgfortran as the Fortran compiler. Both tasks can be performed executing: Fedora: ％ sudo yum install libX11-devel ％ sudo yum install gcc-gfortran Ubuntu: ％ sudo apt-get install xorg-dev ％ sudo apt-get install gfortran CentOS: ％ sudo yum install libX11-devel ％ sudo yum install gcc-gfortran OpenSUSE: % sudo zypper install xorg-X11-devel % sudo zypper install gcc-fortran Debian: % sudo apt-get install libX11-dev % sudo apt-get install gfortran In order to install PGPLOT, I follow (with a minor but important modification:the use of gfortran instead of g77) the instructions given by T.J. Pearson toinstall this library under Linux, which can be summarized as follows: Download the distribution file pgplot5.2.tar.gz Decompress and extract the contents of the distribution file in a source directory. In this sense, I always place pgplot5.2.tar.gz under /usr/local/src. Note that for this opperation it is probably required that you have root privileges, unless you have write access to the directories.You can either log in as root (using su in Fedora and CentOS, or using sudo su in Ubuntu), or use sudo in front of the following commands: ％ cd /usr/local/src ％ mv ~/Downloads/pgplot5.2.tar.gz . ％ tar zxvf pgplot5.2.tar.gz The last command will create /usr/local/src/pgplot and subdirectories. Create the directory where PGPLOT will be actually installed: ％ mkdir /usr/local/pgplot ％ cd /usr/local/pgplot Copy the file drivers.list from the source directory to the installation directory: ％ cp /usr/local/src/pgplot/drivers.list . Edit that file and remove the exclamation mark (first column of each row) in front of the following graphic devices: /PS, /VPS, /CPS, /VCPS and /XServe. The resulting file is also available here: drivers.list . Create the makefile. From the installation directory /usr/local/pgplot execute: ％ /usr/local/src/pgplot/makemake /usr/local/src/pgplot linux g77_gcc_aout Edit the file makefile and change the line: FCOMPL=g77 by FCOMPL=gfortran Compile the source files: ％ make ％ make cpg ％ make clean Setting environment variables ％ sudo gedit ~/.bashrc ； add the following code : PATH=/usr/local/PGPLOT/bin:$PATH PGPLOT_DIR=/usr/local/pgplot/;export PGPLOT_DIR LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgplot/;export LD_LIBRARY PGPLOT_FONT=/usr/local/pgplot/grfont.dat ;export PGPLOT_FONT PGPLOT_DEV=/xwine;export PGPLOT_DEV PGPLOT_LIB=-L /usr/X11R6/lib -lX11 -L /usr/local/pgplot/ -lpgplot;export PGPLOT_LIB ％ source .bashrc After the installation, make sure that the expected environment variables areproperly set (at least PGPLOT_DIR must exist; PGPLOT_DEV isalso quite useful): ％ export PGPLOT_DIR=/usr/local/pgplot ％ export PGPLOT_DEV=/Xserve It is useful to introduce those definitions in the .bashrc file at thehome directory of the user. Execute any of the demos in order to check that everything is fine: ％ /usr/local/pgplot/pgdemo1 ％ /usr/local/pgplot/pgdemo2 ％ /usr/local/pgplot/pgdemo3 ... Finally, compile your own code. For example, is gfortran was thefortran compiler employed to install PGPLOT, the following commandshould work: ％ gfortran -o outputFileName inputFotranFile.f -L/usr/local/pgplot-L/usr/X11/lib -lpgplot -lX11 Note that you should use the same fortran compiler to install PGPLOT and tocompile your own files.In the above example the X11 library was assumed to be installed in/usr/X11/lib. If this is not the case, include the actual directoryusing -L/directory_path_to_libX11 in the compilation instead of-L/usr/X11/lib above. 另X11下载地址(X11R6版本):http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mWT9K 或者 http://ftp.vim.org/pub/OpenBSD/2.2/pmax/X11/X11R6.tar.gz 参考地址： http://pendientedemigracion.ucm.es/info/Astrof/software/howto/howto-pgplot.html 2013－10－09 于BNU
信息来源: Ubuntu_Wikipedia The Ubuntu project makes two releases per year, using the year and month of the release as the version number . The first Ubuntu release, for example, was Ubuntu 4.10 and was released on October 20, 2004. Consequently, version numbers for future versions are provisional; if the release is delayed until a different month to that planned, the version number changes accordingly. Ubuntu releases are also given code names , using an adjective and an animal with the same first letter e.g: Dapper Drake and Intrepid Ibex . With the exception of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick determination of which release is newer. Commonly, Ubuntu releases are referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name. Releases are timed to be approximately one month after GNOME releases, which are in turn about one month after releases of X.org . Consequently, every Ubuntu release comes with a newer version of both GNOME and X. Release 6.06 ( Dapper Drake )and recently 8.04 ( Hardy Heron )have been labeled as a Long Term Support (LTS) , to indicate support with updates for three years on the desktop and five years on the server, with paid technical support available from Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop was released on April, 23 2009. It includes the latest enhancements and is maintained until October 2010. Color Meaning Red No longer supported release Green Supported release Blue Future release # Version Code name Testing name Release date Supported until Desktops Servers 1 4.10 Warty Warthog Sounder 2004-10-20 2006 - 04-30 . 2 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog Array 2005-04-08 2006 - 10-31 3 5.10 Breezy Badger Colony 2005-10-13 2007 - 04-13 4 6.06 LTS Dapper Drake Flight 2006-06-01 June 2009 June 2011 5 6.10 Edgy Eft Knot 2006-10-26 2008 - 04-25 6 7.04 Feisty Fawn Herd 2007-04-19 2008 - 10-19 7 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon Tribe 2007-10-18 2009 - 04-18 8 8.04 LTS Hardy Heron Alpha 2008-04-24 April 2011 April 2013 9 8.10 Intrepid Ibex Alpha 2008-10-30 April 2010 10 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope Alpha 2009-04-23 October 2010 11 9.10 Karmic Koala Alpha 2009-10-29 April 2011
自它诞生之日起就用它，好几年了，用它作个人计算系统的os,希望它一路走好。 Ubuntu announced the roadmap for the upcoming OS today. Mark Shuttleworth has mentioned the arrangement for Ubuntu till 11.04 in the year 2011. After Ubuntu 8.04, the upcoming LTS will be 10.04 and will be supported up to year 2015.
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