Low cost ARM M0+ controller targets the Internet of Things Nick Flaherty - June 18, 2013 Atmel has combined touch and power IP from its AVR range of low cost controllers with the ARM Cortex M0+ 'Flycatcher' processor core to develop a low cost, low power devices with key customer support for the Internet of Things. The SAM D20 is the first series in a new family of embedded Flash Microcontrollers based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ processor core and designed ideally for home automation, consumer, smart metering and industrial applications, with Bosch Sensortech as a key early customer. The 130nm series combines innovative and proven technologies including intelligent peripherals with Atmel’s Event System and capacitive touch support for button, slider and wheel capability and proximity sensing as well as single cycle access to the flash memory. The new SAM D20 series is also supported by the latest version of Atmel Studio and Atmel Software Framework , the integrated development platform for developing and debugging Atmel ARM Cortex-M and Atmel AVR MCU- based applications. The devices will be available in chip scale packaging (CSP) for integration into low cost consumer designs, says Endreas Eieland, snior product marketing manager at Atmel. Bosch Sensortec is among the first adopters of the new Atmel SAM D20 device. “Customers for our next-generation self-contained 9-axis absolute orientation sensor (BNO055) will benefit from the same high performance with lower power consumption. Atmel’s SAM D20 device optimizes Bosch Sensortec’s sensor fusion software at a level that was not previously possible,” said Dr. Stefan Finkbeiner, CEO and General Manager at Bosch Sensortec. “Atmel’s global leadership in MCUs and its partnership with ARM has enabled the company to launch its Cortex-M0+ ARM-based family,” said Reza Kazerounian, Sr. Vice President and General Manager, Microcontroller Business Unit at Atmel. “In this era of the Internet of Things, MCUs, such as the SAM D20, are at the heart of every smart, connected device. All our MCUs include unique peripheral sets, ultra-low power consumption, a complete integrated development platform, and easy-to-use development kits so designers can bring their products quickly to market.” The SAM D20 Cortex-M0+ ARM-based series integrates several popular features including high-precision 12-bit analog and internal oscillators, up to eight 16-bit timer/counters, real-time performance, peripheral event system, and flexible clocking options and sleep modes. The new devices also include a serial communication module (SERCOM module) that can be configured from the application to act as an USART, UART, SPI and I2C; each device in this new family includes four to six SERCOM modules. The new devices are also designed for a simple and intuitive migration between devices with identical peripheral modules, hex compatible code, pin compatible migration paths, and a Linear address map. The family supports button, slider and wheel touch capability as well as proximity without the need for external components, and features 14 new devices available in 32-, 48- and 64-pin package options with 16 to 256KB of Flash memory. To accelerate design, the SAM D20 Xplained PRO evaluation kits are available today for USD $39. The kit features a 64-pin, 256KB SAM D20 device along with a programmer/debugger and hardware to evaluate both the processor and the peripherals. The Xplained PRO kit also comes pre-loaded with software that can easily be re-programmed, debugged and prototyped without any additional tools. Atmel is working with alpha customers that will go into volume production shortly. Samples of 128KB 32-pin, and 256KB 48-and 64 pin products are available in QFN and QFP packages now. Pricing starts at $1.02 USD for 1K units of the 16KB 32 pin QFN-package. To purchase a kit, visit the Atmel Store . Find more datasheets on products like this one at Datasheets.com , searchable by category, part #, description, manufacturer, and more. This article originally appeared in EE Times Europe.
俺一直以来都以为地理学是文科，只不过是国务院学位办在学科划分时错误地将其划入理科，因为教材上缺乏最基本的定律。2011年在新疆参加地理学大会时，来自广东的一位老师在报告中提及到地理学第一定律。 Waldo Tobler的原话是“ Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.”按字面理解， 任何事物都相关，只是相近的事物关联更紧密。 如果再没有其他定律或定理，仅从这条定性“定律”似乎很难定量推导出地理教材上那么多的“结论”。 地理学离现代科学体系太远了吧？怎么有点儿像中医和巫术的亲戚？
Slow scholarship—like Slow Food—is deeper and richer and more nourishing than the fast stuff. But it takes longer to make, and to do it properly you have to employ eccentric people who insist on doing things their way. By Anthony Grafton （2010）
Reflecting on all the cause and effect "truths" in this universe, and then taking experiments to check, is one of the most interesting things that are worth to do on this boring and lonely planet. 思虑万千因果 思虑万千因果，察之，验之，益善之，乃俗世间一大快事是也。
Nov. 5, 2012, 5:01 p.m. EST 10 things presidential candidates won’t say By Jonnelle Marte We reveal the secrets from both sides of the campaign trail. Reuters Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney carries five month-old Levi Vandenberg after plucking him out of the crowd while greeting audience members at a campaign rally in Newington, New Hampshire November 3, 2012. 1. “I’m powerless to change the economy.” When Americans head to the polls this month, political analysts say the economy is going to be issue number one. Although President Barack Obama and Republican candidate Mitt Romney have differing views on how to add spark to the recovery, the man chosen for the job will likely have very little influence on the direction of the economy, experts say. The shrinking labor force and the globalization of certain industries, along with other, unpredictable events, will have more of an impact on the economy in the long run than, say, the president’s proposals for energy or small business lending, says Eugene Steuerle, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute, a think tank in Washington D.C. “There are a lot of economic forces that are basically outside of their control,” he says. One example: As more baby boomers retire and the workforce potentially shrinks — a trend the president can do little to change — output is likely to decrease and government spending on health-care programs for seniors will probably go up. Together, that could drag down the U.S. economy, says Steuerle. That’s not to say a president’s policies don’t have some influence over short-term economic trends. By pushing for temporary tax breaks, extending unemployment benefits, propping up struggling corporations and using other stimulus measures, economists say presidents can stop some economic strains from worsening. This story has been updated; it originally ran on May 29, 2012. 2. “It’s getting more expensive to win you over.” It used to be that candidates kept their campaign spending to a minimum in order to qualify for matching public funds from the federal government. To get matching funds, candidates have to stick to a 2012 national spending limit of about $45.6 million in the primaries and $91.2 million in the general election. They may also spend no more than $50,000 of their own money in each phase. Click to Play Whichever Election Outcome, Taxes Likely to Rise No matter who wins Tuesday's presidential election, here's a good political bet: taxes on investment income are likely going up, at least for higher-income households. Photo: Bloomberg News. But starting in 1996, when candidate Steve Forbes refused to take public funds in order to use more of his own money than the limit allowed, more candidates have stopped taking matching funds out of fear of being outspent by an opponent. In 2008, President Barack Obama became the first candidate to refuse public funds for the general election. He went on to raise about $750 million for the primaries and the general election combined. “I don’t think we’re going to go back to a time when candidates accept those general election rules,” says Nathan Gonzales, deputy editor of the Rothenberg Political Report, a non-partisan newsletter covering campaigns and elections. “It seems likely that one side will exceed those and the other side won’t want to be hamstrung.” As of late October, President Obama had raised $632 million and Mitt Romney had collected $389 million, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Compare that with 1996, when Bill Clinton and Bob Dole faced off with a budget of about $35 million each. Candidates are courting wealthy supporters and small donors alike. This election, 34% of President Obama’s total came from people who gave $200 or less, compared with 18% for Romney, according to the center. That said, donors — big and small — are supporting presidential candidates on their own accord, Gonzales points out: “No one is forced to give.” A spokeswoman for Mitt Romney declined to comment for this article. Reps for President Obama did not return calls seeking comment. 3. “You can’t skip the campaign commercials.” Television ads are still the most popular way of getting a message out to voters, but as more people zoom past commercials by using their DVR, or stream their favorite shows online, candidates have had to get more creative. As a result, presidential hopefuls are increasingly turning to online tracking tools, social networking sites and online video to target specific demographic groups for votes and donations. “Candidates are using social media in ways they never have before,” says William Rosenberg, a political science professor at Drexel University For instance, both parties are using online search ads, which analyze a person’s Web browser history, to determine if they are likely to vote Republican or Democrat. Then, they hit up their most likely voters for money, says Rosenberg. Candidates are increasingly using social media sites like Facebook and Twitter to ask for donations, energize supporters and announce campaign events. Indeed, spending on Internet media is taking off: Obama’s reelection campaign spending on social media, online advertising and website maintenance totaled $53.7 million by mid-October. That’s nearly three times the amount he had spent by the same time in the 2008 election, according to the Center for Responsive Politics. Romney has spent $15.1 million, compared with the $4.6 million John McCain used up by this time back in 2008. Separately, the Obama Victory fund, which fundraises for the Obama Campaign, the Democratic National Committee and state Democratic parties, spent $26.8 million on online fundraising, and the Romney Victory fund has spent $21 million on the same category, according to the center. “You have to get more creative in order to cut through the clutter,” says Paul Winn, political director at Smart Media Group, a Republican political ad-buying firm. Candidates are still using one traditional method to court voters and donors — the telephone. The Do Not Call Registry does not apply to political candidates so expect plenty of robocalls and solicitations for donations. Annoyed voters can register their landlines and cell phones with the National Political Do Not Contact Registry at StopPoliticalcalls.org. 4. “This job is going to make me rich — one day.” For many presidents, taking the oath of office has also meant taking a pay cut. (President Obama currently makes less than most of his cabinet members, according to the Center for Responsive Politics.) But the big payoff comes after the Oval Office. Former presidents dating back to Ulysses S. Grant have used their presidential credentials to publish memoirs and land speaking gigs, but the potential payout has skyrocketed in recent years, says Barbara Perry, a senior fellow with the Miller Center at the University of Virginia, a nonpartisan institute that studies the presidency. “It has really become a money making profession,” she says. Bill Clinton, for instance, received a $15 million advance within months of leaving the presidency for his memoir “My Life.” And Ronald Reagan accepted a $2 million fee to speak in Japan after he left office. Even losing candidates can cash in after the campaign is over, with book deals and other public events. After her vice presidential run, Sarah Palin’s memoir “Going Rogue” was a top seller. She also landed a reality TV show on TLC. To be sure, some ex-presidents use their clout and newfound free time to do some good as well. Clinton worked with George H.W. Bush to support the communities impacted by the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean and joined forces with George W. Bush to start a fund for the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. The George W. Bush Institute focuses on education reform, global health and boosting economic growth. The Clinton Foundation works to increase the availability of HIV/AIDS treatments worldwide, fight climate change and support poor communities. Jimmy Carter, perhaps the most productive ex-president, went on to create the Carter Presidential Center, a foundation devoted to democracy, human rights conflict resolution and the eradication of disease in impoverished nations. 5. “I will raise taxes.” George H.W. Bush famously proclaimed, “Read my lips: No new taxes,” to a cheering crowd during his acceptance speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention. But the catchy line backfired. Four years later during Bush’s re-election campaign, his challenger, then governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton, attacked Bush for having gone back on his word. Experts say most presidents since Jimmy Carter have raised taxes in one way or another. Today, with the large budget deficit looming, a candidate hoping to roll out any new programs will have to either raise taxes or cut spending in other areas, say analysts. That said, admitting that you’re going to raise taxes if elected is close to political suicide for a presidential candidate, says experts. Just ask former vice president Walter Mondale, who made the following honest declaration when he was challenging then President Ronald Reagan in 1984: “Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won’t tell you. I just did.”His statement wasn’t the only reason Mondale lost in a landslide but it was likely a contributing factor, says Barbara Perry, a senior fellow with the Miller Center at the University of Virginia, a nonpartisan institute that studies the presidency. “He went down to a resounding defeat.” 6. “I can’t really cut the deficit.” With the U.S. Treasury expected to reach the $16.4 trillion debt limit by year end, presidential candidates are touting their ideas for cutting spending and reducing the deficit. But economists say current circumstances make it very difficult for presidents to successfully cut federal debt, especially because raising taxes is a campaign killer. President Obama is projecting increased spending of about $1 trillion over the next decade, mostly due to Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and interest on federal debt, says Eugene Steuerle, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute, a think tank in Washington D.C. When the economy is growing, presidents tend to have the benefit of stronger revenues because more people are working, earning higher wages and paying taxes. But as government commitments have grown, presidents have much less flexibility in their budgets, say experts. Add on to that the challenge of trying to restore some budgetary balance after the recession, says Steuerle. “Spending automatically grows faster than revenues,” he says. “Now, to do anything new, presidents have to pay for it.” That often means having to cut back on public programs or raise taxes, but presidents often face huge backlash from voters when they try to make those types of changes, the way President George H.W. Bush did when he broke his no new taxes promise. Three years later, President Bill Clinton passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, which drew controversy for raising taxes on Social Security benefits and corporate income, among other changes. Of course, a pickup in economic growth could work in the president’s favor by increasing tax revenue, says Steuerle, but “there’s no escape from hard choices.” 7. “I’ll boost stocks — of my contributors’ companies.” The next president may have an influence on your investment portfolio: Companies that make contributions to the winning candidate, along with those that benefit from the candidate’s policies, tend to outperform the market in the years following the election, according to experts. A study published last November by the University of Innsbruck in Austria found American companies that made the majority of their contributions to the winner of a U.S. presidential election posted stronger gains in stock performance in the two years after an election than firms that didn’t contribute. An investor with a hypothetical portfolio of the 30 companies that made a bigger percentage of their campaign contributions to the winner from 1992 to 2004 would have outperformed the SP 500 by an average 6.6% during the first year after an election, the study found. The trend also held true for the 2008 election, when the 10 publicly traded companies whose employees gave more to Obama than John McCain outperformed the SP 500 by an average of 17.6 percentage points in 2009. (See: Stock tips from Obama and Romney .) The data shows that a president’s policies, including the annual budget, his stance on defense and his regulation of trade and the environment, can impact a company’s performance, says Jürgen Huber, one of the researchers who worked on the Innsbruck study. For example, oil companies were likely helped by President Bush’s decision not to sign the Kyoto Protocol, which commits countries to stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions, or by his decision to allow drilling in new parts of Alaska, says Huber. Clinton, who prioritized expanding computer and Internet access, received strong support from telecommunications companies. Candidates aren’t being “bought” by the contributors, says Huber. Rather, it’s a sign that companies tend to support the candidates they think will benefit them. And many large corporations regularly contribute equally to both candidates during presidential elections, he adds. 8. “Don’t believe the polls.” Polls are the lifeblood of a presidential race. Candidates use them to show they’ve got the edge and drum up support from voters and donors. But experts say voters should be careful not to pay too much mind to any single poll. Differences in the ways pollsters choose their samples, pose their questions and analyze their results can yield very different results. On the Sunday before the Nov. 6 election, a poll from Pew Research showed Obama ahead by three points while a poll by CNN and Opinion Research showed the candidates are tied. Pollsters, which often cite the opinions of “likely voters,” have different methodologies for selecting those voters, says Rosenberg. Some look at all adults, others winnow the pool by looking only at registered voters, and others get even more narrow by looking only at “likely” voters. Pollsters also use different methodologies for reaching voters. For instance, some companies leave cell phone-only households out of their samples. Variations in wording in questions regarding policy can also lead to different results, says Gonzales. A look at state results versus national polls may also paint a different picture. With the majority of states already prone to supporting one party or the other, people trying to predict the final outcome might be better served by focusing on the dozen or so swing states around the country, says Gonzales. “This is a state by state contest,” he says. As the election proceeds, voters might be able to tune out some of the noise by following the general trend shown by all of the major polls instead of reading too much into each individual poll, he explains. Frank Newport, editor in chief for Gallup, says poll results are likely to vary in different regions based on sampling and margin of error, and that Gallup tries to reduce variation by using large sample sizes. 9. “My campaign platform will go out the White House window.” President Obama surprised some voters and analysts when he came out in support of same-sex marriage in May. Many wondered if it would hurt or help his reelection campaign. But experts say it may simply not matter. The issues the public focuses on change during the course of the election, says Gonzales. For example, after Romney chose his running mate, voters focused on Paul Ryan’s credentials and how the candidates could impact Social Security and Medicare. Once the next president is elected, it’s also unlikely the issues he pushed during his campaign will be the same ones that mark his coming four-year tenure, analysts say. “There are going to be a lot of things that are very important that we have no ability to predict,” says Rosenberg. He points to President George W. Bush, who never mentioned terrorism when he ran in 2000 but whose tenure was largely defined by the Sept. 11 attacks and the subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Of course, most of these pivotal events are unpredictable, making it impossible for candidates to campaign accordingly, says Gonzales. 10. “I’ll leave it to my successor to save Social Security.” Candidates often make their ideas on how to revamp Social Security a part of their stump speech on the campaign trail, but those ideas have rarely translated to changes once the person is put into office. Indeed, the last major change to the Social Security program was in 1983, when lawmakers gradually increased the full retirement age from 65 to 67 for people born in or after 1938 says Virginia Reno, vice president for income security policy at the National Academy of Social Insurance, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization. The legislation also delayed cost of living adjustments and raised some taxes, but did not come up with a long term solution for increasing the tax revenue that goes into the program, says Reno. “Nothing has been done to beef it up a bit,” she says. Those changes reduced benefits for affected taxpayers by about 19%, estimates the NASI. The lack of action in recent history is partly because the nightmare scenario for the program — the moment when the Social Security trust fund will be exhausted — is decades away, says Reno. Under the current system, the program should have enough funds to cover benefits through 2033, according to the Social Security Administration. After that, tax income will be sufficient to pay about 75% of scheduled benefits through 2086. The issue is becoming more urgent as baby boomers enter retirement and the number of retirees grows at a faster pace than the number of workers, but critics say real changes may not happen until the funding shortages feel more immediate. Presidents have also been unwilling to tackle Social Security out of fear of losing support from older voters, who resist major changes to the program as they approach retirement. “Both parties are reluctant to take on the issue,” says Gonzales. “The minute one party proposes changes to Social Security the other party will immediately attack.”
看一段《美丽心灵》，其中Nash说"i do believe in assigning value to things"。 突然想到，各银行的所谓“纸黄金”（“账户贵金属”或其他名号），就是这样的东西。 本质是赌博。 定义： 纸黄金是一种个人凭证式黄金，投资者按银行报价在账面上买卖“虚拟”黄金，个人通过把握国际金价走势低吸高抛，赚取差价。投资者的买卖交易记录只在个人黄金存折账户上体现，不发生实物金提取和交割。 换言之，就是赌博： 你除了低买高卖外，不可能有任何其它形式的盈利方式。 而现在没有真正的预测技术，大家都只能“猜测”下一时刻的价格——和赌徒一样。 所有的钱只在这个圈子里面流动，没有走向整个社会。 所有人的买卖，都不能产生实际的物品流通或者物品增值。 唯一永远获利的，是银行本身——开赌场者，因为 买卖双方都需要交手续费。
Yet, all things considered, I remain sympathetic to Merton’s view that there exists ‘a distinctive pattern of institutional control of a wide range of motives which characterizes the behavior of scientists’ and I am happy to live with the ‘noble fiction’ – Plato’s idea of the useful lie – since the alternative to accepting that there are commonly held imperatives which guide the actions of scientists and scholars is rampant relativism and, ultimately, epistemological anarchy. 最后一行is的主语是哪一个？
Being an individual contains so many aspects. Russell bowed to his inner heart cause he had such a noble inside, Kant said there were only two things would fill an individual's heart, the starry heavens above us and the moral law within each of us. Maybe, here is the gap, assuming that every noble spirit has an higher moral standard, the moral standard can not be formed like some kind of formula, even sadly impossible to calculate. Maybe the world is flat but never inside of individuals. Sometimes that would be discussed as unfairness or failure of the Gods. Because noble looses all the time. Fight for what? or live for what? It's a question frequently asked, discussed and reviewed by philosophers. Ones lived on the edge of poverty, they would not have this problem , 'cause them are busy fighting for life for living for material support . Russell,Kant and the ones who live with no chance of starvation, be cherished with that. I have been seeing a dirty world, where the Chinese researchers trying their best to get funding, then get their wallet filled, one will morally mark these researchers as cheap, lazy, low or even worse words. If those ones who make those comments from the top, just looking around the world, that simply shows how the world has become, not only crowed, also over exaggerated. I love the song from Eason, so called 'Fukua' very much, the song describes one is willing to be a clown if there will be eyes on him. It seems to be crazy, but truth is this is how most researchers in China lives like. Stay silent means stay poor, and as poverty become the highest ranked enemy of the society, higher than even unfair, cheating... Why still someone question even criticize that researchers should stay silent. Doing research is never being foolish.
Set Fire To The Rain I let it fall, my heart, And as it fell you rose to claim it It was dark and I was over Until you kissed my lips and you saved me My hands, they're strong But my knees were far too weak To stand in your arms Without falling to your feet But there's a side to you That I never knew, never knew. All the things you'd say They were never true, never true, And the games you play You would always win, always win. But I set fire to the rain, Watched it pour as I touched your face, Well, it burned while I cried 'Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name! When I lay with you I could stay there Close my eyes Feel you here forever You and me together Nothing gets better 'Cause there's a side to you That I never knew, never knew, All the things you'd say, They were never true, never true, And the games you play You would always win, always win. But I set fire to the rain, Watched it pour as I touched your face, Well, it burned while I cried 'Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name! I set fire to the rain And I threw us into the flames Well, it felt something died 'Cause I knew that there was the last time, the last time! Sometimes I wake up by the door, That heart you caught must be waiting for you Even now when we're already over I can't help myself from looking for you. I set fire to the rain, Watched it pour as I touched your face, Well, it burned while I cried 'Cause I heard it screaming out your name, your name I set fire to the rain, And I threw us into the flames Well, it felt something died 'Cause I knew that there was the last time, the last time, oh, oh! Let it burn Let it burn Let it burn
Vendor Listing Much of this list is taken from the Doyle group vendor list Here are some vendors we've found over the years for various things: Buyers guides Physics Today Buyers Guide CERN Courier Buyer's Guide ThomasNet - Extensive vendor search engine Parts Permanent Magnets KJ Magnetics Amazing Magnets Dura Magnets Storch Magnetics Electron Energy Shin-Etsu MCE ACH Magnetics Dexter Magnetic Technologies Magnet Wire MicroDyne SW Wire Putnam Plastics - Will e.g. kapton-insulate custom wires Cooner Wire MWS Wire Industries - Microsquare wire Radiation equipment Atlantic Nuclear - radiation safety: shielding, radiation meters, dosimetry Ludlum Measurements - exhaustive assortment of survey meters Canberra - radiation measurement and safety supplies, including radioisotope samples Hardware/Machining Supplies/Fasteners McMaster MSC - When McMaster just won't do Small Parts Small and/or obscure parts RAM mounts - Mounts for scopes and other instruments. Vlier - Screws with Springs inside and more. SunSource Local 80/20 supplier. Fiero Fluid Power Local 80/20 supplier. Air Incorporated - 80/20 supplier. Phone: 800-341-2800. Best to have the cut numbers and location codes (from an 80/20 catalog) ready for any anchor fastener counterboring, etc., before you call. Amazing Magnets - Permanent magnets KJ Magnetics - Large selection of rare-earth magnets. Olander - Helicoils, including phosphor bronze and other specialty materials. Before ordering, it helps to have a part number from a helicoil manufacturer , such as http://www.chrislynninserts.com/helicalpages/AMERbulkQTY.htm Chrislynn Inserts or Emhart Teknologies . If you need non-magnetic helicoils quickly, MSC sells titanium helicoils in many common sizes. Solon Manufacturing Belleville spring washers in specialty materials, including phosphor bronze United Titanium Titanium fasteners Mutual screw Brass (C260) and silicon bronze fasteners ET Fasteners PEEK screws and other exotic plastics. Can even get them vented! Razor Blades Cadence Inc. , formerly Specialty Blades, has a large selection of razor blades in all shapes and materials. Glassware Chemglass Things like glassware with vacuum-grade threads. Sigma-Aldrich Fittings Swagelok Maryland Metrics Where you get the dumb Serto fittings for Sirah lasers. Materials Vibration Isolation http://www.earsc.com/ EAR Specialty Composites =⇒ Jan's smelly Blue Stuff = #6309-0026 Ablation target preparation and testing Applied Test Systems - high-end materials testing and furnaces Futek - Load cells and other sensors MTI Corporation - relatively inexpensive materials science research supplies (furnaces, temp. controllers, crucibles, gloveboxes, benchtop presses, diamond blade saws, ball mills, nanopowders…); equipment seems generally reliable, but technical support is of little help. Renco Corporation - sells glovebox gloves Thermo Scientific - general lab supplies, including furnaces Chemicals and materials Alfa aesar - chemical supplier American Elements – pretty much the whole periodic table, but don't get too excited - they don't carry a lot of what they list. Plasmaterials Process Materials Refrac systems - Diffusion bonding, hot-pressing MP Biomedicals - Cheapest thorium metal powder ever, while supplies last… Fisher Scientific Sigma Aldrich Strem Chemical Spectrum Chemical VWR Pfaltz and Bauer Ceramics See also: Chemicals_and_materials McMaster Cercom Ceramics CoorsTek ceramic tubes etc. Kyocera - expensive Marketech - will do almost anything, but take ~1 week to send quotes Orton Ceramics - supplier for hobby or industrial ceramic making, carries pyrometric cones Progressive Technology - ceramic tubes etc. Stratamet - will do small custom jobs. Talk to Mark Wesson. Tell him Sarah (Bickman, ex-DeMille group) sent you. Zircar Zirconia - refractory ceramics in various forms, mainly alumina and zirconia; also some furnaces Technical Products - Large selection of ceramics and plastics. Great selection of Macor. Astro Met Morgan Technical Ceramics Cadence Inc. , formerly Specialty Blades, has a large selection of fancy razor blades, including ceramics. Piezo Crystals Polytec PI, aka Physike Instrumente Piezo Systems Metals See also: Chemicals_and_materials ESPI - expensive, but has everything Goodfellow Rembar - Good for Tantalum, Tungsten etc Hagstoz - Gold and precious metals, usually cheap Refining Systems - Gold and precious metals Hauser and Miller - Even cheaper gold and precious metals Allfoils - “UHV Aluminum Foil” Sophisticated alloys Parker Steel - Metric metals (not just steel). Tell Gary Bartlett that Stan sent you. Copper.org Data on copper alloy compositions Copper and brass sales - THE copper and brass supplier. Doesn't always sell small quantities. Ask for Jeremy Jennings, First.last@thyssenkrupp.com Sequoia Copper and Brass - Cheap copper and brass. Sells small quantities at reasonable prices, but might take a while. Online Metals - Good selection, fast shipping, reasonable prices on most things. DO NOT BUY COPPER HERE… the price is inflated by a factor of 2-3 compared to Sequoia or Copper and Brass. McMaster - Good selection, reasonable prices. Don't buy if you really need a specific alloy of a metal, since they never provide any sort of material certification. Brunner Enterprises - Good source for anodized aluminum. Turner Steel - Steel Ed Fagan - Invar, Molybdenum, Tungsten, Tantalum, Nickel Admiral Metals - Aluminum, S.S., brass, beryllium, copper Yarde Metals - Large diameter tubes Tube Service - Large diameter tubes T.W. Metals - Tubing, aluminum, stainless, nickel Permendur Arnold Magnetics More than Metals Eagle Alloys - also does inconel and monel Goodfellow CarTech Plastics and Composites McMaster Technical Products - Large selection of ceramics and plastics. K-Mac Plastics Curbell Plastics Patriot Plastics Adhesives K. R. Anderson Ellsworth Optics Essentials Thorlabs CVI New Focus Newport - Excellent damage threshold for price Alpine Research Optics - Harmonic separators other optics w/ great specs and low prices. Speak with Mike Ellison. Casix - dirt cheap, long lead times? conoptics - Isolators Edmund optics Optosigma - windows Esco Products -unusually fast and inexpensive for custom optics jobs, proven reliable. Also good selection of stock optics, 'especially cheap windows, lenses, etc' Precision applied products - windows, coatings, lenses, mirrors. Specialty Fiberoptic Systems - Custom fiber optic bundles, including high vacuum, non-ferrous, high NA. Great prices. Rocky Mountain Instruments - custom coatings, custom lenses, UV specialists, fast service Research Electro Optics - High end optics Advanced Thin Films - custom jobs Tower Optical - waveplates EO tech - Isolators PI action - CCD cameras Semrock - Filters + MaxMirror Intor - cheap interference filters Uniblitz - shutters Andover - colored glass filters Omega - stock + custom interference filters Coherent - Tell them you want the 'Family Discount' Get 20% Off all laser measurement products. OFR - fiber optics and isolators Technical Glass - Quartz rods, discs, tubes, etc. NEOS - AOMs Intraaction - AOMs St. Gobain Crystals - custom crystalline optics Standa - mostly optomechanics Expla - laser systems, OPOs, some components Optometrics - diffraction gratings Argyle Optics - custom stuff might be cheap but standard optics are also custom made = expensive Vere Optics lab accessories Tempotec - Chinese Company…like Casix or casix affiliate? Mightex - CCD cameras Siskiyou - Unusual optomechanics: top-drive flexures stages, etc. Optical fiber fault checker Laser Components - Both custom and stocked cavity mirrors Photonic Cleaning Optics cleaning supplies for astronomy, including 'First Contact' goop. Nihon Tokushu Kogaku Jushi Fresnel lenses up to f/0.2 Fresnel Tech Custom and specialty Fresnel lenses Custom Scientific Flats, windows, fibers and coatings. They made the EDM field plates: 18” x 8”, 5 lambda flat with conducting AR coatings. Thin Film Labs Custom AR coating, other kinds of wacky coatings, *extremely fast* turnaround. Yale recommended. LayerTec Cheap yet good quality cavity mirrors EO Space Fiber phase modulators, with V_pi as low as ~ 5 V ! NSG America all-glass GRIN fiber collimators Apogee Instruments Low-noise CCD cameras Electrophysics Objective lenses for C-mount cameras/imagers Fiber Optics Store - Various fiber optics supplies. Sells ] for cheap, which are very useful for aligning coupling/collimating lenses. Laser Diodes Sacher Eagleyard - AR coated laser diodes Roither Lasertechnik - Laser diodes, LEDs, Optics, Toptica - Lasers, AR Coated Diodes Intelite/Meshtel - Non-AR Coated Diodes, Sacher gets some of their diodes here before AR Coating Power Technology - Single Mode Diodes, TAs, DFBs and more m2K - Tapered Amplifiers and More FLT Laser - Huge selection including DFBs from many suppliers in addition to their own line Nanoplus - DFBs RPMCLasers - Single Mode diodes and more, not AR Intenseco - I think only Multimode / Broad Area qPhotonics - Single Mode Laser diodes and more. 895-915 nm and 1050-1080 nm diodes are offered with AR coating (for $300-400) Opnext - Make a lot of Non-AR coated diodes Axcel Photonics - Common NIR Laser Diodes Lab351 - Russian Laser Diode Company Wavelength Electronics - Cheap and convenient current temperature controllers. Oclaro (formerly Bookham) - High power (600mW) 980nm pump laser modules, fiber coupled. EM4, Inc. - High power (600mW) 980nm pump laser modules, fiber coupled. Photonic Products - distributor for Opnext, Ondax, Sony and SANYO ILX Lightwave Axcel Photonics Near/Mid-IR Lasers Optics Lohn Star Optics IGP Photonics LTW Lasers AcuLight Laser Dye Exciton PMT Hamamatsu PMT contact Rich at (908) 252-7728 Fax: (732) 537-3678 Optical detectors, PMTs Electron Tubes Burle Hamamatsu RoentDek - Makes MCPs and readout electronics DelMar Photonics - MCP Beam Imaging - MCP directly coupled to a camera through a fiberoptic rod. Primer on MCPs (broken link) Coatings, deposition AIMCAL - Assoc. of Metallizers, Coaters Laminators FAQ (broken link) Spectrum coatings Helia Photonics - Ion-assisted deposition Ionedge - Ion-assisted deposition Thin Films Inc. - Sputtering, Evaporation, Lithography - flexible small shop Thin Film Labs - specialize in optical component coatings Koral Labs - thin film deposition + vacuum furnace stuff IJ Research - ceramics, deposition, lithography - flexible, associated with USCB, IIRC Sophisticated alloys - deposition targets, but “we don't do coatings” Process Materials (broken link) Sputtering target suppliers Sputtering Materials Inc Electroplating Paramount Metal Finishing - Rack Electroplating - reasonable prices http://www.amzmfg.com/index.asp AMZ Manufacturing - High quality electroplating Metal Finishing Technologies - Various plating services Epner Technology - Fancy gold electroplating - expensive, high-tech Diamond-Turned Optics II-VI Infrared - good CO2 optics; possibly worst url ever Corning NetOptix - used to be OFC Diamond Turning Kugler - German precision optics company, ja Kaleido Technology - in Denmark Electronics Essentials Mouser Electronics Digikey Online Components Analog Devices Apex Microtechnologies - High Voltage/Power Op-Amps Lansing Instruments - Really Nice Enclosures Emco High Voltage - DC-DC Converters Allied Electronics L-Com - Cheap connectors/adaptors Powell Electronics - Hard to find/out of stock stuff Meritronics - Board Assembly Pasternack - Quality BNC cables Acopian - Supreme power supplies Krohn-Hite Ultra-precise DC sources other precision stuff Phoenix of Chicago Good selection of connectors. Non-magnetic D-sub connectors. FCT Non-magnetic connectors of all sorts. Souriau Non-magnetic D-sub connectors with crimp contacts. Proto-advantage SMT to DIP adapters Newark Lots of things, including hearing-aid microphones for supersonic beam characterization. Flex Cable Water-cooled cables. Sensors Micromagnetics Magnetoresistance-based B-field sensors Honeywell Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) magnetic sensors. Noise is 1 uG/rt-Hz @ 10 Hz. ~20$ each. Vacuum Manuals from lots of companies for lots of old pumps controllers Essentials LDS Vacuum Shopper - fast + cheap. 'This should be your first stop for vacuum stuff!' Duniway stockroom Cheap, good selection of used vacuum equipment Huntington Kurt J. Lesker MDC A N Corp - Feedthroughs, flanges etc. Specialty InstruTech - Makes compact, digital convectron and ion gauges at good prices. AVS Technical Resources - Useful calculator for conversion factors, pump/gauge ranges Varian High quality dry scroll and turbo pumps at competitive prices. Now owned by Agilent. Edwards Turbo and dry scroll pumps. Scrolls are quieter than Varian and often cheaper; also have a chemical-resistant model. Precision Cryo Ask for Dick Gummer. They made the EDM beam source chamber. Kimball physics - special (cool) chambers Sharon - custom chambers Key High vacuum generators Best quality UHV all-metal valves. Insulator Seal - Feedthroughs. Owned by MDC. Apiezon Greases and Waxes EVAC Vacuum - Unique! Standard QF/ISO hardware, but made out of glass(!), aluminum, etc. accuglass products - Unusually nice selection of feedthroughs, in-vacuum electrical connectors, hardware, etc. Prices better than Lesker. Also have in-vacuum RF/microwave parts. MPF Products - Similar to accuglass for electrical feedthroughs, but also has nice selection of viewports Atlas UHV - UHV grade welded aluminum vacuum chambers. Made the EDM interaction chamber. Heating Tapes Minco heaters Foil heaters with kapton copper, non-magnetic All Foils UHV clean aluminum foil Pfeiffer Vacuum Cryogenics Cryodepot Cryofab Janis Lakeshore Cryotronics Oxford Instruments Cryomech - Pulse tube coolers. Calgon Carbon - Activated charcoal for Sorbs discountcryo - Great selection of cryo accessories, including small hand dewars. Metalized Products - Superinsulation (NRC-2) Gases and Flow Control MKS Instruments - Flow controllers. Laminar Technologies - Sells used MKS flow controllers. The Harvard cleanroom manager (Noah Clay) claims that used flow controllers are better (since they are screened for infant death), and of course they are cheaper. Alicat Scientific - Better flow controllers than MKS (in particular, they do their own temperature correction). Have ultra-low-flow models. Generally not suitable for corrosives. RF/Microwave Essentials Mini-Circuits Everything. Dudley Lab Used amplifiers, test equipment, etc. Stealth Amplifiers. Empower RF Amplifiers. Ophir Amplifiers. Quasi-Optical Photonics Innovation Center Thomas Keating Ltd mm-wave Microwave Components Quinstar - Large selection of waveguide and coax, ask for Sage Kuno Miteq - Largest supplier (and stock) but more expensive Penn Engineering - Raw waveguide stock, flanges Atwall - Raw waveguide stock, flanges UBS - Raw waveguide stock, flanges Actuators and Motion Control Newmark Systems Arrick Robotics Parker Hannfin Motion Control Cyber Research Motion Control Techno Linear Motion Systems Velmex Low cost, large travel motorized stages Aerotech - Precision stages Noliac - Large selection of piezos, including rings Micromechatronics - Re-seller for Noliac, other piezos.
文/杨书卷 “万能”于人，有着不可抵挡的诱惑之力，因为它代表着一张可以轻而易举地穿越各种迷宫的“通行证”。近日，科学家们就为机器翻译找到了这样一种“万能”工具：它不但能翻译各种语言，甚至能破译海豚音和“外星人语言”！ 近10年来，机器翻译的能力一路突飞猛进，但是许多缺陷依然存在。尤其是，当是同一个系统的语言比如英语和法语时，因规则相近而较好翻译，但不同的语言系统就会遭遇更多的准确性困难，例如英文与中文。“The buck does funny things when the does are present”，参考的正确译文应是“当母鹿在场时，公鹿总是表现得滑稽”，但著名的谷歌网站的机器译文却是令人崩溃的“并不奇怪的事情降压时不在场”。 而且，现代机器翻译的基础是“自我学习”，得有大海一样的文本材料供其“反复练习”。但是世界上有4000种语言，大部分语言是不常用的，没有那么多的学习文本，又如何翻译这样的语言呢？ 6月19日在美国俄勒冈举行的计算机语言学年会上，美国南加州大学的计算机科学家Ravi独辟蹊径，提交了一种全新的机器翻译方法：“解码外语”。他把英语视为一种初始语言，利用军事中的密码学，通过规则解码破译，按照一定的算法进行转换，并通过不断调整，得出最佳的翻译结果。由于计算机的翻译是“解码过程”而非“自我学习过程”，计算机不需要背负大量的文本资料来“学习语言”，而是像军事家一样“破译”一种新的语言，因此翻译过程是轻装上阵，更加干净利落。 特别是，“解码外语”可以将其运用到任何一种语言中，给机器翻译打开了一条新的思路。因为不需要任何既有的文本为基础，这种翻译方法还可以对非人类的动物语言如“海豚音”进行翻译，甚至可以对我们至今闻所未闻的“外星人语言”进行破译，虽然这种翻译方法目前只能翻译一些短句，尚未运用到长句或片段翻译中，但它所开辟的“万能”翻译之路就已经令人兴奋不已了（6月27日《新京报》）。 而被称为“万能细胞”的诱导多功能干细胞（iPS），也正行进在“自我证明”的路途中。 2007年，日本东京大学的科学家山中伸弥首次利用病毒载体将4个转录因子（也合称为“山中基因”）的组合转入体细胞中，得到了类似胚胎干细胞的一种细胞类型——诱导多功能干细胞iPS，使其可以变成任何类型细胞的“万能细胞”，在干细胞研究领域激起了巨大波澜，之后，iPS的发展就是一路高歌，相关研究层出不穷。但最近数月以来，iPS的发展却遭遇不和谐之音：iPS细胞重组的效率可能很低，或许还会诱发基因变异，尤其是培育各种细胞或组织时，癌变几率较高，其安全性能受到质疑。 令人欣慰的是，一则好消息开始传来，山中伸弥教授领导的研究团队的五岛直树研究员与前川桃子助教找到了一种名为G-isI的新基因，与山中教授自己发现的4个基因结合，可以使万能细胞的安全性大为提高。 iPS之所以“不安全”，就是在细胞转化为“万能细胞”的过程中，同时会有一些难以分离的“缺陷细胞”生成，这些“缺陷细胞”就是最后演变为“癌细胞”的罪魁祸首。这次从1437种基因里发现的活跃在未受精卵中的G-isI基因，可作用于尚未成为万能细胞的“缺陷细胞”，有效防止其增殖并置其于死地，由此可避开癌变的风险。 山中教授将G-isI的基因称为“魔术基因”，用它与其他4个基因一起制作iPS细胞不仅可剔除缺陷细胞，制作效率也比以前提高了4倍到10倍，至于转入基因所用病毒还存在诱发癌变的风险问题，研究人员将继续寻找替代办法来解决（6月7日Nature杂志）。 虽然没有人怀疑iPS拥有的转化为各类细胞的“万能潜力”，但是，由于各种困难的出现，科学界最初怀抱的对iPS过于“狂热”的情绪现在已开始慢慢降温。不过，这对于万能细胞的研究也许是个好事：因为问题的浮现正是研究已达到某种成熟阶段的标志。 无独有偶，英美两国的研究人员在征服癌症的道路上，也正在开发出一种可用于治疗多种癌症的“万能”疫苗。 这种“万能疫苗”不是像其它抗癌药物一样攻击癌症细胞，而是一种利用人体防御功能阻止肿瘤生长的新型药物。与传统疫苗不同，治疗性疫苗含有可以刺激免疫系统生成蛋白质抗原的基因，能激活免疫系统从而杀死癌细胞，而且免疫系统可以“自行选择”癌症抗原来作出响应，而不会排斥肌体中的其他健康部位，可作用于多种类型的癌症。此外，更让人欣慰的是，这个“新发明”还不会像其它癌症药物一样导致副作用，例如头晕和掉头发，这对备受癌症治疗煎熬的病人实在是个利好的消息。 虽然在早期试验中，实验性疫苗已经可以使患有前列腺癌的老鼠的肿瘤缩小，但这项研究尚处于初级阶段，还需要好几年时间才能研制出可用于人体试验的疫苗。不过，此项研究的领导者之一、英国利兹大学的Allen Melcher对未来充满 信心：“这是一种建立在充满希望的 基础之上的新方法。”（6月19日Nature Medicine 杂志） 在中国的传统语境中，“万能”意味着无所不能，而在科学方法中，“万能”其实代表着一种最普世、最简单、最直接的解决方式。不过，要达到这一“最简单”的目标，寻解过程反而也许是最不简单的。例如，在诱导多功能干细胞iPS刚出现时，人们就认为诱导多功能干细胞很容易制造，并且无所不能，可以治疗所有疾病，但现在的研究表明，事情的发展从来没有那么简单，相关的研究才是“刚刚开始”。■
Internet of things----one of the top 10 predicted technology （罗汉江） Cisco chief futurist Dave Evans said that the Internet of Things is one of the fundamental technologies will really change and influence how people work, play and learn in the next decade. According to Evans, " The World Wide Web has arguably gone through four distinct changes in its nearly 20-year history, but the Internet has remained fundamentally the same since the early days. Technologies have changed, standards have come and gone, but the Internet really hasn’t evolved at its base level since the days when it was usedin the academiaand government ". The Internet of things alsocalled WuLianWang (物联网) in Chinesewhich means a new internet structurewith more sensors that willhelp us creating a more smarter world around us. It is also featured with more smart sensors which make the internet more proactive and less reactive. " The world has hit a point where there are more devices connecting to the Internet than people doing so ". Andthose sensors generate data automatically without our interference which make the real-time monitoring of things a reality in our life. Dave Evans also said that our internet is becoming more mobile than before because we use more mobile sets now with internet connection ability such as wifior 3G. Reference： 《 Cisco chief futurist: The Internet of Things is here 》 http://www.channelbuzz.ca/2011/05/cisco-chief-futurist-the-internet-of-things-is-here-1887/
Opinion: 6 impossible things Why biomedical research is stressful, and how it can be slightly less so By Douglas R. Green Top 7 in biochemistry A snapshot of the most highly ranked articles in the field, from Faculty of 1000 By Cristina Luiggi The coming health crisis Indirect effects of global climate change threaten the health of hundreds of millions of people. The very uncertainty that shrouds this issue must serve as an organizing principle for adaptation to its ill effects By Samuel S. Myers and Aaron Bernstein Three deadly sins of grant writing Tips for getting a positive gut reaction to your grant proposal By Morgan Giddings News in a nutshell Science funding boost; shark finning banned; animals dying in Arkansas By Megan Scudellari Mining bacterial small molecules As much as rainforests or deep-sea vents, the human gut holds rich stores of microbial chemicals that should be mined for their pharmacological potential By L. Caetano M. Antunes, Julian E. Davies and B. Brett Finlay Editor's choice in immunology Basophils play a role in immunological memory, not in the primary response to parasitic infection, as previously assumed By Richard P. Grant Top 5 papers in medicine, 2010 The year's most highly ranked articles in all of medicine, according to the Faculty of 1000 By Jef Akst New gut bacteria regulate immunity Another example of commensal microbes that affect host immunity may hold implications for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and other ailments By Jef Akst Ring in 2011 with a stem cell calendar Need a last minute gift? Try a calendar of stem cell scientists, which will also support the research By Cristina Luiggi Model organisms up close New research from the frontlines of the modENCODE Project reveals the most comprehensive genomic picture of the worm and the fruit fly By Cristina Luiggi African elephants: 2 for 1 deal Savanna and forest elephants in Africa are two distinct species, according to new genetic data, settling a long-standing controversy By Jef Akst Scientific smear campaign? An anonymous agitator upsets a German misconduct investigation By Megan Scudellari
1. Follow the time table 2. Try my best to more experiment 3.Finish the next paper in one month 4.Finish my doctoral dissertation innext two month 5.Improve my Chinese and English listen, oral, writting level 6. Exercise 7.Make a video CV 8. Keep on read papers 9. Save timeand refrainfromamusing myself on net.
标签: things
