• In addition to properly formatting their abstracts, international authors must also pay attention to the proper use of English writing conventions and grammar . 除了摘要的格式正确外,还要注意 正确使用英文写作习惯和语法 • Next we look at some actual case studies taken from edited abstracts. 案例研究 • “…complex adsorbed at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE)…” → “…complex adsorbed to a hangingmercury drop electrode (HMDE)…” EXPLANATION: first mention 首次提到 • “…linearly with the increment of the concentrations…” → “…linearly with increasing concentrations…” EXPLANATION: not concise 不简练 • “…not in … such as L-dopa, pinephrine ... pyrogallic acid (PA), and gallic acid (GA).” → “…not in … such as L-dopa, epinephrine ... pyrogallic acid (PA), or gallic acid (GA).” EXPLANATION: in a list, negative = “or”,positive = “and” 在列举时,否定的用“or”,肯定的用 “and” 未完待续 理文编辑预存得赠礼活动进行中 100万元的赠送金额和礼品等你拿
Think of each sentence as representing one of the following “codes” based on its function: 根据功能,每个句子分别代表以下 “代码” B = B ackground information 背景信息 P = Principal activity/ p urpose/scope/aims of study 主要活动/目的/范围/研究目标M = Information about m ethodology 方法 F = Main f indings/results 重要发现/结果 C = Main implications/ c onclusions of the work 重要意义/研究结论 S = S uggestions/recommendations 提示/建议 *Tip: B, P, M, F, China Science! Adapted from Weissburg and Buker (1994) Stimulus-induced oscillations in plant cell cytosolic free calcium. Ca 2+ is implicated as asecond messenger in the response of stomata to a range of stimuli. However, the mechanism by which stimulus-induced increases in guard cellcytosolic free Ca 2+ ( are transduced into different physiological responses remains to beexplained. Oscillations in may provide one way in which this canoccur. We used photometric and imaging techniques to examine this hypothesis inguard cells of Commelina communis. . External Ca 2+ ( e ),which causes an increase in , was used as a closing stimulus. The total increase in was directly related to the concentration of e , both of which correlated closely with thedegree of stomatal closure. Increases were oscillatory in nature, with the pattern of thdegree theoscillations being dependent on the concentration of e . At 0.1 mM, e inducedsymmetrical oscillations. In contrast, 1.0 mM e induced asymmetric oscillations. Oscillations were stimulus-dependent and modulated by changing e . Experiments usingCa 2+ channel blockers and Mn 2+ -quenching studies suggested a role for Ca 2+ influx during theoscillatory behavior without excluding the possible involvement of Ca 2+ release from intracellularstores. These data suggest a mechanism for encoding the information required to distinguishbetween a number of different Ca 2+ -mobilizing stimuli in guard cells, using stimulus-specificpatterns of oscillations in . 未完待续 100万元的赠送金额和礼品等你拿
Writing Science in English: Abstract Writing and Common Errors 科学写作:摘要撰写及常见错误 by Chad Walker Importance of Abstracts 摘要的重要性 Let reader decide whether to read further 让 读者决定是否继续阅读 Is the 1st part to be read , therefore it sets up positive or negative expectations for the remainder of the work 摘要是文章的 第一部分 ,关系着读者对全文的 印象好坏 Should encourage readers who decide the topic is relevant to read further 应当吸引读者 继续阅读正文 If poorly written, discourages reader from reading further 写的差的摘要会导致读者停止继续阅读 Should be aimed at both readers who will read the abstract only and those that will read the complete paper 摘要应当既能吸引 单纯的摘要读者 ,又能吸引 阅读全文的读者 Tips for Writing an Abstract 摘要写作技巧 Be clear and brief and try to avoid abbreviations. 简明扼要 , 避免使用缩写 Describe methods and results in the past tense. 方法 与 结果 部分使用 过去时 Discuss conclusions in the present tense ; avoid perfect tenses. 讨论 部分使用 现在时 ;避免使用完成时 State document contents in present tense. 文献内容 使用 现在时 The use of I and we is preferable in many journals to the third person and the passive. 使用 第一人称 ,而不使用第三人称和被动语态 Do not use synonyms e.g. if you use “housing” in one sentence, do not change it to “casing” in another. The reader may think you are discussing two different things. 不要使用同义词 ,否则读者会认为你在指两个不同的事物 The abstract should be u nderstandable when read separately from the paper (i.e., stand-alone ) 即使在没有阅读全文的情况下,摘要也可以作为一个 独立的部分 为读者所 读懂 未完待续 与中国作者携手的20余年, 理文编辑秉持专业精神尽心润色。 理文编辑愿意一直为您的论文语言保驾护航。 点击 领取300元优惠券
Compare这个动词后面可以接to或者with, 那么compare to 和compare with是不是可以互换呢?我们来看看它们到底有什么区别。 Compare to 用来强调两个不同事物间的相似之处。 麦林韦氏词典的网页(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/compare)上举了莎氏比亚的一句诗:shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 这里compare to有比作的意思,是用来做比喻的。另外还举了一个例子:The singer's voice has been compared to that of Elvis. 这句里虽然不是比喻,但还是“比作”的意思,强调的是两者的相同。 Compare with 用来将两个事物间相同的特征进行比较,看它们是相同还是不同,一般是为了强调两者的不同。 Sales increased 10% in the summer compared with the previous season. 因此可以看出,compare to 一般用在文学作品中,是为了让语言更生动,更形象。而在科技写作中我们比较实验组和对照组的时候,我们是为了强调两者之间的差异,无一例外是需要用compare with的。 Compared with mice inoculated with control cells, mice inoculated with YAP-deficient cells had smaller primary tumors and fewer metastatic lesions. 麦林韦氏词典的网页上还有这样两个例子: tall compared to meeasy compared with the last test这里有“相对于”的意思,看起来表达这层意思的时候“compare to” 和“compare with”都是可以的。注意这里tall和easy都没有用比较级 (taller, easier)。但是这个用法在科技论文中应该不太用得到,因为科技写作要求准确,我们不会说Rats on the high fat diet are fat compared to rats on the regular diet. 而是会说 Rats on the high fat diet gained significantly more weight than rats on the regular diet. 或者 Compared with rats on the regular diet, rats on the high fat diet gained significantly more weight. 所以只要记住科技论文中描述组别之间的差异用compared with就可以了。 其实很多英语母语的作者也会把这两个词用错,已经发表的文章中应该用compare with 而用了compare to的比比皆是,但是这也不表明这两个词可以互换使用。至少在标准英语里还是将它们区分开来的。当然,英语是个不断变化的语言,有些非常规的用法用的人多了可能变成常规用法,也许将来有一天compare to和compare with之间的界限会越来越模糊甚至消失,我们就可以随意选择了。 (此文由LetPub编辑原创,转载请注明来自LetPub中文官网: www.letpub.com.cn/index.php?page=sci_writing_35 ) 进一步了解, 请点击查看: www.letpub.com.cn SCI论文英语润色 │ 同行资深专家修改 │ 专业翻译 │ SCI论文语言改写服务 │ 格式排版整理 │ 联系我们 相关资源: 科技论文写作辅导材料
How to use Fig. making a point? The baseline is nooooot make it the subject of the sentence, at least not take it the primary strategy. Images convey the data, and further, the information derived from them, but they are not the data and information themselves. In the writing, you urge the content to show, not indulge the Figs to tells. To showing is to convice; to tell is to force feed. Telling is weak. Chinese make that mistakes, simply for imitating the wrong guy. They following the template as a rule, not as a principle. Rules are stiff. A good example I find in Sean R. Agnew (Viginia U) illustrates my point perfectly. In a paper, 85 times of Fig. were used, no more than 8 as the grammatical subject of the sentence. Imprinting? That's a better start.