1999 年 6 月 26 日 － 7 月 1 日联合国教育、科学及文化组织和国际科学理事会在布达佩斯主办了“科学为二十一世纪服务：一项新任务”世界会议，即“世界科学大会”。大会通过了《科学和利用科学知识宣言》、《科学议程－行动框架》两个文件。值得注意的是：两个文件在各自的序言都有“科学视域”的诠释，节选如下： Annex I Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge Preamble 1. We all live on the same planet and are part of the biosphere. We have come to recognize that we are in a situation of increasing nterdependence, and that our future is intrinsically linked to the preservation of the global life-support systems and to the survival of all forms of life. The nations and the scientists of the world are called upon to acknowledge the urgency of using knowledge from all fields of science in a responsible manner to address human needs and aspirations without misusing this knowledge. We seek active collaboration across all the fields of scientific endeavour, that is the natural sciences such as the physical, earth and biological sciences, the biomedical and engineering sciences, and the social and human sciences. While the Framework for Action emphasizes the promise and the dynamism of the natural sciences but also their potential adverse effects, and the need to understand their impact on and relations with society, the commitment to science, as well as the challenges and the responsibilities set out in this Declaration, pertain to all fields of the sciences. All cultures can contribute scientific knowledge of universal value. The sciences should be at the service of humanity as a whole, and should contribute to providing everyone with a deeper understanding of nature and society, a better quality of life and a sustainable and healthy environment for present and future generations. …… P45 附件 I 科学和利用科学知识宣言 序言 1 ．我们大家生活在同一星球上，都是生物圈的一部分，我们已经逐步认识到，我们处于一种日益相互依赖的局面，而且，我们的未来与保护全球生命保障系统、与各种生命的生存有着不可分割的联系。世界各国和各国的科学家都应当看到，以负责任的方式利用，而不是滥用一切科学领域的知识来满足人类的需要和愿望，是一件十分紧迫的大事。 我们寻求在一切科学领域（包括物理学、地球科学和生物科学等自然科学、生物医学和工程学以及社会科学及人文科学）的积极合作。 虽然《行动框架》强调了自然科学给我们带来的希望和活力以及潜在的不利影响，也强调了了解自然科学对社会的影响和与社会的关系的必要性，但本《宣言》指出的对科学的支持以及面临的挑战和责任涉及一切科学领域。所有的文化都能贡献具有普遍价值的科学知识。科学应当为全人类服务，应当为所有人深入了解自然和社会、为提高所有人的生活水平和为给当代人和子孙后代提供一个可持续的健康环境作出贡献。 …… 第 58 页 Annex II Science Agenda - Framework for Action Preamble 1. We, participants in the World Conference on Science for the Twenty-first Century: A New Commitment, assembled in Budapest, Hungary, from 26 June to 1 July 1999 under the aegis of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Council for Science (ICSU), state the following: 2. Advancing the objectives of international peace and the common welfare of humankind is one of the highest and most noble goals of our societies. The creation of UNESCO and of ICSU, more than half a century ago, was a symbol of the international determination to advance these objectives through scientific, educational and cultural relations among the peoples of the world. 3. The above objectives are as valid now as they were 50 years ago. However, while the means of achieving them have developed considerably over this half-century through scientific and technological progress, so have the means of threatening and compromising them. In the meantime, the political, economic, social, cultural and environmental context has also changed profoundly, and the role of the sciences (natural sciences such as physical, earth and biological sciences, biomedical and engineering sciences, social and human sciences) in this changed context needs to be collectively defined and pursued: hence the grounds for a new commitment. P49 附件 II 科学议程――行动框架 序言 1 ．我们， 1999 年 6 月 26 日至 7 月 1 日由联合国教育、科学及文化组织（ UNESCO ）和国际科学理事会（ ICSU ）在匈牙利布达佩斯主办的“科学为二十一世纪服务：一项新任务”世界会议的与会者兹声明如下： 2 ．促进实现国际和平和人类的共同幸福的目标是我们当代社会的最重要和最崇高的目标之一。五十多年前教科文组织和国际科学理事会的建立是国际社会决心通过世界各国人民的科学、教育及文化往来，促进实现这些目标的一个标志。 3 ．如今，这些目标仍然同五十年前一样有效。然而，尽管实现上述目标的手段在这五十多年中因科技进步而有了很大的改进，但威胁和干扰这些目标的手段也同样有了很大的发展。同时，政治、经济、社会文化和环境背景也发生了很大变化。科学（自然科学，如物理学、地球科学和生物科学；生物医学和工程科学；社会科学及人文科学）在这种已经发生变化的环境中的作用需要由大家来确定和发挥，这就给我们提出了一项新的任务。 …… Records of the General Conference 30th Session Paris, 26 October to 17 November 1999 UNESCO 英文版 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001185/118514e.pdf 中文版 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001185/118514cb.pdf 中文均引自《 联合国教科文组织第 三十届会议大会记录 》第一卷《决议》第 52 ～ 69 页 联合国教育、科学及文化组织出版， 2000 年 丰特努瓦广场 7 号， 75352 巴黎 07 SP
科学＝自然科学＋生命科学＋社会科学＋思维科学 科学是关于自然、社会和思维的知识体系，是人们实践经验的总结和概括。科学是以概念和逻辑的形式反映世界。科学有自然科学、社会科学和思维科学。 摘自：刘茂才、张伟民主编《科学学辞典》成都：四川省社会科学院出版社1985 10.3 Science：10.3.1 History and Philosophy of Science 10.3.2 The Physical Sciences 10.3.3 The Earth Sciences 10.3.4 The Biological Sciences 10.3.5 Medicine 10.3.6 The Social Sciences, Psychology, Linguistics 10.3.7 The Technological Sciences Mortimer J. Adler The Outline of Knowledge in the Propdia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prop%C3%A6dia
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