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[转载]在真空中有摩擦吗（Friction in the vacuum）?: zhpd55 2017-2-22 11:12; Friction in the vacuum? by Lisa Zyga， February 20, 2017， The friction-like change in momentum discovered in the new study can be modeled by a moving device that emits photons in opposite directions. An observer can measure the photon frequencies, and using the Doppler effect, will calculate a change in momentum but no change in velocity. Credit: Sonnleitner et al. ©2017 American Physical Society (Phys.org)—When three physicists first discovered through their calculations that a decaying atom moving through the vacuum experiences a friction-like force, they were highly suspicious. The results seemed to go against the laws of physics: The vacuum, by definition, is completely empty space and does not exert friction on objects within it. Further, if true, the results would contradict the principle of relativity, since they would imply that observers in two different reference frames would see the atom moving at different speeds (most observers would see the atom slow down due to friction, but an observer moving with the atom would not). Writing in Physical Review Letters , physicists Matthias Sonnleitner, Nils Trautmann, and Stephen M. Barnett at the University of Glasgow knew something must be wrong, but at first they weren't sure what. We spent ages searching for the mistake in the calculation and spent even more time exploring other strange effects until we found this (rather simple) solution, Sonnleitner told Phys.org . The physicists eventually realized that the missing puzzle piece was a tiny bit of extra mass called the mass defect—an amount so tiny that it has never been measured in this context. This is the mass in Einstein's famous equation E = mc 2 , which describes the amount of energy required to break up the nucleus of an atom into its protons and neutrons. This energy, called the internal binding energy, is regularly accounted for in nuclear physics, which deals with larger binding energies, but is typically considered negligible in the context of atom optics (the field here) because of the much lower energies. This subtle but important detail allowed the researchers to paint a very different picture of what was going on. As a decaying atom moves through the vacuum, it really does experience some kind of force resembling friction. But a true friction force would cause the atom to slow down, and this is not what's happening. What's really happening is that, since the moving atom loses a tiny bit of mass as it decays, it loses momentum, not velocity. To explain in more detail: Although the vacuum is empty and does not exert any forces on the atom, it still interacts with the atom, and this interaction causes the excited atom to decay. As the moving atom decays to a lower energy state, it emits photons, causing it to lose a little bit of energy corresponding to a certain amount of mass. Since momentum is the product of mass and velocity, the decrease in mass causes the atom to lose a little bit of momentum, just as expected according to the conservation of energy and momentum in special relativity . So while the atom's mass (energy) and momentum decrease, its velocity remains constant. This picture resolves both of the earlier problems: There are no forces acting between the vacuum and the atom, and two observers in different reference frames would both see the atom moving at the same constant speed, even though the atom would lose momentum due to decaying. In principle, the physics underlying our work has been known for a long time, so our result is of rather conceptual importance: We showed that the very successful model generally used to describe the interaction between atoms and light can give this strange friction-like change in momentum, Sonnleitner said. This result can only be explained when we include the equivalence between mass and energy. But since one would not expect that this aspect of special relativity (E = mc 2 ) actually plays a role in atom-light interactions at these low energies, this has not been included in the model. So this puzzle showed how some piece of special relativity unexpectedly enters a well-studied and very successful model from (non-relativistic) quantum optics. The effect is probably the first time that an atom's internal binding energy has made such a significant difference in a quantum optical context. The physicists emphasize that the effect is not limited to the spontaneous emission of a photon, but that it occurs whenever an atom changes its internal energy, such as when emitting or absorbing a photon. But in these cases, the atom will also see real velocity-dependent forces, which would hide the effect discussed here. For the time being, experimentally measuring the effect is not likely, since the energy involved is roughly three orders of magnitude smaller than what can be detected by today's most precise measurement techniques. In the future, the researchers plan to investigate what impact this effect may have on the conventional model of atom-light interactions. We will try to extend the successful model currently used to describe atom-light interactions to include the possibility of a changing mass , Sonnleitner said. Of course this will only be a rather small correction, but it should help to complete the picture. It is never wrong to revisit, rethink and, if necessary, tweak an established theory. Explore further: Team extends the lifetime of atoms using a mirror More information: Matthias Sonnleitner et al . Will a Decaying Atom Feel a Friction Force? Physical Review Letters . DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.053601; 个人分类: 新观察|1978 次阅读|0 个评论

贺Friction被SCI收录: ningbi 2016-8-23 08:41; 恭喜Friction ，被SCIE收录！！！ ThomsonReuters旗下的网站 Master Journal List 中，输入 Friction，选择Title Word进行检索，可以看到Friction-An International Journal，点击下方的“coverage”，可以看到： Science Citation Index Expanded 。这说明， Friction 已经被SCIE收录！祝贺祝贺！ FRICTION-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Quarterly ISSN: 2223-7690 TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS, TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, 10084 Coverage Science Citation Index Expanded Current Contents - Engineering, Computing Technology 该刊由清华大学出版社主办，这好像是清华大出版社出版的第5种SCI期刊！前4种分别是：Nano Research、 Building Simulation、Tsinghua Science Technology、Journal of Advanced Ceramics。如果 Avian Research也算的话，清华大学出版社出版6种英文SCI期刊了！有实力的高校和科研院所，主动作为，结合自己的优势学科(清华好像有摩擦学国家重点实验室)，办若干种世界级的英文专业期刊，这个方向看来是对的。当然，不少国家实验室、国家重点实验室，其实都有实力办好一种英文期刊的，就看领导和科学大拿们愿不愿意了。此刊投审稿网站： https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/friction 。用的也是SchoarOne投审稿系统。; 个人分类: SCIE收录|5097 次阅读|0 个评论

北大星期五（4月3日）学术报告会: dongping2009 2009-3-31 10:32; Topic: Faults, Fluids, and Friction Speaker: Prof. C.J. Spiers Dept. of Earth Sciences,Utrecht University, The Netherlands 时间：4月3日星期五16：00 地点：北京大学理科二号楼2829N 欢迎各位参加！补注：本人因通过Email得悉此消息，转发与感兴趣者分享。; 个人分类: 分享图文|4411 次阅读|0 个评论

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