学术会议能够救命,听起来不可思议,但确实发生了,而且是真实的案例,且听我慢慢说来: 2011.9去西安参加活性氧生物学效应专业委员会的第一次学术会议,第四军医大学的海春旭教授的一席话引起了我的兴趣,在回顾活性氧及抗氧化治疗历程的时候提到大剂量维生素C治疗癌症的故事,而且还说到有美国的教授夫妇两人都是大剂量维生素C治疗癌症的受益者,但报道以来也备受争议。在我以前的博客里面就写过药物的超大剂量疗效的问题提到维生素C和呋塞米的事例,当然感兴趣的也不会很多。 到了2011年的11月外婆确证患了乳腺恶性淋巴瘤,面对85岁高龄最后还是艰难的选择了手术治疗,过了几个月舒服的日子,今年4月份还不到半年,最不愿意看到的事情还是发生了,肿瘤复发,一家人束手无策,再手术、放疗、化疗都是难以承受的选择,最后我的建议试试大剂量维生素C,死马当成活马医了,权当没有办法的办法,多活以天赚一天,好在表弟是乡村医生,在家里治疗,不住院,每天5-10克维生素C滴注,10天后复发的淋巴瘤肿块全部消退了,效果完全出乎意料,这样我不得不相信了大剂量维生素C抗癌的效果,而且费用超便宜,使用方便,疗效满意,长期疗效还不清楚,是否还会复发也不知道,至少现在有效了,当然,推广效果如何不敢保证,但在走投无路的情况下,即使能够再治好一个病人也是值得试试的,救人一命胜造七级浮屠。这就是我的一个学术会议救了外婆一命的故事。 对于其中原理更是不清楚,简单的查了一下来龙去脉,上世纪70年代,获得2次诺贝尔奖美国科学家鲍林(Linus Pauling)就发表用维C帮助治疗癌症的论文,这种设想颇具争议,没过多久有人发表了否定该内容的论文,因此,这个治疗方法没有被推广,这些研究是基于口服维C。2005年,美国NIH发表了有关大剂量点滴维生素C来杀死癌细胞的机理,从那以后,这个治疗方法又重新受到了人们的关注。NIH发表的论文显示抗氧化物质的维生素C对癌细胞诱导强氧化作用并杀死它,而对正常细胞不产生任何伤害。此次美国国立卫生研究院进行的研究,则采取注射维C的方法,以加大其在人体内的浓度。 研究人员向实验用小鼠植入三种癌细胞--卵巢癌、胰腺癌和恶性脑瘤。结果发现,接受高剂量维C注射的小鼠癌细胞增长速度,是未接受注射的小鼠的一半。 美国国立卫生研究院糖尿病、消化系统和肾病研究中心的Mark Levine是此项研究的带头人,他在接受电话采访时表示:“最重要的发现是,维C作为药物,对于治疗癌症是有些效果的。” 研究人员认为,体内维C增加,可以产生过氧化氢来对抗癌细胞。此项研究成果发表在《美国国家科学院学报》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上。Levine称,“过氧化氢会导致一些癌细胞死亡,同时似乎并不杀害正常细胞。至于为什麽如此,我们也不得而知。” 有人报道说点滴维生素C(10-15g/日)和维生素K3(0.1-0.2g/日),连续20天,治疗肺癌有效,不妨一试。
严格意义上,本研究不能算正式论文,是一个letter。虽然研究的内容非常简单,但鉴于当前的状况,仍有一定价值。 Hydrogen Protects Mice from Radiation induced Thymic Lymphoma in BALB/c mice Luqian Zhao 1# , Chuanfeng Zhou 1# , Jian Zhang 2# , Fu Gao 1 , Bailong Li 1 , Yunhai Chuai 1 , Cong Liu 1 , Jianming Cai 1 1. Department of Radiation Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China. 2. Department of Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, PR China. # These authors contributed equally to this work. How to cite this article: Zhao L, Zhou C, Zhang J, Gao F, Li B, Chuai Y, Liu C, Cai J. Hydrogen Protects Mice from Radiation induced Thymic Lymphoma in BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Sci 2011; 7:297-300. Available from http://www.biolsci.org/v07p0297.htm Abstract Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known carcinogen, however the mechanism of radiation induced thymic lymphoma is not well known. Moreover, an easy and effective method to protect mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma is still unknown. Hydrogen, or H 2 , is seldom regarded as an important agent in medical usage, especially as a therapeutic gas. Here in this study, we found that H 2 protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice. Keywords : Ionizing radiation, thymic lymphoma Introduction Top Introduction Materials and Experimental Design Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References Ionizing radiation (IR) is a well-known carcinogen for various human tissues and a complete carcinogen that is able to both initiate and promote tumor progression . The mechanism for this promotion is poorly understood, but studies of mouse thymic lymphomas provide some hints . Indeed, studies of radiation-induced mouse thymic lymphomas, one of the classic models in radiation carcinogenesis, demonstrated that multi-steps and many factors, like Ras, Pten and Fas, were involved in radiation-induced carcinogenesis . Our previous studies showed that ERK1/2, STAT3 and SHP-2 are also involved in radiation induced thymic lymphoma formation in BALB/c mice . However, an easy and effective method to protect mice from radiation-induced thymic lymphoma is still not well known . Hydrogen (H 2 ), the most abundant chemical element in the universe (constituting approximately 75% of the universe's elemental mass), is seldom regarded as an important agent in medical usage, especially as a therapeutic gas. However, many recent studies by our lab and other labs provided evidence that H 2 gas has powerful therapeutic and preventive effects for many diseases . Ohsawa et al. found that molecular H 2 could selectively reduce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals in vitro and exert therapeutic antioxidant activity in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model in vivo . Since hydroxyl is very strong oxidants that react indiscriminately with nucleic acids, lipids and proteins resulting in DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and protein inactivation, they are also the main mediators of radiation damage . We hypothesized and showed by experimental studies that H 2 treatment could protect cultured cells and mice from radiation damage . In those studies, we used a single high dose model to find that H 2 is a novel protective gas on radiation induced injuries. Importantly, those previous studies also showed that H 2 -rich saline/water is safe, easy to administer and cost-effective . In this study, we used a split dose radiation-induced thymic lymphoma model in BALB/c mice to test the potential role of H 2 on radiation induced carcinogenesis in a method very similar to our previously studies . Materials and Experimental Design Radiation induced thymic lymphoma model was described by many groups and our previous studies . In detail, male wild-type BALB/c mice, 5-6 weeks of age, were purchased from Chinese academy of science (Shanghai, China) and A 60 Co irradiator was introduced for total-body ionizing irradiation as described in our previous work . Four weekly sub-lethal doses of 1.75 Gy gamma-ray irradiation were delivered to 5-6 week old BALB/c mice at a dose rate of 0.58Gy/min as described previously . Only two groups were used in this study: the H 2 -rich saline group (H 2 (+) group) or normal saline control (H 2 (-) group) as described previously . Themice from these two groups were intraperitonealy injected with H 2 -rich saline (H 2 (+) group) or normal saline (H 2 (-) group) 5 minutes before each irradiation respectively as we described detailed in our previous work . Results and Discussion Top Introduction Materials and Experimental Design Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References We found that H 2 treatment significantly increased the survival rate of mice 30 weeks' after split dose radiation (Figure 1 A, P0.05).This datum is consistent with our previous studies that H 2 treatment could protect cultured cells and mice from radiation damage . Figure 1 Hydrogen treatment protected BALB/c mice from radiation-induced thymic lymphoma. Four weekly sub-lethal doses of 1.75 Gy gamma-ray irradiation were delivered to 4 week old BALB/c mice at a dose rate of 0.58Gy/min as described previously . These mice were intraperitonealy injected with either H 2 -rich saline (H 2 group, H 2 (+)) or normal saline (Control group, H 2 (-)) 5 minutes before each irradiation as described previously . Panel A; Survival curve analysis of control and H 2 treated mice after split irradiation (N=40). Panel B; tumor incidence at 20 weeks post last irradiation was analyzed by histological study (N=20, 3 repeats). Panel C; Mean latent Period was calculated (N=20, 3 repeats). (Click on the image to enlarge.) Figure 2 H 2 pre-treatment reduced split radiation- induced ROS levels. BALB/c mice, 5-6 weeks of age, were subjected with IR (IR group) or without IR (Non-IR group). IR protocol was the four weekly sub-lethal doses of 1.75 Gy gamma-ray irradiation at a dose rate of 0.58Gy/min . These mice were also intraperitonealy injected with H 2 -rich saline (H 2 (+) group) or with normal saline (H 2 (-) group) 5 minutes before each irradiation respectively as we described in detail in our previous work . Then 4 hours after the last irradiation, PBMC and serum from these mice were prepared and the ROS levels were measured with our published methods (N=6, 3 repeats). Panel A: PBMC from BALB/c mice, with or without IR, with or without H 2 , 4 hours after last IR were prepared and subjected to FACS assay to detect the DCFH-DA ROS level. MFI: Mean Fluorescence Intensity; (N=6, 3 repeats). Panel B-D; Serum from BALB/c mice, with or without IR, with or without H 2 , 4 hours after last IR were prepared and subjected to ELISA assay for detection of SOD, GSH and MDA level with or our published method . B: SOD; C: GSH; D: MDA; (N=6, 3 repeats). (Click on the image to enlarge.) However, the radiation-induced thymic lymphoma rate in the H 2 (+) group was significantly lower than in the control group (Figure 1 B P0.05) and H 2 treatment significantly increased the latency of lymphoma development after the split dose irradiation (Figure 1 C). These data indicated that H2 protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice. The detrimental effects of IR on biological tissues can be mediated via increased production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ROS system have been found to play important role in the induction of cancers . To explore the potential role of ROS in H 2 induced protection of radiation induced carcinogenesis, we used different methods to detect changes in intracellular and extracellular ROS levels in H 2 treated mice and control mice 4h after the last irradiation . Intracellular ROS levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from irradiated and control mice were assessed using FACS analysis with DCFH-DA (2′7′di-chlorofluorescein diacetate), which converts to highly fluorescent DCF in the presence of intracellular ROS. As shown in Figure 2 A, ROS levels were much lower in the irradiated H 2 group than in the irradiated control mice. Similar results were also found for ROS levels in extracellular serum. Serum SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and total GSH (Glutathione) concentrations at 4h after the last irradiation in the H 2 group were significantly higher than that of the control group, while MDA (Malondialdehyde) concentrations in the H 2 group were significantly lower than that of the control group (Figure 2 B, 2 C and 2 D). These results indicate that the H 2 pre-treated groups showed an increased antioxidant status, consistent with our previous studies that showed that H2 could reduce radiation-induced free radical damage to DNA . Radiation therapy is now a routine treatment for certain types of cancer and over 20 percent of cancer patients will require radiation therapy during the treatments of their disease . Radiation itself can induce many types of cancers, especially leukemia and lymphomas, but few simple protective methods have been found. To the best of our knowledge, this may be the first report describing treatment with H 2 , which reduced the risk of radiation-induced carcinogenesis in the BALB/c mouse model. While the therapeutic effectiveness of H 2 treatment on radiation carcinogenesis needs further study, this work provides some novel experimental evidence for the use of H 2 in radiation therapy. Since it is safe, easy to administer and cost-effective, it could not only protect against radiation induced death , but also attenuate the rate of radiation induced carcinogenesis. Conclusion In conclusion, our data indicates that H 2 protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Cindy Savage and Trip Barthel M.A for help editing of the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31070761 and No.81072241) and by the grants from Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 11ZR1446400 and No.09ZR1439400). Conflict of Interests None. References Top Introduction Materials and Experimental Design Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References 1. Little JB. Radiation carcinogenesis . Carcinogenesis. 2000; 21 :397-404 2. Potworowski EF, Gagnon F, Beauchemin C, St Pierre Y. Dendritic cells prevent radiation-induced thymic lymphoma . Leukemia. 1996; 10 :1639-1647 3. Shin SC, Kang YM, Kim HS. Life span and thymic lymphoma incidence in high- and low-dose-rate irradiated AKR/J mice and commonly expressed genes . Radiat Res. 2010; 174 :341-346 4. Villa-Morales M, Santos J, Fernandez-Piqueras J. Functional Fas (Cd95/Apo-1) promoter polymorphisms in inbred mouse strains exhibiting different susceptibility to gamma-radiation-induced thymic lymphoma . Oncogene. 2006; 25 :2022-2029 5. Santos J, Montagutelli X, Acevedo A, Lopez P, Vaquero C. et al . A new locus for resistance to gamma-radiation-induced thymic lymphoma identified using inter-specific consomic and inter-specific recombinant congenic strains of mice . Oncogene. 2002; 21 :6680-6683 6. Humblet C, Defresne MP, Greimers R, Rongy AM, Boniver J. Further studies on the mechanism of radiation induced thymic lymphoma prevention by bone marrow transplantation in C57BL mice . Leukemia. 1989; 3 :813-818 7. Utsuyama M, Hirokawa K. Radiation-induced-thymic lymphoma occurs in young, but not in old mice . Exp Mol Pathol. 2003; 74 :319-325 8. Siegler R, Harrell W, Rich MA. Pathogenesis of radiation-induced thymic lymphoma in mice . J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966; 37 :105-121 9. Fu Z, Huang D, Cai J, Chen Q, Han L. et al . Expression changes of ERK1/2, STAT3 and SHP-2 in bone marrow cells from gamma-ray induced leukemia mice . J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2006; 47 :121-130 10. Pogribny I, Koturbash I, Tryndyak V, Hudson D, Stevenson SM. et al . Fractionated low-dose radiation exposure leads to accumulation of DNA damage and profound alterations in DNA and histone methylation in the murine thymus . Mol Cancer Res. 2005; 3 :553-561 11. Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, Watanabe M, Nishimaki K. et al . Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals . Nat Med. 2007; 13 :688-694 12. Liu C, Cui J, Sun Q, Cai J. Hydrogen therapy may be an effective and specific novel treatment for acute radiation syndrome . Med Hypotheses. 2010; 74 :145-146 13. Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X. et al . Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice . Free Radic Res. 2010; 44 :275-282 14. Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Wang Y, Huang Y. et al . The potential cardioprotective effects of hydrogen in irradiated mice . J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2010; 51 :741-747 15. Liu C, Lin J, Zhao L, Yang Y, Gao F. et al . Gamma-ray Irradiation Impairs Dendritic Cell Migration to CCL19 by Down-regulation of CCR7 and Induction of Cell Apoptosis . Int J Biol Sci. 2011; 7 :168-179 16. Barcellos-Hoff MH, Park C, Wright EG. Radiation and the microenvironment - tumorigenesis and therapy . Nat Rev Cancer. 2005; 5 :867-875 17. Tannenbaum B, Mofunanya T, Schoenfeld AR. DNA damage repair is unaffected by mimicked heterozygous levels of BRCA2 in HT-29 cells . Int J Biol Sci. 2007; 3 :402-407 Author contact Corresponding author: Jianming Cai Cong Liu. Address: Department of Radiation Medicine, Second Military Medical University; 800, Xiangyin Road 200433, Shanghai; P.R. China Fax: +86-21-81871150. E-mail: caijianming882003 @163.com victorliu20102020 @smmu.edu.cn.
文献分析结果 http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB1mOWEB10O00d000j10020001000h001000900001 CSF1R and lymphoma 121 documents semantically analyzed top author Kita, K Chiba, Japan Senior author (46 last author) URL to this profile Department of Biochemistry, Chiba University, School of Medicine, Japan. statistics 1 2 Top Years Publications 1993 12 1996 9 1995 8 1994 7 1991 7 2007 6 2006 6 2004 6 2002 6 2003 5 2000 5 1999 5 1992 5 2008 4 2005 4 2001 4 1997 4 1990 4 1989 4 2010 3 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 39 Japan 27 Germany 11 Italy 10 France 7 Canada 4 China 4 Australia 3 India 2 Denmark 2 Netherlands 2 United Kingdom 2 Greece 1 Switzerland 1 Turkey 1 Moldova 1 Israel 1 Poland 1 Taiwan 1 1 2 3 4 Top Cities Publications Tsu 5 Philadelphia 5 Houston 4 Tianjin 3 Sapporo 3 Kyoto 3 Rome 3 Berlin 2 Heidelberg 2 Varanasi 2 San Antonio 2 Freiburg 2 Paris 2 Seattle 2 Memphis 2 Toronto 2 Suita 2 Copenhagen 2 Marseilles 2 Frederick 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 Top Journals Publications Blood 32 Cancer Res 10 Leukemia 7 Leukemia Res 6 Leukemia Lymphoma 6 Exp Hematol 5 Int J Hematol 4 Clin Cancer Res 2 J Immunol 2 Stem Cells 2 J Invest Dermatol 2 Oncogene 2 J Cell Physiol 2 Jpn J Cancer Res 2 Nat Med 1 Immunology 1 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1 Am J Reprod Immunol 1 Cancer Biother Radio 1 Cancer Sci 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 ... 78 Top Terms Publications Humans 103 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 90 Colony-Stimulating Factors 89 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 74 Lymphoma 68 Patients 61 Leukemia 56 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 45 T-Lymphocytes 45 Macrophages 44 Cell Line 42 Neoplasms 41 Genes 40 antigen binding 40 Cytokines 39 Tumor Cells, Cultured 37 Proteins 36 Granulocytes 36 Animals 36 B-Lymphocytes 34 1 2 3 ... 78 1 2 3 ... 38 Top Authors Publications Kita K 6 Miwa H 4 Drexler H 4 Shirakawa S 4 Nakase K 3 Nishii K 3 Quentmeier H 3 Estrov Z 3 Takaku F 3 Gupta V 2 Tsutani H 2 Gazitt Y 2 Hu Z 2 Wu K 2 Zheng G 2 Li G 2 Ueda Y 2 Takahashi T 2 Suzuki T 2 Hara J 2 1 2 3 ... 38 最新研究进展 Nat Med. 2010 May;16(5):571-9, 1p following 579. Epub 2010 May 2. Derepression of an endogenous long terminal repeat activates the CSF1R proto-oncogene in human lymphoma. Lamprecht B , Walter K , Kreher S , Kumar R , Hummel M , Lenze D , Kchert K , Bouhlel MA , Richter J , Soler E , Stadhouders R , Jhrens K , Wurster KD , Callen DF , Harte MF , Giefing M , Barlow R , Stein H , Anagnostopoulos I , Janz M , Cockerill PN , Siebert R , Drken B , Bonifer C , Mathas S . Publication Types, Secondary Source ID, Grant Support Publication Types: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Secondary Source ID: GEO/GSE20115 Grant Support: Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom LinkOut - more resources Full Text Sources: Nature Publishing Group Swets Information Services Other Literature Sources: Evaluations and comments from leading biologists - Faculty of 1000 Biology Evaluations and comments from leading researchers and clinicians - Faculty of 1000 Medicine Libraries: LinkOut Holdings Related citations 相关文献 Long terminal repeats are used as alternative promoters for the endothelin B receptor and apolipoprotein C-I genes in humans. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jan 19; 276(3):1896-903. Epub 2000 Oct 27. Feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat activates collagenase IV gene expression through AP-1. J Virol. 1999 Jun; 73(6):4931-40. Transcriptional interaction between retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs): mechanism of 5' LTR suppression and 3' LTR promoter activation of c-myc in avian B-cell lymphomas. J Virol. 1992 Aug; 66(8):4814-23. Review The transcriptional regulation of the Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (csf1r) gene during hematopoiesis. Front Biosci. 2008 Jan 1; 13:549-60. Epub 2008 Jan 1. Review Pathobiology of NPM-ALK and variant fusion genes in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other lymphomas. Leukemia. 2000 Sep; 14(9):1533-59. See reviews... | See all... Review (3) 相关综述 3篇 2. The transcriptional regulation of the Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (csf1r) gene during hematopoiesis. Bonifer C, Hume DA. Front Biosci . 2008 Jan 1;13:549-60. Review. PMID: 17981568 Related citations 3. Pathobiology of NPM-ALK and variant fusion genes in anaplastic large cell lymphoma and other lymphomas. Drexler HG, Gignac SM, von Wasielewski R, Werner M, Dirks WG. Leukemia . 2000 Sep;14(9):1533-59. Review. PMID: 10994999 Related citations 4. Endogenous retroviral LTRs as promoters for human genes: a critical assessment. Cohen CJ, Lock WM, Mager DL. Gene . 2009 Dec 15;448(2):105-14. Epub 2009 Jul 3. Review. PMID: 19577618 Related citations