原本打算将此帖放在群组，可惜群组这玩艺不太好玩，常常传不了图片、加不了链接，不是群主的话，半小时后就失去了修改权、撤销权。 本文根据白珍建博友的博客主页（ http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=spaceuid=597651 ）提供的链接整理，特此说明。 从网页看，她（注：根据白珍建博友的回复，原来是“他”）是一位研究生，将自己收集的网站拿来与网友们分享，但因仅有超链接，没有列出具体的网址，本博逐一点击后并作了不少增补。 Collins http://temperate.lternet.edu/collins/ The Collins Lab PLANT COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Scott L. Collins scollins@sevilleta.unm.edu 505.277.6303 Scott is currently Professor of Biology Director of the Sevilleta LTER. His research interests include plant community dynamics; gradient models and structure; the role of disturbance in communities; fire ecology; patch dynamics; landscape ecology; grassland ecology; analysis of species distribution and abundance; pulse dynamics in aridland ecosystems. Welcome! Our research focuses on the impact of natural disturbances and global environmental change on mesic and arid grassland ecosystems. We are particularly interested in the interactive effects of fire, grazing and drought in mesic grasslands in North America and South Africa, and how rainfall variability, temperature change, and shrub encroachment affect aridland ecosystems in the southwestern US. Harte http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~hartelab/ In the Harte Lab, we study global change ecology and spatial patterns of species distributions. John Harte , Professor Energy and Resources Group (ERG) Department of Environmental Science, Policy Management (ESPM) Walker http://www.unlv.edu/lifesciences http://www.unlv.edu/lifesciences/research Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dale Devitt Michelle Elekonich Allen Gibbs Mira Han Brett Riddle Javier A. Rodríguez Stan Smith Lloyd Stark Peter Starkweather Daniel Thompson Lawrence Walker Smith http://www.yale.edu/smithlab/html%20files/index.html http://www.yale.edu/smithlab/html%20files/smithpeople.html People of the Smith Lab Melinda D. Smith, Principal InvestigatorAssociate Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University Box 208106 Yale University New Haven, CT 06520-8106 USA phone: (203) 432 9422 Email: melinda.smith@yale.edu Zavaleta http://people.ucsc.edu/~zavaleta/index.html Erika Zavaleta (Professor) We pursue research to enhance the stewardship, understanding and appreciation of wild ecosystems. Our projects focus on terrestrial ecosystems and plant communities, links between biodiversity and human well-being, and the implications of interacting global and regional environmental changes. We work with a wide range of NGOs, government agencies, land managers and community members to bridge strong science to effective action. Hungate http://www4.nau.edu/Hungate_Lab/ Northern Arizona University Research in our group focuses on the roles of plants and microorganisms in ecosystem processes, especially carbon, water, and nutrient cycling. A major thrust of our research examines biogeochemical responses to global changes, such as rising atmospheric CO2, climate change, N deposition, and altered land use. For example, we are currently studying how elevated CO2 alters the hydrology of scrub woodlands, and how increased temperature influences the nitrogen cycle in grasslands. In addition to understanding ecosystem responses to such perturbations, we are also interested in how ecosystem responses can feed back to alter the pace and even direction of future global changes. A second major thrust of our research addresses how single species can affect ecosystem processes, for example, how infestation with the pion-needle scale alters the water budget of pion-juniper woodlands, or how mycorrhizae influence decomposition of fine roots. Harpole http://www.public.iastate.edu/~harpole/ I received my PhD from the University of Minnesota in 2005, working with David Tilman. My primary field site was at Sedgwick Reserve, near Santa Barbara, California. My dissertation focused on the role of multiple resource limitation for controlling biodiversity and invasions. I also worked at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota testing niche and neutral theory. As a postdoc I worked with Katharine Suding at UC Irvine. We are applying a predictive theoretical framework to understanding the roles of cattle grazing, N-deposition and spatial processes as drivers of alternative states in Northern and Southern California grasslands. I joined the Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology Department at Iowa State University in 2008. CV.pdf Google Scholar Profile Classen http://web.utk.edu/~aclassen/Home.html Research in the ecosystem ecology laboratory focuses on the plant-soil interface and how abiotic and biotic factors interact to shape ecosystem structure and function. Aimée Classen Maja Sundqvist Assistant Professor, Ume University PI of the Ecosystem Ecology Lab; Aimée’s CV is here Associate professor, University of Copenhagen, 2014- Associate Editor-in-Chief, Ecological Monographs, 2012- Associate professor, University of Tennessee, 2012- Assistant professor, University of Tennessee, 2008-12 Staff scientist, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2005-08 PhD, Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 2004 Sala http://sala.lab.asu.edu/ Osvaldo E. Sala Julie A. Wrigley Chair and Foundation Professor School of Life Sciences and School of Sustainability Our research revolves around three major themes that closely interact with each other: (1) the effects of changes in climate on the functioning of arid and semiarid ecosystems, (2) scenarios of changes in biodiversity and their consequences for the functioning of ecosystems, and (3) effects of woody-plant encroachment on ecosystem services. We tackled these three themes at multiple scales from the local to the regional and global. We are driven by questions and hypotheses and use multiple tools to address them; including synthesis, manipulative field experiments, and simulation modeling. We work extensively in the development of scenarios as a way of simplifying, understanding, and communicating the complex relationships that emerge from the study of social-ecological systems. We have worked in many regions of the world from the Patagonian Steppe and grasslands of the Great Plains of North America to arid ecosystems of South Africa and the annual grasslands of California. Currently, most of the experimental work is focused on the Chihuahuan Desert, at the Jornada Long Term Ecological Research site. Our research effort is closely integrated with our education and outreach mission. We collaborate with several institutions beyond Arizona State University including Asombro Institute for Science Education and SARAS . Suding http://nature.berkeley.edu/sudinglab-wp/ Katharine Suding ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR Email: suding@berkeley.edu Office: 347 Hilgard Lab Phone: (510) 642-1334 Fax: (510) 643-5438 Website(s): Suding Lab Research Group(s): Suding Group Office Hours: By Appointment. Please sign up on the lab calender. For login information, contact me or Liana Nichols (liana at berkeley.edu) Research Group(s): Suding Group Office Hours: By Appointment. Please sign up on the lab calender. For login information, contact me or Liana Nichols (liana at berkeley.edu) Research Interests Plant Community Ecology; Restoration, Invasion biology, Environmental change, Conservation Research Description I am a plant community ecologist working at the interface of ecosystem, landscape and population biology. My goal is to apply cutting-edge “usable” science to the challenges of restoration, species invasion, and environmental change. My research group… Hooper http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/hooper/index.html David Hooper Department of Biology Western Washington University Bellingham, WA 98225-9160 phone: (360) 650-3649, FAX: (360) 650-3148 email: hooper@biol.wwu.edu Vitousek http://www.stanford.edu/group/Vitousek/index.html The Vitousek Group and colleagues carry out research related to nutrient cycling, most notably nitrogen and phosphorus, throughout the range of environments and ecosystems. The Hawaiian Islands are the focus of the majority of studies. Our group has looked at nutrient dynamics in the soil profile, litter, native forest ecosystems, forest and grassland systems affected by invasive species and agricultural systems. Studies have documented how an invasive grass has changed the fire frequency and suppressed the ability of the native forest to return. How an invasive nitrogen fixing tree changes the nutrient dynamics in the soil and facilitates further encroachment by other non-native plants. TERACC http://www.umaine.edu/teracc/ Terrestrial Ecosystem Response to Atmospheric Climatic Change TERACC is an international research coordination network of global change scientists that was initiated in 2001. The goals of TERACC are to: 1. Integrate and synthesize existing whole ecosystem research on ecosystem responses to individual global change drivers. 2. Foster new research on whole-ecosystem responses to the combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, warming, and other aspects of global change, such as changes in precipitation and increased N deposition. 3. Promote better communication and integration between empiricists, experimentalists and modelers. Through these efforts, TERRAC hopes to better integrate observational, experimental, and modeling techniques into a unified multidisciplinary approach to understanding ecosystem response to global change . LTER http://www.lternet.edu/ The Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network was created by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1980 to conduct research on ecological issues that can last decades and span huge geographical areas. UKREATE http://ukreate.defra.gov.uk/index.htm UK Research on The Eutrophication and Acidification of Terrestrial Ecosystems The UKREATE Project: The UKREATE umbrella project is funded by the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The umbrella consists of a consortium coordinated by Prof Bridget Emmett at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) in Bangor, and a Defra project Officer, William Cook. The aims of the project are to: Collate dat which provide evidence for damage or recovery in a range of terrestrial habitats due to nitrogen deposition. Determine whether factors such as the form of nitrogen, grazing pressure or traits of plants present modify the impacts observed. Test proposed indicators of change in both experimental and survey settings. Clarify what determines the fate of nitrogen in soil which acts as the main sink for nitrogen. Contribute to the development of linked ecosystem model chains to forecast likelytiming responses in both soils, vegetation composition and their interdependance. Collate survey data and continue long term manipulation experiments to help test and develop model chains. Examine the potential modifying and interactive effects of climate change with the effects of nitrogen deposition. Support the UK National Focal Centre for Critical Loads Mapping. Provide knowledge transfer to a range of stakeholders and contribute to the Review of Transboundary Air Pollution (RoTAP). NutNet http://www.nutnet.umn.edu/ Nutrient Network: A Global Research Cooperative Welcome to the Nutrient Network! Two of the most pervasive human impacts on ecosystems are alteration of global nutrient budgets and changes in the abundance and identity of consumers. Fossil fuel combustion and agricultural fertilization have doubled and quintupled, respectively, global pools of nitrogen and phosphorus relative to pre-industrial levels. Concurrently, habitat loss and degradation and selective hunting and fishing disproportionately remove consumers from food webs. At the same time, humans are adding consumers to food webs for endpoints such as conservation, recreation, and agriculture, as well as accidental introductions of invasive consumer species. In spite of the global impacts of these human activities, there have been no globally coordinated experiments to quantify the general impacts on ecological systems. The Nutrient Network (NutNet) is a grassroots research effort to address these questions within a coordinated research network comprised of more than 40 grassland sites worldwide. NutNet focal research questions: How general is our current understanding of productivity-diversity relationships? To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? NutNet goals: To collect data from a broad range of sites in a consistent manner to allow direct comparisons of environment-productivity-diversity relationships among systems around the world. This is currently occurring at each site in the network and, when these data are compiled, will allow us to provide new insights into several important, unanswered questions in ecology. To implement a cross-site experiment requiring only nominal investment of time and resources by each investigator, but quantifying community and ecosystem responses in a wide range of herbaceous-dominated ecosystems (i.e., desert grasslands to arctic tundra). NutNet membership: NutNet membership is open to ecologists who are committed to either intiating a new NutNet node, collaborating with researchers at an exitisting network site, or furthering the network goals in other substantive ways. There are two primary rules of membership: You must play well with other members of the team, and You must carefully follow the research protocol for the core sampling. PrecipiNet http://precipnet.ucsc.edu/ PrecipNet is a Research Coordination Network focusing on the impacts of anthropogenic climate change precipitation timing, magnitude, and variability on biological communities, ecosystem processes, and human society. The mission of PrecipNet is to promote communication, intellectual exchange, and integration of methods and results across ecological, geographic, and disciplinary boundaries. Participants include climatologists, plant and ecosystem scientists, and social scientists. ILTER http://www.ilternet.edu/ International Long Term Ecological Research - Welcome! ILTER is a 'network of networks', a global network of research sites located in a wide array of ecosystems that can help understand environmental change across the globe. ILTER's focus is on long-term, site-based research and monitoring. ILTER’s vision is a world in which science helps prevent and solve environmental and socioecological problems ILTER can contribute to solving international ecological and socio-economic problems through question and problem-driven research, with a unique ability to design collaborative, site-based projects, compare data from a global network of sites and detect global trends. Most ILTER members are national or regional networks of scientists engaged in long-term, site-based ecological and socio-economic research (known as LTER or LTSER). They have expertise in the collection, management and analysis of long-term environmental data. Together they are responsible for creating and maintaining a large number of unique long-term datasets. PC-ORD http://home.centurytel.net/~mjm/index.htm 一种生态学软件 PC-ORD performs multivariate analysis of ecological data entered in spreadsheets. Our emphasis is on nonparametric tools, graphical representation, randomization tests, and bootstrapped confidence intervals for analysis of community data. In addition to utilities for transforming data and managing files, PC-ORD offers many ordination and classification techniques not available in major statistical packages including: CCA, DCA, Indicator Species Analysis, Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests, MRPP, PCoA, perMANOVA, RDA, two-way clustering, TWINSPAN, Beals smoothing, diversity indices, species lists, many ordination overlay methods (quantitative, symbol-coding, color-coding, grid, joint plot, biplot, successional vector), various rotation methods, 3-D ordination graphics, Bray-Curtis ordination, city-block distance measures, species-area curves, tree data summaries, publication-quality dendrograms, autopilot mode nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS or NMDS). Very large data sets can be analyzed. Most operations accept a matrix up to 32,000 rows or 32,000 columns and up to 536,848,900 matrix elements, provided that you have adequate memory in your computer. The terminology is tailored for ecologists. The full manual is included as a context-sensitive help system. del Moral http://faculty.washington.edu/moral/index.html Plant Ecology Lab in the Department of Biology Studying the recovery of barren landscapes since 1980. Roger del Moral Professor of Biology Dr. del Moral received his doctorate with C. H. Muller at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1968. He immediately joined the Botany Department at the University of Washington. Here he began a series of studies of vegetation patterns in forests and alpine sites. In 1976-1977, he spent a year in Australia at the CSIRO in Queensland and at Melbourne University. Along with David Ashton, he was the first to demonstrate that Eucalyptus inhibited native Australian shrubs in nature. His pioneering work on plant competition in stable alpine habitats was interrupted by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. He was among the first ecologists to begin study of the recovery of this volcano, studies which have produced one of the longest continuous records of primary succession now extant. In 1984, he worked on reclamation of derelict sites in the U.K. (with A. D. Bradshaw, A. Fitter and M. Chadwick), while in 1985 he was introduced to a wide variety of Japanese volcanoes (S. Kawano, H. Tagawa, M. Numata, M. Shizuoka). He has explored volcanoes in the Russian Far East with Sergei Grishin), in Sicily with Prof. Emilia Poli Marchese (during his Sabbatical), in Iceland (Hekla and Surtsey) with Dr. Borgthor Magnusson and in New Zealand with Professor Bruce Clarkson. In 2007, he published Environmental disasters, natural recovery and human responses , a general book on restoring the landscape using the lessons gained from nature . Research Interests Dr. del Moral has studied and described vegetation structure in forests, prairies, wetlands and meadows throughout Washington. His approach is deductive, rather than purely inductive, in that his projects test a priori hypotheses rather than merely describing communities. He has studied factors that control community structure in stable communities, but since 1980, his work has centered on primary succession and its relationship to restoration. Most of this work has explored the mechanisms of vegetation recovery on Mount St. Helens, but he has conducted research on several other volcanoes. A series of papers have combined long-term plot records, focused field experiments and laboratory trials to explore mechanisms of primary succession. Several bits of conventional wisdom have been modified or shown to be overly simple. Stochastic processes are very important during early succession and landscape effects, more than any other factor, dictate the nature of early species assemblages. In contrast to prevailing theory, abiotic amelioration is much more important that biotic facilitation, physical safe-sites are initially more important than nurse plant effects, refugia contribute little to the development of their surroundings, and mycorrhizae play a very limited role on volcanic succession. His studies in Japan and the Russian Far East have shown that similar processes have controlled succession on volcanoes in these regions. In Sicily, working on Mount Etna, he has found that there has been little vegetation convergence on lavas during eight centuries. In 2005, the 50th paper from his lab concerning primary succession was published. With Lars Walker of UNLV, he completed a book on the current concepts of primary succession that summarizes the historical and developing concepts surrounding how landscapes are recolonized after devastating disturbances. Widely recognized as a major synthesis of the state of knowledge in primary succession, the book has won praise from ecologists and restorationists alike. In 2007, he published a book on ecological responses to natural disasters intended for a more general public. He and Lawrence Walker hopes that this book stimulates a wider knowledge of ecological principles in the service of great quality of life. His doctoral students have also worked on a many projects. Rex Cates performed ground-breaking studies in plant-animal chemical interactions. Ted Hinds produced detailed energy budgets for cheat grass communities. The late Joy Belsky quantified environmental gradients in subalpine meadows, while Martha Cushman developed predictive models to relate vegetation structure to avalanche frequency. Virginia H. Dale modeled bumblebee foraging behavior in alpine habitats of Mount Rainier, while David Wood demonstrated that successional sequences were based on contingent factors. C. L. Huang showed how competition altered expected successional pathways. More recently, Jon Titus developed elegant experiments that demonstrated that primary succession on Mount St. Helens did NOT require mycorrhizae, while Dennis Riege demonstrated that old-field succession in the Olympic Rainforest was controlled largely by competition from introduced herbs. Chad Jones completed his study of invasions of glacier forelands in the North Cascades and Tara Fletcher Ramsey recently finished a though study of the mechanisms by which ivy invades natural vegetation. Current students are investigating several aspects of succession on Mount St. Helens. Mark Bradford http://bradfordlab.com/ Hi, you’ve reached the homepage of the Bradford lab group at Yale University’s School of Forestry Environmental Studies. Our research explores two main questions: How do plants and soil organisms respond to environmental change? How do these responses affect ecosystem function, especially the movement and storage of carbon in soils? Why focus on carbon and ecosystems? Soils and plants store huge quantities of carbon. Disturbances that degrade ecosystems release this into the atmosphere – in forms such as carbon dioxide – contributing to our changing climate. But soils and ecosystems are much more than reservoirs for carbon – their health is directly tied to water purification, flood prevention, maintenance of biodiversity, and agricultural production. Understanding how and why plants, animals, microbes and soils respond to environmental change will therefore help us understand the consequences for human well-being, and how we might manage them. We use experimental and observational approaches to investigate these effects of global change, both in the field and laboratory. We primarily work across forests and grasslands in the north and south of the eastern United States. The overall goal of our research is to provide the necessary mechanistic understanding required for reliable prediction of global change impacts on ecosystems, and their likely feedbacks to the climate system. Wilsey http://www.public.iastate.edu/~bwilsey/homepage.htm Brian J. Wilsey B.S. 1986 Henderson State University M.S. 1988 Louisiana State University Ph.D. 1995 Syracuse University Title and Mailing Address: Associate Professor, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, 253 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1020 Office: 131 Bessey Hall Lab: 40 Bessey Hall Phone: (515)294-0232 Fax: (515)294-1337 E-mail: bwilsey@iastate.edu RESEARCH INTERESTS OF THE WILSEY LAB In the Wilsey lab, we are interested in the ecology of prairie grasslands. Tallgrass prairies are among the most species-diverse ecosystems. We commonly count 20-30 plant species in Iowa within small quadrats (0.4 m2), and most small prairies ( 10 ha) support more than one hundred species ( Martin et al. 2005 , Wilsey et al. 2005a). It is still largely unknown how this very high species diversity develops and is maintained over time. Developing a better understanding of mechanisms behind diversity maintenance is a central focus of work in the lab (e.g. Wilsey et al. 2005, Polley et al. 2005, Martin and Wilsey 2006, Isbell et al. 2009, Wilsey et al. 2009). Furthermore, we are studying how changes in species diversity influence community stability and ecosystem process rates (i.e. ecosystem services). Power http://www.uws.edu.au/staff_profiles/uws_profiles/doctor_sally_power Doctor Sally Power ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment PhD University of London UWS Organisational Unit (School / Division) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Gough http://www.uta.edu/biology/gough/lab/index.htm Laura Gough Ph.D. Associate Professor of Biology I am interested in the forces that structure plant communities particularly nutrient availability and herbivory, how species diversity feeds back to affect ecosystem function, and the effects particular traits may have on species responses to perturbations in a community context. My research spans several different ecosystem types with an emphasis on arctic tundra. Reich http://www.forestry.umn.edu/People/Reich/index.htm Peter B. Reich Regents Professor Distinguished McKnight University Professor F.B. Hubachek, Sr. Chair in Forest Ecology and Tree Physiology Resident Fellow, Institute on the Environment (IonE) Ph.D. 1983, Cornell University Ecology, tree physiology, ecophysiology, and silviculture Office: 220f Green Hall Phone: (612) 624-4270 Fax: (612) 625-5212 E-mail: preich@umn.edu Areas of Interest My current research focuses on the impacts of global environmental change on terrestrial ecosystems. This includes effects of climate change, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, other air pollutants, land use/management, fire and biotic invasion on health, biodiversity, and sustainability of forest and grassland ecosystems both in Minnesota and globally. This work simultaneously attempts to bridge the fields of physiological, community, ecosystem, landscape, and global ecology. We tend to focus on the broad ecotone of central North America, where boreal forests, northern hardwood forests, oak woodlands/savannas, and grasslands converge and mix. However, we are involved in projects that address similar themes and issues in many other biomes and geographic locations, including work in several other continents (Australia, Europe, South America). This work includes links and joint affiliation/cooperation with other groups such as the Institute on the Environment (University of Minnesota), the Cedar Creek Long-Term Ecological Research Project (University of Minnesota—National Science Foundation), the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment (University of Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia), the TRY Global Database Initiative (coordinated by the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany) and several others ( http://forestecology.cfans.umn.edu/reich.html ). Chapin http://terrychapin.org/ F. Stuart Chapin, III (Terry) is an ecosystem ecologist whose research addresses the sustainability of ecosystems and human communities in a rapidly changing planet. This work emphasizes the impacts of climate change on Alaskan ecology, subsistence resources, and indigenous communities, as a basis for developing climate-change adaptation plans. terry.chapin@alaska.edu Professor Emeritus of Ecology Department of Biology and Wildlife Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Office: 193 Arctic Health Phone: 1.907.474.7922 FAX: 1.907.474.6967 Home phone: 1.907.455.6408 Cleland http://labs.biology.ucsd.edu/cleland/cleland/People.html Elsa E. Cleland, Assistant Professor I study the responses of plant communities and ecosystems to global environmental changes, such as nitrogen deposition, elevated CO 2 , shifting precipitation, and invasive species. I am also interested in strategies for restoration of native plant communities in the context of present and future environmental changes. Knapp http://rydberg.biology.colostate.edu/knapplab/index.html Research in our lab focuses on plants, with a goal of understanding ecological patterns and processes from the leaf to the ecosystem level. Our research is conducted primarily in the field utilizing the comparative approach and experimental manipulations of key ecological drivers. Key areas of interest include: plant physiological ecology, ecosystems ecology, climate change, long-term ecological research, invasive plant species, restoration ecology, fire and herbivory effects on communities and ecosytems. Grime http://www.shef.ac.uk/aps/staff-and-students/acadstaff/pgrime Emeritus Professor J Philip Grime Tel: +44 (0)114 222 4766 email : j.p.grime@sheffield.ac.uk Career BSc (1956) PhD (1960) University of Sheffield Member of Nature Conservancy Grassland Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Sheffield (1961-63) Ecologist, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Connecticut, USA (1963-64) Deputy Director, Unit of Comparative Plant Ecology (UCPE), University of Sheffield (1964-89) Director, The Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory, University of Sheffield (1989-present). Main Research Interests Role of plant, animal and microbial functional types in community and ecosystem processes. Investigations of the impacts of changes in land use and climate on vegetation. Use of microcosm techniques and field manipulations to study the effects of dominant plant species on the trophic structure of herbaceous vegetation. Experimental manipulations of the consequences of genetic impoverishment on vegetation properties. Lamb http://homepage.usask.ca/~egl388/index.html Saskatchewan Plant Community Ecology Lab Fundamental and applied research into the mechanisms that structure plant communities. We study the mechanisms structuring plant community diversity, plant - soil interactions, plant competition, rangeland ecology and management, and statistical ecology. All aspects of plant community ecology. I am particularly interested in the role of competition in structuring plant community diversity and plant - soil interactions Grace https://profile.usgs.gov/gracej James Grace RESEARCH ECOLOGIST Short Biography Jim Grace obtained his B.S. in Biology from Presbyterian College in South Carolina, his M.S. from Clemson University, and his Ph.D. from Michigan State University. After graduate school, he held faculty positions at the University of Arkansas and Louisiana State University, where he reached the level of Full Professor. He currently holds an Adjunct Professorship in Biology at the University of Louisiana in Lafayette. In 2000, he received the millennium Meritorious Research Award from the Society of Wetland Scientists and in 2003 received the National Science Excellence Award from the U.S. Geological Survey. He has published over 160 papers and reports, including 3 books, one on competitive interactions, one on community analysis, and one on structural equation modeling. Latest news releases related to our work can be found at: Huxman http://eebweb.arizona.edu/faculty/huxman/index/Home.html Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Director, Center for Environmental Biology Director, Steele-Burnand Anza Borrego Desert Research Center I am a physiological ecologist who focuses on understanding the evolution of functional traits in plants and the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. I investigate physiological or plant-mediated processes from the spatial scale of cells to that of whole landscapes. A recent focus of my scholarship is understanding the dynamics of climate-ecosystem interactions and their influence in coupling of carbon and water cycles in arid landscapes, which encompass ~ 40% of Earth’s surface. I am interested in the plant processes underlying these coupling and how these patterns and mechanism are related to processes in diverse biomes from around the globe. I am excited to be involved in the newest UC Reserve site - the Steele-Burnand Anza Borrego Desert Research Center. I lead the Center for Environmental Biology at the University of California, Irvine. This is an exciting program that focuses on landscape scale research that serves issues of conservation and ecosystem management. We work with the Nature Reserve of Orange County and a number of stakeholders (city, county, state, federal and non-profit groups) to bring academic research to environmental challenges. We partner with groups to focus on science literacy and public engagement using a number of programs. From 2007 to 2012 I led the UA Biosphere 2 , an interdisciplinary department in the UA College of Science. B2 serves as a center focused on research, outreach, teaching and life-long learning about Earth, its living systems and its place in the Universe. The program excels at understanding complex environmental systems using highly controlled experimental facilities, computational modeling, and observational arrays deployed in natural landscapes. This unit houses research faculty and professional staff focused on understanding how water works in the Earth system, synthesizing and incubating important topics in environmental science, and engaging a diverse stakeholder community in science, including decision makers, practitioners, K-12 educators and the public. Fay http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=38279 Philip A. Fay Research Ecologist Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory 808 E Blackland Rd. Temple , TX 76502 Voice: (254) 770 6533 Fax: (254) 770 6561 email: philip.fay@ars.usda.gov http://www.ars.usda.gov/spa/gswrl/pfay Education Kansas State University , Bachelor of Science, Biology, 1982 Northern Arizona University , Master of Science, Biology, 1987 Kansas State University , Doctorate, Biology, 1992 Research Interests ( Vita ) Ecosystem ecology of grasslands- soil and plant carbon and water relations, primary productivity, and their responses to rising greenhouse gas (CO2) concentrations and temperature and precipitation variability. Current Research Projects Lysimeter CO2 Gradient Experiment (realtime display) Nutnet Grassland Plant Diversity Impacts on Soil CO2 Efflux Rainfall Manipulation Plot (RaMP) Experiment ( Konza Prairie Biological Station ) Rainfall Mesocosm Experiment ( Konza Prairie Biological Station ) Gross http://www.kbs.msu.edu/people/faculty/gross Katherine L. Gross University Distinguished Professor of Plant Biology and KBS Director Ph. D. Michigan State University, 1980 W. K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners, MI 49060 Phone: (269) 671-2235 Fax: (269) 671-2104 Email: grossk@kbs.msu.edu Research Interests I am broadly interested in the causes and consequences of species diversity in plant communities. My current research focuses on how nutrient input and management impacts the diversity, productivity and composition of grasslands. We have established several longterm experiments to test hypotheses about how nutrient enrichment (fertilization) impacts grasslands. In one experiment (part of the KBS LTER) we have followed community response to fertilization and disturbance for over 25 years. Another set of experiments in a low-productivity grassland in SW Michigan allows us to evaluate how the scale of soil resource heterogeneity and presence of clonal species influences plant diversity and community composition. We are particularly interested in how species traits, particularly clonality and growth form, affect responses to resource enrichment. I am also interested in the consequences of diversity in managed agricultural ecosystems. On the KBS LTER project we have been monitoring the long-term effects of different crop management systems on the composition of weed communities in different crops. We have also established an experiment (the Biodiversity Experiment) in which crop type and rotation are varied to determine the impacts of rotational diversity on crop yield, weed communities and a variety of ecosystem services. Experiments and field studies established as part of the Great Lakes BioEnergy Research Center (GLBRC) at KBS are used to test hypotheses relating diversity, productivity and management practices to the sustainability of alternative biofuel crops. I am no longer advising graduate students, but maintain a research program with postdocs, undergraduates and summer interns. I am delighted to serve on graduate student committees and to support the research of non-MSU students interested in working at KBS. As Director of KBS I am promote and support a number of programs to provide undergraduates with research and educational experiences that help define and direct their career interests. For information on these programs, email director@kbs.msu.edu. Hector http://www.ieu.uzh.ch/staff/professors/ahector.html#5 Andy Hector Professor of Ecology (former member of IEU) current: Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3RB Research interests Community ecology; Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecological services; Statistical analysis (courses in linear, general, generalised and mixed-effects models) JRGCE http://globalecology.stanford.edu/DGE/Dukes/JRGCE/gce.html The Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment Beginning in 1992 and continuing today, a number of studies of the potential effects of global climate change have been conducted at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. These studies have been led by scientists at Stanford University and the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Department of Global Ecology (located on the Stanford campus) with scientists from other institutions participating. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, which is owned and operated by Stanford University, is located on the east side of the Outer Coast Range of central California near the Stanford campus. Jasper Ridge has a Mediterranean climate with cool, wet winters and very dry summers. The Jasper Ridge global change experiments have been designed to exploit grasslands as models for understanding how ecosystems may respond to climate change. Although many experiments have been conducted to study the effects of climate change on plant species, relatively few have been done on an ecosystem scale. Jasper Ridge grassland ecosystems where chosen as model systems for several reasons. First, they are dominated by annual grasses, which have a number of advantages for these types of experiments. Annual grasses are relatively free of historical effects of climate change; their complete life cycle can be studied each year; they are small in stature making experimental design easier; and multiyear studies can potentially reveal changes in species composition over time. Second, these grasslands are rich in both species and plant functional types. Although much of the grassland at Jasper Ridge is dominated by annual grasses, other common functional types include early and late blooming annual forbs (non-grass, herbaceous plants), perennial grasses, and perennial forbs. Third, gophers frequently disturb Jasper Ridge soils, so experiments that cause moderate soil disturbance are not unrealistic in these ecosystems. Two core experimental facilities have been central to Jasper Ridge global climate change experiments. The first were the 1992-1997 Open-top Chamber Facilities, which have been almost entirely dismantled. The second is the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment facility, which began baseline measurements in 1997-98 and treatment manipulations in the 1998-99 growing season, and continues operating today. Both of these facilities enabled their own set of core studies as well as a number of related studies. To learn more about these studies, please explore the links shown on the left side of this page. Buell-Small Succession Study http://www.caryinstitute.org/science-program/research-projects/buell-small-succession-study Dr. Steward T.A. Pickett Plant Ecologist Ph.D., 1977, University of Illinois, Urbana Expertise: urban ecology, landscape design, succession Phone Number: (845) 677-7600 x130 Fax Number: (845) 677-5976 Email Dr. Steward T.A. Pickett Download CV 2801 Sharon Turnpike; P.O. Box AB The Buell-Small Succession Study is a long term ecological study designed to document old field succession. The study was founded in 1958 by Murray Buell, Helen Buell, and John Small. It includes ten fields that were actively farmed until released for the study. Each year a team of researchers returns to the fields and measures the percent cover of plant species in permanently marked plots. By looking at how the species in the plots and their cover change over time, researchers can learn how succession progresses in the fields. Understanding the succession of the BSS fields can help researchers determine how other abandoned fields in similar systems will change over time. Because the BSS data set is extensive in space and continuous in time, it can be used to answer a wide range of additional questions. Park Grass http://www.era.rothamsted.ac.uk/index.php?area=homepage=indexdataset=1 Park Grass Experiment The Park Grass experiment is the oldest experiment on permanent grassland in the world. Started by Lawes and Gilbert in 1856, its original purpose was to investigate ways of improving the yield of hay by the application of inorganic fertilisers and organic manure. Within 2-3 years it became clear that these treatments were having a dramatic effect on the species composition of what had been a uniform sward. The continuing effects of the original treatments on species diversity and on soil function, together with later tests of liming and interactions with atmospheric inputs and climate change, has meant that Park Grass has become increasingly important to ecologists, environmentalists and soil scientists. 附： e-RA: the electronic Rothamsted Archive The electronic Rothamsted Archive (e-RA) provides a permanent managed database for secure storage of data from Rothamsted's Classical Experiments, the oldest, continuous agronomic experiments in the world. Together with the accompanying meteorological records, associated documentation and sample archive, it is a unique historical record of experiments that have been measured continuously for nearly 170 years. Users have easy access to experimental data and specialist background information on the effects of agricultural practices on soils, crops and associated ecosystems. Currently, e-RA holds records of yields and other data for the Broadbalk winter wheat, Park Grass permanent grassland, Hoosfield spring barley and Alternate Wheat and Fallow Classical experiments. Meteorological data from Rothamsted, Brooms Barn and Woburn are also available. The links, left, will lead you to background information on the experiments or the data. All Datasets shows a full list of current datasets which are continually being added to. The data in e-RA are available for scientific research, but remain the property of Rothamsted Research and the Lawes Agricultural Trust. Most of the data held within e-RA are password-protected and access is subject to our Data Access Policy . The Open Access data are available to all, no password is required, although users are required to acknowledge Rothamsted Research as the data source. The importance of e-RA, the Long-Term Experiments and Sample Archive have been recognised by the BBSRC in awarding them National Capability (NC) status. NC is defined as being a strategic component of the international research base. NCs are by definition externally facing and engaged with the user community. Cedar Creek (Tilman) http://www.cbs.umn.edu/explore/cedarcreek Cedar Creek is now accepting applications for Plant Community Ecology Internships and Prescribed Burn Technicians. See our Employment page for more information. Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Current Uncertainties and the Necessary Next Steps Why long-term research is necessary for truly understanding environmental phenomena. PNAS, Global Change Biology , Ecology Letters , Nature Regents Professor G. David Tilman Ph.D., University of Michigan, 1976 tilman@umn.edu I study the impact of human consumption and population pressure on the planet's ecosystems and the effects of climate change and habitat destruction. Big, heavy stuff, and my students are making a big, heavy difference. Research highlight: Biodiversity research at Cedar Creek 附：明尼苏打大学（ umn.edu ）的生态学研究者们 http://www.cbs.umn.edu/explore/departments/eeb/faculty-research/directory Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Barker, F. Keith Bee, Mark Borer, Elizabeth Cavender-Bares, Jeannine Cotner, Jim Finlay, Jacques Hobbie, Sarah Jansa, Sharon Lanyon, Scott Lehman, Clarence Centinel Climate Tracker Modelling Wildlife Muller-Landau, Helene Powers, Jennifer Shaw, Ruth Snell-Rood, Emilie Stephens, David Sterner, Robert Tiffin, Peter Ward, John Zuk, Marlene 美国犹他大学的生态系统研究组 http://www.biology.utah.edu/research/interest.php?int=22 Ecosystem Science Ecosystem science is focused on how organisms in their natural habitats are affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and how these organisms in turn modify their environment. This interdisciplinary field merges the life sciences and the physical sciences to address contemporary environmental science issues. Name Unit Phone Email Belnap, Jayne jayne.bel...@usgs.gov Bowling, Dave Bowling Lab 801-581-2130; 801-585-5671 david.bowl...@utah.edu Cerling, Thure Cerling Lab 801-585-0415 thure.cerl...@utah.edu Davidson, Diane (Dinah) Emeritus Faculty Ehleringer, Jim Ehleringer Lab 801-581-7623 jim.ehlerin...@utah.edu Pataki, Diane Pataki Lab 801-585-1899 diane.pat...@utah.edu Sekercioglu, Cagan Sekercioglu Lab 801-585-1052 ...@utah.edu 加州大学圣芭拉拉分校美国国立生态分析与集成中心 http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/ NCEAS: Advancing Ecology to Improve Lives and the Environment Established in 1995, the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) is a research center of the University of California, Santa Barbara and was the first national synthesis center of its kind. There is broad acknowledgement that NCEAS has significantly altered the way ecological science is conducted, towards being more collaborative, open, integrative, relevant, and technologically informed. Different from the scientific tradition of solitary lab or fieldwork, NCEAS fosters collaborative synthesis research – assembling interdisciplinary teams to distill existing data, ideas, theories, or methods drawn from many sources, across multiple fields of inquiry, to accelerate the generation of new scientific knowledge at a broad scale. NCEAS has helped create a large community of scientists from multiple disciplines, eager to collaborate to answer some of the toughest environmental questions facing society. Through collective Working Group projects scientists share data and methods, synthesize vast amounts of information, and discover new insights and understanding to improve lives and the environment. Some examples of the Center’s research include: Environmental Science Benefiting Human Livelihoods Ecological Effects of Climate Change Ecology of Infectious Disease Marine Ecology and Conservation Economics and Ecology 瑞典斯德歌尔摩大学生态学研究者 http://www.su.se/emb/english/research/research-areas/ecology Climate effects All organisms are adapted to a certain climate. A present concern is how resistant organisms and ecosystems are under the rapid rate of current climate change. Changes of the ecosystems will also affect humans in many ways. However, it is not simple and straightforward to understand the effects of climate change. Since all organisms are affected by many factors, including interaction of organisms and other environmental changes, the effects of a change in climate might sometimes be counterintuitive. Human utilization of nature and this response to climate change also needs to be taken into account. The research at our department includes among other things studies on population ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change, the understanding of species distribution in relation to climate, and the effects on species interactions and whole ecosystems. We address questions related to temperature change, CO2 increase and sea-level rise. Research areas with contact people The role of seagrass beds as a carbon sink ( Mats Bjrk ) Modelling the effects of environmental and climate variation on plant population dynamics ( Johan Ehrlén ) Effects of climate change on trophic interactions – host plant utilization in butterflies ( Johan Ehrlén ) Effects of climate-induced sea-level changes on coastal ecosystems: plants and arthropods ( Peter Hambck ) The role of micro-climatic refugia for expanding and retreating populations ( Kristoffer Hylander ) Effects of climate on plankton dynamics in the Baltic Sea ( Monika Winder ) Phytoplankton food quality responses to ocean acidification ( Monika Winder ) Research areas with contact people Population ecology Effects of environment and climate on plant population dynamics ( Johan Ehrlén ) Ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant-animal interactions ( Johan Ehrlén ) Evolutionary ecology: recruitment strategies in plants with extremely small seeds ( Ove Eriksson ) Dispersal biology in mosses ( Kristoffer Hylander ) Host-parasitoid systems: immunology, search behaviour, ecology and evolution ( Peter Hambck ) Insect responses to spatial heterogeneity ( Peter Hambck ) Community ecology Historical landscape ecology ( Ove Eriksson ) Coastal ecology, how marine processes affect the terrestrial coastal ecosystem ( Peter Hambck ) Biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical mosaic landscapes ( Kristoffer Hylander ) Ecosystem ecology Function and dynamics in the Baltic sea ecosystem; fish, their prey and predators, and environmental effects from eutrophication and fishing ( Sture Hansson )
一、 ChinaAccess4EU 研讨会 自我从德国回来后，就比较关心欧盟国家的情况。今年11月1日应邀参加了在紫光国际科技交流中心召开的题为ChinaAccess4EU的研讨会，其主题是关于“支持欧盟进入中国的研究与创新项目”（Supporting the EU to access to the Chinese research innovation programmes）。据我在清华工作的小朋友讲，这次的会并不像想象中的那么成功，因为他们没能请到中国的“腕儿”级官员。虽然这个研讨会是由欧盟赞助的，但重点就是清华大学和葡萄牙创新学会（SPI）的一家咨询公司在操办。在中国的文化背景下，没有官员到场，这根本就不算是个什么会。欧洲人很讲实际，他们认为中国在对外开放的过程中，门只开了很小的缝，理应开得更大些。我对这个题目是没有兴趣的兴趣，因为这涉及到国家的大政方针，不是我们这些普通人所能定夺的。 上午的话题就是向像我们惯常开会那样，上面有人讲，下面大家听，然后提问。以前也开过这样的研讨会，曾经请来科技部的某司长，欧盟国家的人对该司长很不客气，提了若干非常直接而尖锐的问题，让该司长很难堪。我想自然会是这样，首先，司长级的官员在北京大概不少，欧盟提出的诉求绝对不是科技部一个部门能够解决的。其次，这种会又是面向企业的，那科技部就更难协调了。第三，我想司长这一级的官员恐怕更担心的是说错话而丢掉帽子。因此，科技部这回只派来了个处长，我看他讲完就走了，完全是应付一下而已。研讨会到了下午基本就没什么人了。我作为旁观者很希望了解欧盟国家为什么那么想进入中国的研究与创新项目，为什么又进不来。我下午参加了几个圆桌会议。这些圆桌也基本上是务虚的，例如，信息通讯技术；医疗和生物化学；纳米技术与新材料；清洁能源；技术转移。 这些话题都是漫无边际得大，根本就不可能在这种会议上解决。我最感兴趣的是“技术转移”因此就重点参加了这个圆桌的讨论。发现他们担心的首要问题就是害怕他们的知识产权（IPR）在华无法得到保障。那么对于企业而言，某知识产权恐怕就是他们赖以生存的命根子，尤其是对中小企业而言。在担心IPR遭到侵权的情况下，同时又抱怨中国在这方面的口子开得不大，因而陷入前怕狼，后怕虎的二难境地，使得欧盟国家的企业很难进入中国，当然也不乏成功的合作范例，但毕竟不是很多，或许有很多我不知道。其他各个圆桌似乎应该找到更加对口的单位去谈，因为这里来的都是些学者，他们对中国的企业了解不多。但他们希望了解，可是却又无法得到更准确的信息。给我的感觉是那次会议也就是浮皮潦草，没有实质上的意义 。 二、 Mobility of European Researchers to China研讨会 昨天（12月7日）我又应邀参加了在欧盟驻京办事处召开的Mobility of European Researchers to China的China Links Meeting。这次的主题是关于如何调动欧盟国家研究者的积极性，让他们来中国找到相应的资助并进行相应的研究。我倒是认为，这次会议有点儿意思。欧盟国家也面临人才的流失的问题，他们培养的学生大都流向美国、日本甚至韩国这样的发达经济体。现在他们发现，中国也是个不错的出路，而且可能未来还是不错的出路，只是他们以前没有认识到（known）。还有就是欧盟国家似乎也有一套他们的“潜规则”，就是年轻人在正式进入研究圈子之前，必须有个历练的过程，或是做博士后，或是做其他与研究相关的研究。当然那些出类拔萃者另当别论。这个“潜规则”，如果是的话，倒让我想起爱因斯坦对年轻人的忠告，大概是说，毕业之后不要急于到研究单位谋职，最好在其他地方做些工作，然后发现一下自我，看看是否是块做研究的料，最后决定是否献身科研事业。 俗话说，远来的和尚好念经。这次便请来一些远来的年轻和尚，让他们谈一下自己在中国的经历。有的成功，有的不成功。这个Workshop分为三个session。第一个是关于鼓励更多的欧盟国家的研究人员来中国做研究。这当然主要是指，年轻人。其主旨有二个，其一是获得项目资助的动力：给力的的地方；吃力的难处；未来的趋势等。其二是让欧盟国家的研究团体了解中国：是缺乏信息还是没有机会。这个session来了二位中国的相关部门的人，一位来自国家留学基金委；一位是中国自然科学基金会的，向与会者介绍了中国向国外开放的政策以及研究经费的资助等具体细节，我看与会的年轻人都听得很来劲。另外二人则是德意志学术交流中心北京办事处主任Stefan Hase-Bergen，另一位是个女孩子，Kate Woodcock是Marie Curie Fellow，来北京大学做有关心理学研究。这些都是政策层面的东西，中国讲得更加宏观，而西方人则更加微观，尤其是Dr. Woodcock，讲的就是她个人的经历。 第二个session我认为对外国人有些益处。重点讲如何让欧洲的研究人员成功到融入到中国的研究环境。包括四个方面：一、研究系统的结构与运作方式的不同；二、欧洲与中国在研究优先性上的不同；三、在研究团队中所遇到的文化差异问题；四、与想要来中国的人的支持和个人事项等。这个session请来了三位成功者，一位中国女士，来自中国科学院纳米科技中心的纳米材料与纳米安全性的生物效应实验室；专门讲了这些年该实验室与国际同行的合作，这次研讨会上只有她采用了ppt来展示该实验室的研究活动。另一位是法-中粒子物理实验室法方主任Olivier Martineau-Huynh，此人年龄也不大，但对中国颇有了解，说如果你申请一个小的，很具体的课题的话，没人会理睬你。你必须申请一个大课题，组织庞大的班底，才能说服政府掏钱。我想他这种invent a big story的办法，的确说到了点子上。但话又说回来，就是有宏大叙事，果真能弄到钱吗？最后一位是清华大学材料科学与工程系的Andry Godfrey教授。我看他倒是顺风顺水，在中国搞科研还是比较滋润。另外值得一提的是这个session的主持人David G. Evans在中国已经有15年的工作经历，虽然不能说他是中国通，但我想他一定属于外国专家局的贵宾。 最后一个session讲的内容是欧盟国家在中国继续进行研究人员的事业流向的问题。说白了，这个session讲的净是所谓的sad stories。也就是说，这些人希望在中国发展，却发现很困难。具体而言有二个方面，首先，打道回府或到其他地方去；其次，在中国克服困难并激励自己在事业上有所成就。先从年纪较大的Josef Reinhard Wählen讲，他现在供职于华为集团公关部，已做到集团的高级主管层，他就是几次转行找到了华为的，例如，最初是做研究，其次又到摩托罗拉任职，最后由于女儿来中国，才把他也带进来了。我觉得他就是面临曲折而不放弃的人之一。另外二位则不那么让人乐观，一位是国家自然科学基金委资助的前博士后人员，Cedric Larricq，来自中国商用飞机有限责任公司（COMAC），他觉得这清华的日子挺不好过，我就听他说骑车在清华转悠，我估计他要到其他地方去了。最后一位我深表同情，早在上个世纪90年代便到了中国，现在供职于德国卡尔斯鲁尔Frauhofer系统与创新研究所，是位副教授（Associate professor）。目前在中国科学院政策所负责国际合作项目的管理。她的最大一个困惑就是非常难以融入中国的科研体制中，我觉得她说的是实话，我对她提了一个问题，问她能否举例说明她的最大困难，她就是说，有一年我带着丈夫和二个孩子来中国，大家对他们全家都客客气气，吃饭时也都到他们的桌旁坐坐，然后说，“嗨，好久不见你了，最近还好吗？”然后就把她全家撂在一旁，到其他地方去应酬去了。她的挫败感很强，估计她果真要打道回府了。 欧盟这次主办的研讨会的目的达到了，至少从它设定的主旨来看。我在会上还结识了新朋友，会见了老朋友。算是有收获。研讨会之后的Buffet由欧盟驻中国办事处副主任Carmen Cano女士的良好祝愿下结束。
非常荣幸承蒙科学网赵总编的邀请，谈谈心中的中科院。本人没有在中科院学习或工作过，可以说完全是一个局外人，再加上自己的阅历有限，写的只是自己的一点拙见。下文若有偏颇之处，还请大家批评指正。总之，衷心祝愿中科院的未来更加辉煌！ 依稀记得，我的第一次亲密认识中科院是在大四准备考研的时候。我学的专业是材料学，国内设置有该专业的大学非常多，但有此专业背景的中科院研究所却只有那么几所。我和当时班里一个非常要好的朋友一同复习考研，他选的就是我们这个专业久负盛名的中科院上海硅酸盐研究所。而我之所以和中科院失之交臂，主要是因为我想实现我从小的梦想：上清华大学。后来，我们双双如愿。就这样，初高中以及大学阶段对中科院懵懂未知的我，通过考研这件事，一下子对中科院有了初步的认识。 中科院从成立到现在，为我国科技的发展做出了杰出的贡献。展望未来，她又再为下一个更宏远的目标而奋斗。作为一名青年研究人员，我想就我的那么一点点阅历，谈谈我心中的中科院之梦。这里，我把从 25 到 40 岁之间的研究人员统称为青年研究人员，这个划分基本上囊括了一个人从刚开始读博士到最终挑起大梁的整个过程。当然啦，有些杰出的人才可能在 30 多岁就已经挑起了大梁。我选择青年研究人员作为切入点，一来自己就属于这一类，可以从自己的亲身经历来聊聊；二来，历来大家可能趋向于认为青少年就是祖国的未来，包括各国政要知名人士等的演讲也有提及，这里就不再列举了。 虽然没有在中科院学习或工作过，但我身边有很多来自中科院的朋友们，大多数也属于青年研究人员，从他们那里耳濡目染了一些有关中科院的情况。此外，我在类似于中科院的 2 个日本研究机构工作过。一个是 National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) ，此研究机构主要做基础方面的研究；另一个是 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) ，此研究机构主要偏重于应用研究。因此，我就以在偏重于基础和偏重于应用的研究所的工作经历，说说我的中科院之梦。由于有些观点得益于我从朋友那里的所见所闻，所以可能部分代表了这个青年研究群体的梦想。 (a) 中科院朝着更加一流的国际声誉努力，因此 建议取消研究所前面的地名 。目前，如果中科院的研究所坐落在某个地方，习惯在研究所的前面冠个地名，如某某地方某某研究所。这样做感觉中科院研究所比较 local ，不太国际化。俗话说，人靠衣装马靠鞍。个人认为，一个好的名字应该简洁明了，其简称也容易记住。举个我们专业的世界知名的研究所， Institute for Materials Research (IMR) ，一目了然。 (b) 青少年是祖国的未来， 建议加大力度资助培养青年研究人员 。我和朋友们闲聊的时候，大家普遍认为国家是非常需要人才的，但这里所说的人才是已经功成名就的人才，如千人，百人等。诚然，每个研究所是需要这方面的杰出人才，他们可以带领某个学科方向的前进，但绝大部分实干的且正处风华正茂的还是青年研究人员们。以我曾工作过的 NIMS 为例，里面有一个研究中心 International Center for Young Scientists （ ICYS ），它专门资助一个研究人员的 early career 阶段。你可以说它是一个博士后，但与普通博后不同的是，进入 ICYS 的人员要写自己的 proposal ，有自己的项目和资金。也就是说， ICYS 的研究人员已经开始在做独立研究了，不再是简单的“打工者”呢。日本国内也有 类似资助青年研究人员的奖项： JSPS Fellowships ，资助的人数更多。大家可能听说过一些在牛实验室打过工的人，当时发表的文章很多，一旦独立工作后，反而大不如从前，这正说明了尽早培养独立研究能力的重要性。 (c) 青年研究人员的启动研究很难，因此梦想中的中科院有一个 更加公平的，大力合作的科研制度和氛围 。众所周知，青年研究人员正处在人一生中的黄金时期，但如何启动研究却是一个老大难的问题，一个显而易见的原因就是没有科研设备。很多人可能会说，赶紧加盟大老板啊，其实谁不愿意找大老板呢。关键是大老板手下从不缺人，即使暂时缺人，他那么多毕业的学生也会有巨大优势。那么，是不是建立了一个更加公平的，大力合作的科研制度和氛围就能解决问题呢？不敢说能从根本上，但至少能从一定程度上解决此问题。我以前所在的 NIMS 是这样做的：所里都有一些常见的研究设备，这类研究设备要么很贵要么非常常用，它们的一个特点就是公共的，最主要的一点就是一年的使用费可能还不到一个博后一个月的工资。举个例子来说，做材料的可能都要用到电镜来标准。我所了解的是国内做一个电镜样品就要超过一个人一个月的工资，更何况一年的使用费呢。此外，如果你要使用 NIMS 其他研究组的专业设备，也很容易促成合作的，而且这类合作可能都不用掏什么钱，最后发文章的时候把对方挂为 合作 作者。别人为什么会愿意呢？这将在下面的评价机制中说说。所以，有这么低的进入门槛，青年研究人员的启动研究就变得相对容易多了。 (d) 要保证一个公平的，好的科研合作氛围，一个 合理的评价机制 必不可少。其实，一个研究所内，绝大部分的科研设备都很齐全了，只不过是分配在不同的课题组里。个人感觉，国外做科研大多拼的是 idea ，国内拼的是如何拥有资源（设备等）。那么如何促进各课题组之间乃至跨所之间的有效合作，一个合理的良性评价机制就显得尤为重要了。我以前所在的 AIST 给我印象深刻。每发一篇文章或申请一个专利，都会评定每个作者的贡献，有多种选项，当然一种最常见的选项是第一作者多少，老板多少，剩下的贡献由其他作者均分，这样其他作者也不会在乎排名先后呢。即是说，每个作者在这样的评价体制中都会分到一杯羹。有了这样的机制，很多人也愿意合作了。另外，评定工作的重要性时，也不是按影响因子来，也不是分专业，而是分领域。就材料专业来说，常见的顶级期刊有 Nature ， Science ， Nano Lett ， Adv Mater ， Phys Rev Lett 等，一流期刊如 Appl Phys Lett ， Acta Mater 等，如果按此划分的话，有的材料专业方面的领域一辈子也发不了这样的杂志。我在 AIST 的 SiC 半导体研究中心的时候，连大家很不起眼的杂志 Mater Sci Forum 都归为很重要的贡献，可能这个杂志现在连 SCI 都不收录了。 (e) 一项研究最终的是要服务社会，因此 建议加大力度和工业方面的合作 ，尤其是做偏重于应用方面的研究。我曾工作过的 AIST 的 SiC 研究中心，主要是偏重于应用研究，它在申请课题经费的时候，必须要拉到一些大公司共同来参与。这样，研究中心设计出好的参数，并不断优化，最终由大公司来做出最终的产品，最后服务于社会。这种由制度规定下的研究所和企业合作模式，既能让研究所提升研究能力，又能让企业不断升级，并最终达到服务社会大众的目的。 结合自己的经历，写了这么一点点感想，可能有些建议并不适合，但不管怎样，我们由衷的祝愿中科院越来越辉煌！
这已不能算是新闻了。两周前，Lander在NATURE上发表了一篇历史回顾。人类基因组测序论文发表十年了，基因组测序对生物学医学知识有哪些推动作用，过去的观念是什么，现在的看法又是怎样，下一步应该往什么方向走。Lander从基因组测序、基因组结构与生理、基因组变异、罕见和常见遗传疾病、癌症、人类的历史等多方面进行了全面系统的回顾和展望。 我向有关专业方向在读研究生、准备考试的考生郑重推荐这篇论文。认真读读，就可以对基因组学的近年来的进展有个很全面的把握。 同时也要提醒大家，就像教材一样，这篇文献可读性强的同时，有它的局限。它适合粗粗了解某一领域的现状。但对正在开展相关问题研究的研究人员（包括研究生）来说，它在细节问题上的报道可能有些陈旧或者不够准确。我举一例。人类基因组中有多少个编码蛋白质的基因？这个看似简单的问题至今仍没有确切答案。Lander的文章回顾了十年前的看法（3.5到10万个），介绍了最近的估计（2.1万个）。他引的文献是1997年PNAS的一篇论文。我感觉和我印象中的数字有差距，就查了一下最近的文献（ Pertea and Salzberg, 2010 ）。准确数字应该是在2.2-2.3万之间，人和人之间基因数目有一定差异，可以差到几十甚至几百个基因。 做研究还是要看原始文献或者专业综述。 另外提醒大家，就 像Lander这样的大人物也不是神，他也不可能对所有生物学知识进展了如指掌。在很专业的问题上，专家的看法比“大家”、“大师”更可信 。同时请参看本人另一博客《 圣经也出错：Genes IX的小错误 》。 Lander ES: Initial impact of the sequencing of the human genome. Nature 2011, 470: 187-197. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v470/n7333/full/nature09792.html Pertea M, Salzberg S: Between a chicken and a grape: estimating the number of human genes. Genome Biol 2010, 11: 206. http://genomebiology.com/2010/11/5/206/abstract http://www.cbcb.umd.edu/papers/HumanGeneCount-Pertea-Salzberg-reprint.pdf
科学网上好多网友都来自中国科学院。在日常生活中，人们常常被问到:"你的职业是什么?”或者白话一说，“你是干啥的?"。作为科学院里一名小兵，我的回答一般是:“做点小研究”。 这个好像没有什么特别的。但是在正式场合，这句小小的问话，好像还不太好回答。比如填履历表，我们这些做点小研究的人，在职业这栏到底应该填什么呢? 我一直填的是”科研人员”。但今天偶尔在网上看到一个中国职业大全表(http://hi.baidu.com/%D0%C4%CB%E6%D7%D4%C8%BB/blog/item/76bb0cfa2ea5c49f59ee909d.html)，跟我们最靠近的职业可能(/只有)是研发人员，是不是以后应该换上这个？ 但要真是填研发人员，感觉怎么像是来自企业，做过软件、产品开发什么的，将”发”字帖在自己身上，总觉得有点勉强。而且作为科学院人，总念念不忘科字，为什么职业这一栏没有与小科有关的? 再谈到出国开会，填签证表，一样，总要被问到what is your occupation? 我一直填的是researcher，今天一较真，查牛津字典，嘿，怎么没有这个单词，难道一直这么老土？ 在科学院，大家的奋斗轨迹是从(实习)助理研究员——副研究员——研究员。研究员到底应该怎样翻译？大家现在都自我翻译成assistant professor，associate professor and professor。教授一定要授很多课的，而在科学院，好多好多的我们，却没有很多时间和机会授课。我知道国外很多科研机构有research associate，research scientist， senior research scientist的position。也许这个是我们科学院人的职业的最贴近的说法。但在华夏，能自称自己是科学家的，好像要很大很大的勇气呢。 想来，不管怎样，researcher是再不能作为职业填在occupation一栏了。外国人不认，因为人家字典根本不收researcher这个单词；国人也不认，因为好多好多人，把”researcher”翻译成研究员，而不是研究人员，一字之差，差之千里。
标签: 研究人员
