在网友 tm66jjbj 的引导下,找到了一篇1989年于宗翰先生在《中国科学报》发表的质疑中医经络的文章,而文章的题目中的“经络”二字是打引号的,表明作者不相信中医的经络。据作者抱怨说,他原来的题目不是“质疑”(提出疑问),而是“置疑”(彻底否定),发表时编辑不经本人同意擅自修改,令他耿耿于怀,可见其态度是多么鲜明! 不知这个 于宗翰是何方神圣,于是百度了一下,但没有找到专门的词条,只有一条不确信息显示是上海免疫学研究所的研究员?看来此人不是已经作古,就是跟我一样是个小人物。如果他的确是研究免疫学的,那我们的共同特点就是都有生命科学背景,而且都不懂中医,但我比他强,我不懂我虚心,不会像他那样信口雌黄! 通常研究生命科学的人一般都秉持西方“还原论”思维,看不见摸不着的东西必然被斥为“伪科学”。但是,这些人似乎忘了,科学发现是一个从无到有的过程,而且有相对真理与绝对真理之分。也许此时是不明之事,彼时是已明之事,这让我能稍稍理解他了,因为他的这篇文章是20多年前发表的!不过,某些反中医人士把如此过时的东西拿出来就有些不合时宜了。 既然科学论者只相信科学,尤其相信洋人用英文发表的论文,那么我就只用一篇外国文献驳倒对经络的质疑吧!下面引用的是我前段时间发表的博文 针灸为何有奇效?既镇痛又抗炎 中的部分内容: 针灸抗炎的分子机理 Torres-Rosas R, et al. Dopamine mediates vagal modulation of the immune system by electroacupuncture. Nat Med 2014, 20: 291-295 这篇Nature系列文章目前还不能免费下载全文,但从孙学军老师的博文 针灸作用机制新解释 可以找到这篇文章。 Abstract Previous anti-inflammatory strategies against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals, had limited efficacy in clinical trials, in part because they targeted single cytokines and the experimental models failed to mimic clinical settings. Neuronal networks represent physiological mechanisms, selected by evolution to control inflammation, that can be exploited for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious disorders. Here, we report that sciatic nerve activation with electroacupuncture controls systemic inflammation and rescues mice from polymicrobial peritonitis. Electroacupuncture at the sciatic nerve controls systemic inflammation by inducing vagal activation of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, leading to the production of dopamine in the adrenal medulla. Experimental models with adrenolectomized mice mimic clinical adrenal insufficiency4, increase the susceptibility to sepsis and prevent the anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture. Dopamine inhibits cytokine production via dopamine type 1 (D1) receptors. D1 receptor agonists suppress systemic inflammation and rescue mice with adrenal insufficiency from polymicrobial peritonitis. Our results suggest a new anti-inflammatory mechanism mediated by the sciatic and vagus nerves that modulates the production of catecholamines in the adrenal glands. From a pharmacological perspective, the effects of selective dopamine agonists mimic the anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture and can provide therapeutic advantages to control inflammation in infectious and inflammatory disorders. 这篇文章描述了针灸消炎的新发现,将使针灸在未来疾病的治疗上产生“革命性”影响,它不再仅仅是镇痛那么简单,还可以用来对抗感染引起的炎症,尤其是抗药性细菌感染。研究表明,对坐骨神经及迷走神经的电针刺激,可以激活肾上腺髓质中的芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶,从而促进多巴胺的产生,而多巴胺可经由多巴胺1型(D1)受体抑制促炎细胞因子的合成,从而缓解全身炎症。下图数据显示,经电针刺激后,脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和干扰素γ(IFN- γ) 等促炎细胞因子的血清浓度明显降低,而且在6小时内未见升高。 假如于宗翰先生还能看到这篇原创论文的话,请回答:为何在腿部足三里(穴位)用电针刺激会作用到肾上腺和胸腺及其产生的免疫细胞?难道肾上腺和胸腺位于足三里不成? 附: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4d4952dc0101f52j.html 在我国,几乎所有的学科都在追赶世界先进水平,而孜孜以求追赶古代水平的大概只有两个课题——瓷器与“经络”。前者十分具体——古瓷现在烧不出来了,想方设法再烧出来;而后者十分玄妙——世界上还没有一个人能把它说得清楚。——题记 对中医“经络”的质疑 作者:于宗瀚(发表于 1989 年 1 月 6 日《中国科学报》学科·学术争鸣) “经络”的被提出是对当代生理学家的挑战。据称,早在两千多年前的《黄帝内经》中即已对“经络学说”有过较详细的叙述。此后,历代中医文献不断地有所补充和发挥。可是当代生理学家却对这样的“学说”全然茫然。严肃的生理学家们把人体从整体与环境的关系一直研究到细胞器乃至分子的水平,却一直未在人体上找到这一古老的传说。在我国,长期来,你可对经络作这样或那样的任意解释,唯独不许公开怀疑其存在。 “经络人”在哪里? 三分之一世纪以来,在我国各报刊和历次有关的某些会议上介绍了多少个“经络人”,事后证明无一例不是假的。 人类对客观世界的认识常是曲折的,有时会为研究对象周围各因素造成的假象所蒙蔽而暂时作出错误的结论。这是难免的,也是允许的。但对“经络人”的“研究”不属此类。 这里有两方面的问题:不管中医界对经络如何解释,只要你认为这是体内的独立系统,就不应该有“经络敏感人”与“经络不敏感人”之分。只要经络是存在的,则必应是普遍存在,诚如神经系统与血液循环是普遍存在的一样。另外,假使人们在肢上或躯体什么地方以某种物理信号表征出了一条特异的循行线,而此线正符合于古书中的某条经脉(且不说经络)。这就是一个生理现象。你尽可对之深入研究。但从严格的科学意义上来说,这与古书中的 12 经脉及其脉络相去远甚。严肃的科学家不搞牵强附会。 30 多年的“经络研究”中最有害的事情是,千方百计用现代的科学实验手段来证实与注解两千多年前所阐述的“经络”是客观存在的,然而却总也拿不出可信的证据。 上海文汇报于 1988 年 1 月 9 日刊载了摘自《中国妇女报》的重大信息:“我经络研究成果堪与四大发明齐名。”文内称“中国科学院生物物理所的科学家们经过 15 年研究证明,经络现象是客观存在的。他们还准确地描绘出 14 条宽约 1 毫米的人体经络循行线。” 使人费解的是,如此重大的科学新闻没有首先公开发表于科学专业报刊上,而是到并不对口的《中国妇女报》上去发布。不管怎么说,这一消息并不使生理学感到震惊。因为三分之一世纪以来,有关经络的研究成果消息几乎多得不可胜数,但都不是严格的科学报道,后来都一一被否定了。老喊狼来了,但却老是见不到真狼面目,大家听得腻了,听得疲了,也听得倦了。 然而, 1988 年 9 月 4 日的文汇报上又登载了如下的文章:“ …… 运用现代科学仪器,使国内外学者们终于看到:每当电测笔接触到人体经络线时,特制的仪表指针就大幅度摆动,监听者还可以从听筒听到突突之声,测试出的经络线路与古典经络图相符,从而证明经络独立存在于神经和血液循环两系统之外。” 看了这段文章,我感到心情复杂。对于全世界的生理学家来说,还有什么可用于人体的现代仪器未曾使用过,以至于竟然未曾找出中国两千年前就已知晓的“经络”?而这个“经络”的信号竟然能使仪表指针“大幅度摆动”,这不是使生理学者感到尴尬的挑战么?研究者何以证明从听筒里听到的突突之声为“经络”所特有?从逻辑上这又是怎样得以证明“经络”是独立存在于神经和血液循环两系统之外? “经络”毫无物质基础 记得 60 年代初人民日报正版刊载朝鲜金凤汉的“科学业绩”时,人们不是从文内所述的许多实验报告就一下子能判断出真伪的。但当人们读到金凤汉可从体液和体内的许多地方都测出了相当量的 DNA 时,就没有人再有耐心去读那篇长文了。眼前我们还未见到有关经络研究的相应长文,但“仪表指针的大幅度摆动”与“可以从听筒里听到的突突声”显然极大地降低了经络存在的可信性。 大概再也没有比 1988 年 10 月 26 日的文汇报关于经络的陈述更加混乱的了。这篇短报道的标题就是“经络现象有其物质基础”。全文不过如下 148 个字: “我国科学工作者发现,经络生物物理现象都有其物质基础,并提出经络是多层次、多功能、多形态立体结构的新观点。 有关专家说,经络系统是和神经、血管系统有联系却又是一种独特的系统。经脉线的低阻抗特性和表皮层的角质层较薄有关,经脉线的敏感现象和表皮真皮层的神经、神经末梢和肥大细胞分布有关,循经的高振动音和深层(肌肉层)的结缔组织有关。” 作为生理学工作者,读罢这 148 个字后,我的直接结论是:经络毫无物质基础。什么是“多层次、多功能、多形态的立体结构的新观点”?这观点并不新,因为人体本身就是个“多层次、多功能、多形态的立体结构”。上述研究者的观点无非是把“经络”与神经系统、血管系统、皮肤、肌肉、神经末梢和肥大细胞等等都放在一个锅里煮出了一锅大杂烩,而却又坚持不放掉“经络”是一种独特的系统这一顽固的概念;反过来问,如果没有“经络”,难道就无法解释研究者所观察到的各现象了吗?譬如说,“低阻抗特性和表皮层的角质层较薄有关”这件事对电生理学家来说只是最基本的常识;如果神经末梢与敏感现象无关的话,那么人体还有什么东西比神经末梢更具敏感性?而“经络”又是怎样参与其间的呢? 不得不遗憾地说,《科学报》 1988 年 11 月 25 日关于经络的报道又达到了一个前所未有的“高度”——“经络”已被证明普遍存在于生物界中(包括动物、植物体中)。经络研究者竟然把植物也拉扯进来。这样对待科学是不是显得轻浮了一些。经络主张者宣称,“如果承认经络的存在,那么一切医学部门都要研究与经络的关系。”这就等于说当今世界医学上的愚昧需要我国在战国时代之前即已形成的经络学说来予以彻底的改造!那么,植物又怎么办呢?草履虫、阿米巴。细菌和病毒这些生物界的成员怎么办呢?我诚挚地建议经络主张者,在科学问题上宁可 understate( 留有余地 ) ,万万不宜 overstate (言过其实)。 “经络”学说知多少 如果说“经络”竟然几乎与人体所有的系统和组织都有关,与那么多的生理现象都有关,不用经络,我们本来能够解释的那些生理现象,用了经络却使我们觉得概念混乱,这时我们情愿相信根本没有经络这回事。且让我们回忆一下历史。有的经络研究者认为穴位主治机能的却分情况,符合神经节段的划分;有人认为经络是中枢神经系统内特殊机能排列在人体局部的投射;还有经络 - 内脏 - 皮层相关说,经络与神经、体液调节机能相关说;类传导假说;还有人从生物电现象提出经络实质是人体内电通路的看法;有从生物控制论的观点出发,认为经络与血管系、淋巴系相关,是人体的综合发生系统(《简明中医词典》);有的认为经络是运行全身气血、联系脏腑肢节、沟通上下内外、调节体内各部分的通路;有的认为经络可能包括了神经、血管及内分泌等结构及其某些功能(《中医名词术语选释》)。从全国两千余篇研究“经络”的报道中整理出了有关经络的“学说”竟达 18 种之多(《现代经络研究文献综述》)。尽管经络主张者们提出了这么多的解释,然而他们几乎无例外地忘不了一句共同的结论,即:“经络是独立存在的系统”。“经络”既离不开这,也离不开那,然而它却又是“独立存在”的。经络主张者们长期地被这样一个悖论捆绑着,脱身不得,而且永远也不能自圆其说。 对于子虚乌有的东西,并不因为人们一再强调它的独立存在,而就会真地“独立存在”了。长久以来,经络有如幽灵一般困扰着经络主张者们。重要的是我们应不应该有一点起码的唯物主义观点?到今天为止,除个别人外,几乎所有的经络主张者都承认经络无结构。既然无结构,何来无结构的功能? 假说不等于学说 我认为,经络只是古人对人体所提出的一个十分原始与十分雏形的假说,最初见之于《内经》。所谓此后历代中医文献均有补充与发挥者,不过是历代人的因循守旧所使然。在两千多年前提出这一原始的假说时不可能有任何严格意义上的实践基础,因此“经络”可能是想象的产物。考虑到我国极其漫长的封建统治,可以设想,一旦“经络”写到书中,则后人谁敢背叛祖先的遗教?这种封建意识一直沿袭到今天以及今后的不可能很短的岁月。然则,如果真有一个经络系统在人体,今日的生理学手段一般说来是难能探测不出的。如果今日的各种科学手段都探测不出,那么两千多年前的古人是凭借什么构筑了“经络”的概念呢?今后,我们再也不应该把经络当成历史的金箍套在自己的头上了。经络毫无科学基础。经络毫无科学价值。 假说经过验证,可以成为学说;未能验证的假说,只不过是未能成立的假说而已。中医界有人长期来不仅要强调全然为(李清晨按:按本文的说理逻辑,此处的“为”应该是“未”之误,我对照了下报纸,原文如此)有物质基础的经络,而且还硬把这种虚无缥缈的经络称之为学说。这样做不仅在学术上毫无意义,而且一点也提高不了“经络”的身价。 另一个现象是表面上虽说是“经络”,但实际上经络主张者在“经”上作文章,从未在“络”上干出什么事。而所谓“经”也局限于胳膊和腿上。理由很简单,上下肢都是很长的柱形。很少有什么生理现象在肢上不沿长柱形的纵向方向行进,因此,经络研究者们最易于在这种地方观察到以物理信号为指标的所谓的“循经路线”。这是他们只能谈“经”而谈不出“络”的道理。 我们注意到了《国外对经络问题的研究》一书包括了 757 篇文献,但我们不会因为有外国人也研究而在批评问题时却步。我们也读了《现代经络研究文献综述》。要指出的是该书所引用的是我国近半个世纪的 2759 篇文献中含有多少水分?其中有多少是可以接受的,是可信的?其中有相当多的内容是在大搞群众运动的情况下得到的“资料”,未曾受过任何严格的审查。所谓从 18 个省、 2 个市及 2 个解放军医院得到的在 20 万普查对象中找到的 500 多名敏感人《该书第 1 页》,生理学家们敢不敢接受这样的“资料”?若是读了“用化学示踪法的研究”一节(该书第 49-50 页),读者对循经路线还能有什么幻想呢?一条胳膊不是由单一组织构成的。有的部分组织致密,有的部分相对疏松。同位素或染料向疏松处弥散是很自然的,这一点也不值得惊奇。得到了这样的结果后,不管是中国还是外国,经络主张者要么说他们找到的循行路线与中医文献记载的经络“极为相似”,或者说与经络走向“基本相同”。可以断言,他们将永远也找不到“完全相符”的。我很奇怪,那些找到了循经路线的经络研究者们,如果与中医文献记载的有所不符,如果你们的实验是可重复的,如果你们不是那么没有信心,怎么就不敢出来说一声“我们老祖宗把经络线画错了”呢?为什么连这么一点点勇气都没有呢?还必须指出,该书引用了不少生理学家所研究的、并发表于严肃的科学刊物上的关于针刺镇痛一类的文献,而那些生理学家们却并不承认“经络”!他们只承认他们自己亲手做出来的结果。他们不愿作不严肃与不科学的引伸。今后在我国讨论任何科学问题时还是应该有赛先生与德先生在场为好。 ( PS :感谢网友 @ fisher916 翻到的这篇旧文献,他拍照后逐字输入的,我对着照片校对了一下,改了两个错别字重新贴在博客上。看完这篇文章的感受是,关于经络的争议,其实早在 24 年前就应该被终结了,孰料今日的中医邪教徒仍不肯正视现实。 于宗瀚先生作为一名生理学科研工作者,能够在国内媒体上发出这样理性睿智又不乏勇气的声音,实属难能可贵,反观今日医学及基础医学方面的研究者,对中医相关的话题要么报以沉默,要么曲意逢迎,实在令人痛心之至,不少学者在私下里对方舟子的成名表示不服、不屑,可方舟子所以因批判中医而声名鹊起,不正是由于大量学者在这方面碌碌无为造成公众在中医认识的问题方面普遍愚昧,才给了方舟子以扬名立万的机会么?今天的研究者们,你们有没有于宗瀚先生的为人风骨和学术品行?在中医的问题上,你们敢不敢直面现实勇敢亮剑?还要让中华民族继续愚昧愚蠢到几时?别再集体发昏装聋作哑了!关于题目,作者在另一篇文章中提到:“ 《对中医“经络”的质疑》一文,题目不妥。我的原稿上写的是“置疑”,不幸被中国科学报社的编辑在未得到我同意的情况下给改成了“质疑”。置疑是彻底否定,质疑是提出疑问。拙文内容当然是毫无通融余地地否定人体内有什么“经络”的存在。所谓的“经络”,如果不是子虚,那就是乌有。可是自那之后迄今我没有在国内读到过一篇反驳我的文章。我向中国科学报社提问过,回答称,自《对中医“经络”的质疑》一文发表后,他们收到过两、三篇反对的文章,但内容都是骂人的,没有学术内容,他们当然不予发表。 ” )
今天看到周耀旗博主写的“ 镇痛的堵和疏 ”一文,谈及针灸治好了他太太的脚痛,而此前曾用过镇痛药,但似乎不太管用,这说明中医药(包括针灸、推拿)在矫正身体不适或意外损伤(如头痛脑热、跌打损伤)方面有其独特疗效,尽管绝大多数人(包括针灸师)不一定能圆满地解释针灸治病的原理。 针灸镇痛的疗效应该是确切和得到广泛认同的,但恐怕很多人认为针灸镇痛仍然是治“标”不治“本”,因为它并不知道也没触及疼痛的根源。当我看到Nature Medicine上的一篇最新论文后,才知道针灸不仅仅能镇痛,而且还能抗炎,当然还有许多其他方面的奇效。就针灸消炎来说,由于很多“痛”都是由“炎”引起的,如类风湿性关节炎引起的关节红肿和疼痛,让我联想到针灸是否既能治标(缓解疼痛感觉)又能治本(消除引起疼痛的病因)呢? 最近,我有个针灸推拿专业毕业的学生打算做针灸加药治疗类风湿关节炎的实验研究,此前我们曾用青蒿素和雷帕霉素等药物治疗过本病。于是,学生查阅了大量中英文文献,我也陪着做了一点“功课”,很有收获。不过,我掌握的针灸中文文献还不多,而且只重点研读了有关针灸作用机理的英文文献,其中有3份文献分别阐明了针灸“镇痛”、“抗应激”和“消炎”的分子机制,现择要介绍如下。 针灸镇痛的分子机理 Goldman N, et al. Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture. Nat Neurosci 2010, 13(7): 883-888. 此文为NIH Public Access,任何人可以从PubMed Central免费下载和阅读。 Abstract Acupuncture is an invasive procedure commonly used to relieve pain. Acupuncture is practiced worldwide, despite difficulties in reconciling its principles with evidence-based medicine. We found that adenosine, a neuromodulator with anti-nociceptive properties, was released during acupuncture in mice and that its anti-nociceptive actions required adenosine A1 receptor expression. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture. Inhibition of enzymes involved in adenosine degradation potentiated the acupuncture-elicited increase in adenosine, as well as its anti-nociceptive effect. These observations indicate that adenosine mediates the effects of acupuncture and that interfering with adenosine metabolism may prolong the clinical benefit of acupuncture. 小鼠中的实验表明,针灸可以诱导镇痛性神经调节剂——腺苷的分泌,而其发挥镇痛效果的前提是腺苷与腺苷A1受体结合。用腺苷A1受体拮抗剂注射小鼠,可以复制针灸的镇痛作用。用腺苷降解酶抑制剂注射小鼠,可以提高腺苷的含量,同时增强其镇痛效果。这个实验说明腺苷就是针灸镇痛作用的分子基础,腺苷分解越慢,其镇痛持续的时间就越长。 针灸抗应激的分子机理 Eshkevari L, et al. Acupuncture at ST36 prevents chronic stress-induced increases in neuropeptide Y in rat. Exp Bio Med 2012, 237:18-23. 该文的PDF版可以在google直接搜索到,请自行下载和阅读。 Abstract Chronic stress, as seen in post-traumatic stress disorder, can exacerbate existing diseases. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proposed to treat chronic stress, although information on its efficacy or mechanism(s) of action is limited. While many factors contribute to the chronic stress response, the sympathetic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), has been shown to be elevated in chronic stress and is hypothesized to contribute to the physiological stress response. Our objective was to determine if EA at acupuncture point stomach 36 (ST36) is effective in mitigating cold stress-induced increase in NPY in rats. Both pretreatment and concomitant treatment with EA ST36 effectively suppressed peripheral and central NPY after 14 d of cold stress (P, 0.05). The effect was specific, as NPY in Sham-EA rats was not different than observed in stress-only rats. Additionally, the effect of EA ST36 was long-lasting, as NPY levels remained suppressed despite early cessation of EA ST36, while exposure to cold stress was continued. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), it was notable that changes in NPY mirrored plasma NPY levels, and that the significant elevation in PVN Y1 receptor observed with stress was also prevented with EA ST36. The findings indicate that EA ST36 is effective in preventing one of the sympathetic pathways stimulated during chronic stress, and thus may be a useful adjunct therapy in stress-related disorders. 该文用大鼠所做实验的结果表明,除镇痛外,针灸还能缓解长时间寒冷诱发的生理应激反应。冷应激的分子基础就是大量分泌交感神经肽——神经肽Y(NPY),而针灸足三里就能抑制NPY的分泌,同时也会阻止下丘脑室旁核(PVN)Y1受体的增加。这项研究表明在足三里处针灸能阻断慢性应激刺激的交感神经通路,可用于应激相关疾病的辅助治疗。 针灸抗炎的分子机理 Torres-Rosas R, et al. Dopamine mediates vagal modulation of the immune system by electroacupuncture. Nat Med 2014, 20: 291-295 这篇Nature系列文章目前还不能免费下载全文,但从孙学军老师的博文 针灸作用机制新解释 可以找到这篇文章。 Abstract Previous anti-inflammatory strategies against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitals, had limited efficacy in clinical trials, in part because they targeted single cytokines and the experimental models failed to mimic clinical settings. Neuronal networks represent physiological mechanisms, selected by evolution to control inflammation, that can be exploited for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious disorders. Here, we report that sciatic nerve activation with electroacupuncture controls systemic inflammation and rescues mice from polymicrobial peritonitis. Electroacupuncture at the sciatic nerve controls systemic inflammation by inducing vagal activation of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase, leading to the production of dopamine in the adrenal medulla. Experimental models with adrenolectomized mice mimic clinical adrenal insufficiency4, increase the susceptibility to sepsis and prevent the anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture. Dopamine inhibits cytokine production via dopamine type 1 (D1) receptors. D1 receptor agonists suppress systemic inflammation and rescue mice with adrenal insufficiency from polymicrobial peritonitis. Our results suggest a new anti-inflammatory mechanism mediated by the sciatic and vagus nerves that modulates the production of catecholamines in the adrenal glands. From a pharmacological perspective, the effects of selective dopamine agonists mimic the anti-inflammatory effects of electroacupuncture and can provide therapeutic advantages to control inflammation in infectious and inflammatory disorders. 这篇文章描述了针灸消炎的新发现,将使针灸在未来疾病的治疗上产生“革命性”影响,它不再仅仅是镇痛那么简单,还可以用来对抗感染引起的炎症,尤其是抗药性细菌感染。研究表明,对坐骨神经及迷走神经的电针刺激,可以激活肾上腺髓质中的芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶,从而促进多巴胺的产生,而多巴胺可经由多巴胺1型(D1)受体抑制促炎细胞因子的合成,从而缓解全身炎症。下图数据显示,经电针刺激后,脂多糖诱导的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和干扰素γ(IFN- γ) 等促炎细胞因子的血清浓度明显降低,而且在6小时内未见升高。 为什么针灸能抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌呢?作者的观点是针灸通过多巴胺起抗炎作用。可是,我们在小鼠中所做的初步电针实验发现了一种有关免疫抑制的奇特现象,目前正在重复这个实验结果。假如这种现象可以重复出现,也许我们可以为针灸抑制促炎细胞因子合成的机理提供另一种解释。 话说回来,若周耀旗博主太太的脚痛真是由于某种炎症引起的,那么针灸的抗炎止痛作用就是“有的放矢”了,但也不能排除脚痛就是久站引起的疲劳性损伤。对此,根据针灸止痛的持续时间是否可以加以区分呢?比如,一次性治愈就是疲劳性损伤,而必须多次治疗就是炎症性疼痛。我的这个判断是不是靠谱,请行家们不吝斧正。 小小新娘花(云菲菲) 花蝴蝶(田丰)
Nat Neurosci. 2010 Jul;13(7):883-8. Acupuncture is an invasive procedure commonly used to relieve pain. Acupuncture is practiced worldwide, despite difficulties in reconciling its principles with evidence-based medicine. We found that adenosine, a neuromodulator with anti-nociceptive properties, was released during acupuncture in mice and that its anti-nociceptive actions required adenosine A1 receptor expression. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture. Inhibition of enzymes involved in adenosine degradation potentiated the acupuncture-elicited increase in adenosine, as well as its anti-nociceptive effect. These observations indicate that adenosine mediates the effects of acupuncture and that interfering with adenosine metabolism may prolong the clinical benefit of acupuncture. ************************************************************* 《科学时报》 (2010-6-1 A4 国际) 研究人员对于针灸如何减缓疼痛给出了两种假设。一种假设认为针刺激活了痛觉神经,后者能够引发大脑释放一种类似于鸦片的化合物——多肽——并在全身循环。另一种假设则提出针灸的疗效实际上基于一种安慰剂效应,即使患者认为释放了多肽。美国纽约州罗彻斯特大学医学中心的神经科学家Maiken Nedergaard对上述两种假设都表示怀疑,因为针灸并不疼,并且也仅仅在针刺入痛处附近才起作用。Nedergaard转而推测,当针灸师刺入并旋转针头后,这些针实际在组织中造成了轻微的创伤,并释放出了一种名为腺苷的化合物,而后者恰好充当了一种局部止疼剂的作用。 Nedergaard首先给他刚刚16岁的女儿Nanna Goldman分派了一项夏季作业——Goldman和其他研究人员在Nedergaard的实验室中轻微麻醉了一些小鼠,从而使它们能够保持静止不动,随后研究人员在小鼠小腿的一个针灸点上插入了一根针,并对针头周围的流体进行了采样分析。他们发现,其中的腺苷比正常水平增加了24倍——这似乎大有希望。 接下来,研究人员测试了加大腺苷的作用是否有助于减缓两类慢性脚部疼痛——炎症的疼痛,例如关节炎,以及神经损伤的疼痛,例如脊髓受损或糖尿病并发症。通过实施神经外科手术或注射能够促进炎症的物质,研究人员使小鼠的脚部患上了上述这些疾病。 研究人员随后在小鼠的痛处进行针刺或局部注射一种能够促进腺苷作用的药物,进而减少了小鼠对痛觉的敏感程度。但是这两种疗法在缺乏一种细胞表面受体——能够使腺苷发挥效用——的小鼠中都无法减缓疼痛。Nedergaard认为,这些发现证明了腺苷起到了一种生化信使的作用,从而在针灸过程中减缓了疼痛。 为了确定是否能够人为促进针灸的疼痛抑制效应,研究人员向小鼠体内注射了一种药物,进而使机体组织能够积累更多的腺苷。研究人员发现,这种药物使得腺苷在体内的存留时间延长了3倍,从而也使抑制疼痛的时间从1个小时延长至3个小时。研究人员在5月30日的《自然—神经科学》杂志网络版上报告了这一研究成果。尽管他们所使用的药物——一种名为deoxycoformycin的抗癌药——因毒性过强而无法在临床上使用,但Nedergaard仍然认为这一发现“证明了针灸的疗效是可以得到改进的”。 研究人员认为,针灸治疗历史悠久,但由于其作用原理一直不太清楚,许多人对针灸持怀疑态度,而本次研究揭示了针灸止痛的确存在科学原理。 美国马萨诸塞州查尔斯顿市哈佛医学院的神经科学家Vitaly Napadow认为,这是一项具有“里程碑意义的研究”,它用“极度精确的操作和非常清晰的假设排除了其他的可能性”。接下来研究人员还需要进行更多的测试,从而看看这种在被麻醉的小鼠身上起作用的痛觉抑制机制是否也能够在清醒的人体中奏效。Napadow表示:“尽管我并不知道这种效应是否也对人起作用,但我认为它是非常重要的第一步。”
http://edu.china.com.cn/2012-10/18/content_26830483.htm Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com Open in Google Docs Viewer Open link in new tab Open link in new window Open link in new incognito window Download file Copy link address Edit PDF File on PDFescape.com 厦大女硕士爱上中医针灸 17年后再度参加高考 教育中国-中国网 edu.china.com.cn 时间: 2012-10-18 10:01 责任编辑: 段玉 吴艺晖 展示其校园卡。 吴艺晖的学历证书。 就在半个月前,漳州卫生职业学院迎来一位特殊的新生。她,名叫吴艺晖,厦门大学本科、 硕士研究生 毕业。然而,怀揣硕士学位的她并没有考博继续深造,却“走回头路”改上大专,让人觉得不可思议。 昨日,在漳州卫生职业学院的教学楼,记者见到刚上完课走出教室的“高材生”,听她讲述做出这一选择背后的故事。 本科毕业后,月薪过4000 祖籍泉州的吴艺晖是个土生土长的厦门人,她的父亲吴家庆,系厦门市中医院一位知名的中医针灸医师,曾经师从针灸专家陈应龙。吴艺晖从小就耳濡目染父亲的高超医术,慈爱的父亲也曾征求过她是否愿意随其学医,不过那个时候吴艺晖选择了拒绝。吴艺晖说,因为她的父母都是医生,平日里工作异常繁忙,根本抽不出什么时间来陪伴她,虽然那个时候自己还小,但是她担心长大后的自己“重蹈覆辙”,便产生了抗拒心理。因此,18岁那年参加高考,她 填报志愿 时毅然选择了厦门大学工商管理专业。 1999年,吴艺晖从厦门大学本科毕业,直接进入厦门的一家保险公司工作。月薪4000多元的她,过起了标准白领的生活。要不是父亲神奇的针灸带给她的震撼,也许她这样的生活会一直继续下去。 机缘巧合,爱上了中医针灸 吴艺晖上面还有一个哥哥,父亲原想让儿子子承父业,但是她的哥哥对针灸并不感兴趣,只是跟着父亲学了推拿,父亲高超的针灸技术因此面临着后继无人的困境。2004年的一天,两个脑瘫儿童患者的父母带着小孩登门感谢父亲吴家庆。原来,他们的小孩在四处求医无果的情况下,找到吴艺晖父亲施行针灸治疗,奇迹就在父亲手中的银针下发生,脑瘫患儿症状明显改善,吴艺晖因此被打动了。“那么有意义的一件事,怎么能因为后继无人而失传呢?”吴艺晖说,这件事对她触动很大,同父亲沟通交流后,她下了辞职回家学医的决心。从那时起,原先并不愿意接受学医的吴艺晖改变了自己的初衷,生活也从此发生了一百八十度的 大转折 。 在同事诧异的眼神中辞职后,吴艺晖一心一意跟着父亲学起了中医针灸。“那个时候真的是心惊肉跳,整个人都非常紧张,全身都出了汗。”想起当年自己第一次试针的情景,她还历历在目。不过,万事开头难,慢慢地,小小的银针,她拿得起放得下,可时间一长,她发现了一个问题,那就是自己并没有获得行医资格。为了弥补医学上的理论知识,也为了自己未来的医学道路能够更加顺畅、走得更远,反复斟酌之后,她决定考研,目标是厦门大学 生物医学工程专业 。 然而,由于吴艺晖原先念的是文科,但这个研究生方向属于理科。第一年考研,因专业课不熟悉的她没有考上。不过,第二年她就顺利考上了,还拿到了公费资格,成为她的导师首次招收的文科生。然而,事与愿违的是,在她研究生毕业后,她才发现自己依然没法取得执业医师证。按照有关规定,如果她想要在医学这条道路上走得更远,就得系统地接受3至5年的全日制医学专业教育。 刚上完课,吴艺晖(右)与同学一同走出教室。 17年后,她再度参加高考 再次参加高考,上医学院校,或者放弃继承父亲针灸衣钵,这两条路生硬地摆在吴艺晖的面前。选择回校读书,不考虑到其他人异样眼神,单是17年后再次备战高考就够呛的,之后还有3年漫长的专业求学生涯。尽管亲朋好友都发出反对的声音,但是她深知父亲的殷切期望有多重。苦苦思索了一番,为了针灸梦想,吴艺晖再次拿起了 高考复习 材料,把自己埋在书本里整整复习了一个月。“父亲最了解我,他自始至终都非常支持我的选择,期待我继承针灸。”吴艺晖回想当初,非常感激父亲。 填报高考的情景,吴艺晖记忆犹新。由于她找不到原先的高中毕业证书,报考时她带上了本科和硕士证书。当时,连招考老师也纳闷,赶忙问,“你是来凑热闹的吧!不能这么开玩笑的。”“我就是来报名,我就是要参加高考。”吴艺晖这句简单回答,换来的是周边老师的目瞪口呆。 功夫不负有心人,再次参加高考的她,考取总分386分。尽管这个分数不算高,但是只有她自己最清楚,这个成绩是多么难得,她已经尽力了。接下来填报志愿,她无意间得知她表哥原先就读漳州卫校,现在卫校已经升格为漳州卫生职业学院,学院各方面条件都不错。于是,她郑重地在 高考志愿 一栏填了漳州卫生职业学院,期待在临床医学专业上收获自己梦寐以求的医学专科证书。 班级里,她是“大姐大” 梦想总是垂青有准备的人,吴艺晖欣喜万分地收到漳州卫生职业学院的录取通知书。在爸妈的陪同下,今年9月,吴艺晖踏进了卫职院的校园。尽管是人生中第二次来到漳州,从 厦大 研究生到卫生学院的大专生之间有不小的落差,但是她还是暗自高兴。“校园环境也不错,虽然小了点,但是被浓浓的人情味包围着,很有温馨之感。”她说。 吴艺晖以大龄新生再次抱着书本走进课堂,但她选择不住校,每天从宿舍往返学校,从来不落下每一节课。吴艺晖所在的班级包括她共有47个学生,除了她都是“90后”,彼此的年龄差距比较大,但是与那些同学相处,她并没有感到不适。“平时我上课的时候也会跟他们一起探讨一些专业课上的问题,我还会跟他们交流一些中医针灸方面的知识,他们也都非常感兴趣。”吴艺晖开心地说,而那些同学们对她也很是尊敬,大家平日里都喜欢叫她一声“姐”。 对于未来,自掏学费的她在校园内如一条书虫,沉浸在知识的海洋中。她说:“中医很深奥,要学到真本领,毕竟未来赚钱是一回事,更重要的是要对病人的生命负责。”吴艺晖认真地说,她不会后悔自己的选择,选择医学就要一生为之而努力。
删掉了作者个别过激语句,需读完整版全文的网友请自己用题目google一下。 本人只想在科学网博客中将此文存档,不想参与其中的争论。对此文有意见的网友,请自己写博客批评此文,我这里暂时就不开放评论了。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 中国人的肝炎90%是针灸传播的,是医源性疾病 作者:王澄 皮肤的重要功能之一就是把人体内环境和外部环境隔绝开来,避免外部环境 的有害因素侵入到人体内部来,比如,细菌和病毒。中国人发明的针灸是人类社 会最荒唐的事,“主动地”给自己身上打十几个(针灸)洞,放细菌和病毒进入 人的身体内部。 果然,老天不负有“洞”人,中国卫生部门报告中国有一亿多病毒性肝炎患 者,也就是每十个人中有一个肝炎病人。前不久美国的加州报告,(多数为大陆 移民的)华人肝炎患病率是十个人有一个,而对照比较,白人是一千人中有一个。 华人肝炎患病率是白人的100倍。 请再看一些事实细节: 2007年1月中国卫生部肝炎防治委员会委员,著名肝病专家徐道振教授表示, 乙肝是世界性的常见病、多发病。据有关资料显示,全世界约有3亿乙型肝炎病 毒感染者,仅中国就有1亿人,且每年新增3000万乙肝患者,而这一数字目前正 呈上升趋势。 美国的文献报道,世界上大约有3亿5千万人,占世界人口的5%感染了乙肝, 他们中的20%会发展成为肝硬化和肝癌。据世界卫生组织统计,每年有50万到1百 20万人死于乙肝感染的后果,成为人类第十位死亡原因。 Approximately 5% of the world's population (ie, 350 million people) is chronically infected with HBV. Approximately 20% of these individuals will eventually develop HBV-related cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the World Health Organization, these HBV-related complications lead to 0.5 to 1.2 million deaths each year, making HBV the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. 美国每年有约20万乙肝新病人,总共约有1百25万乙肝病人,其中每年有4千 人死于肝硬化,1千人死于肝癌。 Approximately 200,000 new cases of HBV infection occur each year in the US. About 250-350 patients die from HBV-associated fulminant hepatic failure each year. A pool of approximately 1.25 million chronic HBV carriers exists in the US. Of these patients, 4000 die from HBV-induced cirrhosis each year and 1000 die from HBV-induced HCC each year. (注:美国白人的乙肝可能比其他族裔的发病率低。美国乙肝病人比率3亿 比1百25万,等于2千多比1人,这只是乙肝,并不是全部病毒性肝炎的人数和比 列)。 当我们提出中国人的肝炎是针灸传播的意见之后,有人小心翼翼地说假话, 说中国人的肝炎是“垂直”传播的,即母婴传播。那么我们要问,假如孩子5岁, 妈妈30-35岁,姥姥55-60岁,那么妈妈和姥姥的肝炎从哪儿来的? 把“病毒性肝炎” viral hepatitis emedicine 打入google,看到流行病 学报告传播方式如下: 注:HAV, 就是 Hepatitis A Virus 的缩写,甲肝病毒。HBV,乙肝病毒。 HCV,丙肝病毒。 Epidemiology of viral hepatitis Typical patterns of virus transmission are as follows, with + symbols indicating the frequency of transmission (more + symbols indicated increased frequency): 病毒性肝炎传播方式如下:加号越多,这种传播的方式越强。 1.Fecal-oral transmission (粪口传播) HAV (+++) 甲肝病毒三个加号 HEV (+++) 2.Parenteral transmission (注射针/破皮传播)我指出的针灸针传播 HBV (+++) 乙肝病毒三个加号 HCV (+++) 丙肝病毒三个加号 HDV (++) HGV (++) HAV (+) 甲肝病毒一个加号 3.Sexual transmission (不带避孕套的性交行为传播) HBV (+++) 乙肝病毒三个加号 HDV (++) HCV (+) 丙肝病毒一个加号 4.Perinatal transmission (母婴生产时传播) HBV (+++) 乙肝病毒三个加号 HCV (+) 丙肝病毒一个加号 HDV (+) 5.Sporadic (unknown) transmission (散在,不明原因的传播) HBV (+) 乙肝病毒一个加号 HCV (+) 丙肝病毒一个加号 从上述这个传播方式来看,乙肝和丙肝在第二种(注射针/破皮传播)中是 最强的;乙肝在第三种(不带避孕套的性交行为传播)中最强,而丙肝较弱;乙 肝在第四种(母婴生产时传播)中最强,而丙肝较弱。 所以,如果拿美国白人和中国人比,就说第三种方式(不带避孕套的性交行 为传播)和第四种方式(母婴生产时传播),还没有任何证据说明两国人有明显 社会行为不同,可能有医疗水平的不同。唯一明显不同的是第二种方式(注射针 /破皮传播),也是我指出的针灸针传播,针灸只有中国人在大量使用,美国人 基本不用。 中国报道丙肝爆发,又一次有力地证明了针灸是传播肝炎的主要途径。 请看上面的传播方式,丙肝主要是经过第二种方式(注射针/破皮传播),也是 我指出的针灸针传播。丙肝并不主要经母婴传播,谎言又一次被揭穿。 中国政府直到2000年才开始在大城市的大医院里提倡一次性使用的针灸针, 就别提小地方和农村了。就是在大医院,很多特殊的针灸针都被使用了上千次了, 中国政府鼓励的小刀针也不是一次就扔的。 又有人撒谎说,以前医院注射的针头不是用一次就弃用的,所以传播了肝炎。 可是,医院的针头是严格消毒的。病人在医院里屁股上打了一针,和中医不(严 格)消毒的针灸针给病人扎上30根,哪种方式能够成为中国传播乙肝和丙肝的主 要途径? 回到1960年代到1990年代的中国,你认为当时的医院不知道注射针头消毒不 彻底会传染疾病,还是没有受过正规教育的中医不知道针灸针消毒不彻底会传染 疾病? 大陆中国人的肝炎90%是针灸传播的,这叫做“医源性传播”,也就是病人 到医生那里,为了去除自己已经得的病,当他从医生那儿回来,得了一个新病。 病毒性肝炎不是一个小病,可以发展到肝硬化,肝癌。孙中山就是肝炎转肝癌死 的。 今天的中国,针灸又有了一个新的任务,除了传播病毒性肝炎之外,还要传 播艾滋病,因为艾滋病的传播方式和肝炎一样,也是血液和体液传播。在美国, 当怀疑病人有艾滋病时,要同时检查病毒性肝炎,因为它俩会同时出现。 一亿“肝民”们应当找政府讨要“政府伤害人民赔偿金”,并且要求全部免 费治疗肝炎,肝硬化,肝癌。 参考阅读 张功耀:从皮肤的功能说到针灸的危害。新语丝2010年4月30日 王澄:中国政府鼓励中医针灸又闯下大祸:丙肝爆发。新语丝2009年5 月16日 摘要:2009年5月15日健康报报道“我国丙肝报告病例数大幅增加,漏报率 高达52%”。“仅2008年1月~7月就报告了12万例,约是2003年的6倍。我国丙肝 死亡率排在疾病死亡率第五位,而目前人们还普遍缺乏对丙肝的正确认识。” 据eMedicine介绍,世界上约有一亿七千万丙肝 病人。丙肝是由血液传播的,在富有国家,丙肝主要是由共用静脉用毒品针头传 播的。1990年以前,不少人是因为输血传播的。2000年,Frank等报告在埃及出 现了由于(共用了)治疗血吸虫病的针头而造成大规模爆发,丙肝感染率达到 22%。 2008年中国大规模的丙肝爆发,(突然多增加的病例)原因到底哪里? 王澄:针灸曾是肝炎传播的重要方式。医学评论(网)yxpl.net 2009 年4月21日 摘要:自1949年半文盲的中国政府接管中国的医疗卫生事业以来,因为有限 的医疗资源只能用在大城市“老爷们”身上,所以对广大的农民采取了几乎是零 服务的“一根针一棵草”的欺骗方式。但是,政府领导人谁也没有想到这根针扎 了张三扎李四,成为中国传播肝炎的重要方式和途径。就像1995年河南推广血浆 经济的时候,就是因为政府无知造成了艾滋病的传播。针灸大规模传播肝炎和卖 血浆传播艾滋病都是人类历史上从未有过的先例,“医疗行为”会给一个民族带 来不可挽回的传染病流行灾难,就是因为这个民族太落后了。 王献章:针灸妖术在民间。新语丝2009年9月23日 王澄:为什么不考虑针灸也能传播艾滋病?新语丝2009年8月12日 王澄:高度警惕针刀也能传播肝炎和艾滋病。新语丝2009年7月7日 王澄:号召全民拒绝医疗方提供的(拆封后的)针灸针。新语丝2009年 7月2日 王澄:呼吁中国全面禁止非医疗单位的随意针灸行为,减少肝炎和艾滋 病的传播。新语丝2009年4月24日 饶慧瑛:丙肝更易转成慢性肝炎。健康报2009年9月15日 注:北京大学人民医院北京大学肝病研究所副主任医师饶慧瑛第一次承认 “针刺”传播肝炎。 摘要:哪些人要警惕染上丙肝? 丙肝有以下十大高危人群。有偿献血者,尤其是有献血浆史者;1993年前接 受输血和接受器官移植者;共用注射器者;艾滋病病毒感染者;感染丙肝母亲所 生的婴儿;针刺、刀伤或黏膜暴露丙肝病毒阳性血液者;与丙肝感染者有性行为 者;曾接受介入性诊疗(胃镜、内窥镜、牙科器械)的患者;有过文身、文眉、 穿耳环孔的人;维持血液透析者。 (XYS20110708) ◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)◇◇ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 本人只想在科学网博客中将此文存档,不想参与其中的争论。对此文有意见的网友,请自己写博客批评此文,我这里暂时就不开放评论了。
http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nn.2562.html Nature Neuroscience | Article Adenosine A1 receptors mediate local anti-nociceptive effects of acupuncture (Image from: http://pubs.acs.org/isubscribe/journals/cen/88/i23/html/8823scic1.html ) Nature Neuroscience Published online: 30 May 2010 Abstract Acupuncture is an invasive procedure commonly used to relieve pain . Acupuncture is practiced worldwide, despite difficulties in reconciling its principles with evidence-based medicine. We found that adenosine , a neuromodulator with anti-nociceptive properties, was released during acupuncture in mice and that its anti-nociceptive actions required adenosine A1 receptor expression. Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist replicated the analgesic effect of acupuncture. Inhibition of enzymes involved in adenosine degradation potentiated the acupuncture-elicited increase in adenosine, as well as its anti-nociceptive effect. These observations indicate that adenosine mediates the effects of acupuncture and that interfering with adenosine metabolism may prolong the clinical benefit of acupuncture.
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/ acupuncture and fibromyalgia syndrome 105 documents semantically analyzed top author statistics 1 2 Top Years Publications 2007 14 2006 12 2005 10 2009 9 2008 9 2000 7 2010 6 2004 6 1999 6 1998 4 2001 3 2003 2 2002 2 1997 2 1992 2 1996 1 1995 1 1993 1 1991 1 1989 1 1 2 Top Countries Publications USA 36 United Kingdom 7 Germany 7 China 6 Sweden 6 Turkey 3 Switzerland 3 Spain 2 Brazil 2 Netherlands 2 Japan 1 Israel 1 France 1 Singapore 1 Russia 1 Belgium 1 Canada 1 1 2 3 Top Cities Publications Ann Arbor 7 Baltimore 5 Exeter 4 Essen 4 Beijing 3 Stockholm 3 Seattle 3 So Paulo 2 Diyarbak?r 2 Gainesville 2 Munich 2 Boston 2 Linkping 2 Geneva 2 Kyoto 1 Chicago 1 Cleveland 1 Toledo, Spain 1 Shijiazhuang 1 Madrid 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 Top Journals Publications Acupunct Med 5 Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 4 J Altern Complement Med 3 Rheumatology (oxford) 3 Best Pract Res Cl Rh 3 J Altern Complem Med 3 Ann Intern Med 3 Bmj 3 Am Fam Physician 2 Rheumatol Int 2 Altern Ther Health M 2 Mmw Fortschr Med 2 Curr Rheumatol Rep 2 Mayo Clin Proc 2 Clin Exp Rheumatol 2 Curr Pain Headache Rep 2 Eur J Pain 2 J Rheumatol Suppl 2 South Med J 2 Ugeskr Laeger 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 ... 27 Top Terms Publications Fibromyalgia 104 Humans 94 Acupuncture 85 Patients 61 Acupuncture Therapy 54 Syndrome 46 Treatment Outcome 31 Adult 30 Evaluation Studies as Topic 26 Middle Aged 26 Medicine 24 Complementary Therapies 24 Pain 24 Pain Measurement 23 Physics 19 Therapeutics 16 Acupuncture Analgesia 16 Fatigue 15 Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic 15 Exercise 15 1 2 3 ... 27 1 2 3 ... 13 Top Authors Publications Clauw D 4 Berman B 4 Swyers J 4 Lund I 3 Gracely R 3 Ernst E 3 Singh B 2 Imamura M 2 Gur A 2 Irnich D 2 Staud R 2 Lundeberg T 2 McLean S 2 Harris R 2 Williams D 2 Petzke F 2 Gerdle B 2 Sandberg M 2 Lindberg L 2 Buchwald D 2 1 2 3 ... 13 系统综述 http://plus.mcmaster.ca/EvidenceUpdates/MMA.aspx?ArticleID=33691 Langhorst J, Klose P, Musial F, et al. Efficacy of acupuncture in fibromyalgia syndrome--a systematic review with a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Apr;49(4):778-88. Epub 2010 Jan 25. (Review) PMID: 20100789 ReadAbstract ReadComments DISCIPLINE RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE IS THIS NEWS? General Internal Medicine-Primary Care(US) General Practice(GP)/Family Practice(FP) Internal Medicine Rheumatology Special Interest - Pain -- Physician Print Save Article Email this article to a colleague Abstract OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of acupuncture in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS: MEDLINE, PsychInfo, EMBASE, CAMBASE and the Cochrane Library were screened (through July 2009). The reference sections of original studies and systematic reviews for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture in FMS were searched. RESULTS: Seven RCTs with a median treatment time of 9 (range 6-25) sessions and 385 patients were included. Outcomes of interest were key symptoms of FMS, namely pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, reduced physical function and side effects at post-treatment. Follow-up of two RCTs with a median follow-up of 26 weeks was available. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) comparing verum and control acupuncture were calculated. Strong evidence for the reduction of pain (SMD -0.25; 95% CI -0.49, -0.02; P = 0.04) was found at post-treatment. There was no evidence for the reduction of fatigue and sleep disturbances, or the improvement of physical function at post-treatment. There was no evidence for the reduction of pain and improvement of physical function at the latest follow-up. Subgroup analyses resulted in moderate evidence for a significant and small reduction of pain at post-treatment in studies with electro-stimulation and individualized acupuncture. Stratifying the type of controls (penetrating vs non-penetrating control acupuncture) did not change the results. Significant reduction of pain was only present in studies with risk of bias. Side effects were inconsistently reported. CONCLUSION: A small analgesic effect of acupuncture was present, which, however, was not clearly distinguishable from bias. Thus, acupuncture cannot be recommended for the management of FMS. Comments from Clinical Raters Rheumatology I have rated the relevance high but since many of my colleagues assert that they do not think fibromyalgia is a rheumatological disorder, they may disagree. Rheumatology This meta-analysis confirms that while acupuncture may be helpful for the select individual patient, we continue to lack evidence to advocate it as part of the generalized FMS treatment plan. Special Interest - Pain -- Physician Meta-analysis demonstrated small analgesic effect of acupuncture. Acupuncture could be recommended for fibromyalgia as an adjunct treatment modality. Special Interest - Pain -- Physician This meta-analysis of publications on the use of acupuncture showed what other meta-analyses show: often there are insufficient good quality publications from which to reach a conclusion. In this case, the meta-analysis showed that acupuncture probably has a small effect on pain but no significant effect on any other symptoms that fibromyalgia sufferers experience, and probably little clinical utility in the treatment of fibromyalgia. It also showed that the choice of a control treatment for acupuncture can be problematic and may explain the varied results in studies looking at acupuncture in the treatment of fibromyalgia, and in the study of acupuncture in the treatment of other medical conditions. Overall, this meta-analysis does not support the use of acupuncture in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
本文为博主原创的医学信息分析报告,特此说明。 信息分析平台: http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB01xepgx6zx8zl4IaI1I00f01000j10040001rl 检索策略:Acupuncture and transmitted infections 14 documents semantically analyzed Top Years Publications 1999 2 1993 2 2009 1 2006 1 2005 1 2002 1 2001 1 1997 1 1994 1 1990 1 1985 1 1974 1 Top Countries Publications South Korea 3 Brazil 2 USA 2 Taiwan 2 Hong Kong S.A.R., China 1 France 1 Japan 1 Top Cities Publications Seoul 2 Taipei 2 So Paulo 1 Namw?n 1 Hong Kong 1 Richmond 1 Paris 1 Albuquerque 1 Goinia 1 Top Journals Publications J Med Virol 2 Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1 Am J Trop Med Hyg 1 Int J Dermatol 1 J Clin Microbiol 1 Acupunct Med 1 Presse Med 1 Am J Gastroenterol 1 J Korean Med Sci 1 Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 1 Rev Saude Publica 1 Med Clin-barcelona 1 N Z Med J 1 1 2 3 4 Top Authors Publications Lee S 2 Wu J 2 Sheng W 2 Barone A 1 Cavalheiro N 1 De La Rosa A 1 Elagin S 1 Tengan F 1 Arajo E 1 Choi J 1 Kweon S 1 Shin M 1 Song H 1 Jeon D 1 Song H 1 Ryu H 1 Kim W 1 Oh C 1 Yun K 1 Woo P 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 ... 12 Top Terms Publications Humans 13 Viruses 11 Acupuncture 10 Hepatitis 10 Adult 10 Risk Factors 9 Hepatitis Viruses 8 Blood Transfusion 8 Sexuality 8 Pharmaceutical Preparations 8 Acupuncture Therapy 8 Hepatitis C 7 Hepacivirus 6 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 6 Prevalence 6 viral reproduction 5 Multivariate Analysis 5 Middle Aged 5 Hepatitis B 5 Street Drugs 4 1 2 3 ... 12 Where health is patriotism. Visit of New Zealand medical delegation to China: 20 August-9 September 1974. PMID: 4532204 Related Articles Authors: Hiddlestone, H J Journal: N Z Med J , Vol. 80 (529): 509-16 , 1974 No abstract given.
http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi 相关基因知识发现 Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: acupuncture and brain C-query: brain and mechanisms The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 189 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 9955 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 344 terms on the current B-list ( 173 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. Rank Prob B-term 10.99akt 20.99preproenkephalin 30.99vegf 40.99bdnf 50.99proenkephalin 60.99c jun 70.99caspase-9 80.99gdnf 90.99inos 100.99trka 110.99neurotrophin 120.99nt-3 130.99opioid receptor 140.99pi3k 150.99ghrelin 160.99c fos 170.98cd133 180.98nnos 190.98cb1 200.98immediate early gene 210.98dopamine receptor 220.98nts 230.98p300 240.98corticotropin releasing hormone 250.98trpm7 260.98pkc 270.98epileptiform 280.98transcription factor 290.98differentially expressed gene 300.98gnrh 310.98npy 320.98yb-1 330.98fosb 340.97early gene 350.97ca1 360.97jun 370.97somatostatin receptor 380.97neuropeptide y 390.97fibroblast growth factor 400.97gaba a receptor 410.97tnf alpha 420.97opiate receptor 430.97ngf 440.97il-1beta 450.97shr 460.97gfap 470.97akt pkb 480.97preproenkephalin gene 490.97bv2 500.96mek 510.96na k atpase 520.965-ht 530.96neurotensin 540.96pro opiomelanocortin 550.96nf e2 560.96cgmp 570.96crhr 580.96tyrosine hydroxylase 590.96cgrp 600.96neuropeptide 610.95crh 620.95tnf 630.95protooncogene 640.95gonadotropin releasing hormone 650.95fos 660.95related gene 670.95cytokine 680.95sii 690.95endothelin 700.95gaba a 710.94nmdar 720.94mri 730.94nf 740.94pet 750.94somatostatin 760.94orl1 770.94estrogen receptor 780.93alcohol withdrawal 790.93epilepsy 800.93cck 810.93thyrotropin releasing hormone 820.93il-6 830.92somatostatin receptor gene 840.92cholecystokinin 850.92angiotensinogen gene 860.92er alpha 870.91transporter 880.91pag 890.91gaba 900.91potassium channel 910.90cck b 920.90receptor gene 930.89arginine vasopressin 940.89c jun expression 950.89carpal tunnel syndrome 960.89app 970.88pkb 980.88pup 990.88bee 1000.88alzheimer disease 1010.88anxiety 1020.87senescence 1030.86ih 1040.863t 1050.85na 1060.85related gene brain 1070.85nadph 1080.85cd34 1090.84spike 1100.84obesity 1110.84pka 1120.83glutathione peroxidase 1130.83hz 1140.83dopa 1150.83dystonia 1160.83sod 1170.83gh 1180.83lobe 1190.83oxytocin 1200.83mu 1210.82protein kinase 1220.81inducible 1230.81cytokine production 1240.81gracile 1250.80hsp70 1260.80parkinson disease 1270.80theta 1280.79glioma 1290.78locus 1300.78gene coding 1310.78angiotensinogen 1320.77oncogene c 1330.76si 1340.76tcm 1350.76gene encoding 1360.76gad 1370.75ach 1380.75ah 1390.75calcitonin gene related 1400.75gene related peptide 1410.74chat 1420.74gene brain 1430.73lh 1440.73trh 1450.73oncogene 1460.72d1 1470.71ca2 1480.71axis 1490.70cue 1500.70thioredoxin 1510.69camp 1520.69pars 1530.66expression gene 1540.66superoxide dismutase 1550.65mitochondrial 1560.64pain 1570.64p130 1580.63task 1590.63lc 1600.62cpp 1610.62d2 1620.60atpase 1630.58spatial 1640.58retinitis pigmentosa 1650.57polycystic ovary syndrome 1660.57csf 1670.57prolactin 1680.56kappa 1690.55gut 1700.54ca 1710.54chi 1720.53cord 1730.52vasoactive intestinal peptide 1740.52ache 1750.51spastic 1760.50wave 1770.50eye 1780.49gene related 1790.49slow 1800.48fiber 1810.47gene 1820.46leu 1830.46mda 1840.45pf 1850.443h 1860.43gene transfer 1870.42nervous 1880.42killer 1890.41li 1900.38kinase 1910.38obese 1920.37sun 1930.36death 1940.36signal 1950.35arc 1960.34cat 1970.33acetylcholinesterase 1980.33diabetes 1990.33samp 2000.33pcr 2010.32inositol 2020.32male 2030.322a 2040.30met 2050.28phosphodiesterase 2060.27e2 2070.26da 2080.26succinate dehydrogenase 2090.26enhancement 2100.25damage 2110.25ct 2120.25region 2130.24yin yang 2140.24gate 2150.23mice 2160.22atp 2170.22acth 2180.22a5 2190.22delta 2200.20bi 2210.19pro 2220.18coma 2230.17calcitonin 2240.16ear 2250.16protein 2260.16cycle 2270.15sep 2280.14term 2290.14area 2300.14insulin 2310.13receptor 2320.13abnormal 2330.13esterase 2340.13alpha 2350.13healthy human 2360.12beta 2370.12ion 2380.11st 2390.113b 2400.10face 2410.10er 2420.10hypertension 2430.09neuro 2440.08sera 2450.08signal processing 2460.08ehf 2470.08early 2480.08beta hydroxylase 2490.07sp 2500.073d 2510.07tail 2520.07cor 2530.07cell 2540.07novel 2550.06domain 2560.06gamma 2570.06not 2580.06time 2590.06pc 2600.05limb 2610.05mask 2620.05sea 2630.05disc 2640.05asthma 2650.05sn 2660.05rna 2670.05ne 2680.05weight 2690.04dr 2700.04activity 2710.04hand 2720.04inhibitor 2730.04po 2740.04gyri 2750.04dd 2760.03peroxidase 2770.03ep 2780.03blind 2790.03point 2800.03du 2810.03pig 2820.02immune response 2830.02cold 2840.02men 2850.02base 2860.02segment 2870.02pilot 2880.01dance 2890.01line 2900.01al 2910.01dog 2920.01san 2930.01co 2940.01dehydrogenase 2950.01skin 2960.01amp 2970.01mode 2980.01induced enhancement 2990.01ring 3000.01a1 3010.01rest 3020.01bl 3030.01rib 3040.01vs 3050.00light 3060.00red 3070.00year 3080.00secretion 3090.00ci 3100.00collagen 3110.00april 3120.00modification 3130.00ex 3140.00past 3150.00re 3160.00care 3170.00hot 3180.00grain 3190.00variant 3200.00non 3210.00large 3220.00simple 3230.00ac 3240.00nei 3250.00group 3260.00man 3270.00low 3280.00pre 3290.00phosphatase 3300.00double 3310.00wind 3320.00vi 3330.00fact 3340.00end 3350.00membrane 3360.00b 3370.00or 3380.00c 3390.00ten 3400.00fire 3410.00net 3420.00penetration 3430.00cardinal 3440.00section Restrict by semantic categories? job id # 9955 started Tue Feb 9 05:01:05 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 9955 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: acupuncture and brain Tue Feb 9 05:02:04 2010 A query = acupuncture and brain started Tue Feb 9 05:02:04 2010 A query resulted in 1596 titles 9955 Search ARROWSMITH C 9955 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: brain and mechanisms Tue Feb 9 05:03:05 2010 C: brain and mechanisms 78574 A: pubmed_query_A 1596 AC: ( acupuncture and brain ) AND ( brain and mechanisms ) 189 C query = brain and mechanisms started Tue Feb 9 05:03:06 2010 C query resulted in 50000 titles A AND C query resulted in 189 titles 5606 B-terms ready on Tue Feb 9 05:06:39 2010 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 344 B-terms left after filter executed Tue Feb 9 05:11:07 2010 B-list on Tue Feb 9 05:14:14 2010 1 akt 2 preproenkephalin 3 vegf 4 bdnf 5 proenkephalin 6 c jun 7 caspase-9 8 gdnf 9 inos 10 trka 11 neurotrophin 12 nt-3 13 opioid receptor 14 pi3k 15 ghrelin 16 c fos 17 cd133 18 nnos 19 cb1 20 immediate early gene 21 dopamine receptor 22 nts 23 p300 24 corticotropin releasing hormone 25 trpm7 26 pkc 27 epileptiform 28 transcription factor 29 differentially expressed gene 30 gnrh 31 npy 32 yb-1 33 fosb 34 early gene 35 ca1 36 jun 37 somatostatin receptor 38 neuropeptide y 39 fibroblast growth factor 40 gaba a receptor 41 tnf alpha 42 opiate receptor 43 ngf 44 il-1beta 45 shr 46 gfap 47 akt pkb 48 preproenkephalin gene 49 bv2 50 mek 51 na k atpase 52 5-ht 53 neurotensin 54 pro opiomelanocortin 55 nf e2 56 cgmp 57 crhr 58 tyrosine hydroxylase 59 cgrp 60 neuropeptide 61 crh 62 tnf 63 protooncogene 64 gonadotropin releasing hormone 65 fos 66 related gene 67 cytokine 68 sii 69 endothelin 70 gaba a 71 nmdar 72 mri 73 nf 74 pet 75 somatostatin 76 orl1 77 estrogen receptor 78 alcohol withdrawal 79 epilepsy 80 cck 81 thyrotropin releasing hormone 82 il-6 83 somatostatin receptor gene 84 cholecystokinin 85 angiotensinogen gene 86 er alpha 87 transporter 88 pag 89 gaba 90 potassium channel 91 cck b 92 receptor gene 93 arginine vasopressin 94 c jun expression 95 carpal tunnel syndrome 96 app 97 pkb 98 pup 99 bee 100 alzheimer disease 101 anxiety 102 senescence 103 ih 104 3t 105 na 106 related gene brain 107 nadph 108 cd34 109 spike 110 obesity 111 pka 112 glutathione peroxidase 113 hz 114 dopa 115 dystonia 116 sod 117 gh 118 lobe 119 oxytocin 120 mu 121 protein kinase 122 inducible 123 cytokine production 124 gracile 125 hsp70 126 parkinson disease 127 theta 128 glioma 129 locus 130 gene coding 131 angiotensinogen 132 oncogene c 133 si 134 tcm 135 gene encoding 136 gad 137 ach 138 ah 139 calcitonin gene related 140 gene related peptide 141 chat 142 gene brain 143 lh 144 trh 145 oncogene 146 d1 147 ca2 148 axis 149 cue 150 thioredoxin 151 camp 152 pars 153 expression gene 154 superoxide dismutase 155 mitochondrial 156 pain 157 p130 158 task 159 lc 160 cpp 161 d2 162 atpase 163 spatial 164 retinitis pigmentosa 165 polycystic ovary syndrome 166 csf 167 prolactin 168 kappa 169 gut 170 ca 171 chi 172 cord 173 vasoactive intestinal peptide Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature acupuncture and brain akt brain and mechanisms 1: Age-related decrease in constructive activation of Akt/ PKB in SAMP10 hippocampus.2009 Add to clipboard 2: Astrocyte-conditioned medium protecting hippocampal neurons in primary cultures against corticosterone-induced damages via PI3-K /Akt signal pathway.2006 Add to clipboard 3: Potentiation of Akt and suppression of caspase-9 activations by electroacupuncture after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.2002 Add to clipboard 4: Enhanced expression of phospho -Akt by electro-acupuncture in normal rat brain.2002 Add to clipboard 1: Expression of PTEN and phosphorylated Akt in human cholesteatoma epithelium.2009 Add to clipboard 2: Kaempferol induces cell death through ERK and Akt- dependent down-regulation of XIAP and survivin in human glioma cells.2009 Add to clipboard 3: Progesterone potentiates calcium release through IP3 receptors by an Akt- mediated mechanism in hippocampal neurons.2009 Add to clipboard 4: Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes G(1)/S cell cycle progression through bidirectional regulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /Akt pathway in developing rat cerebral cortex.2009 Add to clipboard 5: Insulin activates the PI3K -Akt survival pathway in vulnerable neurons following global brain ischemia.2009 Add to clipboard 6: Selective CB2 receptor agonism protects central neurons from remote axotomy-induced apoptosis through the PI3K /Akt pathway.2009 Add to clipboard 7: ADAM17 promotes breast cancer cell malignant phenotype through EGFR-PI3K -AKT activation.2009 Add to clipboard 8: RIP1 activates PI3K -Akt via a dual mechanism involving NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of the mTOR-S6K-IRS1 negative feedback loop and down-regulation of PTEN.2009 Add to clipboard 9: An involvement of BDNF and PI3-K /Akt in the anti-apoptotic effect of memantine on staurosporine-evoked cell death in primary cortical neurons.2009 Add to clipboard 10: Electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex exerts antiapoptotic, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic stroke rats through phosphoinositide 3-kinase /Akt signaling pathway.2009 Add to clipboard 西医病症知识发现 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: acupuncture and brain C-query: brain and mechanisms The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 189 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 9955 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 40 terms on the current B-list ( 22 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. Rank Prob B-term 10.98epileptiform 20.965-ht 30.95related gene 40.93alcohol withdrawal 50.93epilepsy 60.89carpal tunnel syndrome 70.88alzheimer disease 80.88anxiety 90.86ih 100.85related gene brain 110.84obesity 120.83dystonia 130.80parkinson disease 140.79glioma 150.75calcitonin gene related 160.75gene related peptide 170.64pain 180.63lc 190.58retinitis pigmentosa 200.57polycystic ovary syndrome 210.54ca 220.52ache 230.51spastic 240.49gene related 250.49slow 260.42nervous 270.38obese 280.36death 290.36signal 300.35arc 310.33diabetes 320.18coma 330.10hypertension 340.08signal processing 350.05asthma 360.04activity 370.03blind 380.02cold 390.00red 400.00wind Restrict by semantic categories? job id # 9955 started Tue Feb 9 05:01:05 2010 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 9955 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: acupuncture and brain Tue Feb 9 05:02:04 2010 A query = acupuncture and brain started Tue Feb 9 05:02:04 2010 A query resulted in 1596 titles 9955 Search ARROWSMITH C 9955 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: brain and mechanisms Tue Feb 9 05:03:05 2010 C: brain and mechanisms 78574 A: pubmed_query_A 1596 AC: ( acupuncture and brain ) AND ( brain and mechanisms ) 189 C query = brain and mechanisms started Tue Feb 9 05:03:06 2010 C query resulted in 50000 titles A AND C query resulted in 189 titles 5606 B-terms ready on Tue Feb 9 05:06:39 2010 Sem_filter: Genes Molecular Sequences, and Gene Protein Names 344 B-terms left after filter executed Tue Feb 9 05:11:07 2010 Viewed B-terms Tue Feb 9 05:15:54 2010 akt Sem_filter: Disorders 40 B-terms left after filter executed Tue Feb 9 05:20:41 2010 B-list on Tue Feb 9 05:23:43 2010 1 epileptiform 2 5-ht 3 related gene 4 alcohol withdrawal 5 epilepsy 6 carpal tunnel syndrome 7 alzheimer disease 8 anxiety 9 ih 10 related gene brain 11 obesity 12 dystonia 13 parkinson disease 14 glioma 15 calcitonin gene related 16 gene related peptide 17 pain 18 lc 19 retinitis pigmentosa 20 polycystic ovary syndrome 21 ca 22 ache 23 spastic 24 gene related 25 slow 26 nervous 27 obese 28 death 29 signal 30 arc 31 diabetes 32 coma 33 hypertension 34 signal processing 35 asthma 36 activity 37 blind 38 cold 39 red 40 wind Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature AB literature B-term BC literature acupuncture and brain epilepsy brain and mechanisms 1: 2009 Add to clipboard 2: 2009 Add to clipboard 3: The effect of electroacupuncture on spontaneous recurrent seizure and expression of GAD(67) mRNA in dentate gyrus in a rat model of epilepsy .2008 Add to clipboard 4: Effect of electroacupuncture stimulation of hindlimb on seizure incidence and supragranular mossy fiber sprouting in a rat model of epilepsy .2008 Add to clipboard 5: Epilepsy , electroacupuncture and the nucleus of the solitary tract.2006 Add to clipboard 6: 1999 Add to clipboard 7: 1997 Add to clipboard 8: 1995 Add to clipboard 9: Effect of electroacupuncture on the level of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat during penicillin-induced epilepsy .1994 Add to clipboard 10: 1990 Add to clipboard 1: Evaluation of transport of common antiepileptic drugs by human multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1, 2 and 5) that are overexpressed in pharmacoresistant epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 2: Abnormal self-location and vestibular vertigo in a patient with right frontal lobe epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 3: Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Animal-to-Man Prediction of Therapeutic Dose in a Model of Epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 4: Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy : what is next?2010 Add to clipboard 5: Posttraumatic epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 6: Aging models of acute seizures and epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 7: Altered Spontaneous Neuronal Activity of the Default-Mode Network in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy .2010 Add to clipboard 8: Kainate receptors in epilepsy and excitotoxicity.2009 Add to clipboard 9: LAMA2 stop-codon mutation: merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy with occipital polymicrogyria, epilepsy and psychomotor regression.2009 Add to clipboard 10: Nodular heterotopia: a neuropathological study of 24 patients undergoing surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy .2009 Add to clipboard 11: Posttraumatic epilepsy after controlled cortical impact injury in mice.2009 Add to clipboard
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB0105ikg454tcbmIrI1I00f01000j10040001rl 1 of 14,822 documents semantically analyzed top author statistics Term: 1917 Description: year 1917 Top Years Publications 1917 1 Top Journals Publications Am J Public Health (n Y) 1 Top Authors Publications Hill H 1 documents Title: ACUPUNCTURE : THE BEST METHOD OF VACCINATION. 针灸:接种最好的方法 PMID: 18009641 Related Articles Authors: Hill, H W Journal: Am J Public Health (N Y) , Vol. 7 (3): 301-2 , 1917 No abstract given. 针灸研究文献计量分析如下: 从美国PUBMED数据库中检索到针灸研究的总文献量14822篇,最早的文献报道是1917年《美国公共卫生杂志》的针灸:接种最好的方法。中国、美国、英国、日本的研究论文数量为前四名。北京、上海、首尔、广州、天津的研究论文数量为前五名。中医杂志、中国针灸、针刺研究、美国中医杂志的针灸研究论文报道量为前四名。主要研究主题为:针灸、针灸疗法、针灸穴位、电针、针刺麻醉、电刺激、灸术、疼痛测定等等。 14,822 documents semantically analyzed top author statistics 1 2 3 4 Top Years Publications 2009 1,080 2008 1,005 2007 938 2006 874 2005 780 2004 575 2003 521 2002 513 2001 426 1999 339 1990 336 1992 332 1987 330 1988 326 2000 325 1985 321 1998 319 1993 317 1989 313 1991 312 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 Top Countries Publications China 3,448 USA 1,522 United Kingdom 551 Japan 407 South Korea 381 Germany 372 Taiwan 267 Sweden 214 Canada 155 Australia 140 Italy 123 Austria 117 Brazil 79 Norway 68 France 64 Hong Kong S.A.R., China 59 Spain 52 Israel 52 Switzerland 51 Netherlands 50 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 ... 48 Top Cities Publications Beijing 805 Shanghai 431 Seoul 216 Guangzhou 181 Tianjin 162 Chengdu 145 Wuhan 134 New York 118 Nanjing 116 London 110 Boston 109 Taipei 100 Tokyo 79 Baltimore 76 Exeter 74 Zhengzhou 71 Kyoto 70 Hangzhou 69 Munich 62 Harbin 61 1 2 3 ... 48 1 2 3 ... 110 Top Journals Publications J Tradit Chin Med 1,129 Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 1,090 Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 850 Am J Chinese Med 362 Acupuncture Electro 328 J Altern Complem Med 268 Acupunct Med 266 Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 178 Minerva Med 137 Pain 125 Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult 121 Neurosci Lett 117 Complement Ther Med 109 Am J Chin Med (gard City N Y) 107 J Altern Complement Med 94 Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 88 Sheng Li Xue Bao 85 Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 85 Chinese Med J-peking 80 Jama-j Am Med Assoc 80 1 2 3 ... 110 1 2 3 ... 557 Top Terms Publications Humans 11,016 Acupuncture 10,139 Acupuncture Therapy 8,880 Adult 4,675 Patients 3,992 Middle Aged 3,736 Acupuncture Points 3,411 Animals 2,817 Electroacupuncture 2,392 Aged 2,128 Medicine 2,111 Evaluation Studies as Topic 1,821 Therapeutics 1,815 Needles 1,734 Pain 1,585 Rats 1,408 Treatment Outcome 1,407 Adolescent 1,407 Analgesia 1,298 Control Groups 1,298 1 2 3 ... 557 1 2 3 ... 1669 Top Authors Publications Han J 93 Ernst E 75 Berman B 56 Wu G 53 Lundeberg T 52 Cao X 50 Linde K 49 Lao L 39 Macpherson H 37 Melchart D 35 Wu B 35 Xu W 35 Litscher G 33 Omura Y 32 Rosted P 30 Lin J 30 Vickers A 29 Kaptchuk T 28 Willich S 28 Brinkhaus B 28 1 2 3 ... 1669
http://www.gopubmed.org/web/gopubmed/1?WEB0105ikg454tcbmI2I1I00f01000j10040001rl 1,596 documents semantically analyzed top author statistics 1 2 Top Years Publications 2009 117 2008 113 2007 113 2006 84 2005 69 1985 66 1990 60 2002 49 2004 49 1986 49 1996 46 2003 44 1993 44 1989 44 1988 43 1992 41 1995 40 1987 40 1991 38 1994 37 1 2 1 2 Top Countries Publications China 622 USA 117 South Korea 75 Japan 63 Taiwan 29 Austria 20 Germany 15 United Kingdom 15 Sweden 13 Hong Kong S.A.R., China 11 Spain 8 Italy 7 Turkey 5 Brazil 5 Denmark 4 India 4 Russia 4 Portugal 3 Singapore 2 France 2 1 2 1 2 3 ... 9 Top Cities Publications Beijing 157 Shanghai 141 Seoul 48 Guangzhou 39 Wuhan 34 Tianjin 33 Nanjing 21 Tokyo 19 Irvine 18 Zhengzhou 15 Hangzhou 15 Graz 15 Boston 13 Chengdu 13 Chongqing 12 Kyoto 12 Hong Kong 11 Shenyang 9 Suzhou 9 New York 7 1 2 3 ... 9 1 2 3 ... 18 Top Journals Publications Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 279 Acupuncture Electro 102 Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 85 Neurosci Lett 70 J Tradit Chin Med 67 Sheng Li Xue Bao 65 Am J Chinese Med 47 Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 37 Brain Res 34 Biull Eksp Biol Med 28 Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 23 Neurol Res 17 Int J Neurosci 16 Brain Res Bull 16 J Altern Complem Med 16 Pain 15 Chinese Med J-peking 14 Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 13 Med Hypotheses 12 Neuroimage 12 1 2 3 ... 18 1 2 3 ... 225 Top Authors Publications Han J 49 Cao X 34 Xu W 28 Wu G 26 Chen Z 24 Reshetniak V 22 Durinian R 19 Yin Q 18 Wang S 16 Liu X 16 Litscher G 15 Wang Y 14 Longhurst J 13 Cheng J 13 Xue S 13 Kim E 12 Zhou Z 12 Bragin E 11 Shim I 10 Tian J 10 1 2 3 ... 225 1 2 3 ... 204 Top Terms Publications Animals 1,009 Acupuncture 958 Acupuncture Therapy 773 Electroacupuncture 692 Humans 661 Rats 638 Acupuncture Points 487 Analgesia 386 Brain 373 Neurons 358 Adult 333 Electric Stimulation 308 Pain 308 Acupuncture Analgesia 301 Rats, Sprague-Dawley 237 Patients 218 Middle Aged 185 Hypothalamus 168 Needles 167 Anxiety 166 1 2 3 ... 204 1 of 1,596 documents semantically analyzed top author statistics Term: 1971 Description: year 1971 Top Years Publications 1971 1 Top Journals Publications Jama-j Am Med Assoc 1 Top Authors Publications Dimond E 1 Top Terms Publications Medicine, Chinese Traditional 1 Acupuncture Analgesia 1 Medicine, Traditional 1 Asian Continental Ancestry Group 1 Acupuncture 1 Medicine 1 Anesthesia 1 Acupuncture Therapy 1 Thyroidectomy 1 Thyroid Neoplasms 1 Stomach Ulcer 1 Middle Aged 1 Meperidine 1 Humans 1 China 1 Castration 1 Brain Neoplasms 1 Anesthesia, Local 1 Adult 1 Adenoma 1 documents Title: Acupuncture anesthesia. Western medicine and Chinese traditional medicine. PMID: 5171142 Related Articles Authors: Dimond, E G Journal: JAMA , Vol. 218 (10): 1558-63 , 1971 No abstract given. Pubmed MeSH: Acupuncture Therapy , Adenoma , Adult , Anesthesia, Local , Brain Neoplasms , Castration , China , Humans , Meperidine , Middle Aged , Stomach Ulcer , Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroidectomy Wikipedia: Acupuncture , Anesthesia , Asian , Chinese , Chinese traditional medicine , Ethnomedicine , Folk medicine , Folk remedies , Folk remedy , Home remedies , Home remedy , Indigenous medicine , Japanese , Japanese Metabolism , Koreans , Medicine , Medicine, chinese traditional , Medicine, traditional , Mongoloid Race , Traditional Chinese Medicine , Traditional medicine http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2010/2/228239.shtm 英研究显示针灸可引起大脑神经变化 英国研究人员日前报告说,利用现代科学手段检查中国传统针灸的效果,发现它可以引起大脑相应部位神经的变化,这有助于分析针灸的作用原理。 英国约克大学等机构的研究人员在新一期美国学术期刊《脑研究》( Brain Research )上报告说,17名受试者接受了手上合谷穴针灸,并同时接受大脑扫描。合谷穴位于手背虎口下方。研究人员发现,在那些认为有得气感觉的受试者中,与处理疼痛有关的大脑某部位神经出现活动降低的情况。 得气是指针灸过程中患者产生的酸、麻、胀等感觉,被认为是针灸取得效果的重要条件。如果针灸时患者没有得气而只是感觉疼痛,那么针灸效果可能不佳。本次研究发现,在仅感觉疼痛的患者中,大脑相关部位的神经出现复杂变化:一些部位的神经活动增强,而另一些部位的神经活动减弱。 参与研究的休麦克弗森说,这项研究提供了的科学证据说明,针灸可引起大脑产生一些特殊变化,这有助于理解针灸复杂的作用原理。 更多阅读 英国约克大学相关报道(英文) http://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2010/acupuncture/ York study maps the effects of acupuncture on the brain Posted on 4 February 2010 Important new research about the effects of acupuncture on the brain may provide an understanding of the complex mechanisms of acupuncture and could lead to a wider acceptability of the treatment. The study, by researchers at the University of York and the Hull York Medical School published in Brain Research , indicates that acupuncture has a significant effect on specific neural structures. When a patient receives acupuncture treatment, a sensation called deqi can be obtained; scientific analysis shows that this deactivates areas within the brain that are associated with the processing of pain. These results provide objective scientific evidence that acupuncture has specific effects within the brain Dr Hugh Macpherson Dr Hugh MacPherson, of the Complementary Medicine Research Group in the Universitys Department of Health Sciences, says: These results provide objective scientific evidence that acupuncture has specific effects within the brain which hopefully will lead to a better understanding of how acupuncture works. Neuroscientist Dr Aziz Asghar, of the York Neuroimaging Centre and the Hull York Medical School, adds: The results are fascinating. Whether such brain deactivations constitute a mechanism which underlies or contributes to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is an intriguing possibility which requires further research. Last summer, following research conducted in York, acupuncture was recommended for the first time by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as a treatment option for NHS patients with lower back pain. NICE guidelines now state that GPs should consider offering a course of acupuncture comprising a maximum of 10 sessions over a period of up to 12 weeks for patients with this common condition. Current clinical trials at the University of York are investigating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and for depression. Recent studies in the US have also shown that acupuncture can be an effective treatment for migraines and osteoarthritis of the knee. The York team believe that the new research could help to clear the way for acupuncture to be more broadly accepted as a treatment option on the NHS for a number of medical conditions. var addthis_config = { services_exclude: 'print' } Notes to editors: The paper Acupuncture needling sensation: The neural correlates of deqi using fMRI, Asghar, A.U.R., et al is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.019 . The research also involved scientists at University College London and the University of Southampton . More about the University of Yorks Department of Health Sciences at www.york.ac.uk/healthsciences/ . More about the Hull York Medical School at www.hyms.ac.uk/ . More about the York Neuroimaging Centre at www.ynic.york.ac.uk/