地中海饮食最健康的神经科学分析 前言 在人类进化的几百万年里面，也许就是最近一百年，人类逐渐的摆脱了忍饥挨饿的时代，而进入了营养过剩的时代。营养过剩使得人类的代谢无法适应高能量的连续冲击，终于出现了各种代谢疾病，如高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、动脉粥样硬化等。随着现代医学模式的转变，人们越发意识到了，很多疾病不是因为外界的毒素或者物质所导致，而是因为我们人类不停的吃喝享受才导致的。如今专家们提出了慢性病的概念，慢性病大多数是代谢性疾病，而慢性病的干预第一位就是生活方式的干预。毋庸置疑，吃是干预的重中之重。传说中，地中海饮食是医学界比较推崇的饮食方式。为何？据说地中海饮食在满足各种营养需求的同时，还能够保证人们不发生营养过剩，最重要的是其中还有许多有助于身体和精神健康的成分。 今天，从神经科学的角度，我们来看一下地中海饮食到底有什么神奇的功效呢？ 地中海饮食与大脑健康 地中海饮食有助于预防大脑认知功能的衰退； Cognitive health and Mediterranean diet: just diet or lifestyle pattern? Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in older adults. Mediterranean diet and cognitive health: an update of available knowledge. 地中海饮食可以维护大脑的结构连接以避免衰老所带来的损害。 Mediterranean diet and preserved brain structural connectivity in older subjects. 地中海饮食可以有助于老年人维持大脑的容量。 Mediterranean diet habits in older individuals: associations with cognitive functioning and brainvolumes. 地中海饮食增加脑源性神经营养因子的水平； The effect of the Mediterranean diet on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels: the PREDIMED-NAVARRA randomized trial. 地中海饮食可以维持老年人大脑的皮层厚度； Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. 地中海饮食有助于对抗大脑炎症反应； Anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from some traditional Mediterranean diet plants. 地中海饮食可能使小学生获得更高的学业成绩； Diet quality and academic achievement: a prospective study among primary school children. 地中海饮食与脑疾病 地中海饮食可以预防动脉粥样硬化和脑卒中； Mediterranean Diet in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Relationships between Mediterranean Diet score, diagnostic subtype, and stroke severity index. Relation of the traditional Mediterranean diet to cerebrovascular disease in a Mediterranean population. 地中海饮食有助于预防抑郁症； Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis. 地中海饮食有助于预防认知功能障碍； Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: A meta-analysis. Polyphenol-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet are associated with better cognitive function in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. 地中海饮食有助于预防大脑萎缩； Mediterranean diet and brain structure in a multiethnic elderly cohort. Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced brain shrinkage in older people, study finds. Mediterranean Diet and Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Assessed Brain Atrophy in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. 地中海饮食可以预防痴呆疾病； Mediterranean diet in predementia and dementia syndromes. Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's disease. 地中海饮食有助于预防多发性硬化； Multiple sclerosis and cancers in Croatia--a possible protective role of the Mediterranean diet. 地中海饮食可以减少脑白质高信号，提示其可以预防脑血管损害； Mediterranean diet and white matter hyperintensity volume in the Northern Manhattan Study. 地中 海饮食可以减少AD患者的死亡率； Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer disease mortality. 橄榄油可能会减少AD大脑中得毒性蛋白沉积； Extra-virgin olive oil attenuates amyloid-β and tau pathologies in the brains of TgSwDI mice. The polyphenol oleuropein aglycone protects TgCRND8 mice against Aß plaque pathology.
The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables, and cereals; a moderate intake of fish and poultry; a low intake of dairy products, red meat, processed meats, and sweets; and wine in moderation, consumed with meals. 1 In observational cohort studies 2,3 and a secondary prevention trial (the Lyon Diet Heart Study), 4 increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been consistently beneficial with respect to cardiovascular risk. 2-4 A systematic review ranked the Mediterranean diet as the most likely dietary model to provide protection against coronary heart disease. 5 Small clinical trials have uncovered plausible biologic mechanisms to explain the salutary effects of this food pattern. 6-9 We designed a randomized trial to test the efficacy of two Mediterranean diets (one supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil and another with nuts), as compared with a control diet (advice on a low-fat diet), on primary cardiovascular prevention. Methods Study Design The PREDIMED trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) was a parallel-group, multicenter, randomized trial. Details of the trial design are provided elsewhere. 10-12 The trial was designed and conducted by the authors, and the protocol was approved by the institutional review boards at all study locations. The authors vouch for the accuracy and completeness of the data and all analyses and for the fidelity of this report to the protocol , which is available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org. Supplemental foods were donated, including extra-virgin olive oil (by Hojiblanca and Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero, both in Spain), walnuts (by the California Walnut Commission), almonds (by Borges, in Spain), and hazelnuts (by La Morella Nuts, in Spain). None of the sponsors had any role in the trial design, data analysis, or reporting of the results. Participant Selection and Randomization Eligible participants were men (55 to 80 years of age) and women (60 to 80 years of age) with no cardiovascular disease at enrollment, who had either type 2 diabetes mellitus or at least three of the following major risk factors: smoking, hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, overweight or obesity, or a family history of premature coronary heart disease. Detailed enrollment criteria are provided in the Supplementary Appendix , available at NEJM.org. All participants provided written informed consent. Beginning on October 1, 2003, participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to one of three dietary intervention groups: a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil, a Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts, or a control diet. Randomization was performed centrally by means of a computer-generated random-number sequence. Interventions and Measurements The dietary intervention 8,10-13 is detailed in the Supplementary Appendix . The specific recommended diets are summarized in Table 1 Table 1 Summary of Dietary Recommendations to Participants in the Mediterranean-Diet Groups and the Control-Diet Group. . Participants in the two Mediterranean-diet groups received either extra-virgin olive oil (approximately 1 liter per week) or 30 g of mixed nuts per day (15 g of walnuts, 7.5 g of hazelnuts, and 7.5 g of almonds) at no cost, and those in the control group received small nonfood gifts. No total calorie restriction was advised, nor was physical activity promoted. For participants in the two Mediterranean-diet groups, dietitians ran individual and group dietary-training sessions at the baseline visit and quarterly thereafter. In each session, a 14-item dietary screener was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet 8,14 (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix ) so that personalized advice could be provided to the study participants in these groups. Participants in the control group also received dietary training at the baseline visit and completed the 14-item dietary screener used to assess baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Thereafter, during the first 3 years of the trial, they received a leaflet explaining the low-fat diet (Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix ) on a yearly basis. However, the realization that the more infrequent visit schedule and less intense support for the control group might be limitations of the trial prompted us to amend the protocol in October 2006. Thereafter, participants assigned to the control diet received personalized advice and were invited to group sessions with the same frequency and intensity as those in the Mediterranean-diet groups, with the use of a separate 9-item dietary screener (Table S3 in the Supplementary Appendix ). A general medical questionnaire, a 137-item validated food-frequency questionnaire, 15 and the Minnesota Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered on a yearly basis. 10 Information from the food-frequency questionnaire was used to calculate intake of energy and nutrients. Weight, height, and waist circumference were directly measured. 16 Biomarkers of compliance, including urinary hydroxytyrosol levels (to confirm compliance in the group receiving extra-virgin olive oil) and plasma alpha-linolenic acid levels (to confirm compliance in the group receiving mixed nuts), were measured in random subsamples of participants at 1, 3, and 5 years (see the Supplementary Appendix ). End Points The primary end point was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes. Secondary end points were stroke, myocardial infarction, death from cardiovascular causes, and death from any cause. We used four sources of information to identify end points: repeated contacts with participants, contacts with family physicians, a yearly review of medical records, and consultation of the National Death Index. All medical records related to end points were examined by the end-point adjudication committee, whose members were unaware of the study-group assignments. Only end points that were confirmed by the adjudication committee and that occurred between October 1, 2003, and December 1, 2010, were included in the analyses. The criteria for adjudicating primary and secondary end points are detailed in the Supplementary Appendix . Statistical Analysis We initially estimated that a sample of 9000 participants would be required to provide statistical power of 80% to detect a relative risk reduction of 20% in each Mediterranean-diet group versus the control-diet group during a 4-year follow-up period, assuming an event rate of 12% in the control group. 10,17 In April 2008, on the advice of the data and safety monitoring board and on the basis of lower-than-expected rates of end-point events, the sample size was recalculated as 7400 participants, with the assumption of a 6-year follow-up period and underlying event rates of 8.8% and 6.6% in the control and intervention groups, respectively. Power curves under several assumptions can be found in Figure S1 in the Supplementary Appendix . Yearly interim analyses began after a median of 2 years of follow-up. With the use of O'Brien–Fleming stopping boundaries, the P values for stopping the trial at each yearly interim analysis were 5×10 −6 , 0.001, 0.009, and 0.02 for benefit and 9×10 −5 , 0.005, 0.02, and 0.05 for adverse effects. 18 The stopping boundary for the benefit of the Mediterranean diets with respect to the primary end point was crossed at the fourth interim evaluation; on July 22, 2011, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping the trial on the basis of end points documented through December 1, 2010. All primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis by two independent analysts. Time-to-event data were analyzed with the use of Cox models with two dummy variables (one for the Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and another for the Mediterranean diet with nuts) to obtain two hazard ratios for the comparison with the control group. To account for small imbalances in risk factors at baseline among the groups, Cox regression models were used to adjust for sex, age, and baseline risk factors. We tested the proportionality of hazards with the use of time-varying covariates. All analyses were stratified according to center. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted according to sex, age, body-mass index (BMI), cardiovascular-risk-factor status, and baseline adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Sensitivity analyses were conducted under several assumptions, including imputation of data for missing values and participants who dropped out (see the Supplementary Appendix ). Results Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants From October 2003 through June 2009, a total of 8713 candidates were screened for eligibility, and 7447 were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups (Figure S2 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Their baseline characteristics according to study group are shown in Table 2 Table 2 Baseline Characteristics of the Participants According to Study Group. . Drug-treatment regimens were similar for participants in the three groups, and they continued to be balanced during the follow-up period (Table S4 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Participants were followed for a median of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 2.8 to 5.8). After the initial assessment, 209 participants (2.8%) chose not to attend subsequent visits, and their follow-up was based on reviews of medical records. By December 2010, a total of 523 participants (7.0%) had been lost to follow-up for 2 or more years. Dropout rates were higher in the control group (11.3%) than in the Mediterranean-diet groups (4.9%) (Figure S2 in the Supplementary Appendix ). As compared with participants who remained in the trial, those who dropped out were younger (by 1.4 years), had a higher BMI (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; by 0.4), a higher waist-to-height ratio (by 0.01), and a lower score for adherence to the Mediterranean diet (by 1.0 points on the 14-item dietary screener) (P0.05 for all comparisons). Compliance with the Dietary Intervention Participants in the three groups reported similar adherence to the Mediterranean diet at baseline ( Table 2 , and Figure S3 in the Supplementary Appendix ) and similar food and nutrient intakes. During follow-up, scores on the 14-item Mediterranean-diet screener increased for the participants in the two Mediterranean-diet groups (Figure S3 in the Supplementary Appendix ). There were significant differences between these groups and the control group in 12 of the 14 items at 3 years (Table S5 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Changes in objective biomarkers also indicated good compliance with the dietary assignments (Figure S4 and S5 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Participants in the two Mediterranean-diet groups significantly increased weekly servings of fish (by 0.3 servings) and legumes (by 0.4 servings) in comparison with those in the control group (Table S6 in the Supplementary Appendix ). In addition, participants assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and those assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts significantly increased their consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (to 50 and 32 g per day, respectively) and nuts (to 0.9 and 6 servings per week, respectively). The main nutrient changes in the Mediterranean-diet groups reflected the fat content and composition of the supplemental foods (Tables S7 and S8 in the Supplementary Appendix ). No relevant diet-related adverse effects were reported (see the Supplementary Appendix ). We did not find any significant difference in changes in physical activity among the three groups. End Points The median follow-up period was 4.8 years. A total of 288 primary-outcome events occurred: 96 in the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil (3.8%), 83 in the group assigned to a Mediterranean diet with nuts (3.4%), and 109 in the control group (4.4%). Taking into account the small differences in the accrual of person-years among the three groups, the respective rates of the primary end point were 8.1, 8.0, and 11.2 per 1000 person-years ( Table 3 Table 3 Outcomes According to Study Group. ). The unadjusted hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval , 0.53 to 0.91) for a Mediterranean diet with extra-virgin olive oil and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.94) for a Mediterranean diet with nuts ( Figure 1 Figure 1 Kaplan–Meier Estimates of the Incidence of Outcome Events in the Total Study Population. ) as compared with the control diet (P=0.015, by the likelihood ratio test, for the overall effect of the intervention). The results of multivariate analyses showed a similar protective effect of the two Mediterranean diets versus the control diet with respect to the primary end point ( Table 3 ). Regarding components of the primary end point, only the comparisons of stroke risk reached statistical significance ( Table 3 , and Figure S6 in the Supplementary Appendix ). The Kaplan–Meier curves for the primary end point diverged soon after the trial started, but no effect on all-cause mortality was apparent ( Figure 1 ). The results of several sensitivity analyses were also consistent with the findings of the primary analysis (Table S9 in the Supplementary Appendix ). Subgroup Analyses Reductions in disease risk in the two Mediterranean-diet groups as compared with the control group were similar across the prespecified subgroups ( Figure 2 Figure 2 Results of Subgroup Analyses. , and Table S10 in the Supplementary Appendix ). In addition, to account for the protocol change in October 2006 whereby the intensity of dietary intervention in the control group was increased, we compared hazard ratios for the Mediterranean-diet groups (both groups merged vs. the control group) before and after this date. Adjusted hazard ratios were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.00) for participants recruited before October 2006 and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92) for those recruited thereafter (P=0.21 for interaction). Discussion In this trial, an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet supplemented with either extra-virgin olive oil or nuts resulted in an absolute risk reduction of approximately 3 major cardiovascular events per 1000 person-years, for a relative risk reduction of approximately 30%, among high-risk persons who were initially free of cardiovascular disease. These results support the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for cardiovascular risk reduction. They are particularly relevant given the challenges of achieving and maintaining weight loss. The secondary prevention Lyon Diet Heart Study also showed a large reduction in rates of coronary heart disease events with a modified Mediterranean diet enriched with alpha-linolenic acid (a key constituent of walnuts). That result, however, was based on only a few major events. 4,19,20 There were small between-group differences in some baseline characteristics in our trial, which were not clinically meaningful but were statistically significant, and we therefore adjusted for these variables. In fully adjusted analyses, we found significant results for the combined cardiovascular end point and for stroke, but not for myocardial infarction alone. This could be due to stronger effects on specific risk factors for stroke but also to a lower statistical power to identify effects on myocardial infarction. Our findings are consistent with those of prior observational studies of the cardiovascular protective effects of the Mediterranean diet, 2,5 olive oil, 21-23 and nuts 24,25 ; smaller trials assessing effects on traditional cardiovascular risk factors 6-9 and novel risk factors, such as markers of oxidation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction 6,8,26-28 ; and studies of conditions associated with high cardiovascular risk — namely, the metabolic syndrome 6,16,29 and diabetes. 30-32 Thus, a causal role of the Mediterranean diet in cardiovascular prevention has high biologic plausibility. The results of our trial might explain, in part, the lower cardiovascular mortality in Mediterranean countries than in northern European countries or the United States. 33 The risk of stroke was reduced significantly in the two Mediterranean-diet groups. This is consistent with epidemiologic studies that showed an inverse association between the Mediterranean diet 2,34 or olive-oil consumption 22 and incident stroke. Our results compare favorably with those of the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, wherein a low-fat dietary approach resulted in no cardiovascular benefit. 35 Salient components of the Mediterranean diet reportedly associated with better survival include moderate consumption of ethanol (mostly from wine), low consumption of meat and meat products, and high consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, fish, and olive oil. 36,37 Perhaps there is a synergy among the nutrient-rich foods included in the Mediterranean diet that fosters favorable changes in intermediate pathways of cardiometabolic risk, such as blood lipids, insulin sensitivity, resistance to oxidation, inflammation, and vasoreactivity. 38 Our study has several limitations. First, the protocol for the control group was changed halfway through the trial. The lower intensity of dietary intervention for the control group during the first few years might have caused a bias toward a benefit in the two Mediterranean-diet groups, since the participants in these two groups received a more intensive intervention during that time. However, we found no significant interaction between the period of trial enrollment (before vs. after the protocol change) and the benefit in the Mediterranean-diet groups. Second, we had losses to follow-up, predominantly in the control group, but the participants who dropped out had a worse cardiovascular risk profile at baseline than those who remained in the study, suggesting a bias toward a benefit in the control group. Third, the generalizability of our findings is limited because all the study participants lived in a Mediterranean country and were at high cardiovascular risk; whether the results can be generalized to persons at lower risk or to other settings requires further research. As with many clinical trials, the observed rates of cardiovascular events were lower than anticipated, with reduced statistical power to separately assess components of the primary end point. However, favorable trends were seen for both stroke and myocardial infarction. We acknowledge that, even though participants in the control group received advice to reduce fat intake, changes in total fat were small and the largest differences at the end of the trial were in the distribution of fat subtypes. The interventions were intended to improve the overall dietary pattern, but the major between-group differences involved the supplemental items. Thus, extra-virgin olive oil and nuts were probably responsible for most of the observed benefits of the Mediterranean diets. Differences were also observed for fish and legumes but not for other food groups. The small between-group differences in the diets during the trial are probably due to the facts that for most trial participants the baseline diet was similar to the trial Mediterranean diet and that the control group was given recommendations for a healthy diet, suggesting a potentially greater benefit of the Mediterranean diet as compared with Western diets. In conclusion, in this primary prevention trial, we observed that an energy-unrestricted Mediterranean diet, supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, resulted in a substantial reduction in the risk of major cardiovascular events among high-risk persons. The results support the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
阿密芹（ visnaga Ammi ）是来自地中海的伞形科草本植物，这个名称来自古代，没有任何含义，但在埃及，人们则称它为khella。这种植物干燥时，它那粗壮的花茎被用作牙签，因此它的法语名称又叫做“herbe aux curedents”。 由于尿血吸虫病比较常见，生活在尼罗河三角洲上的人们经常患有肾结石。几个世纪以来，在三角洲到处都有 khella，人们用它来减轻肾绞痛。1879年，从阿密芹的种子和果实中提取分离得到第一个有效活性成分--凯林（khellin），1939年，开罗大学的研究人员经鉴定确认它的结构属于色原酮。这个活性物质可以松弛患者的输尿管平滑肌。 1945年，著名生理学家巴甫洛夫和Starling两名学者的学生G V Anrep偶然的一个观察发现导致了凯林作为治疗哮喘和心血管疾病的现代药物发展。G V Anrep是开罗大学的药理学教授，他的患有严重心绞痛的技术员得了肾绞痛，于是就自己用阿密芹来治疗。当这名技术员重返工作时，G V Anrep细心地注意到这个技术员的心绞痛症状也消失了，这极大的激发了他的好奇心。于是，G V Anrep开始研究凯林对心脏的作用。通过动物模型试验，G V Anrep测量了狗体内的冠状血流，发现凯林有效，而且选择性作用于冠状动脉。G V Anrep对患有心绞痛的患者进行临床试验，与期望的那样受到了非常好的治疗效果。G V Anrep于1946年在杂志British Heart Journal （1946;8:171-177）上发表了他的有关研究发现。 这项令人振奋的研究报道也传到了比利时两名化学家Broekhuysen R Charlier和 J Broek-huysen 那里，他们重点对天然凯林的苯并呋喃部分进行改造，合成了数百个化合物，于1961年终于合成了胺碘酮（amiodarone），它的英文通用名amiodarone中的am表示胺碘酮分子中有氨基官能团（amino）存在，iod表示分子中含有碘部分（iodine），arone则来自已有的药物苯碘达隆（benziodarone），原因是后者是一个含有酮苯并呋喃官能团的化合物。目前已证实胺碘酮是一种钾通道阻滞剂。 在拜耳公司工作的F Bossert决定用凯林作为他个人努力研究可口服和静脉注射的冠状血管扩张剂的起点。经过16年的奋斗，天道酬勤！他发现了期望中的二氢吡啶类分子，又经过两年的工作，在合成了2000个衍生物当中，最终他与Vater一同发现了硝苯地平（nifedipine）。目前，我们知道，硝苯地平是一种钙通道阻滞剂，可以治疗高血压、心绞痛、冠心病。 G V Anrep在英国的研究工作推动了一种新的支气管扩张剂色甘酸钠（sodium cromoglycate）的发现。患有哮喘病的医生Roger Altounyan在他个人身体上进行了所有的实验，证实色甘酸钠具有独特的作用模式，这个化合物可以阻遏支气管收缩介质的释放，而不是扩张支气管。 通过对来自伞形科植物阿密芹提取分离得到的一种天然产物凯林进行研究，得到了多个药物用于临床，在药物发现历史上，也留下了浓浓的一笔，这里用“天涯何处觅芳草”形容不为过吧。
昆明植物所在四川雅砻江河谷发现残遗植物新种 来源:生物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室作者:岳亮亮2011-10-24浏览次数： 285 近日，中国科学院昆明植物研究所孙航研究员的团队同云南师范大学合作在横断山区四川新龙县雅砻江河谷的考察中发现重要残遗植物新种——雅砻江冬麻豆（Salweenia bouffordiana）。 人们一直以来都认为中国特有属冬麻豆属（Salweenia）仅一种，为古地中海残遗下来的物种。科研人员在野外采集中发现，生长于雅砻江干热河谷的冬麻豆与生长于澜沧江、怒江河谷的冬麻豆居群在形态上有着显著的差异，并通过形态学、细胞学、分子生物学等手段进一步研究，确认生长在四川新龙县附近雅砻江干暖河谷分布的冬麻豆为一新种，定名为雅砻江冬麻豆 Salweenia bouffordiana ，并在国际植物分类学权威SCI期刊Taxon上发表。新种的模式标本也存放在世界各大主要标本馆，供各国研究者研究使用。 冬麻豆属是中国横断山区著名的特有古老的残遗植物，原记载仅1种即冬麻豆Salweenia wardii。雅砻江冬麻豆的发现使该属成为含2种的属。前者冬麻豆仅分布在西藏东南部八宿等怒江及其支流河谷和西藏昌都到察雅澜沧江河谷。新种雅砻江冬麻豆的发现不仅在冬麻豆属等类群的系统进化关系的研究上有重要意义，而且对探讨横断山区河流水系变迁也有特殊的意义。目前雅砻江冬麻豆仅局限在四川新龙县雅龙江河谷非常狭下的地段上，受人为活动干扰剧烈，种群数量较少，出于极度濒危状态，亟待保护。 Yue, X. K., J. P. Yue, et al. (2011). "Systematics of the genus Salweenia (Leguminosae) from Southwest China with discover of a second species." Taxon 60(5): 1366-1374.
标签: 地中海
