牛津词典在探讨新时期图书馆员该怎么称呼。上次在北京，一个朋友送了我一个明信片，是他在访问卢森堡的一个古堡时买的，图片是一个修道院，几个修女在整理经文，他以为这是图书馆员的雏形，因为我也是个图书馆员，应该知道图书馆员的历史，所以留给了我，大概图书馆员等于老处女就是从哪个时候给人们留下的印象吧。这篇文字里也说，“Librarian”may still make many peoplerecall a shushing spinster.那么现代社会，图书馆员该怎么称呼？ Library 2.0: the changing face of libraries The landscape of libraries and the profession of librarianship are constantly evolving. The word “library” may conjure up an image of an old building smelling of even older books in the mind of the public and “librarian” may still make many people recall a shushing spinster. In reality, the 21 st century library and the 21 st century librarian have moved light years beyond those worn-out stereotypes. Today’s library is a transformed space that exceeds its physical boundaries and reaches into cyberspace . Today’s librarian must be tech savvy and remain attuned to a body of users with an enormous range of needs and aptitudes. Meanwhile, the language used to describe libraries and librarians has kept pace with the changes in the field, in some cases leading to confusion among users and controversy among practitioners. From cataloguing to metadata One need only look at a selection of library job titles to begin to understand the new and varied roles filled by librarians these days. Words like “digital,” “electronic,” and “automation” increasingly appear in librarian’s titles. Traditional library roles are getting modern facelifts as well. The title Metadata Librarian has begun to eclipse the more familiar Cataloguing Librarian in academic libraries. This new title reflects the proliferation of electronic resources and the accompanying metadata that chart those resources for easier navigation. New library position titles reflect not just new technologies, but also a changing relationship between librarians and patrons. For example, many libraries now have a User Experience Librarian on staff in a move toward a smoother user-to-library interaction. As libraries rethink this crucial relationship, the very definition of what a library is and what services it provides are under examination. The term that has come to encompass this new approach is Library 2.0 . Similar to the more widely used Web 2.0 , Library 2.0 refers to an emerging model of library services that emphasizes user feedback and participation. The “2.0” moniker suggests a complete overhaul of the old concept of a library (the supposed Library 1.0) and also positions the library as a vital and current institution through association with the Web 2.0 term. Libraries within primary and secondary schools have experienced name changes as well, certainly in the USA. The name of the physical space has tried on a few different descriptors , from plain old school library to media center to learning commons. The title of the person who works in that setting has also varied and been subject to contention. In 2010, the American Association of School Librarians voted to recognize School Librarian as the official job title of their profession, replacing the previously preferred designation, School Library Media Specialist. This decision met with some controversy. One blogger who objected to the change advocated instead for another common title, Teacher Librarian. In this case, the titles did more than describe the job—they established the role of the librarian firmly within the educational system. Goodbye library, hello iSchool One of the most discussed and most contested terminological shifts in librarianship is in the names of the graduate programs from which librarians receive their degrees. Early graduate programs for librarian hopefuls in the United States offered the Masters in Library Science (MLS) degree. In the last few decades of the 20 th century, schools began incorporating the term “information” into their names to reflect the rise in significance of information sources that were not contained in books or restricted to physical library buildings. More librarians began to graduate with an MLIS, with an added “I” for information. These days the L-word is disappearing from university programs altogether in favor of the I-word. Of the top twenty Library and Information Studies graduate programs ranked in 2009 by US News and World Report , only half even had the word “library” in their names while all incorporated the word “information.” Several of these programs now go by the punchily abbreviated name of iSchool (no relation to the Apple products in your backpack, despite the familiar i- prefix). Many factors contribute to the decrease of “library” in these school names and the predominance of “information.” One explanation is that the change in nomenclature reflects a shift toward thinking of librarianship as only one subcategory under a larger umbrella of disciplines that relate to the organization of information. A more skeptical view is that the term “information science” carries more prestige than “library science” and thus graduates garner higher salaries. What makes a library a library? As libraries and librarianship are recast in new roles, we must ask some fundamental questions about the language we use to refer to them. Is a library even a library anymore when the etymological root of the word (from Latin libr- ‘book’) becomes less and less relevant? Are librarians still librarians when that L-word disappears from the degree programs that train them? While the landscape shifts and the lines between disciplines blur, the language continues to accommodate these changes, at times awkwardly, at times gracefully. Today’s library may little resemble the library of a century ago, but the common word “library” traces the lineage of an enduring, if evolving, institution.
阅读疗法 是一种藉由阅读图书或接触其他信息材料，帮助读者纾解负面情绪困扰，进而达到身心平衡之状态。通常是由 图书馆员 、心理治疗师，或其他相关专业人员，针对个别需求，进行材料选择，并利用这些材料给予读者治疗。 阅读疗法的英文名称为bibliotherapy，为希腊文biblion（图书）跟therpeia（治疗）两字的结合。其又有：读书疗愈、书目疗法、图书医疗法、图书治疗法、文献治疗、信息疗法等多种名称。书目疗法是一种辅助性的心理治疗方法。它并不直接教导读者如何做才能解决他们目前所遭遇的情绪问题，而是让读者在接触适合的图书信息资源（例如：书本、影片、音乐等）后，对其内容产生「认同」、「净化」、「领悟」，并在经历这些过程后，能对他们目前所遭遇的困难有新的认知与体会，进而解决自身遭遇的问题。 阅读疗法是由图书馆员或专业人士（例如：心理治疗师）依据读者的个人需求，选择适合的素材帮助读者从负面情绪中释放，读者进而自我治疗，找到恢复的力量。总而言之，阅读疗法除了具有心理、情绪治疗的功用之外，也能帮助读者解决问题、满足他们的心理需求，进而使他们从目前遭遇的问题中成长、发展；同时，阅读疗法也是一种藉由与材料内容互动，达到促进心理健康的方法。 http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/edit_b.cgi?refresh=TID=20214 Start A-Literature C-Literature B-list Filter Literature A-query: bibliotherapy C-query: Psychology The B-list contains title words and phrases (terms) that appeared in both the A and the C literature. 163 articles appeared in both literatures and were not included in the process of computing the B-list but can be viewed here . The results of this search are saved under id # 20214 and can be accessed from the start page after you leave this session. There are 934 terms on the current B-list ( 138 are predicted to be relevant), which is shown ranked according to predicted relevance. The list can be further trimmed down using the filters listed in the left margin. To assess whether there appears to be a biologically significant relationship between the AB and BC literatures for specific B-terms, please select one or more B-terms and then click the button to view the corresponding AB and BC literatures. Use Ctrl to select multiple B-terms. http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/view_b_txt.cgi?ID=20214 job id # 20214 started Tue Mar 29 22:16:42 2011 Max_citations: 50000 Stoplist: /var/www/html/arrowsmith_uic/data/stopwords_pubmed Ngram_max: 3 20214 Search ARROWSMITH A A_query_raw: bibliotherapyTue Mar 29 22:17:20 2011 A query = bibliotherapy started Tue Mar 29 22:17:20 2011 A query resulted in 360 titles 20214 Search ARROWSMITH C C_query_raw: Psychology Tue Mar 29 22:18:04 2011 C: Psychology 830323 A: pubmed_query_A 360 AC: ( bibliotherapy ) AND ( Psychology ) 163 C query = Psychology started Tue Mar 29 22:18:04 2011 C query resulted in 50000 titles A AND C query resulted in 163 titles 934 B-terms ready on Tue Mar 29 22:19:28 2011 B-list on Tue Mar 29 22:27:42 2011 1 compulsive buying 2 panic disorder 3 subthreshold depression 4 deficit hyperactivity disorder 5 self management 6 self harm 7 expressive writing 8 panic attack 9 depression anxiety 10 social skill 11 group cognitive 12 stimulant medication 13 anxiety disorder 14 social phobia 15 behavioral therapy 16 attention deficit hyperactivity 17 cognitive behavioral 18 deliberate self 19 lesbian 20 psychoeducation 21 smoking cessation 22 children externalizing 23 reminiscence therapy 24 major depressive disorder 25 major depressive 26 anxiety depression 27 mood anxiety 28 assisted cognitive 29 lifestyle 30 therapy depression 31 obsessive compulsive disorder 32 attention deficit 33 aphasia 34 treatment depression 35 anxiety depressive disorder 36 treatment anxiety 37 relapse prevention 38 behavioral treatment 39 cognitive behavioral therapy 40 spiritual 41 treatment fear 42 anxiety depressive 43 externalizing problem 44 telephone helpline 45 health related 46 skill training 47 cognitive treatment 48 insomnia 49 meta analysis 50 depressive symptom a 51 borderline personality 52 cardiac rehabilitation 53 underserviced area 54 weight loss 55 depression primary care 56 orgasmic 57 risk adolescent 58 healthy lifestyle 59 smoking cessation program 60 psychological distress 61 psychiatric outpatient 62 depressive symptom 63 alcoholic anonymous 64 systematic review economic 65 hearing 66 treatment anxiety disorder 67 family intervention 68 panic 69 phobia 70 group cognitive behavioral 71 therapy obsessive compulsive 72 unipolar depression 73 cognitive behavior therapy 74 obsessive compulsive 75 cognitive behavior 76 compulsive buying disorder 77 treatment attention deficit 78 internet 79 antidepressant medication 80 sexual dysfunction 81 depressive disorder primary 82 childhood anxiety disorder 83 cardiac event 84 drinker 85 deliberate self harm 86 obsessive 87 psychotherapy 88 treating depression 89 poetry 90 behavioral treatment chronic 91 fear flying 92 life anxiety disorder 93 website 94 behavioral therapy obsessive 95 psychotherapy depression 96 intimacy 97 marital 98 compulsive 99 late life 100 treatment behavioral 101 depressive 102 cbt 103 depression children 104 behavior therapy 105 computerised cognitive 106 randomized controlled 107 depression late 108 depression a meta 109 self help 110 chronic illness 111 spiritual care 112 borderline personality disorder 113 satisfaction 114 disorder primary care 115 spiritual nursing 116 human sexuality 117 therapist 118 health nursing 119 randomised controlled trial 120 benjamin 121 nursing intervention 122 personality 123 outcome study 124 personality disorder 125 randomised controlled 126 adolescent psychiatry 127 campus 128 depression older adult 129 stepfamily 130 attention 131 life anxiety 132 narrative skill 133 mental health 134 self help intervention 135 treatment chronic insomnia 136 economic evaluation 137 unipolar 138 student
标签: 图书馆员
