# 编者信息 熊荣川 明湖实验室 xiongrongchuan@126.com http://blog.sciencenet.cn/u/Bearjazz Amphibians are a key group in historical biogeography because they are often thought to be unable to disperse over saltwater barriers (Duellman Trueb 1986; Meirte 1999; Bossuyt Milinkovitch 2001; Inger Voris 2001; Brown Guttman 2002). They are well known to be extremely sensitive to osmotic stress and do not survive in salt water, although some species of frogs tolerate or partially inhabit brackish water (Balinsky 1981). Therefore, amphibians are considered to be excellent models for vicariance scenarios as explanation for general biogeographic patterns, and major biogeographic hypotheses have been influenced by the occurrence of endemic amphibians on islands or continents (Duellman Trueb 1986; Richards Moore 1996; Worthy et al. 1999; Bossuyt Milinkovitch 2001; Brown Guttman 2002). One important argument for such interpretations, ever since Darwin (1859), has been that heretoforth no endemic amphibians were known from oceanic islands. By contrast, reptiles are present on many islands and some are known to be excellent over-water dispersers (Censky et al. 1998; Arnold 2000; Schoener et al. 2001). 两栖动物是历史生物地理学中的一个关键类群，因为它们通常被认为无法跨越海水屏障扩散（ Duellman Trueb 1986; Meirte 1999; Bossuyt Milinkovitch 2001; Inger Voris 2001; Brown Guttman 2002 ） 。众所周知，尽管有些两栖种类的青蛙能够忍受或有时栖息在微咸水中（ Balinsky 1981 ），它们对渗透压力极为敏感，不能在盐水中生存。因此，两栖动物被认为是解释岛屿或大陆特有两栖动物出现的影响因素的一般生物地理学模式的较优可选模型（ Duellman Trueb 1986; Richards Moore 1996; Worthy et al. 1999; Bossuyt Milinkovitch 2001; Brown Guttman 2002 ）。自达尔文（ 1859 年）以来，对这种解释的一个重要论据就是迄今为止还没有发现来自海洋岛屿的特有两栖动物。相比之下，爬行动物出现在许多岛屿上，其中一些是众所周知的优秀的跨水域扩散者（ Censky et al. 1998; Arnold 2000; Schoener et al. 2001 ）。 Vences, M., D. R. Vieites, F. Glaw, H. Brinkmann, J. Kosuch, M. Veith, A. Meyer (2003). Multiple Overseas Dispersal in Amphibians. Proceedings Biological Sciences 270(1532): 2435-2442.
标签: 跨海扩散
