美国白宫科技政策办公室在支持开放获取方面的最新动作 武夷山 2 月 22 日,白宫科技政策办公室主任 John Holdren 宣布,凡年度研发支出超过 1 亿美元的所有联邦政府机构,都要在半年内拿出方案,谈谈本部门如何将联邦政府资助的研发项目所产生的科学论文和科学数据在发表后一年内通过机构知识库向公众免费开放( http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ostp_public_access_memo_2013.pdf )。 以下这些机构都将受这条规定约束,其中有的已经制定了支持开放获取的强度不一的政策,点击 Policy details 可见详情。 我国政府迄今在支持开放获取方面没有可操作的国家政策,令人揪心啊! 1. United States Funder Mandate Smithsonian Institution (史密森学会) Policy details 2. United States Funder Mandate USAID (美国国际开发总署) Policy details 3. United States Funder Mandate US Department of State (国务院) Policy details 4. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Agriculture (USDA) (农业部) Policy details 5. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (国土安全部) Policy details 6. United States Funder Mandate US Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) (联邦公路管理局) Policy details 7. United States Funder Mandate US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (联邦航空管理局) Policy details 8. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Transportation (DOT) (运输部) Policy details 9. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Energy (DOE) (能源部) Policy details 10. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Defense (DOD) (国防部) Policy details 11. United States Funder Mandate US Geological Survey (USGS) (美国地质调查局) Policy details 12. United States Funder Mandate US Department of the Interior (DOI) (内务部) Policy details 13. United States Funder Mandate US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (国家海洋与大气管理局) Policy details 14. United States Funder Mandate US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (国家标准技术研究院) Policy details 15. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Commerce (DOC) (商务部) Policy details 16. United States Funder Mandate US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (美国保健科研与质量局) Policy details 17. United States Funder Mandate US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (食品药品管理局 Policy details 18. United States Funder Mandate US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (国家疾病防控中心) Policy details 19. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (卫生部) Policy details 20. United States Funder Mandate US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (国家航空航天局) Policy details 21. United States Funder Mandate US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (环境保护署) Policy details 22. United States Funder Mandate US Department of Education (教育部) Policy details 23. United States Funder Mandate US National Science Foundation (NSF) (国家科学基金会) Policy details
今天收到美国白宫给二傻的正式信函 前段时间( 2011-9-22 ),二傻参加了一个向美国白宫的情愿活动,要求奥巴马政府立即向地球人披露美国政府有关外星人的知识和交流内幕 : 上周六,二傻收到白宫来的正式回复了!嘢! 来自白宫的电子邮件如下: Searching for ET, But No Evidence Yet By Phil Larson who works on space policy and communications at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Thank you for signing the petition asking the Obama Administration to acknowledge an extraterrestrial presence here on Earth. The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race. In addition, there is no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden from the public's eye. However, that doesn't mean the subject of life outside our planet isn't being discussed or explored. In fact, there are a number of projects working toward the goal of understanding if life can or does exist off Earth. Here are a few examples: SETI—the Search for ExtraTerrestrial Intelligence —was originally stood up with help from NASA, but has since been moved to other sources of private funding. SETI's main purpose is to act as a giant ear on behalf of the human race, pointing an array of ground-based telescopes towards space to listen for any signal from another world. Kepler is a NASA spacecraft in Earth orbit that's main goal is to search for Earth-like planets. Such a planet would be located in the "Goldilocks" zone of a distant solar system—not too hot and not too cold—and could potentially be habitable by life as we know it. The Kepler mission is specifically designed to survey our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover Earth-sized, rocky planets in or near the habitable zone of the star (sun) they orbit. The Mars Science Laboratory , Curiosity, is an automobile-sized rover that NASA is launching soon. The rover's onboard laboratory will study rocks, soils, and other geology in an effort to detect the chemical building blocks of life (e.g., forms of carbon) on Mars and will assess what the Martian environment was like in the past to see if it could have harbored life. A last point: Many scientists and mathematicians have looked with a statistical mindset at the question of whether life likely exists beyond Earth and have come to the conclusion that the odds are pretty high that somewhere among the trillions and trillions of stars in the universe there is a planet other than ours that is home to life. Many have also noted, however, that the odds of us making contact with any of them—especially any intelligent ones—are extremely small, given the distances involved. But that's all statistics and speculation. The fact is we have no credible evidence of extraterrestrial presence here on Earth. Relevant Links: SETI NASA Kepler Mission NASA Mars Science Laboratory Check out this response on We the People . Stay Connected Stay connected to the White House by signing up for periodic email updates from President Obama and other senior administration officials . 二傻给大家翻译一下哦? 正在寻找外星人,但尚无证据! 白宫科技政策办公室、空间政策和通信专员, Phil Larson 感谢您签署请愿书,要求奥巴马政府承认地球上有外星人存在。 美国政府没有任何关于地外生命存在的证据,也没有任何外星人与人类发生过接触的证据。 此外,也没有可靠的信息指出有些证据对大众隐瞒了。 然而,这并不意味着不能讨论或探索关于地外生命的课题。 事实上,有一些工作正向这个目标前进,以了解地球之外是否还存在生命。 下面是几个例子: * 【 SETI (搜寻地外文明计划)】:最初是在美国航空航天局 NASA 的帮助下建立起来的,但现在已由其他私人资金赞助。 SETI 就相当于人类的一只巨耳,将地面望远镜阵列对准太空,聆听来自其它世界的任何信号。 * 【开普勒(太空望远镜)】:是 NASA 在地球轨道上的航天器,它的主要目标是寻找类似地球的行星。这样的类地行星一般位于遥远恒星系中的所谓 “ 宜居带 ” ,不太冷也不太热,适合生命居住。开普勒的主要任务是全面搜寻我们的银河系,以求发现类似地球大小、由岩石组成、位于宜居带轨道的行星。 * 【火星科学实验室】:是 NASA 不久后将要发射的如汽车大小般的火星探测车。探测车上所带的实验室将研究火星上的岩石、土壤以及其它地质特性,以检测火星上生命的化学结构 ( 例如,碳的形式 ) ,同时评估火星过去的环境,判断其是否适合生命居住。 最后一点:许多科学家和数学家通过统计学角度来回答是否可能存在地外生命的问题。他们得出结论,在宇宙中数以万亿的恒星中存在适合生命居住的类地行星可能性非常高。同时,许多人还指出,由于距离的因素,我们与其他生命尤其是智能生命的接触几率非常低。 但是,这些都只是统计数据和猜测。 事实上,我们没有能证明外星人在地球上存在的可信证据。 【附件】:Letter from White House.pdf