李政道 - 不要怕犯错,如果你把所有的错犯了,最后可成功 -- 免费刊登失败的实验结果! 1) “Hey!” Most of the time, experiments don't succeed:All you got is negative data. So what? You can now publish the unsuccessfuldata! It is free of charge. Why not? You can add a constructive aspect in yourexperiments by publishing the negative data, toward the positive results. Byeliminating all the unsuccessful experiments, you can reach the successfulending. 大多数时候,实验没有成功。还等什么?你可以发布这些不成功的数据!它是免费的,为什么不呢?您可以添加在你的实验走向建设性的方面,通过消除所有不成功的实验的积极成果 - 你可以到达成功的结局。 2. “You!” 我知道的诺贝尔物理学奖获得者李政道的智慧 , 他回答说 : “我其实和所有人都一样 , 有许多试验和错误 。 如何进行研究的问题 , 最重要的一点: 不要怕犯错误,如果你把所有的错误犯了,最后你可以成功”。 本文引用地址: http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-847277-654564.html 杨振宁 : “ 发现学科学的人最困难的时候是找论文题目的时候。这是一个学生从学习别人转向自己找问题的一个过程,是比较难。 1947 年,我在芝加哥大学做研究生的时候,是我一生最困难和不高兴的时期 。 之前我一帆风顺,但那时却到处碰壁。我想说,这个失望碰壁的经验,绝对不是你一个人的经验,而是大多数科学研究生的经验,我告诉过我的学生们,如果在困惑期间,能坚持,不气馁,可能会有柳暗花明的一天 。 ” 3. “See!” I've accumulated a lot of negative results/data and dumped/ threw them away as I didnot see any value to keep them. I wish some journals back then wanting topublish negative data. You are lucky now; you can make sense of some non-sensestuff by publishing in hope to alert others a road not through. 您 已经积累了很多负面的数据,没有看到任何值。你是幸运的,现在,你可以通过发布一有意义,希望以提醒其他 人 通不过的道路。 我们鼓励您加入我们的行列,有助于减少目前正科学记录的发表偏倚。除了较传统的全长度的研究论文,我们也接受优质单观察文章,数据(即数据集加协议),负序和零结果提交。如果你有消极的结果在你的实验室进行研究的笔记本电脑,这是时间写出来和提交给 F1000Research,在我们免费的宽限期直到八月底! 在 F1000Research,我们感到自豪的透明度和公开性,我们鼓励出版的所有声音的科学- 不只是那些研究结果阳性结果。这就是为什么从现在开始,直到八月底,我们豁免的文章处理费的文章,报告结果负或空阴性结果. 4. “So!” All theinformation you need is as follows to publish your negative data! Here we are: 发布您的负面数据所有信息如下: Rebecca Lawrence info@updates.f1000.com 7:52 AM (3 hours ago) To ensure you receive emails from Faculty of 1000, add info@updates.f1000.com to your safelist . If you're having trouble viewing this message, click to view in your default browser . Write up your negative findings! We encourage you to join us in helping to reduce the current positive publication bias in the scientific record. In addition to more traditional full-length research papers, we also accept good-quality single-observation articles, data articles (i.e. a dataset plus protocol), and negative- and null-result submissions. If you have negative results in your lab notebooks from well-conducted studies, this is the time to write them up and submit them to F1000Research during our free grace period! Negative, and proud of it! At F1000Research , we pride ourselves on transparency and openness, and we encourage the publication of all sound science - not just those studies that result in positive findings. That is why from now until the end of August, we are waiving the article processing fee for articles that report negative or null findings. Find out more about this initiative . Quote code NR13 for free submission when you submit your negative results paper. Supporters of this initiative include Bad Pharma author Ben Goldacre: Evidence has shown repeatedly that studies with negative results - most notably clinical trials - are grossly under-reported in the literature, leading to publication bias that is ultimately harming patients. This is why we launched the AllTrials campaign for the registration and reporting of all clinical trials, and also why this is an important initiative from F1000Research . We've already started publishing negative results articles: last month we published an article by Mark Peterson of Indiana University, about the genetics of song birds. Mark's work looked for sequence variants of two genes (known to affect migration) between migratory and non-migratory birds, but did not find a correlation in the species he studied. Read Mark's article and his interview on our blog , in which he answers a few questions about his work and about the importance of publishing negative results. Submit your paper: Please read our straightforward author guidelines and then submit using our very simple submission system , quoting code NR13 at step 6. If you have any questions about submitting your work or to find out more about F1000Research , please contact us at research@f1000.com . With kind regards, Rebecca Rebecca Lawrence Managing Director F1000Research You have received this message in the belief that it would be of interest. If you have any questions, please email info@f1000.com . F1000 Research Ltd | Science Navigation Group | Registered in England and Wales with Company Number 8322928. Middlesex House, 34-42 Cleveland Street | London, W1T 4LB | United Kingdom http://f1000research.com/?utm_source=MUList_NR13utm_medium=Emailutm_content=Headerutm_campaign=NegativeResults Mydesk note: If it just happens to you to read my blog, you should know I writewhatever comes to my mind at the moment: A trunk, a leaf, a flower, a honeybee,a bird, etc. Nothing in my writing is organized or decorated in a high fashionway. It is a raw stuff, a feeling of the moment, a moment of gratitude, anarticle of interest. If you want to go a deep level of reading, you won't findin my blog. Apologize if you feel hurt of reading such a poor quality ofmaterials. Free to choose after all, you are on your own moment of time. 注意:如果你看我的博客,你应该知道我写那一刻我的脑海里:一个树干,叶,花,蜜蜂,鸟等。在高级时装的方式写作的组织或装饰。它是一种原始的东西,感觉的瞬间,片刻的感谢。如果你想一个深层次的阅读,你不会在我的博客中找到。道歉,如果你觉得阅读这样的材料质量差的伤害。自由选择,毕竟,你是你自己的片刻时间。
看看李政道的简历,发现有意思的一点。就是李政道一开始的提升几乎是火箭速度,但也是一步一个脚印走过来的!而且从一般教授到校级教授用了28年时间!其中经历了到普林斯顿高等研究院“镀金”三年,然后才是讲座教授,最后终于到1984年才登顶成为校级教授(university professor),(人家可是1957年获得了炸药奖)所以,淡定,淡定。 Position of Tsung Dao Lee 1950 Research Associate in Astronomy, University of Chicago 1950-51 Research Associate and Lecturer, University of California,Berkeley 1951-53 Member, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 1953-55 Assistant Professor, Columbia University 1955-56 Associate Professor, Columbia University 1956-60 Professor, Columbia University 1960-62 Adjunct Professor, Columbia University 1960-63 Professor, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 1962-63 Visiting Professor, Columbia University 1963-64 Professor, Columbia University 1964-84 Enrico Fermi Professor of Physics, Columbia University 1984- University Professor, Columbia University 1986- Director, China Center of Advanced Science Technology (CCAST, WL), Beijing, China 1986- Director, Beijing Institute of Modern Physics (BIMP) 1988- Director, Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics (ZIMP) 1997-2003 Director, RIKEN-BNL Research Center 2004- Director Emeritus, RIKEN-BNL Research Center http://tdlee.ccast.ac.cn/eindex.html
科学研究的最高境界是完全兴趣驱动,不在乎名利。 但达到最高境界的人很少,包括牛顿-莱布尼茨之争、杨振宁-李政道的矛盾。。。都是名利纠纷。像牛顿这样的人物况且求名逐利,普通科研人员追求名利也就不要有任何不好意思了。 虽然我们可以爱好名利,但提倡大家要“君子爱财,取之以道”。这样我们学术界才会逐渐走入正轨。 在学术界靠什么出名呢,怎样获得名誉才算是“取之有道”呢?看看两位国际上的前辈给我们的建议吧! Ten Simple Rules for Building and Maintaining a Scientific Reputation Rule 1: Think Before You Act Rule 2: Do Not Ignore Criticism Rule 3: Do Not Ignore People Rule 4: Diligently Check Everything You Publish and Take Publishing Seriously Rule 5: Always Declare Conflicts of Interest Rule 6: Do Your Share for the Community Rule 7: Do Not Commit to Tasks You Cannot Complete Rule 8: Do Not Write Poor Reviews of Grants and Papers Rule 9: Do Not Write References for People Who Do Not Deserve It Rule 10: Never Plagiarize or Doctor Your Data 看完之后发现,在国际学术界出名并不太难,请客送礼、吃吃喝喝、会来会去等似乎也不是必须的。我等小辈只要洁身自好、努力工作,还是有希望的。 我个人的看法,老老实实的科研人员最难做到的可能是第9点。其他的通过自律不难做到。 如果无法下载全文,可发邮件找我帮助。dkniu@bnu.edu.cn
1950年代,传统的观点认为,宇宙空间是左右对称的,由此可得出宇称是守恒的。当时的物理学家认为宇宙空间左右不对称是不可思议的,但就在1956年,三个青年大胆的提出了宇称不守恒理论,其中两位就是后来获得诺贝尔奖的杨振宁和李政道,但是还有一个人他比杨李还早三个月提出该理论,但是却因为导师朗道,他遗憾地与诺贝尔奖失之交臂。故事是这样的: 1956年这一 年,苏联物理学家沙皮罗在对介子衰变的研究中,发现了介子衰变过程中宇称不守恒。他向朗道介绍了自己的发现.朗道过于相信自己的直觉,对此不以为然。他认为宇称一直是守恒的,无论是在宏观状态还在微观状态,凡是与他的物理直觉不合的想法,必定是错误的。所以当沙皮罗将自己的研究成果写成论文请他审阅时.他却连看也不看,若无其事地将它扔在一边。 几个月之后.中国旅美学者(中国国籍)杨振宁和李政道提出了沙皮罗已经发现的弱相互作用下宇称不守恒的理 论,不久,又由吴健雄用实验做出了证明。第二年,杨振宁和李政道获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。而沙皮罗因为朗道的随手一扔,虽然发现在先,最终与诺贝尔失之交 臂。 朗道这次错误的自负断送了自己和沙皮罗的诺贝尔奖,不过好在诺贝尔奖委员会在他发生车祸的1962年年底把诺贝尔奖颁给了他以表彰他20年前液氦的 先驱性理论工作,不过沙皮罗就没那么好运了,诺贝尔奖离之远去... 附注:英文史料 (1) LANDAU HIS LIFE AND WORK (2) 朗道百年纪念
已搜过,无重复。 原帖在这里: http://xys4.dxiong.com/xys/netters/Fang-Zhouzi/blog/yangzhenning2.txt 再说说杨振宁和李政道的论文署名之争 方舟子 前面说到,自1952年到1962年,杨振宁和李政道两人一起发表了23篇论文(不包括有第三者的论文),除了第一篇杨排第一,其他22篇全都是李排第一。很多人没有注意到,他们的第一篇和第二篇论文是在同一期Physical Review (1 August 1952, Volume 87, Issue 3)杂志上紧挨着发表的。也就是说,同一期杂志发表了他们的两篇论文,杨要求两人各在其中一篇排第一,这个要求我看一点也不过分。 同一期的杂志还有36篇两个或两个以上作者的论文,其中有16篇没有按作者姓氏首字母的顺序排列。可见在当时,在Physical Review上,不存在李政道所 说的按作者姓氏首字母的顺序排列这一国际惯例,李政道因为杨振宁要求一篇论文的署名不遵守国际惯例,就对他心怀不满,真是一点道理也没有。 这一期杂志不按 国际惯例 排名的16篇论文如下: The Disintegration of Cs130 Alan B. Smith, Allan C. G. Mitchell, and Robert S. Caird The Coherent Neutron Scattering Cross Sections of Nitrogen and Vanadium S. W. Peterson and Henri A. Levy The Disintegration of Ce144 and Pr144 Fred T. Porter and C. Sharp Cook Slow Neutron Crystal Spectrometry: The Total Cross Sections of Co, Er, Hf, Ni58, Ni60, Ho, and Fission Sm S. Bernstein, L. B. Borst, C. P. Stanford, T. E. Stephenson, and J. B. Dial The Stopping Cross Section of D2O Ice W. A. Wenzel and Ward Whaling Gamma- and Alpha-Produced Scintillations in Cesium Fluoride W. Van Sciver and R. Hofstadter Half-Life of 139-Min Dy165 R. Sher, H. J. Kouts, and K. W. Downes Mechanical Properties of Thin Films of Silver J. W. Beams, W. E. Walker, and H. S. Morton, Jr. Impurity Effects in the Thermal Conversion of Germanium W. P. Slichter and E. D. Kolb Gamma-Rays from Sc48 Bernard Hamermesh, Virginia Hummel, Leonard Goodman, and Donald Engelkemeir Azimuthal Variation of Cosmic Radiation for Zenith Angle 40 at =19 N B. Bhowmik and G. S. Bajwa A Narrow Angle Pair of Particles Produced in Hydrogen A. B. Weaver, Earl A. Long, and Marcel Schein Angular Distributions of the Be9+D Neutrons J. S. Pruitt, S. S. Hanna, and C. D. Swartz Narrow Angle Pairs of Particles from Nuclear Interactions J. J. Lord, Joseph Fainberg, D. M. Haskin, and Marcel Schein Magnetic Shielding Effects in Compounds of Vanadium H. E. Walchli and H. W. Morgan Polymorphism of ND4D2PO4 Elizabeth A. Wood, Walter J. Merz, and Bernd T. Matthias (XYS20091210) 方舟子的第一次谈杨李关系的帖子见: http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=277659 写得不错的评论见: 方舟子够狠: http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx?id=277744